CN114923384B - Chimney directional blasting demolition method - Google Patents
Chimney directional blasting demolition method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114923384B CN114923384B CN202210585321.7A CN202210585321A CN114923384B CN 114923384 B CN114923384 B CN 114923384B CN 202210585321 A CN202210585321 A CN 202210585321A CN 114923384 B CN114923384 B CN 114923384B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/02—Particular applications of blasting techniques for demolition of tall structures, e.g. chimney stacks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D5/00—Safety arrangements
- F42D5/04—Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmless
- F42D5/045—Detonation-wave absorbing or damping means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a chimney directional blasting demolition method, and belongs to the technical field of building demolition. When two adjacent chimneys are higher and the surrounding environment is complex, the directional blasting mode is adopted to control the two chimneys to collapse in a relative directional mode, the two chimneys collide with each other in the air, and the collapse distance is reduced, so that the damage area to the ground is reduced, and the influence of collapse vibration on the periphery is effectively reduced. The method is not influenced by terrain, climate and environment, the field operation is more convenient, two chimneys are detonated simultaneously, the multi-time warning clearing is changed into one-time warning clearing, and the warning workload of surrounding clearing is reduced. Safety protection measures such as setting up safety protection bent, excavating vibration damping ditches and building buffer walls can be combined, and the construction period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building demolition, and particularly relates to a chimney directional blasting demolition method.
Background
When a abandoned chimney-type tall building (such as a chimney, a water tower and the like) is dismantled, a directional blasting method is generally adopted. The method is characterized in that a central line in the collapse direction and a gap contour line are designed at the bottom of the building in the collapse direction, a plurality of blastholes are arranged on an inner wall body of the contour line, explosives are loaded, initiation is controlled remotely, a gap is blasted, one side of the building is not supported, and the building collapses in the preset direction. Sometimes, in order to accurately collapse, guide windows are firstly manually cut on two sides of a notch before blasting; sometimes, in order to reduce vibration, a plurality of holes are pre-drilled in the notch contour line to reduce the explosive amount. This method is simpler and safer than manual layer-by-layer removal.
When two adjacent chimneys are dismantled by adopting the blasting method, the structure, the environment and the safety requirements of the chimney to be blasted need to be comprehensively considered. The collapse direction is particularly strict, for example, the height of two chimneys is 210m, because the chimneys are higher and the surrounding environment is complex, the distance between two sides in the collapse direction is closer to a protected object, the deviation in the collapse direction is 1 degree, the deviation of the top of the chimneys falling to the ground can reach 3.66m, and the larger deviation can cause serious damage to the nearby protected object. Therefore, when two chimneys are detonated simultaneously, the collapse direction must be strictly controlled.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a chimney directional blasting demolition method, which is used for solving the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the chimney directional blasting demolition method is used for blasting demolition of two adjacent chimneys simultaneously, comprises a first chimney and a second chimney, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, determining a collapse central line:
s1-1, determining an edge tangent point: laying a guide rail on one side of the first chimney, and erecting a laser on the guide rail; adjusting the emission angle of the laser to enable each point of the laser to be on the same horizontal line;
moving a laser and emitting laser, so that the laser is tangent to the two chimneys simultaneously, and marking each edge tangent point on the wall of each chimney; the two edge tangent points of the first chimney are a and c, and the two edge tangent points of the second chimney are b and d;
s1-2, selecting a pay-off point: the unwrapper holds the prism and moves at the intermediate position of two chimneys:
when the prism is superposed with the laser passing through the edge tangent points a and b, the position of the prism is a first paying-off point;
when the prism is superposed with the laser passing through the edge tangent points c and d, the position of the prism is a second paying-off point;
s1-3, determining the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at a first pay-off point, and measuring and calculating the linear distance of two pay-off points through a distance measuring function so as to determine the position of a middle point o; the position of the midpoint o is the position of the collapse central line;
