CN114920314A - Full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment which comprises a fresh water generation part consisting of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, and a fresh water collection part consisting of a plurality of fresh water output pipes connected with the solar seawater desalination devices respectively and a fresh water recovery header pipe connected with the fresh water output pipes, wherein sensors used for detecting the liquid level of fresh water are arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices respectively, and a water pump and an electromagnetic valve used for controlling the output of the fresh water are arranged on each fresh water output pipe. The invention utilizes signals of the controller, the water pump, the electromagnetic valve, the liquid level sensor and the like to automatically control the rapid collection and the transportation of fresh water, can cope with the severe and changeable environmental change at sea, and realizes the purposes of industrial application and high-yield operation which can not carry out automation on sea water desalination in the field of sea water desalination at present.

Description

A fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to a fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment.

Background technique

With the expansion of human activities to the depths of the ocean, whether it is ocean shipping or island development, people urgently need to get rid of the shackles of relying on land freshwater supply, and are eager to obtain economical, efficient and concise access to human production activities and living activities directly from the ocean. With the intensification of international competition in the exploitation of marine resources, coupled with the intensification of international competition for territories such as oceans and reefs, marine desalination equipment and its technology have become an important support for countries to ensure future competitive advantages. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation technology has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry, which can realize eco-friendly, low-cost, safe, and electricity-independent desalination, and is considered to be an excellent choice for producing pure water , as one of the most promising ways to alleviate the looming freshwater shortage crisis. In order to solve the above problems, the solar interface evaporator based on photothermal evaporation technology has come out. Considering that the total amount of evaporated water is positively correlated with the evaporation rate, the pursuit of a high water evaporation rate has become a research hotspot for solar interfacial evaporation. In order to improve the evaporation rate and efficiency, people have been working on synthesizing efficient photothermal conversion materials and optimizing the functional structure of the evaporator. A variety of photothermal materials that can be applied to interface evaporation have been reported, but the optimization of photothermal materials can only improve the evaporation rate limitedly, making it close to the theoretical evaporation limit of two-dimensional (2D) planar evaporators (1.47 kg m- 2·h-1).

Because surface evaporation technology mainly makes full use of natural factors such as light, wind speed, air relative humidity and so on. If you want to increase the evaporation rate, there are only three methods in theory. One is to increase the temperature of the liquid. The higher the temperature, the faster the evaporation rate; the second is to speed up the air velocity on the water surface; the third is to increase the surface area of the evaporated liquid. The above three methods and the two methods are obviously unrealistic for the practical application of solar interface evaporation. By artificially heating or increasing the air flow rate, the investment and energy consumption will be extremely high, which is obviously unrealistic. Therefore, the water temperature can only be increased by means of sunlight. Relying on natural wind, it is difficult to increase the evaporation rate of seawater by the first two means. For the third method, increasing the surface area of liquid evaporation, seawater interface evaporation is surface evaporation, and the larger the area, the faster the natural evaporation rate, but the solar interface evaporator is proportional to the investment, and the solar interface evaporator cannot be infinite. . Through the analysis of the above problems, if the evaporation surface area of the interface evaporator can be improved by other means, it is a feasible way at present. The above-mentioned planar two-dimensional structure of the solar interface evaporator has a limited evaporation surface area, thus limiting the water evaporation efficiency. Therefore, on the basis of the previous planar structure interface evaporator, in order to break through the evaporation rate limit of the planar evaporator, the researchers designed a three-dimensional (3D) structure evaporator with a larger evaporation surface area. The specific techniques are as follows:

CN114314719 A provides a composite evaporation rod based on interface evaporation. The evaporation rod includes a light-to-heat conversion layer and a water supply layer, and the light-to-heat conversion layer wraps the water supply layer. Bottom water supply type evaporation rod: insert the composite evaporation rod into the water source to be treated, fix it on the water surface through the hole in the middle of the polystyrene foam, the bottom is immersed in the water supply, and continuously supply water to the light-to-heat conversion layer under the action of capillary. Top water supply type evaporation rod: put the water source to be treated into the water storage container on the top of the evaporation rod, so that it can supply water to the light-to-heat conversion layer under the action of capillary action and gravity. The evaporation flux of the composite evaporation rod proposed in this patent is much higher than the evaporation flux per unit area that can be achieved by conventional evaporation materials, and has the advantages of efficient evaporation, low cost and sustainability.

CN114506892 A discloses a photothermal interface evaporator and its preparation method and application. The photothermal interface evaporator includes: a base, the base is a hydrophilic base, and has a bearing surface, the bearing surface is the upper surface of a plurality of pointed protrusions distributed in an array; and a photothermal membrane, on the carrier surface. In the present invention, the total area of the bearing surface is controlled by a plurality of pointed protrusions distributed in an array, which can greatly reduce the contact area between the base and the photothermal film, and effectively reduce the heat conduction from the photothermal film to the base. Photothermal interface evaporator with low heat dissipation, high heat accumulation. Compared with conventional evaporators, the photothermal interface evaporator effectively suppresses heat dissipation, improves heat accumulation, improves the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of the photothermal interface evaporation system, and can increase the evaporation rate by 10-100%.

