CN114920314A - Full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment - Google Patents

Full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment Download PDF

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CN114920314A
CN114920314A CN202210743585.0A CN202210743585A CN114920314A CN 114920314 A CN114920314 A CN 114920314A CN 202210743585 A CN202210743585 A CN 202210743585A CN 114920314 A CN114920314 A CN 114920314A
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seawater desalination
water
dimensional
fresh water
evaporation
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CN114920314B (en
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张宪胜
王莉莉
曲丽君
李萌
于少囡
管家宁
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Qingdao University
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Qingdao University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment which comprises a fresh water generation part consisting of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, and a fresh water collection part consisting of a plurality of fresh water output pipes connected with the solar seawater desalination devices respectively and a fresh water recovery header pipe connected with the fresh water output pipes, wherein sensors used for detecting the liquid level of fresh water are arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices respectively, and a water pump and an electromagnetic valve used for controlling the output of the fresh water are arranged on each fresh water output pipe. The invention utilizes signals of the controller, the water pump, the electromagnetic valve, the liquid level sensor and the like to automatically control the rapid collection and the transportation of fresh water, can cope with the severe and changeable environmental change at sea, and realizes the purposes of industrial application and high-yield operation which can not carry out automation on sea water desalination in the field of sea water desalination at present.

Description

Full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seawater desalination, in particular to full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment.
Background
With the expansion of human activities to the deep ocean, no matter ocean shipping or sea island development, people are urgently required to get rid of the constraint of fresh water supply on land, and people are eagerly, effectively and simply to directly obtain fresh water required by human production activities and living activities from the ocean; with the aggravation of international competition of ocean resource exploitation activities and the more fierce international competition of the oceans, skerries and the like, the offshore seawater desalination equipment and the technology thereof become important supports for ensuring future competitive advantages of all countries. In recent years, solar-driven interfacial water evaporation has attracted extensive attention in academia and industry, which can achieve eco-friendly, low-cost, safe, power-independent desalination of seawater, and is considered as an excellent choice for producing pure water, becoming one of the most promising approaches to alleviate the imminent crisis of fresh water shortage. In order to solve the above problems, a solar interface evaporator based on a photothermal evaporation technology is known. Considering that the total amount of water to be evaporated is directly related to the evaporation rate, the pursuit of high water evaporation rate has become a hot point of research on solar interface evaporation. In order to improve the evaporation rate and efficiency, people always strive to synthesize efficient photothermal conversion materials and optimize the functional structure of the evaporator. Various photothermal materials applicable to interfacial evaporation have been reported, but optimization of photothermal materials only increases the evaporation rate to a limited extent, approaching the theoretical evaporation limit of a two-dimensional (2D) planar evaporator (1.47kg · m-2 · h-1).
The surface evaporation technology mainly makes full use of natural factors such as illumination, wind speed, air relative humidity and the like. If the evaporation speed is to be increased, theoretically, only three means can be used, namely, the liquid temperature is increased, and the evaporation speed is increased as the temperature is higher; secondly, accelerating the air flow rate on the water surface; thirdly, the surface area of the evaporated liquid is increased. For practical application of solar interface evaporation, the two modes heat or increase the air flow rate artificially, so that investment and energy consumption are extremely high, and the method is obviously unrealistic, so that the water temperature can be increased only by sunshine and natural wind is relied on, and the evaporation speed of seawater is difficult to increase by the two modes. For the third way, to increase the surface area for liquid evaporation, seawater interface evaporation is surface evaporation, the larger the area the faster the natural evaporation rate, but solar interface evaporators are proportional to the investment and cannot be infinite. By analyzing the above problems, it is currently feasible to increase the evaporation surface area of an interfacial evaporator by other means. The solar interface evaporator with the plane two-dimensional structure has limited evaporation surface area, so that the water evaporation efficiency is limited. Therefore, on the basis of the prior plane structure interface evaporator, in order to break through the evaporation rate limit of the plane evaporator, researchers design a three-dimensional (3D) structure evaporator with a larger evaporation surface area, and the specific technology is as follows:
CN 114314719A provides a composite evaporation rod based on interfacial evaporation, which comprises a photothermal conversion layer and a water supply layer, wherein the photothermal conversion layer wraps the water supply layer. Bottom water supply type evaporating stick: the composite evaporation rod is inserted into a water source to be treated, is fixed on the water surface through a hole in the middle of polystyrene foam, and the bottom of the composite evaporation rod is immersed in water supply to continuously supply water to the photothermal conversion layer under the capillary action. Top water supply type evaporation bar: and (3) filling a water source to be treated into a water storage container at the top of the evaporation rod, and supplying water to the photothermal conversion layer under the capillary action and the gravity action. The evaporation flux of the composite evaporation rod provided by the patent is far higher than that of the conventional evaporation material in the unit occupied area, and the composite evaporation rod has the advantages of high-efficiency evaporation, low cost and sustainability.