s1-4, checking the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at a midpoint o, marking at an intersection point of an angle bisector of the angle aoc and the first chimney, and marking a marked point as m; in the same way, marking the intersection point of the angular bisector of the ≤ bod and the second chimney, wherein the marked point is n;
connecting the marked points m and n with the center point o, judging that the position of a collapsing center line of the two chimneys is correct when the angle mon is more than or equal to 179.5 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, otherwise, repeating S1-1 to S1-3, and re-determining the position of the collapsing center line;
s1-5, determining a collapse central line: marking collapsed center lines at the mark points m and n of the two chimneys respectively, and performing verticality calibration on the collapsed center lines through a vertical laser line in a laser level gauge;
s2, determining blasting cuts and blast holes:
s2-1, determining the position of a blasting notch: designing blasting cuts at the bottoms of the two chimneys by taking the collapsed central line as a reference line; detecting each point of the upper edge and the lower edge of the blasting notch by using a level gauge, and ensuring that each point is positioned on the same horizontal line;
s2-2, opening a directional window: two ends of the blasting notch are provided with directional windows, and the rest parts are blasting parts; the directional windows are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the collapse central line; when the directional windows are cut, the directional windows of the two chimneys are ensured to be on the same elevation;
s2-3, determining and drilling blast holes: setting up a drilling platform on the outer side of the blasting part, marking the position of a blast hole on the blasting part according to the designed blasting parameters, and drilling after the hole depth is marked;
s3, cleaning peripheral obstacles: removing obstacles in the collapse direction of the chimney to be exploded, and transferring the equipment influencing collapse, thereby providing a precondition for implementing directional collapse;
s4, taking safety protection measures: carrying out safety protection on nearby facility equipment through vibration reduction protection measures and flying stone prevention protection measures;
s5, charging and detonating: and manufacturing a blasting explosive package according to the single-hole explosive loading and the detonator section, filling the blasting hole with the blasting explosive package, connecting a blasting network and blasting the two chimneys simultaneously.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in S2-1, a trapezoidal blasting cut is used, and the calculation formula of the length of the lower edge cut is as follows: l =220/360 q pi D; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney;
the upper edge incision length calculation formula is: l =120/360 q pi D; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney;
the calculation formula of the height of the blasting notch is as follows: h = (3 to 5) delta; wherein δ is the chimney wall thickness.
As a further optimization of the invention, in S2-3, after drilling is finished, all blast holes need to be cleared and checked one by one; wherein, the acceptance adopts three-level acceptance, namely, the primary inspection of a driller, the secondary inspection of an exploder and the extraction inspection of engineering technicians.
As a further preference of the present invention, in S2-3, a triangular orientation window is used, the inclination angle of which is 23 °.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in S4, the vibration reduction protection measures include the following specific steps:
s4-1a, piling up a buffer wall and an anti-impact dike: building a buffer wall by using soil piles at the expected collapse position of the chimney, and reducing the earthquake of the chimney when the chimney falls to the ground; building an anti-impact dike on the top of the expected collapse position of the chimney to prevent the top of the chimney from contacting the ground and rushing to damage and protecting a front target in the collapse direction;
s4-1b, excavating a damping ditch: and the damping ditches are excavated around the collapse direction of the chimney, so that the influence of vibration on the periphery is further reduced.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in S4, the specific steps of the flying stone prevention measure are:
s4-2a, coverage protection: the blasting body is covered and protected by a plurality of layers of safety nets and bone nets, and a plurality of iron wires are bound for fixation;
s4-2b, shielding protection: a protective bent is erected around the two chimneys, and a safety net is hung to shield fragments splashed from the ground;
s4-2c, active protection: and (4) independently building a protective frame for peripheral important protective facilities.
As a further preferable aspect of the present invention, in S5, when the blasting hole is filled with the blasting charge, it is necessary to ensure that the filling is dense, and no void section or no void section occurs.
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S5, the manner of stemming the blast hole is: inserting 1 MS-3 detonator into the weighed single-hole explosive, fixing the single-hole explosive by using an adhesive tape, then putting the initiating explosive into a pre-drilled blast hole, and carrying out forward initiation; the remaining hole part without charge is filled with clay stemming until the muzzle is filled.