CN110065977A discloses an offshore floating thermal seawater desalination device and its desalination method, including a fixing device, a power generating device, an evaporating device and a connecting part. The steam extraction pump generates electricity. The steam extraction pump is located in the water vapor conduit. The upper part of the water vapor conduit is connected to the top of the transparent inflatable cover, the middle is installed with the condensation nucleus placement area, and the lower part is located inside the transparent steam cover. The bottom of the transparent steam cover is a porous heat absorbing plate. . The desalination method is to use the energy provided by solar energy and wind energy to evaporate seawater and drive water vapor to circulate and condense, and to collect evaporated water efficiently. The invention has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, and no occupation of land resources.

CN 103964525 B discloses a solar-powered seawater desalinator. The sea surface floating solar seawater desalinator is arranged on the sea level, and its technical scheme is as follows: the reflection condensation surface (4) is a non-planar structure and is installed on the bottom plate (8), and the surface of the reflection condensation surface (4) is coated with high reflectivity Coating, a fresh water outlet pipe (6) is arranged at the bottom of the reflection condensation surface (4); the support frame (2) is installed on the bottom plate (8) around the reflection condensation surface (4), and the support frame (2) is attached to the outside There is a hydrophilic porous material (3); the transparent film (1) is arranged on the top of the support frame (2), and the orthographic projection of the transparent film (1) covers the reflective condensation surface (4) and the bottom plate (8); on the bottom plate (8) A seawater inlet hole (7) is also provided, and the seawater inlet hole (7) is arranged on the outside of the fresh water outlet pipe (6), and is separated from the fresh water outlet pipe (6) by a baffle plate (5).

As disclosed above, various seawater desalinators and three-dimensional structure solar interface evaporator technologies, compared with traditional planar two-dimensional evaporators, greatly improve the evaporation rate due to the increased evaporation area, but the production cost is higher and the structure is higher. The complex environment has poor long-term stability and large overall maintenance, which is not suitable for large-scale applications. At present, most of the evaporators including the above-mentioned patented technologies do not consider the diffusion channel of steam, and a large amount of steam is stagnant inside the pores and cannot be diffused, which severely limits the evaporation rate. It is worth noting that the long-term stability of the evaporator in complex environments is the key to realizing the large-scale practical application of solar evaporation technology. For example, the excellent salt resistance of the evaporator is also an important factor determining the long-term stable evaporation of the evaporator. The existing seawater desalination equipment has a complex structure and cannot cope with the harsh and changeable environmental changes at sea. Most of them only stay in the experimental stage, and the desalinated seawater cannot be transported to the land in time, which is not suitable for industrial application, and desalination The efficiency is low, and the production capacity cannot be used for industrial large-scale desalination at all. Therefore, how to solve the problems of reducing cost, increasing light-to-heat conversion efficiency, improving water evaporation efficiency and salt tolerance, and realizing industrial application is an urgent problem to be solved for technicians in the field of seawater desalination and sewage treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a simple structure, realize the purpose of seawater desalination and freshwater collection automatically at sea, and have high photothermal conversion efficiency, stable and efficient water evaporation rate, excellent Fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment with excellent salt tolerance and large-scale application.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, including a freshwater generation part composed of several solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, and The freshwater collection part is composed of several freshwater output pipes connected with each solar seawater desalination device and a freshwater recovery main pipe connected with each freshwater output pipe. Sensors for detecting the freshwater level are respectively installed in the solar energy seawater desalination device. The fresh water output pipes are all provided with water pumps and solenoid valves for controlling the output of fresh water, and also include a controller, which is respectively connected with the sensor, the water pump and the solenoid valve through signals. The sealed box is composed of side plates, bottom plates and top plates made of transparent materials. A solar interface evaporator is arranged in the sealed box, and a condensation part is used to continuously evaporate seawater to form water vapor and then condense into droplets. , and a water storage tank for continuous collection of droplets, the water storage tank is connected with the fresh water output pipe, the condensation component is a condensation plate arranged on the top plate, and the condensation plate is directed downward from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the water storage tank Inclined above the water storage tank, the solar interface evaporator includes a heat insulation support plate fixed on the bottom plate, the heat insulation support plate has a lower surface in contact with the seawater surface and an upper surface corresponding to the lower surface. The upper surface of the heat-insulating support plate extends vertically upward and is provided with a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components with a large specific surface area with a porous or multi-gap structure for continuous evaporation of seawater, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components penetrate downwards. The lower surface and the bottom plate of the heat-insulating support plate extend below the seawater surface to form a water-conducting end for transferring seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporating components, and several columns are formed between the adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporating components for the rapid evaporation of steam. Diffusion guide channel, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is subjected to hydrophilic modification and photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting multiple strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is in a circular array on the heat insulation support plate, Rectangular array or irregular distribution.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the column-shaped three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle composed of several single fibers bundled together, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundles are arranged in an annular array on the heat insulation support plate, Rectangular array or irregular distribution.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the linear density of the yarn strip is 10-300tex, the diameter is 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips is 0.1-50mm, and the height is 0.1-50mm. 0.1cm-15cm.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is provided with a supporting ventilation component extending from the water guide end to the top direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency The supporting and ventilating component includes a cylinder with a steam diffusion channel, and along the axial direction of the cylinder, a plurality of steam guide holes for rapidly diffusing steam are opened on the cylinder wall of the cylinder.

