CN114920594A - Method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the biogas residues, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry waste are mixed according to the proportion of (1-10): (1-10) mixing the raw materials (1-10) to obtain an initial compost matrix, controlling the water content of the initial compost matrix to be 50% -70%, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be (20-30):1, and controlling the mass ratio of the raw materials to be (50-60):1 adding lactobacillus bacteria liquid into the initial compost substrate, mixing and stirring uniformly, and aerating to start composting; (2) when the temperature of the compost matrix rises to be more than or equal to 50 ℃, adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost matrix is reduced to be less than or equal to 37 ℃, adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting, and controlling the total days of composting to be 18-20 days to obtain the fertilizer. The prepared fertilizer seeds have high germination index and good decomposition effect, can be reused for crop planting, are safe and effective, have no environmental risk, and realize comprehensive resource utilization of kitchen waste, biogas residues and agricultural and forestry wastes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid waste disposal and resource utilization, in particular to a method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues.
Background
With the rapid increase of economic level and the increase of living level year by year, the urbanization and industrialization have resulted in the excessive increase of human demand for energy, thereby increasing the production of solid waste around the world. The anaerobic digestion technology has obvious advantages in the aspects of waste recycling, clean energy production, pollutant emission reduction and the like. However, with the expansion of anaerobic digestion plants, a large amount of digestion residues, biogas residues, are produced. The biogas residue mainly consists of undecomposed organic wastes (such as cellulose, lignin and the like) and newly generated microbial thalli, is often accompanied by foul smell, contains pathogens, phytotoxins and excessive heavy metals, and can cause serious environmental problems. Because the water content of the biogas residues is high, the incineration consumes heat, the cost is high, leachate is leached out in the landfill to pollute underground water, if the leachate is used as a feed, a food chain enrichment effect can be generated, the food safety is threatened, and potential antibiotic resistance genes can also seriously influence the environment and harm public health. Meanwhile, the yield of the kitchen waste is also increased sharply, which is a global problem. Kitchen waste is an important component of municipal solid waste, and accounts for 30-60% of the total amount of Chinese solid waste, while the proportion is 12% in the United states, 23% in Japan, and 15-25% in Europe.
The research has been carried out by adding composite microbial inoculum into kitchen waste and biogas residues for co-composting, which not only can adjust the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials, but also can provide a large amount of degradable organic matters. However, the following problems exist: firstly, strain competition is easily caused between the composite microbial inoculum and the primary bacteria in the garbage and the biogas residues, so that the composting effect is poor; secondly, the compost is decomposed for too long time; and thirdly, greenhouse gases (such as nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide and methane) are discharged due to the degradation of organic matters in the composting process, so that carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization are not facilitated. Therefore, a method for co-composting and recycling biogas residue and kitchen waste with short composting time, good decomposition effect, low carbon and environmental protection needs to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) the biogas residues, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry waste are mixed according to the proportion of (1-10): (1-10) mixing the raw materials (1-10) to obtain an initial compost matrix, controlling the water content of the initial compost matrix to be 50% -70%, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be (20-30):1, and controlling the mass ratio of the raw materials to be (50-60):1, adding lactobacillus bacteria liquid into an initial compost substrate, mixing and stirring uniformly, and aerating to start composting;
(2) when the temperature of the compost matrix rises to be more than or equal to 50 ℃, adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost matrix is reduced to be less than or equal to 37 ℃, then adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting, and controlling the total days of composting to be 18-20 days to obtain the fertilizer.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the biogas residues, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry waste are mixed according to the proportion of 5-6:2-3: 3-4.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the biogas residue is residue obtained by treating solid waste by adopting a wet anaerobic technology, and the solid waste is any one or combination of kitchen waste, household waste and agricultural waste.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the agricultural and forestry waste comprises any one of straw, wood chips and fallen weed leaves or a combination thereof.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the water content of the compost substrate is 55-65%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio is (20-30): 1.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the Lactobacillus comprises any one or combination of Lactobacillus amylophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus casei.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the Geobacillus thermophilus comprises any one or combination of FJAT-43651, NJRC-14 and ATCC 7953.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the bacillus subtilis comprises any one or combination of CMCC 63501, SW-1 and ACCC 10719.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the lactobacillus liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated lactobacillus, inoculating to MRS culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, and aerobically culturing at 30-40 deg.C for 24-48h to obtain lactobacillus seed culture solution; inoculating lactobacillus seed culture solution into MRS culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and aerobically culturing at 30-40 deg.C for 24-48h to obtain lactobacillus liquid.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (1), the viable count of the added lactobacillus bacterial liquid is (0.1-1) multiplied by 10 6 CFU/g。