As a further preferred aspect of the present invention, in S5, the connection mode of the initiation network and the initiation cartridge is: each blast hole is provided with 1 non-electric MS-3 detonator, less than 20 detonating tubes led out from adjacent blast holes are clustered into a bundling handle, each bundling handle is connected with 2 non-electric MS-1 detonators, and the detonating tubes led out from each bundling handle are connected with a main detonating tube to form a compound closed detonating network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
when two adjacent chimneys are higher and the surrounding environment is complex, the directional blasting mode is adopted to control the two chimneys to collapse in a relative directional mode, the two chimneys collide with each other in the air, and the collapse distance is reduced, so that the damage area to the ground is reduced, and the influence of collapse vibration on the periphery is effectively reduced. The method is not influenced by terrain, climate and environment, the field operation is more convenient, two chimneys are detonated simultaneously, the multi-time warning clearing is changed into one-time warning clearing, and the warning workload of surrounding clearing is reduced. Safety protection measures such as building a safety protection bent frame, excavating a vibration reduction ditch, piling a buffer wall and the like can be combined, so that the construction period is shortened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of centerline determination for collapse;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a burst cut;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a directional window;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the lower edge of the burst slot;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along the blasting slit;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of blast holes at a blasting portion;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a stuffed initiating explosive;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the arrangement of a buffer wall and an anti-impact dike;
in the figure, 1, a chimney I, 2, a chimney II, 3, a collapsing central line, 4, a blasting notch, 5, a directional window, 6, a blast hole, 7, a buffer wall, 8 and an anti-impact dike.
Detailed Description
When two adjacent chimneys are higher and the surrounding environment is complex, a chimney directional blasting demolition method is adopted to control the collapse directions of the two chimneys, the chimneys are inclined in a relatively directional manner and collide in the air, so that the collapse distance is reduced, and the influence of collapse vibration on the periphery is reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the chimney directional blasting demolition method controls the collapse directions of a first chimney 1 and a second chimney 2, inclines oppositely and directionally and forms collision in the air, so that the collapse distance is reduced, and the influence of collapse vibration on the periphery is reduced, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, determining collapse central lines (shown in figure 1):
s1-1, determining an edge tangent point: laying a guide rail on one side of a first chimney 1, and erecting a laser on the guide rail; and adjusting the emission angle of the laser to enable each point of the laser to be on the same horizontal line.
Moving the laser and emitting laser, so that the laser is tangent to the two chimneys simultaneously, and marking each edge tangent point on the chimney wall of each chimney; two tangent points of the edge of the chimney 1 are a and c, and two tangent points of the edge of the chimney 2 are b and d.
S1-2, selecting a pay-off point: the unwrapping wire person holds the prism and moves at the intermediate position of two chimneys:
when the prism is superposed with the laser passing through the edge tangent points a and b, the position of the prism is a first paying-off point;
when the prism coincides with the laser passing through the edge tangent points c, d, the prism is positioned at the payoff point number two.
S1-3, determining the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at a first pay-off point, wherein the total station has a distance measuring function and an angle measuring function, and measuring and calculating the linear distance of two pay-off points through the distance measuring function so as to determine the position of a middle point o; the position of the midpoint o is the position of the collapse center line 3.
S1-4, checking the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at the midpoint o, and marking an intersection point of an angular bisector of the angle aoc and a first chimney by using an angle measuring function of the total station, wherein the index point is m; and similarly, marking the intersection point of the angular bisector of the ^ bod and the second chimney, wherein the marked point is n.
Connecting the marked points m and n with the center point o, judging that the position of a collapse center line of the two chimneys is correct when the angle mon is more than or equal to 179.5 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, otherwise, repeating S1-1 to S1-3, and re-determining the position of the collapse center line;
s1-5, determining a collapse central line: marking collapse central lines 3 at the marked points m and n of the two chimneys respectively, and carrying out verticality calibration on the collapse central lines 3 through vertical laser lines in the laser level.