For the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the preparation method of the solar interface evaporator includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of thermal insulation support plate and cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components:

(1), select the plate body made of material with heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface, spare;

(2), according to the actual needs, cut the plate body to obtain the heat insulation support plate, spare;

(3) Select multi-strand fibers to be twisted to form yarn strips or bundles of several single fibers to form tufted fiber bundles;

(4), fix a number of yarn strips or cluster structures on the heat insulation support plate in turn according to a certain interval distance, and extend downward through the heat insulation support plate;

(5), adjust the length of the yarn strips or tufted fiber bundles above and below the heat insulation support plate and the gap between adjacent yarn strips or tufted fiber bundles to obtain a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and a thermal insulation Three-dimensional fabric composed of support plates;

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(1), the three-dimensional fabric is cleaned with ethanol, the impurities on the surface of the fabric are removed, cleaned with distilled water and dried;

(2), dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in tris buffer and mixing evenly, react at room temperature for 24h, then soak the three-dimensional fabric;

(3), repeatedly wash the polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water;

(4) Dry the cleaned three-dimensional fabric with a blast drying oven at a drying temperature of 60-100°C and a drying time of 2-5h to achieve complete drying;

(5), obtain the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with cationic properties on the surface modified by dopamine/polyethyleneimine;

3. Deposition modification treatment of photothermal conversion layer:

The photothermal conversion material is deposited on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material.

The above-mentioned solar water desalination collection device based on the interface photothermal evaporation technology is characterized in that: the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of MXene solution:

(1), slowly add 2.5g MAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x powder to 50ml mixed solution formed by 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HCl, stir and react at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain a reaction solution ;

(2), the pH that the reaction solution is repeatedly centrifuged to supernatant with deionized water is 6-7;

(3), the gained precipitate is dispersed in deionized water and ultrasonically treated, and the supernatant is obtained by centrifugation again to obtain the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid whose volume percentage concentration is 0.5-20 mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:

The MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion are deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in step (5) by an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by a photothermal conversion material. The electrostatic assembly method For the coating method or the dipping method, the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, and the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in a dopamine-containing solution. A layer of dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric in the tris(hydroxymethylaminomethane) buffer solution of polyethyleneimine, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5 -2.5μm.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the weight ratio of the dopamine and polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentration is 0.5-3mg/mL, the trimethylolamino The pH of the methane buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5-1.5%.

In the above-mentioned fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the particle size of the MAX is 200-600 mesh, the temperature is 25-45°C, the reaction time is 12-30h, and the centrifugal speed is 1500-8500rpm, obtaining The concentration of the MXene nanosheet dispersion was 10 mg/mL.

The advantages of the fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment of the present invention are: by arranging a plurality of seawater desalination devices on the sea surface by using a main pipe and a plurality of branch pipes in series and parallel arrays, using a controller, a water pump, a solenoid valve and The liquid level sensor and other signals automatically control the rapid collection and transportation of fresh water. The overall structure is simple, and it can cope with the harsh and changeable environmental changes at sea. It realizes the industrial application of seawater desalination that cannot be automated in the current seawater desalination field and the purpose of high-capacity operations. Yarn vertical array structure 3D evaporator with multi-level pores modified by photothermal conversion material MXene and polydopamine/polyethyleneimine. The unique multi-level pores of the 3D vertical array evaporator can maximize light capture, while the abundant pore structure effectively increases the evaporation surface area and the steam escape space. In addition, the side temperature of the 3D evaporator is lower than the ambient temperature, which can further absorb energy from the environment. . In addition, the vertical arrangement of the evaporator leads to the formation of salt concentration and temperature gradients during the evaporation process, and the induced Marangoni effect can promote the flow of water, further improving its evaporation rate and energy conversion efficiency. Under the condition of 1 sunlight irradiation and no air convection, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional fabric 3D evaporator reaches a maximum of 3.95kg·m-2·h-1, and the outdoor evaporation for 8 consecutive hours reaches a maximum of 47.04kg·m-2. With sufficient diffusion under convection of 4m·s-1, the evaporation rate can be as high as 13.25kg·m-2·h-1. At the same time, under the effect of convection and diffusion promoted by this unique structure, even in 14% salt water, after 1 sunlight exposure for 120 h, the surface does not have any salt crystals, showing excellent salt resistance. At the same time, the core-shell structure formed by PDA/PE on the surface of the photothermal material ensures the stability and durability of the photothermal conversion material, which helps to promote the large-scale practical application of solar evaporators. The design of this vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator provides a new idea for developing sustainable, durable and scalable solar evaporation systems. The present invention is easy to prepare, high-efficiency, salt-resistant integrated three-dimensional array solar interface evaporator, reusable, low maintenance, does not occupy land resources, provides an effective method for solving the problem of water shortage, and greatly improves desalination efficiency and production capacity , suitable for industrial large-scale seawater desalination applications.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a top-view structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the structure of the solar seawater desalination device;

Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of the solar interface evaporator;

Fig. 4 is the electron microscope photos of the fibers in the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric before and after loading PDA/PEI and MXene;

Fig. 5 is the wettability test image of the light-to-heat conversion layer;

Fig. 6 is the light absorption performance spectra of vertical array three-dimensional fabrics before and after loading PDA/PEI and MXene;

FIG. 7 is an infrared thermal imaging diagram of the thermal conductivity of the vertical array three-dimensional fabric;

FIG. 8 is an infrared thermal imaging diagram of a vertical array three-dimensional fabric desalination process;

Fig. 9 is the evaporation rate comparison test chart of different yarn spacing and different heights;

Fig. 10 is the antibacterial pollution test diagram of vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

Fig. 11 is the test chart of the anti-oil pollution performance of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

Fig. 12 is the salt pollution resistance test chart of vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;

Figure 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a tufted fiber bundle in Example 4 of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the supporting ventilation member 12 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense, for example, "connected" may be a fixed connection It can also be a detachable connection or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a fully automatic sea surface floating solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment includes a freshwater generation part 19 composed of a number of solar seawater desalination devices 24 floating on the sea surface, and a The fresh water collection part 27 composed of a plurality of fresh water output pipes 25 connected to the sea water desalination device 24 and a fresh water recovery main pipe 26 connected to each fresh water output pipe 25 is provided with a sensor for detecting the fresh water level in the solar sea water desalination device 24, respectively. Each fresh water output pipe 25 is provided with a water pump and a solenoid valve for controlling the output of fresh water, and also includes a controller, which is respectively connected with the sensor, the water pump and the solenoid valve through signals. A fresh water storage tank 28 is connected to the fresh water recovery main pipe 26 , and a circuit control part such as a controller is arranged in the control box 29 . Since the solar desalination device 24 floats on the water surface, in order to control the position of the solar desalination device 24 not to be affected by the waves, floats can be provided around the fresh water generating part 19 to limit its moving position. The fresh water output pipe 25 is arranged above the water surface, and can be made of rust-proof and anti-corrosion polymer composite materials such as PVC pipes. The connection can be connected by a movable connector.

The solar seawater desalination device 24 includes a sealed box 18 composed of a side plate 16, a bottom plate 23 and a top plate 17 made of transparent material, and the transparent material can be glass or acrylic plate. The sealed box 18 is provided with a solar interface evaporator 20, a condensing part 21 for continuously evaporating seawater to form water vapor and then condensing into droplets, and a water storage tank 22 for continuously collecting droplets. The water tank 22 is connected with the fresh water output pipe, and the condensing component 21 is a condensing plate arranged on the inner wall of the top plate 17 . The side plate 16 constitutes a guide member for rapidly draining the droplets into the water storage tank 22 . The sealed box 18 is provided with a fully enclosed box-type structure composed of a side plate 16, a bottom plate 23 and a top plate 17. The top plate 17 and one of the side plates 16 are opened and closed by hinge rotation connection or plug connection, and the water storage tank 22 is arranged on the bottom plate. superior. In order to improve the stability of the solar seawater desalination device 24 on the sea surface, stabilizing plates 30 for increasing buoyancy and contact area are extended on both sides of the side plate 16. The stabilizing plates 30 can be made of materials with a density lower than that of water, including low High-strength porous structural materials, foamed plastics, foamed glass, rubber, etc., can both float on the water and play a counterweight effect.

In this embodiment, the condensing plate can be directly used as the top plate, which is made of glass or other transparent materials, and the water vapor is cooled and condensed at the condensing plate made of glass; in order to improve the collection speed, the bottom of the condensing plate can be coated with hydrophobic coating material, the condensed liquid water falls off naturally and is collected in the water storage tank 22. The condensed water droplets can be quickly drained into the water storage tank 22 through the drainage effect of the diversion component, and the temperature of the condensing plate can be reduced, and the water can be increased. Condensation efficiency of vapors. The purpose of arranging the sealing box 18 with a sealing structure is to efficiently utilize the heat generated by sunlight to evaporate seawater, and is separated from the outside by side plates 16 to avoid the escape of water vapor and reduce the heat exchange with the outside. Of course, as an improvement, ventilation holes can be opened on the side plate 16 or the top plate 17, so that the air can form a relative air circulation effect inside and outside the sealed box 18, and the evaporation rate can be further improved by increasing the air flow speed.