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the geobacillus thermophilus liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated geobacillus thermophilus, inoculating the activated geobacillus thermophilus into an LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing aerobic culture at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a geobacillus thermophilus seed culture solution, inoculating the geobacillus thermophilus seed culture solution into the LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and performing aerobic culture at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a geobacillus thermophilus liquid.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (2), the viable count of the added geobacillus thermophilus bacterial liquid is (0.1-1) multiplied by 10 6 CFU/g。
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation method of the bacillus subtilis liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated bacillus subtilis, inoculating the bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing aerobic culture at 40-60 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a bacillus subtilis seed culture solution, inoculating the bacillus subtilis seed culture solution to the LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and performing aerobic culture at 30-40 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a bacillus subtilis liquid.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step (2), the viable count of the added bacillus subtilis liquid is (0.1-1) × 10 6 CFU/g。
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the MRS culture medium comprises the following components: 1L of deionized water, 10.0-15.0g of peptone, 10.0-15.0g of beef extract, 5.0-7.0g of yeast extract, 2.0-2.5g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0-25.0g of glucose, 801 mL of Tween, 5.0-7.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0-2.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-0.6g of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3g of manganese sulfate and pH 6-7.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the LB culture medium comprises the following components: 1L of deionized water, 10.0-20.0g of tryptone, 5.0-10.0g of yeast extract, 10.0-20.0g of NaCl and 7.0 +/-0.5 of pH.
In the preferred technical scheme of the invention, the aerobic composting is carried out under aeration, and the aeration rate is 0.1-0.2 L.min -1 ·kg -1 Compost medium, preferably 0.15-0.2 L.min -1 ·kg -1 A compost substrate.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the compost is turned once every 1-2 days in the composting process.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer is reused for farmland crop planting.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the germination index of the seeds of the fertilizer is higher than 80%, preferably higher than 90%, and more preferably higher than 100%.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the ammonia nitrogen content of the fertilizer is lower than 500mg/kg, preferably lower than 400mg/kg, and more preferably lower than 200 mg/kg.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the pH of the fertilizer is 5.5-8.5, preferably 7-8.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biogenic index BIX of the fertilizer is greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2, more preferably greater than 1.4.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the humification index HIX of the fertilizer is greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 2.0, more preferably greater than 4.0.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the Chao index of the fertilizer is more than 500, preferably more than 600, and more preferably more than 650.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic matter content of the fertilizer is greater than 30%, preferably greater than 35%, and more preferably greater than 50%.
The invention also aims to provide a fertilizer prepared by co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertilizer is reused for planting agricultural crops.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the germination index of the seeds of the fertilizer is higher than 80%, preferably higher than 90%, and more preferably higher than 100%.
In the preferable technical scheme of the invention, the ammonia nitrogen content of the fertilizer is lower than 500mg/kg, preferably lower than 400mg/kg, and more preferably lower than 200 mg/kg.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the pH of the fertilizer is 5.5-8.5, preferably 7-8.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the biogenic index BIX of the fertilizer is greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 1.2, more preferably greater than 1.4.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the humification index HIX of the fertilizer is greater than 1.0, preferably greater than 2.0, more preferably greater than 4.0.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the Chao index of the fertilizer is more than 500, preferably more than 600, and more preferably more than 650.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the organic matter content of the fertilizer is greater than 30%, preferably greater than 35%, and more preferably greater than 50%.