S2, determining blasting cuts and blast holes:
s2-1, determining the position of a blasting notch: designing blasting notches 4 at the bottoms of the two chimneys by taking the collapse central line 3 as a reference line; and (3) detecting each point of the upper edge and the lower edge of the blasting notch 4 by using a level gauge, and ensuring that each point is on the same horizontal line.
S2-2, opening a directional window: as shown in fig. 3, two ends of the blasting slit 4 are provided with directional windows 5, and the rest parts of the blasting slit 4 are blasting parts; the directional windows 5 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the collapse central line 3, the sizes of the directional windows are consistent, and when a cutting saw is used for cutting, the directional windows 5 of the two chimneys are required to be ensured to be on the same elevation.
S2-3, determining blast holes and drilling: and (3) building a drilling platform on the outer side of the blasting part, marking the position of the blast hole 6 on the blasting part by using colored chalk or red paint according to the designed blasting parameters, and drilling after the hole depth is marked.
S2-4, after drilling is finished, cleaning and checking all blast holes one by one; and the blast hole inspection adopts three-level inspection, namely primary inspection by a driller, secondary inspection by an exploder and selective inspection by engineering technicians.
S3, cleaning peripheral obstacles: and (3) removing the obstacles in the collapse direction of the chimney to be exploded by using machinery, and transferring the equipment influencing collapse, thereby providing a precondition for implementing directional collapse.
S4, taking safety protection measures: and safety protection is carried out on nearby facility equipment through vibration reduction protection measures and flying stone prevention protection measures.
S4-1, vibration reduction protection measures:
s4-1a, piling up a buffer wall and an anti-impact dike: building a buffer wall 7 by using soil piles in the expected collapse direction of the chimney to reduce the touchdown, collapse and vibration of the chimney; and an anti-impact dike 8 is piled up at the top of the expected collapse position of the chimney, so that the top of the chimney is prevented from being damaged by impact before touching the ground and protecting a front target in the collapse direction.
S4-1b, excavating a damping ditch: and the damping ditches are excavated around the collapse direction of the chimney, so that the influence of vibration on the periphery is further reduced.
S4-2, preventing flying stones:
s4-2a, coverage protection: and the blasting body is covered with four layers of safety nets and one layer of bone net for protection, and a plurality of iron wires are bound for fixation.
S4-2b, shielding protection: and protective bent frames are erected around the two chimneys, and safety nets are hung for shielding fragments splashed on the ground.
S4-2c, active protection: and a protective frame is independently erected for important peripheral protective facilities, so that fragments splashed from the ground are effectively shielded.
S5, charging and detonating: and manufacturing a blasting charge according to the single-hole charge and the detonator section, filling the blasting hole with the blasting charge, connecting a blasting network and blasting the two chimneys simultaneously.
As an embodiment of the present invention: in this embodiment, the two chimneys have the same volume and size, and the height is 220m.
In this embodiment, the blasting slit 4 is a regular trapezoid (as shown in fig. 2), and the length of the lower edge slit is: l =220 °/360 ° pi D =220/360 × 3.14 × 18.9=36.28m; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney.
The length of the upper edge cut is as follows: l =120/360 q D =120/360 x 3.14 x 18.9=19.78m; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney.
The height of the blast incision 4 is: h = (3 to 5) delta =1.92 to 3.2m; wherein δ is the chimney wall thickness. To ensure the collapse of the chimney, the height of the burst cutting 4 was set to 3.5m.
In this embodiment, the directional windows 5 of the two chimneys are both triangular, the bottom side length is 8.25m, the height is 3.5m, and the inclination angle α is 23 °.
After the directional window 5 is opened, the average pressure at the reserved position of the chimney is as follows:
σ=M/（∏（R2-r2）-s）；
in the formula: m is the total mass of the chimney, and the unit is kg; r is the outer radius of the chimney and is in cm; r is the inner radius of the chimney and the unit is cm; s is the cross-sectional area of the inner cylinder wall of the directional window, and has the unit of cm.