As shown in FIG. 3 , the solar interface evaporator 20 includes a heat insulating support plate 1 fixed on the bottom plate 23 . The heat insulating support plate 1 has a lower surface 2 that is in contact with the seawater surface and is arranged corresponding to the lower surface 2 The upper surface 3 of the upper surface 3, in this embodiment, a hole body with the same area as the heat insulation support plate 1 is opened in the bottom plate 23 in advance, and the heat insulation support plate 1 is embedded in the hole body of the bottom plate 23 and is sealed and fixedly connected with the bottom plate 23 to prevent seawater from flowing from the bottom plate 23. The inlaid slot enters above the bottom plate 23 . The thermal insulation support plate 1 is made of materials with thermal insulation properties and can float on the water surface. The materials can be selected from polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel, carpet base cloth, etc. Of course, according to the actual evaporation efficiency and bearing capacity, the thickness of the heat insulating support plate 1 can be arbitrarily adjusted as required. On the upper surface 3 of the heat-insulating support plate 1, a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 with a large specific surface area and a porous or multi-gap structure for continuous evaporation of seawater are arranged vertically upward, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 are downward Through the lower surface 2 and the bottom plate of the heat insulation support plate 1, a water guide end 5 for transferring seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part 4 is formed extending below the seawater surface, and formed between adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4. Several guide channels 6 for the rapid diffusion of steam. The diversion channel 6 can quickly diffuse a large amount of steam stagnant inside the pores, thereby increasing the evaporation rate.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a yarn strip 7 formed by twisting multiple strands of fibers, and the yarn strips 7 are distributed in a circular array, a rectangular array or irregularly distributed on the heat insulation support plate 1 . Several yarn strips 7 form a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the yarns of the yarn strips 7 are pure spinning or blended yarns such as cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, polyester, nylon, vinylon, acrylic, aramid, etc. The yarn strip 7 has a linear density of 10 tex, a diameter of 0.5 mm, a gap between adjacent yarn strips of 0.1 mm, and a height of 0.1 cm.

The specific preparation process is: twisting multiple strands of fibers into a roving, the structure of twisting the multiple strands of fibers to form a roving greatly increases the effective evaporation area, and the twist is set according to the actual evaporation efficiency and environmental conditions to ensure that the roving is soft. According to specific clearance requirements, the rovings are sequentially fixed on the array positions of the thermal insulation support plate 1 by sewing or weaving. 5. After fixing, cut the roving on the heat insulation support plate 1 according to the height requirement. The insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface and transfers moisture from the bottom of the roving to the top. By adopting a simple and effective sewing method to firmly weave the yarns on the thermal insulation support plate 1, a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable roving size and pores is formed.

In order to improve the light absorption performance, evaporation performance and anti-salt pollution performance of the yarn sliver 7, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is sequentially subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment, photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment, and surface anti-oxidation treatment. In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene. The MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion were deposited on the surface of the final hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by the electrostatic assembly method, and the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material was obtained. The final vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in a tris buffer containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and a dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric. That is, the anti-oxidation film, the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating layer is 1.5-2.5 μm, and the optimum thickness in this embodiment is 2 μm. The electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric. Through a scalable layer-by-layer self-assembly method, MXene with 100% photothermal conversion efficiency and a hydrophilic polydopamine/polyethyleneimine layer were formed in situ on the fiber surface to form "polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine ( PEI)-MXene-polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI)" sandwich microstructure. The sandwich microstructure can be understood as a three-layer film formed on the fiber surface. As shown in Figure 4, it is an electron microscope photo of the fibers that make up the yarn strips gradually modified, in which the fibers are hemp fibers as an example, picture a is the original untreated fiber, picture b is the fiber after PDA/PEI treatment, picture c is Fibers treated with PDA/PEI and MXene, Figure d shows fibers treated with PDA/PEI, MXene, and PDA/PEI. The first layer of film is a film formed by PDA/PEI, and a hydrophilic cation-modified film is formed on the surface of the fiber. At the same time, in order to better combine MXene on the surface of the fiber, the second layer of MXene is a photothermal conversion function, which absorbs sunlight and converts it. into heat. The film formed by the third layer of polydopamine (PDA)/polyethyleneimine (PEI) is to protect MXene and prevent MXene from falling off or oxidized; in addition, it plays the role of hydrophilic and water-conducting.

The preparation method of the solar interface evaporator of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1. Preparation of thermal insulation support plate and cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation components:

(1), select the plate body made of material with heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface, spare;

(2), according to the actual needs, cut the plate body to obtain the heat insulation support plate, spare;

(3), select multi-strand fibers to form yarn strips 7 by twisting;

(4), fix a plurality of yarn strips 7 on the heat insulation support plate 1 in turn according to a certain interval distance, and extend downward through the heat insulation support plate 1 to form the water guide end 5;

(5), adjust the length of the yarn strips 7 above and below the heat insulation support plate 1 and the gap between the adjacent yarn strips to obtain a three-dimensional fabric composed of a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 and the heat insulation support plate 1 ;

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(1), the three-dimensional fabric is cleaned with ethanol, the impurities on the surface of the fabric are removed, cleaned with distilled water and dried;

(2), dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in tris buffer and mixing evenly, react at room temperature for 24h, then soak the three-dimensional fabric;

(3), repeatedly wash the polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water;

(4), use the blast drying oven to dry the cleaned three-dimensional fabric, the drying temperature is 60°C, and the drying time is 2h to achieve complete drying;

(5), obtain the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with cationic properties on the surface modified by dopamine/polyethyleneimine;

3. Deposition modification treatment of photothermal conversion layer:

The photothermal conversion material is deposited on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material.