CN 114506892A discloses a photo-thermal interface evaporator, a preparation method and an application thereof. The photothermal interface evaporator comprises: the device comprises a base, a first fixing device and a second fixing device, wherein the base is a hydrophilic base and is provided with a bearing surface, and the bearing surface is the upper surface of a plurality of pointed bulges distributed in an array; and a photothermal film located on the bearing surface. The invention controls the total area of the bearing surface by the plurality of pointed bulges distributed in an array, can greatly reduce the contact area between the base and the photothermal film, effectively reduce the heat conduction from the photothermal film to the base, and form the photothermal interface evaporator with low heat dissipation and high heat accumulation. Compared with the conventional evaporator, the photo-thermal interface evaporator effectively inhibits heat dissipation, improves heat accumulation, improves the evaporation rate and energy efficiency of a photo-thermal interface evaporation system, and can improve the evaporation rate by 10-100%.
CN110065977A discloses a sea floating heat method sea water desalination device and a sea water desalination method, the sea floating heat method sea water desalination device comprises a fixing device, a power generation device, an evaporation device and a connecting part, the bottom of the device is a floating ring, a wind power generation device and a solar power generation device are placed on the floating ring and used for power generation of a steam air pump, the steam air pump is located in a steam guide pipe, the upper portion of the steam guide pipe is connected to the top end of a transparent inflatable cover, a condensation nucleus placing area is installed in the middle of the steam guide pipe, the lower portion of the steam guide pipe is located inside a transparent steam cover, and a porous heat absorption plate is arranged at the bottom of the transparent steam cover. The desalination method is to evaporate seawater and drive water vapor to circularly condense by using energy provided by solar energy and wind energy, and to efficiently collect evaporated water. The invention has the advantages of high efficiency, environmental protection, no land resource occupation and the like.
CN 103964525B discloses a solar seawater desalination device. The floating solar sea water desalter set on sea level has the technological scheme as follows: the reflection condensation surface (4) is of a non-planar structure and is arranged on the bottom plate (8), the surface of the reflection condensation surface (4) is plated with a high-reflectivity coating, and the bottom of the reflection condensation surface (4) is provided with a fresh water outlet pipe (6); the support frame (2) is arranged on the bottom plate (8) around the reflection condensing surface (4), and the hydrophilic porous material (3) is attached to the outside of the support frame (2); the transparent film (1) is arranged at the top of the support frame (2), and the orthographic projection of the transparent film (1) covers the reflection condensing surface (4) and the bottom plate (8); the bottom plate (8) is also provided with a seawater inlet hole (7), and the seawater inlet hole (7) is arranged on the outer side of the fresh water outlet pipe (6) and separated from the fresh water outlet pipe (6) by a water baffle (5).