The total mass of the two chimneys is 11, 396.5 × 103kg, then:
σ=11396.5×103/（3.14（9452-8812）-1650×64）=43.61kg/ cm²=4.36Mpa；
its design strength (σ) =30 Mpa, stability coefficient μ =30/4.36=6.88; therefore, after the pretreatment of the two chimneys, the stability is still enough.
When the incision is closed along the upper and lower edges, the gravity center offset distance is calculated as follows:
S=Zc′·tgθ；
in the formula: the included angle theta of the directional window is 23 degrees; the chimney center of gravity height Zc' is 92.1m.
S =92.1 × tg23=39.09m > -d (chimney diameter)/2 =9.45m;
therefore, the two chimney cuts can ensure normal dumping.
In this embodiment, the diameters of the blasting holes of the two chimneys are 38mm, and the blasting parameters are as follows:
in the embodiment, the blast holes 6 are symmetrically distributed in a triangular shape and are arranged on two sides of the collapse central line 3 of the outer wall of the chimney. According to the designed blasting notch range, the blast holes and the row spacing, a "+" character is marked at each blast hole by using chalk, and the hole depth is marked (as shown in figure 6, a plurality of blast holes are arranged at the blasting part).
As shown in fig. 7, 1 MS-3 detonator with detonating tube is inserted into the weighed single-hole explosive amount, and fixed by using adhesive tape, and then the detonating powder is put into the blast hole 6 drilled in advance, and detonated in forward direction; the remaining bore portion of the unfilled charge was filled with clay stemming until the muzzle was filled. It should be noted that, when the blasting charge is filled in the blast hole, it is necessary to ensure the filling to be dense, and the occurrence of the phenomena of empty section and virtual section cannot occur.
The detonation network detonates the two chimneys simultaneously, and the connection mode with the detonation cartridge bag is as follows: each blast hole is provided with 1 non-electric MS-3 detonator, less than 20 detonating tubes led out from adjacent blast holes are clustered into a bundling handle, each bundling handle is connected with 2 non-electric MS-1 detonators, and the detonating tubes led out from each bundling handle are connected with a main conductive detonating tube to form a duplex closed detonating network. The percussion device is used as a percussion element, and the capacitance type initiator is used as an initiation power supply. The network protection mode is as follows: and drilling a plurality of through holes by utilizing a chimney window or below the blasting notch, placing a bundling handle into the chimney, and connecting a network in the chimney to protect the detonation network.
The blasting vibration safety calculation formula is as follows:
V=K K′[(Q) 1/3 /R] α ；
in the formula: r is the distance between the protected object and the explosion point, and the unit is m; k is the coefficient of the conditions such as terrain and geology related to the seismic wave propagation path, and is taken as 150; k' is a correction coefficient, and 0.25 is taken; v is the safe allowable vibration speed, and the unit is cm/s; alpha is the blasting attenuation index, and 1.5 is taken; q is the maximum charge allowed for one detonation or the maximum charge for a single segment during millisecond delay detonation. According to the formula, the blasting vibration does not damage buildings, equipment and facilities to be protected.
The safety calculation formula for blasting flyrock is as follows:
Rmax=Kf·q·D；
in the formula: rmax is the maximum distance of the individual flyrock, and the unit is m; kf is a coefficient related to a blasting mode, a packing condition and terrain geology, kf =1 to 1.5, and the maximum value of the safety coefficient is 1.5; q is explosive single consumption, and is in kg/m, and q =2.981kg/m manganese harvesting; d is the diameter of the blast hole in mm.
Rmax=Kf ·q·D=1.5×2.981×38=169.92m；
The above calculation results are the distance to the flying stone achieved without any protective measures. During blasting, covering protection, shielding protection and active protection on important equipment and facilities are adopted. Therefore, the flyrock can be controlled within the allowable range.
The air shock wave safety distance formula is as follows:
RB=KB·(Q) 1/2 (engineering blasting practical manual);
in the formula: RB is the air shock wave safety distance, and the unit is m; KB is the coefficient; q is the total explosive loading during one-time simultaneous blasting and millisecond delay blasting, and the maximum single-section explosive loading kg is during half-second delay blasting.