In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of MXene solution:

(1), slowly add 2.5g MAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x powder to 50ml mixed solution formed by 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HCl, stir and react at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain a reaction solution ;

(2), the pH that the reaction solution is repeatedly centrifuged to supernatant with deionized water is 6;

(3), the gained precipitation is dispersed in deionized water and sonicated, centrifuged again to get the supernatant, and the obtained volume percent concentration is the MXene nanosheet dispersion of 2mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:

The MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion are deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in step (5) by an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by a photothermal conversion material. The electrostatic assembly method For the coating method or the dipping method, the MXene content accounts for 1 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine and polyethyleneimine is 2:1, the concentration is 0.5 mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5%. The particle size of MAX was 200 mesh, the temperature was 25 °C, the reaction time was 12 h, and the centrifugal speed was 1500 rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion was 0.5 mg/mL. The photothermal conversion material can also be selected from graphene or carbon nanotubes, which can be selected according to the deposition method of different photothermal conversion materials.

In order to further improve the water conductivity and protect the hydrophilic modified film and the film formed by MXene, anti-oxidation treatment was performed on the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, and the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric was immersed in In the tris buffer containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating layer was formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating layer was 1.5 μm.

The excellent salt blocking performance of the present invention is attributed to the vertically arranged pores formed by the hydrophilic yarn frame, the pores are filled with seawater due to the wicking effect, and the salt solution always travels from the surface of the yarn with high salt concentration along the shortest path by diffusion and convection Delivery to low-salt-concentration brine. At the same time, the water flow velocity of the vertical pores between the yarns is higher than that of the small-diameter fiber channels, which causes faster salt exchange of the aqueous solution in the evaporator array, resulting in excellent salt tolerance. The invention only uses solar energy as a driving energy, does not need to consume other energy, and avoids the problem of regular maintenance and replacement of conventional interface evaporators, has the characteristics of portability, low price and high water evaporation efficiency, and can be stably applied to seawater desalination for a long time. , sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification.

As shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the fiber is hemp fiber as an example. The test performance of the solar seawater desalination device of the present invention is as follows:

1. Infiltration test

Contact angle test for water in air: Place the prepared MXene modified hemp yarn on a contact angle measuring instrument horizontally, and take 5 μL of water for measurement. The contact angle test and wetting process test of the MXene modified hemp yarn-based photothermal conversion material to water are shown in Figure 3. The evaporator is super-hydrophilic to water, and the entire infiltration process of water droplets on the surface of the evaporator is only 1 second.

2. Light absorption performance test

The MXene modified three-dimensional fabric-based photothermal conversion material was cut to a size of 2cm*2cm*1cm in length, width and height, and the light absorption performance in the wavelength range of 280-2500nm was tested by UV-vis-NIR ultraviolet spectrometer. The test results are shown in Figure 4. The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric (PDA/PEI-MXene-PDA/PEI) in wet state has an absorbance close to 97.5%, showing excellent light absorption.

3. Thermal conductivity test:

The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator (3 × 3 × 3 cm) was placed on a hot plate at 85 °C for 2.5 h. Monitor surface temperature changes in real time with an infrared thermal imager. The test results are shown in Figure 5. There is a temperature difference of 55 °C between the opposite surfaces. The temperature of the upper surface of the polystyrene foam is maintained at about 46 °C, while the temperature of the top surface of the evaporator is fixed at about 30 °C, which shows that the evaporator has a better performance. thermal insulation effect.

4. Thermal positioning performance test

The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator was placed in a beaker, and a xenon lamp was used to simulate a solar light source for illumination experiments, and an infrared thermal imager was used to monitor the temperature change of the evaporation surface in real time. The test results are shown in Figure 6: when 1 solar incident light hits the surface of the three-dimensional fabric floating on the water, the temperature of the top surface increases from 24°C to 33.9°C, compared to the bulk water temperature within 40 minutes Keep it off the table.

5. Evaporation performance test

The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator (yarn gap from large to small is defined as PP/M/PP-H-D1, PP/M/PP-H-D2, PP/M/PP-H-D3, respectively , PP/M/PP-H-D4), placed in a beaker with seawater, using a simulated solar light source to conduct illumination experiments, and using an electronic balance to monitor the changes in water evaporation quality in real time. The test results are shown in Figure 7. Under one sunlight irradiation without air convection, with the decrease of the macroporosity between the yarns, the evaporation rate first increases and then decreases. Among them, PP/M/PP-H -D2 has a maximum evaporation rate of 3.10 kg·m ^-2 ·h ^-1 . With the increase of the height of the evaporator, the water evaporation rate continued to increase, and the evaporation rate of the evaporator with a height of 8cm was as high as 3.95kg·m ^-2 ·h ^-1 .

6. Antibacterial pollution test:

Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabrics, respectively. As shown in Figure 8, cotton showed no antimicrobial activity. However, the antibacterial efficiencies of hemp fiber and PDA/PEI-modified hemp fiber were 49.3% and 53.2% against E. coli and 44.5% and 49.2% against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The antibacterial efficiency of MXene-modified hemp fibers against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reached 99.9%, indicating its excellent antibacterial properties.