The invention also aims to provide application of the fertilizer prepared by co-composting the kitchen waste and the biogas residues in crop planting.
Unless otherwise indicated, when the present invention relates to percentages between liquids, said percentages are volume/volume percentages; the invention relates to the percentage between liquid and solid, said percentage being volume/weight percentage; the invention relates to the percentages between solid and liquid, said percentages being weight/volume percentages; the balance being weight/weight percent.
Unless otherwise stated, the present invention employs the following detection methods to determine the substances in the feed:
1. seed germination index: radish seeds (uncoated) were selected for measurement according to the requirements of NY/T525-2021.
2. Ammonia nitrogen: the determination is carried out by adopting a potassium chloride solution extraction-indophenol blue method, wherein 1mol/L KCL solution is used for extracting an aerobic fermentation sample according to a liquid-solid ratio of 10:1 (volume: mass), a shaking table is used for shaking at room temperature at 100rpm for 1h, then centrifugation is carried out at 3000rpm, and the obtained supernatant is used for standby after being filtered by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane. Taking 10mL of to-be-detected membrane-passing supernatant into a 100mL colorimetric tube with a plug, adding 40mL of sodium nitroprusside-phenol color developing agent, fully mixing, standing for 15min, then adding 1.00mL of sodium dichloroisocyanurate color developing agent, fully mixing, standing at room temperature for at least 5h, and then detecting the absorbance value at the wavelength of 630nm by using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (taking water as reference). And (5) leading the measured absorbance value into a calibration curve which is made in advance, and calculating the ammonia nitrogen concentration by combining the dilution multiple.
3. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum (biogenic index BIX, humification index HIX): and (2) leaching an aerobic fermentation sample by using deionized water according to the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10 (mass: volume), shaking for 24 hours by using a shaking table at 150rpm, centrifuging by using a centrifuge at 4000rpm, taking supernate, passing the supernate through an organic microporous filter membrane of 0.45 mu m, diluting by 10-50 times by using the deionized water, and determining the DOC concentration in the liquid by using a TOC (total organic carbon) determinator. The membrane-passing clear solution remaining after the DOC measurement was diluted to a DOC concentration of 10mg/L, and then measured by a Nichii FL-2700 scan. The scanning parameters are: the lambda EX is 220-600nm, and the Scan interval is set to be 5 nm; λ EM was 220-600nm and Scan interval was set to 10 nm. The Scan speed was 12000nm/min, and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of the 0.45 μm film-treated deionized water measured under the same conditions was subtracted from the measurement results.
4. Microbial diversity (Chao index): the extraction of the genomic DNA was completed, and the extracted genomic DNA was detected by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Specific primers with barcode were synthesized according to the designated sequencing region. Mixing PCR products of the same sample, detecting by 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, cutting gel by using an AxyPrepDNA gel recovery kit (AXYGEN company) to recover the PCR products, and eluting with Tris-HCl; and (5) detecting by 2% agarose electrophoresis. Referring to the preliminary quantitative result of electrophoresis, the PCR product is subjected to QuantiFluor TM The ST blue fluorescence quantitative system (Promega corporation) performs detection and quantification, and then performs mixing according to the corresponding proportion according to the sequencing quantity requirement of each sample. And constructing a Miseq library, and sequencing the Miseq.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, kitchen waste, biogas residues and agricultural and forestry wastes are reasonably matched to be used as compost substrates, the compost composite microbial inoculum is scientifically screened and inoculated in stages, lactobacillus is inoculated in the initial stage of aerobic composting, geobacillus thermophilus is inoculated in the high-temperature stage of aerobic composting, and bacillus subtilis is inoculated in the cooling stage of aerobic composting, so that the synergistic effect is beneficial to improving the activity and temperature rise of microorganisms, the decomposition and humification degree of refractory organic matters is promoted, the formation of organic acids is promoted, the organic matters are beneficial to rapid stabilization and maturation, and the stably matured fertilizer is obtained within 18-20 days. The prepared fertilizer seeds have high germination index and good decomposition effect, meet the fertilizer standard, can be reused for crop planting, are safe and effective, have no environmental risk, and realize comprehensive resource utilization of kitchen waste, biogas residues and agricultural and forestry wastes.