Compared with the traditional planar two-dimensional evaporator, the solar interface evaporator technology with various seawater desalters and three-dimensional structures increases the evaporation area, thereby greatly improving the evaporation speed, but has higher manufacturing cost, complex structure, poor long-term stability in complex environment and larger overall maintenance amount, and is not suitable for large-scale application. Most of the evaporators including the above patent technologies do not consider the diffusion path of the vapor, and a large amount of vapor stays in the pores and cannot diffuse, thereby severely limiting the evaporation rate. It is noted that the long-term stability of the evaporator in a complex environment is a key to realizing the large-scale practical application of the solar evaporation technology, for example, the excellent salt resistance of the evaporator is also an important factor for determining the long-term stable evaporation of the evaporator. The existing seawater desalination equipment has a complex structure, cannot cope with severe and variable environmental changes on the sea, mostly only stays in an experimental stage, and desalinated seawater cannot be timely conveyed to land, so that the existing seawater desalination equipment is not suitable for industrial application, has low desalination efficiency, and can not be used for industrial large-scale seawater desalination at all. Therefore, how to solve the problems of reducing the cost, increasing the photothermal conversion efficiency, improving the water evaporation efficiency, improving the salt tolerance and the like, and realizing the industrial application is a difficult problem which puzzles the technical personnel in the field of seawater desalination and sewage treatment and needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment which has a simple structure, realizes the purposes of sea surface automatic seawater desalination and fresh water collection, and has the characteristics of high-efficiency photothermal conversion efficiency, stable and high-efficiency water evaporation rate, excellent salt tolerance, large-scale application and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated device comprises a fresh water generating part consisting of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, a fresh water collecting part consisting of a plurality of fresh water output pipes connected with the solar seawater desalination devices respectively and a fresh water recovery header pipe connected with the fresh water output pipes, wherein sensors used for detecting the liquid level of fresh water are arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices respectively, a water pump and an electromagnetic valve used for controlling the output of the fresh water are arranged on each fresh water output pipe, the device also comprises a controller, the controller is connected with the sensors, the water pump and the electromagnetic valve respectively through signals, the solar seawater desalination devices comprise a sealed box body consisting of a side plate, a bottom plate and a top plate which are made of transparent materials and can float on the sea surface, and a solar interface evaporator is arranged in the sealed box body, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate fixed on a bottom plate, the heat insulation supporting plate is provided with a lower surface contacted with the surface of seawater and an upper surface arranged corresponding to the lower surface, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate upwards extends vertically and is provided with a plurality of columnar three-dimensional evaporation parts with large specific surface area and porous or multi-gap structures, the columnar three-dimensional evaporation parts downwards penetrate through the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate and the bottom plate to extend below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end for transmitting the seawater to the columnar three-dimensional evaporation parts, a plurality of flow guide channels for quickly diffusing steam are formed between adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts are subjected to hydrophilic modification and photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment.
In the above full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is in an annular array, a rectangular array or irregular distribution on the heat insulation support plate.
In the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers, and the cluster fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.
According to the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the linear density of the yarn strips is 10-300tex, the diameter of the yarn strips is 0.5-8mm, the gap between every two adjacent yarn strips is 0.1-50mm, and the height of the yarn strips is 0.1-15 cm.
According to the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the supporting and ventilating component which extends from the water guiding end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting and ventilating component comprises a cylinder body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guiding holes used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the cylinder wall of the cylinder body along the axis direction of the cylinder body.
In the above full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a heat insulation support plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component:
(1) selecting a plate body which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for later use;
(2) cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat insulation support plate for later use;
(3) twisting multiple strands of fibers to form yarn strips or binding a plurality of single fibers to form a cluster-shaped fiber bundle;
(4) sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn line or cluster-shaped structural bodies on the heat insulation supporting plate according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating the heat insulation supporting plate to extend downwards;
(5) adjusting the lengths of yarn strips or tufted fiber bundles above and below the heat insulation support plate and the gaps between adjacent yarn strips or tufted fiber bundles to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and the heat insulation support plate;
II, hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;
(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;
(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5h to achieve complete drying;
(5) obtaining a dopamine/polyethyleneimine modified hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with a cationic surface;
thirdly, deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer:
and depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the photothermal conversion material modified vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric.