7. Anti-oil pollution performance test:

The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator was placed in water, and n-hexane dyed with methyl red was rapidly sprayed onto the fiber surface, as shown in Figure 9, the n-hexane immediately escaped from the fiber surface without leaving any oil droplets, which proved that The excellent anti-oil pollution performance of the MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator. The water evaporation performance of the evaporator in soybean oil, diesel oil, and oil-in-water emulsions was tested. It can be seen that the amount of water evaporation changes linearly with time, which is almost equal to the evaporation rate of pure water.

8. Anti-salt pollution test:

The MXene-modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator was floated in a 14wt% NaCl solution and subjected to a continuous 120h evaporation test under one sunlight irradiation. As shown in Figure 10, no precipitated salt crystals were observed on the evaporator surface, and The evaporator surface temperature remains stable at all times.

Example 2:

The same parts of this embodiment and Embodiment 1 will not be repeated, and the differences are:

The yarn strip 7 has a linear density of 150 tex, a diameter of 4 mm, a gap between adjacent yarn strips of 25 mm, and a height of 8 cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating was 2 μm.

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(1), the three-dimensional fabric is cleaned with ethanol, the impurities on the surface of the fabric are removed, cleaned with distilled water and dried;

(2), dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in tris buffer and mixing evenly, react at room temperature for 24h, then soak the three-dimensional fabric;

(3), repeatedly wash the polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water;

(4) Dry the cleaned three-dimensional fabric with a blast drying oven at a drying temperature of 80°C and a drying time of 3.5h to achieve complete drying;

In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of MXene solution:

(1), slowly add 2.5g MAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x powder to 50ml mixed solution formed by 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HCl, stir and react at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain a reaction solution ;

(2), the pH that the reaction solution is centrifuged to supernatant with deionized water for many times is 6.5;

(3), the gained precipitation is dispersed in deionized water and ultrasonically treated, centrifuged again to get the supernatant liquid, and the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid whose volume percentage concentration is 8mg/ml is obtained;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:

The MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion are deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in step (5) by an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by a photothermal conversion material. The electrostatic assembly method For the coating method or the dipping method, the MXene content accounts for 10 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine and polyethyleneimine is 1:1, the concentration is 1.5 mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1%. The particle size of MAX was 350 mesh, the temperature was 37 °C, the reaction time was 21 h, and the centrifugal speed was 3500 rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion was 10 mg/mL.

Example 3:

The same parts of this embodiment and embodiment 1-2 will not be repeated, and the differences are:

The yarn strip 7 has a linear density of 300 tex, a diameter of 8 mm, a gap between adjacent yarn strips of 50 mm, and a height of 15 cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating was 2.5 μm.

2. Hydrophilic and cationic modification:

(1), the three-dimensional fabric is cleaned with ethanol, the impurities on the surface of the fabric are removed, cleaned with distilled water and dried;

(2), dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in tris buffer and mixing evenly, react at room temperature for 24h, then soak the three-dimensional fabric;

(3), repeatedly wash the polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by deionized water;

(4), the three-dimensional fabric after cleaning is dried by using a blast drying oven, the drying temperature is 100 ° C, and the drying time is 5h to achieve complete drying;

In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment includes the following steps:

1. Preparation of MXene solution:

(1), slowly add 2.5g MAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x powder to 50ml mixed solution formed by 3.0g LiF and 9mol/L HCl, stir and react at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain a reaction solution ;

(2), the pH that the reaction solution is repeatedly centrifuged to supernatant with deionized water is 7;

(3), the gained precipitation is dispersed in deionized water and sonicated, centrifuged again to get the supernatant, to obtain the MXene nanosheet dispersion that the volume percent concentration is 15mg/ml;

2. MXene modification of hydrophilic three-dimensional fabrics:

The MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion are deposited on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in step (5) by an electrostatic assembly method to obtain a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by a photothermal conversion material. The electrostatic assembly method For the coating method or the dipping method, the MXene content accounts for 20wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

The weight ratio of dopamine and polyethyleneimine is 1:2, the concentration is 3 mg/mL, the pH of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1.5%. The particle size of MAX was 600 mesh, the temperature was 45 °C, the reaction time was 30 h, and the centrifugal speed was 8500 rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion was 20 mg/mL.

Example 4:

The same part of this embodiment and embodiment 1-3 will not be repeated, and the difference is:

As shown in FIG. 13 , this embodiment provides another form of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component. The column-shaped three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle composed of several single fibers 8 bundled together, and several single fibers 8 form a fiber bundle. Limit bars 9 for constraining the overall shape of the fiber bundles are bound laterally at the top in turn, and the tufted fiber bundles are distributed in a circular array, a rectangular array or irregularly distributed on the heat insulating support plate 1 . The specific preparation process is as follows: several single fibers 8 are formed into fiber bundles, and then the fiber bundles are bound at one time through the limit bar 9. Because there are a large number of gaps 10 between the several single fibers 8 constituting the fiber bundle, and the ratio of the several single fibers 8 The surface area is huge, and the structure greatly increases the effective evaporation area. The number of single fibers 8 is set according to the actual evaporation efficiency and environmental conditions to ensure that the fiber bundles are soft. The degree of tightness determines the gap between the single fibers 8, so the tightness of the binding is also It can be flexibly adjusted according to actual needs. According to the specific gap requirements between the clustered fiber bundles, a number of fixing holes are punched on the heat insulation support plate 1, and the fiber bundles are fixed on the fixing holes of the heat insulation support plate 1 in turn. After the fiber bundles penetrate into the heat insulation support plate 1 And the fiber bundles located under the heat insulation support plate 1 form the water guide end 5, and after the fixing is completed, the fiber bundles on the heat insulation support plate 1 are cut according to the height requirements. The insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface 11 and transfers moisture from the bottom of the single fibers 8 to the top. By adopting a simple and effective sewing method to firmly weave the yarns on the heat-insulating support plate 1, a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable tuft-shaped fiber bundle sizes and pores is formed.