RB=1·(144.5) 1/2 =12.02m；
Therefore, the air impact wave distance is short and the air impact wave is safe.
The formula for calculating the collapse vibration safety is as follows:
vt=kt【（MgH/σ） 1/3 /R】 β ；
in the formula: vt is the vibration speed of the ground caused by collapse, and the unit is cm/s; m is the mass of the falling member, chimney M =11396.5t, total mass M =22793t; g is gravitational acceleration, g =9.8 m/s; h is stack height, H =210m; sigma is the destruction strength of the ground medium, the unit is Mpa, generally 10 Mpa; r is the central distance from the observation point to the impact ground in m; kt and beta are attenuation indexes, vibration reduction measures such as a buffer wall and a vibration reduction groove are adopted, and the kt attenuation coefficient is 1/4 to 1/3 of that of the original ground, so that kt is 0.85, and beta =1.66. According to the formula, the chimney collapse vibration can not damage surrounding buildings (structures), equipment and facilities to be protected, and the method accords with relevant regulations of blasting safety regulations.
In the embodiment, the steel pipes and the fasteners are used for setting up the protective bent frames around the two chimneys, and the safety net is hung, so that fragments splashed from the ground can be effectively shielded. The length of the protection bent is 310m in north and south, the width of the east and west is 80m, and the height is 12m. Before blasting the chimney, the concrete pavement of the collapsed site is broken in advance, gravels on the ground are removed, and a safety net is fully paved on the collapsed ground to prevent the chimney from being rigidly contacted with the ground when collapsed to cause over-long splashing.
In this embodiment, the size of the buffer wall 7 is: the height is 2.5m, the upper width is 2m, the lower width is 4m, and the length is 80m; eight buffer walls piled by soil are arranged on the ground in the collapse direction, the buffer walls are compacted layer by an excavator, the slope surface is compacted by a bucket, a layer of safety net and a layer of color cloth are paved on the buffer walls, and the buffer walls are firmly fixed by soil bags.
In this embodiment, vibration reduction grooves are dug around the two chimneys to further reduce the influence of vibration on the periphery. The size of the damping groove is as follows: 1.5m wide and 2m deep.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The chimney directional blasting demolition method is used for blasting demolition of two adjacent chimneys simultaneously, comprises a first chimney and a second chimney, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
s1, determining a collapse central line:
s1-1, determining an edge tangent point: laying a guide rail on one side of the first chimney, and erecting a laser on the guide rail; adjusting the emission angle of the laser to enable each point of the laser to be on the same horizontal line;
moving the laser and emitting laser, so that the laser is tangent to the two chimneys simultaneously, and marking each edge tangent point on the chimney wall of each chimney; the two edge tangent points of the first chimney are a and c, and the two edge tangent points of the second chimney are b and d;
s1-2, selecting a pay-off point: the unwrapping wire person holds the prism and moves at the intermediate position of two chimneys:
when the prism is superposed with the laser passing through the edge tangent points a and b, the position of the prism is a first paying-off point;
when the prism is superposed with the laser passing through the edge tangent points c and d, the position of the prism is a second paying-off point;
s1-3, determining the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at a first pay-off point, and measuring and calculating the linear distance of two pay-off points through a distance measuring function so as to determine the position of a middle point o; the position of the middle point o is the position of the collapse central line;
s1-4, checking the position of a collapse central line: erecting a total station at a midpoint o, marking at an intersection point of an angle bisector of the angle aoc and the first chimney, and marking a marked point as m; in the same way, marking the intersection point of the angular bisector of the ≤ bod and the second chimney, wherein the marked point is n;
connecting the marked points m and n with the center point o, judging that the position of a collapse center line of the two chimneys is correct when the angle mon is more than or equal to 179.5 degrees and less than or equal to 180 degrees, otherwise, repeating S1-1 to S1-3, and re-determining the position of the collapse center line;
s1-5, determining a collapse central line: marking collapsed center lines at the mark points m and n of the two chimneys respectively, and performing verticality calibration on the collapsed center lines through a vertical laser line in a laser level gauge;
s2, determining blasting cuts and blast holes:
s2-1, determining the position of a blasting notch: designing blasting cuts at the bottoms of the two chimneys by taking the collapsed central line as a reference line; detecting each point of the upper edge and the lower edge of the blasting notch by using a level gauge, and ensuring that each point is on the same horizontal line;