(2) The invention has simple process, can be applied industrially, has low greenhouse gas yield in the composting process, and is beneficial to green energy conservation and emission reduction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 comparison of seed germination indices of fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3;
FIG. 2 comparison of the ammonia nitrogen concentrations of fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-3;
FIG. 3 comparison of the cumulative carbon dioxide emissions equivalent at the end of composting on day 18 for example 1 and comparative examples 1-3;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of the initial compost substrate, fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2, wherein (a) is the initial compost substrate, (b) is example 1, (c) is comparative example 1, and (d) is comparative example 2;
FIG. 5 comparison of the humification index and biogenic index of the initial compost substrate, the fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2;
FIG. 6 comparison of microbial diversity index of the fertilizers prepared from the initial compost substrate, example 1 and comparative examples 1-2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
In the research, the biogas residues are collected from residues obtained by treating the kitchen waste by a wet anaerobic technology in a certain waste treatment plant in Beijing, the kitchen waste is taken from a canteen of Beijing university of science and technology and ground by a grinder, and the components of the biogas residues and the kitchen waste are shown in Table 1 in detail. The wood chips are taken from wood processing plant waste. Mixing biogas residues, kitchen waste and wood chips according to the ratio of 6: 2: 3 to obtain an initial compost substrate with the water content of 61.0 percent and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 24.9.
TABLE 1
The Lactobacillus is commercially available Lactobacillus amylovorus CGMCC 1.3394.
The preparation method of the lactobacillus amylovorus liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated lactobacillus, inoculating the lactobacillus into a culture bottle filled with an MRS culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a seed culture solution; inoculating 1mL of seed culture solution into a new culture bottle, adding into 20mLMRS culture medium, and aerobically culturing at 37 deg.C for 24h to obtain lactobacillus liquid.
The MRS culture medium comprises: 10.0g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 1.5-1.5 mL of tween 801.0, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0-2.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate and 0.25g of manganese sulfate are added into per liter of deionized water, and the pH is adjusted to 6.2-6.6.
Geobacillus thermophilus is commercially available Geobacillus thermoeovorans FJAT-43651.
The preparation method of the geobacillus thermophilus liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated geobacillus thermophilus, inoculating the activated geobacillus thermophilus into a culture bottle filled with an LB (lysogeny broth) culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing at 60 ℃ for 48 hours to obtain a seed culture solution; and (3) inoculating 1mL of seed culture solution into a new culture bottle, adding 20mL of LB culture medium, and carrying out aerobic culture at 60 ℃ for 48h to obtain Geobacillus thermophilus bacterial solution.
The LB medium consisted of: 10.0g of tryptone, 5.0g of yeast extract and 10.0g of NaCl were added to each liter of deionized water, and the pH was adjusted to 7.0. + -. 0.5.
Bacillus subtilis is commercially available Bacillus subtilis CMCC (B) 63501.
The preparation method of the bacillus subtilis liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated bacillus subtilis, inoculating the activated bacillus subtilis into a culture bottle filled with an LB (lysogeny broth) culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing at 37 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain a seed culture solution; and (3) inoculating 1mL of seed culture solution into a new culture bottle, adding 20mL of LB culture medium, and carrying out aerobic culture at 37 ℃ for 24h to obtain the bacillus subtilis liquid.