The solar seawater desalination and collection device based on the interface photothermal evaporation technology is characterized in that: the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing MXene solution:
(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;
(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6-7;
(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 0.5-20 mg/ml;
secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:
and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
According to the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in the trimethylolaminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 micrometers.
According to the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentrations are 0.5-3mg/mL respectively, the pH value of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5-1.5%.
According to the full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment, the MAX particle size is 200-45 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugation speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 10 mg/mL.
The full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment has the advantages that: the seawater desalination device is arranged on the sea surface in an array manner that the header pipe and the branch pipes are connected in series and in parallel, and the fresh water is automatically and quickly collected and conveyed by signals such as the controller, the water pump, the electromagnetic valve and the liquid level sensor, so that the whole structure is simple, severe and variable environmental changes at sea can be dealt with, and the purposes of industrial application and high-energy operation which cannot be automatically carried out on seawater desalination in the existing seawater desalination field are achieved. The three-dimensional (3D) evaporator is in a yarn vertical array structure with multistage pores and is modified by using a photothermal conversion material MXene and polydopamine/polyethyleneimine. The unique multistage aperture of 3D vertical array evaporimeter can furthest realize light capture, and abundant aperture structure has effectively increased evaporation surface area and steam escape space simultaneously, and 3D evaporimeter side temperature is less than ambient temperature in addition, can further absorb energy from the environment. In addition, the vertical arrangement structure of the evaporator causes the evaporator to form salt concentration and temperature gradient in the evaporation process, and the Marangoni effect induced by the evaporator can promote the flow of water, thereby further improving the evaporation rate and the energy conversion efficiency of the evaporator. Under the conditions of 1 sunlight irradiation and no air convection, the evaporation rate of the three-dimensional fabric 3D evaporator reaches 3.95 kg.m < -2 >. h < -1 > at most, the evaporation capacity of the three-dimensional fabric reaches 47.04 kg.m < -2 > at most after 8 hours of outdoor continuous, the three-dimensional fabric is fully diffused under 4 m.s < -1 > convection, and the evaporation rate can reach 13.25 kg.m < -2 >. h < -1 >. Meanwhile, under the convection and diffusion effects promoted by the unique structure, even in 14% saline water, the surface does not have any salt crystal under the irradiation of 1 sun for 120h, and excellent salt resistance is shown. Meanwhile, the core-shell structure formed by the PDA/PE on the surface of the photo-thermal material ensures the stability and durability of the photo-thermal conversion material, and is beneficial to promoting the large-scale practical application of the solar evaporator. The design of the vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator provides a new idea for developing a sustainable, durable and extensible solar evaporation system. The integrated three-dimensional array type solar interface evaporator is easy to prepare, high in efficiency and salt-resistant, can be repeatedly used, is small in maintenance amount, does not occupy land resources, provides an effective method for solving the problem of water resource shortage, greatly improves the desalination efficiency and the productivity, and is suitable for industrial large-scale seawater desalination application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of the structure of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the solar seawater desalination plant;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of the solar interface evaporator;
FIG. 4 is an electron microscope photograph before and after fiber loading PDA/PEI and MXene in the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 5 is a wettability test image of a photothermal conversion layer;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the light absorption spectra before and after loading PDA/PEI and MXene on a vertical array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 7 is a graph of thermal conductivity infrared thermal imaging of a vertical array volumetric web;
FIG. 8 is an infrared thermal imaging diagram of a vertical array three-dimensional fabric seawater desalination process;
FIG. 9 is a comparative test chart of evaporation rates for different yarn spacings and different heights;