Example 5:

The same part of this embodiment and embodiment 1-4 will not be repeated, and the difference is:

As shown in Figure 14, in order to spread a large amount of steam stagnant inside the pores to the outside more quickly, to further increase the evaporation rate, and to enable the evaporator to adapt to various complex humidity, temperature and other environments, a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is provided. There is a support ventilation part 12 for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency, which extends from the water guide end 5 through the heat insulation support plate 1 and extends toward the top of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part 4. The support ventilation part 12 includes a steam diffusion channel 13. The cylindrical body 14 is provided with a number of steam guide holes 15 for rapidly diffusing steam on the cylindrical wall of the cylindrical body 14 along the axis direction of the cylindrical body 14 . The cylinder 14 is arranged at the center of the yarn sliver 7 or the tufted fiber bundle, and also plays a role in stabilizing the upright shape of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 .

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects to be exemplary rather than restrictive, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the All changes that come within the meaning and range of the claimed equivalents are encompassed within the invention. Any reference signs in the claims shall not be construed as limiting the involved claim.

Of course, the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art, within the essential scope of the present invention, make changes, modifications, additions or substitutions, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment is characterized in that: the solar seawater desalination device comprises a fresh water generating part consisting of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, a fresh water collecting part consisting of a plurality of fresh water output pipes respectively connected with the solar seawater desalination devices and a fresh water recovery header pipe connected with the fresh water output pipes, wherein sensors for detecting the liquid level of the fresh water are respectively arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices, a water pump and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the output of the fresh water are respectively arranged on each fresh water output pipe, the solar seawater desalination device also comprises a controller, the controller is respectively connected with the sensors, the water pump and the electromagnetic valve through signals, the solar seawater desalination device comprises a sealed box body which can float on the sea surface and consists of a side plate, a bottom plate and a top plate made of transparent materials, a solar interface evaporator and a condensing part for condensing the seawater into liquid drops after continuously evaporating the seawater into vapor, and a water storage tank for continuously collecting liquid drops, wherein the water storage tank is connected with a fresh water output pipe, the condensing part is a condensing plate arranged on the top plate, the condensing plate is downwards inclined from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the direction of the water storage tank and is arranged above the water storage tank, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate fixed on the bottom plate, the heat insulation supporting plate is provided with a lower surface contacted with the surface of seawater and an upper surface arranged corresponding to the lower surface, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate upwards and vertically extends to form a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts with large specific surface area and porous or multi-gap structures, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts downwards penetrate through the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate and the bottom plate to extend to the position below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end for transmitting the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, a plurality of flow guide channels for quickly diffusing steam are formed between adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts are subjected to hydrophilic modification and photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment.

2. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.

3. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation support plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.

4. The fully-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the yarn strips have the linear density of 10-300tex, the diameter of 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips of 0.1-50mm and the height of 0.1-15 cm.

5. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the steam diffusion device is characterized in that a supporting and ventilating component which extends from a water guide end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting and ventilating component comprises a barrel body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guide holes used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the barrel wall of the barrel body along the axis direction of the barrel body.

6. The fully-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing a heat insulation support plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part:

(1) selecting a plate body which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for later use;

(2) cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat insulation support plate for later use;

(3) twisting multiple strands of fibers to form yarns or binding a plurality of single fibers to form a cluster-shaped fiber bundle;

(4) sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn line or cluster-shaped structural bodies on the heat insulation supporting plate according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate to extend downwards;

(5) adjusting the lengths of the yarn strips or the cluster-shaped fiber bundles above and below the heat-insulation supporting plate and the gaps between the adjacent yarn strips or the cluster-shaped fiber bundles to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and the heat-insulation supporting plate;

II, hydrophilic modification and cationic modification:

(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;

(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;

(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;

(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a forced air drying oven at the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5h to achieve complete drying;

(5) obtaining a dopamine/polyethyleneimine modified hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with a cationic surface;

thirdly, deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer:

and depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the photothermal conversion material modified vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric.

7. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer comprises the following steps:

firstly, preparing MXene solution:

(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;

(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6-7;

(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 0.5-20 mg/ml;

and secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:

and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.

8. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and carrying out anti-oxidation treatment on the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, immersing the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric in a trihydroxymethyl aminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and forming a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 mu m.

9. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentration of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 0.5-3mg/mL, the pH value of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction of the tris buffer solution is 0.5-1.5%.

10. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the MAX particle size is 200-45 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugation speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 10 mg/mL.

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