Example 1
(1) Taking 1kg of initial compost substrate, adding viable count of 1 × 10 6 20g of CFU/g of Lactobacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting by the 0 th day of aerobic composting; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.15 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile 1 time every day;
(2) when the temperature of the compost substrate rises to 50 ℃, adding the viable count into the compost substrateIs 1 x 10 6 20g of CFU/g geophilous bacillus bacterial liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost substrate is reduced to 37 ℃, and then adding viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 10 into the compost substrate 6 And (3) 20g of CFU/g of bacillus subtilis liquid, uniformly stirring and mixing, and continuously composting until the 18 th day is finished to obtain the fertilizer. Through detection, all indexes of the fertilizer meet farmland recycling standards.
Example 2
(1) Taking 1kg of initial compost substrate, adding viable count of 1 × 10 5 20g of CFU/g of Lactobacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting by the 0 th day of aerobic composting; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.2 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile for 1 time every day;
(2) raising the temperature of the compost substrate to 50 ℃, and adding viable bacteria with the number of 5 multiplied by 10 into the compost substrate 6 20g of CFU/g geobacillus thermophilus bacterial liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost substrate is reduced to 37 ℃, and then adding 5 multiplied by 10 viable bacteria into the compost substrate 6 And (3) 20g of CFU/g bacillus subtilis liquid, uniformly stirring and mixing, and continuously composting until the 20 th day is finished to obtain the fertilizer. Through detection, all indexes of the fertilizer meet the farmland recycling standard.
Example 3
(1) Taking 1kg of initial compost substrate, adding viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 10 6 18g of CFU/g of Lactobacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting by the 0 th day of aerobic composting; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.1 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile for 1 time every day;
(2) when the temperature of the compost substrate rises to 50 ℃, the number of viable bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 6 18g of CFU/g Geobacillus thermophilus bacterial liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost substrate is reduced to 37 ℃, and then adding 1 multiplied by 10 viable bacteria into the compost substrate 6 And (3) 18g of CFU/g bacillus subtilis liquid, uniformly stirring and mixing, and continuously composting until the 20 th day is finished to obtain the fertilizer. Through detection, various indexes of the fertilizerMeets the farmland recycling standard.
Comparative example 1
(1) Taking 1kg of initial compost substrate, adding 20g of sterilized MRS culture medium, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting as aerobic composting day 0; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.15 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile for 1 time every day;
(2) and when the temperature of the compost substrate is increased to 50 ℃, adding 20g of sterilized LB culture medium into the compost substrate, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost substrate is reduced to 37 ℃, adding 20g of sterilized LB culture medium into the compost substrate, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously composting until the 18 th day is finished to obtain the fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
(1) Taking 1kg of initial compost substrate, and sequentially adding viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 10 6 20g of CFU/g of lactobacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid with viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 6 20g of CFU/g Geobacillus thermophilus bacterial liquid with viable count of 1 multiplied by 10 6 20g of CFU/g of bacillus subtilis liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting, wherein the number of days is 0 of aerobic composting; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.15 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile 1 time every day;
(2) and composting is finished till 18 days, and the fertilizer is obtained.
Comparative example 3
(1) 1kg of biogas residues are taken, and 1 multiplied by 10 viable bacteria are added 6 20g of CFU/g of Lactobacillus amyloliquefaciens liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, and starting composting by the 0 th day of aerobic composting; a blower is used for continuous aeration in the composting process, and the aeration rate is 0.15 L.min -1 ·kg -1 And manually turning the pile for 1 time every day;
(2) when the temperature of the compost substrate rises to 50 ℃, the number of viable bacteria is 1 multiplied by 10 6 20g of CFU/g geobacillus thermophilus bacterial liquid, stirring and mixing uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost substrate is reduced to 37 ℃, adding viable bacteria with the number of 1 multiplied by 10 into the compost substrate 6 CFU/g bacillus subtilis liquid 20g, stirring and mixing uniformly, and continuously composting until 18 days to obtain the fertilizer.
Test example 1
The seed Germination Index (GI) and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of the fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were measured, and the cumulative amount of carbon dioxide emission equivalents at the end of composting on day 18 were compared, and the results are shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3.