s2-2, opening a directional window: two ends of the blasting notch are provided with directional windows, and the rest parts are blasting parts; the directional windows are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the collapse central line; when the directional windows are cut, the directional windows of the two chimneys are ensured to be on the same elevation;
s2-3, determining and drilling blast holes: building a drilling platform on the outer side of the blasting part, marking the blast hole position on the blasting part according to the designed blasting parameters, and drilling after the hole depth is marked;
s3, cleaning peripheral obstacles: removing obstacles in the collapse direction of the chimney to be exploded, and transferring equipment influencing collapse, thereby providing preconditions for implementing directional collapse;
s4, taking safety protection measures: carrying out safety protection on nearby facility equipment through vibration reduction protection measures and flying stone prevention protection measures;
s5, charging and detonating: and manufacturing a blasting explosive package according to the single-hole explosive loading and the detonator section, filling the blasting hole with the blasting explosive package, connecting a blasting network and blasting the two chimneys simultaneously.
2. A chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, characterized in that in S2-1, a trapezoidal blasting cut is adopted, and the calculation formula of the length of the lower edge cut is: l =220/360 q pi D; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney;
the upper edge cut length calculation formula is: l =120/360 ℃πD; wherein D is the outer diameter of the chimney;
the calculation formula of the height of the blasting notch is as follows: h = (3 to 5) δ; wherein δ is the chimney wall thickness.
3. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, wherein in S2-3, after drilling, all blast holes need to be cleared and accepted one by one; wherein, the acceptance adopts three-level acceptance, namely, the primary inspection of a driller, the retest of a blaster and the drawing inspection of engineering technicians.
4. A chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, characterized in that in S2-3, a triangular directional window is used, the inclination of which is 23 °.
5. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the concrete steps of the vibration reduction protection measure are as follows:
s4-1a, stacking a buffer wall and an anti-impact dike: building a buffer wall by using soil piles at the expected collapse position of the chimney, and reducing the earthquake of the chimney when the chimney falls to the ground; building an anti-scour dike at the top of the expected collapse position of the chimney to prevent the top of the chimney from being damaged by rushing to the ground and protecting a front target in the collapse direction;
s4-1b, excavating a damping ditch: and the damping ditches are excavated around the collapse direction of the chimney, so that the influence of vibration on the periphery is further reduced.
6. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the concrete steps of the flying stone prevention protection measure are as follows:
s4-2a, coverage protection: the blasting body is covered and protected by a plurality of layers of safety nets and bone nets, and a plurality of iron wires are bound for fixation;
s4-2b, shielding protection: a protective bent is erected around the two chimneys, and a safety net is hung to shield fragments splashed from the ground;
s4-2c, active protection: and (4) independently building a protective frame for peripheral important protective facilities.
7. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 1, wherein in S5, when the blasting cartridge is filled in the blast hole, it is required to ensure that the filling is dense, and no void section or void section occurs.
8. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 7, wherein in S5, a manner of plugging blastholes is as follows: inserting 1 MS-3 detonator into the weighed single-hole explosive loading quantity, fixing the single-hole explosive loading quantity by using an adhesive tape, then placing an initiating explosive package into a blast hole drilled in advance, and initiating in a forward direction; the remaining bore portion of the unfilled charge was filled with clay stemming until the muzzle was filled.
9. The chimney directional blasting demolition method according to claim 8, wherein in S5, the connection manner of the priming network and the priming charge is as follows: each blast hole is provided with 1 non-electric MS-3 detonator, less than 20 detonating tubes led out from adjacent blast holes are clustered into a bundling handle, each bundling handle is connected with 2 non-electric MS-1 detonators, and the detonating tubes led out from each bundling handle are connected with a main detonating tube to form a compound closed detonating network.
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