The three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, humification index, biogenic index, microbial diversity index of the initial compost substrate, the fertilizers prepared in example 1 and comparative examples 1-2 were examined, and the results are shown in fig. 4-6. Wherein figure 5 uses three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy to evaluate the structural characteristics and transformation process of the dissolved organic matter on compost days 0 and 18. There are five regions (I-V) including region I and region II (aromatic proteinaceous substances), region III (fulvic substances), region IV (microbial metabolic by-product substances) and region V (humic substances). At the end of composting, the fluorescence intensity of the zones II, III, IV and V of example 1 is stronger than that of the initial compost substrate, which shows that humic acid substances, protein substances and microbial metabolites are main components and the content is far higher than that of comparative examples 1-2.
The above description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications according to the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the biogas residues, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry waste are mixed according to the proportion of (1-10): (1-10) mixing the raw materials (1-10) to obtain an initial compost matrix, controlling the water content of the initial compost matrix to be 50% -70%, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio to be (20-30):1, and controlling the mass ratio of the raw materials to be (50-60):1 adding lactobacillus bacteria liquid into the initial compost substrate, mixing and stirring uniformly, and aerating to start composting;
(2) when the temperature of the compost matrix rises to be more than or equal to 50 ℃, adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting until the temperature of the compost matrix is reduced to be less than or equal to 37 ℃, then adding bacillus subtilis liquid into the compost matrix according to the material liquid mass ratio (50-60):1, mixing and stirring uniformly, continuously composting, and controlling the total days of composting to be 18-20 days to obtain the fertilizer.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the biogas residue, the kitchen waste and the agricultural and forestry waste are mixed according to a ratio of 5-6:2-3: 3-4. The biogas residue is residue obtained by treating solid waste by adopting a wet anaerobic technology, and the solid waste is any one or combination of kitchen waste, household waste, activated sludge, industrial waste and agricultural waste.
3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the method for preparing the lactobacillus liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated lactobacillus, inoculating to MRS culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, and aerobically culturing at 30-40 deg.C for 24-48h to obtain lactobacillus seed culture solution; inoculating lactobacillus seed culture solution into MRS culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and aerobically culturing at 30-40 deg.C for 24-48h to obtain lactobacillus bacterial solution.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for preparing the liquid of Geobacillus thermophilus comprises: activating refrigerated geobacillus thermophilus, inoculating the activated geobacillus thermophilus into an LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing aerobic culture at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a geobacillus thermophilus seed culture solution, inoculating the geobacillus thermophilus seed culture solution into the LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and performing aerobic culture at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a geobacillus thermophilus bacterial solution.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the preparation method of the Bacillus subtilis liquid comprises the following steps: activating refrigerated bacillus subtilis, inoculating the bacillus subtilis to an LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 5-10%, performing aerobic culture at 40-60 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a bacillus subtilis seed culture solution, inoculating the bacillus subtilis seed culture solution to the LB culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1-5%, and performing aerobic culture at 30-40 ℃ for 24-48h to obtain a bacillus subtilis liquid.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the MRS medium consists of: 1L of deionized water, 10.0-15.0g of peptone, 10.0-15.0g of beef extract, 5.0-7.0g of yeast extract, 2.0-2.5g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0-25.0g of glucose, 801 mL of Tween, 5.0-7.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0-2.5g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5-0.6g of magnesium sulfate, 0.2-0.3g of manganese sulfate and pH 6-7.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the LB medium consists of: 1L of deionized water, 10.0-20.0g of tryptone, 5.0-10.0g of yeast extract, 10.0-20.0g of NaCl and 7.0 +/-0.5 of pH.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the aerobic composting is carried out under aeration at an aeration rate of 0.1 to 0.2L-min -1 ·kg -1 Compost substrate, preferably 0.15-0.2 L.min -1 ·kg -1 A compost substrate.
9. The fertilizer prepared by the method for co-composting the kitchen waste and the biogas residue according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The use of a fertilizer prepared by a method for co-composting kitchen waste and biogas residue according to any one of claims 1 to 8 or a fertilizer according to claim 9 in crop cultivation.
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