FIG. 10 is an anti-microbial contamination test chart of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 11 is a graph of oil stain resistance test of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 12 is a salt contamination resistance test chart of a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the structure of a tufted fiber bundle according to example 4 of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of the air-permeable member 12 of example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a full-automatic floating-type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment on sea surface comprises a fresh water generation part 19 composed of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices 24 floating on sea surface, and a fresh water collection part 27 composed of a plurality of fresh water output pipes 25 respectively connected with the solar seawater desalination devices 24 and a fresh water recovery header pipe 26 connected with the fresh water output pipes 25, wherein sensors for detecting the liquid level of fresh water are respectively arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices 24, and each fresh water output pipe 25 is provided with a water pump and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the output of fresh water, and the equipment also comprises a controller which is respectively connected with the sensors, the water pumps and the electromagnetic valves through signals. The fresh water recovery header pipe 26 is connected to a fresh water storage tank 28, and circuit control sections such as a controller are provided in a control tank 29. Since the solar seawater desalination apparatus 24 is operated while floating on the water surface, in order to control the position of the solar seawater desalination apparatus 24 not to be affected by the waves, floats may be provided around the fresh water generating part 19 to restrict the position of movement thereof. The fresh water output pipe 25 is arranged above the water surface and can be made of antirust and anticorrosive polymer composite materials such as PVC pipes, and in order to avoid the joint of the fresh water output pipe 25 and the solar seawater desalination device 24 from being broken and separated due to the influence of sea waves, the joint can be connected by a movable connecting piece.
The solar seawater desalination device 24 comprises a sealed box 18 composed of a side plate 16, a bottom plate 23 and a top plate 17 which are made of transparent materials, wherein the transparent materials can be glass or acrylic plates. Be equipped with a solar energy interface evaporator 20 in this sealed box 18, a condensing part 21 that is used for condensing into the liquid drop behind the sea water continuous evaporation formation vapor to and a aqua storage tank 22 that is used for carrying out the collection in succession to the liquid drop, aqua storage tank 22 and fresh water output tube are connected, condensing part 21 is for locating the condensation plate on roof 17 inner wall, 22 tops of aqua storage tank are located to the downward sloping of aqua storage tank 22 direction from solar energy interface evaporator 20 one end to the condensation plate, the condensation plate constitutes a water conservancy diversion part that is used for getting into the aqua storage tank 22 with the liquid drop fast drainage with curb plate 16. The sealed box body 18 is provided with a totally-enclosed box body type structure consisting of side plates 16, a bottom plate 23 and a top plate 17, the top plate 17 and one side plate 16 are opened and closed in a hinge rotation connection or insertion connection mode, and the water storage tank 22 is arranged on the bottom plate. In order to improve the stability of the solar seawater desalination device 24 on the sea surface, stabilizing plates 30 for increasing buoyancy and contact area are extended from two sides of the side plates 16, and the stabilizing plates 30 can be made of materials with density less than that of water, including low-density and high-strength porous structural materials, foamed plastics, foamed glass, rubber and the like, and can float on the water surface and play a role in balancing weight.
In the embodiment, the condensation plate can be directly used by the top plate, is made of glass or other transparent materials, and the water vapor is cooled and condensed at the condensation plate made of glass; in order to improve the collection speed, the bottom of the condensation plate can be coated with a hydrophobic material, condensed liquid water naturally falls off and is collected in the water storage tank 22, and the condensed water drops can be quickly drained into the water storage tank 22 under the drainage action of the flow guide part, so that the temperature of the condensation plate can be reduced, and the condensation efficiency of water vapor is improved. The purpose of the sealed box 18 with a sealed structure is to evaporate seawater by efficiently utilizing heat generated by sunlight, and the periphery of the sealed box is separated from the outside by the side plates 16, so that water vapor is prevented from escaping, and heat exchange with the outside is reduced. Of course, as an improvement, ventilation holes may be formed on the side plate 16 or the top plate 17, so that air can form a relative air circulation effect inside and outside the sealed box 18, and the evaporation rate is further increased by increasing the air flow speed.
As shown in fig. 3, the solar interface evaporator 20 includes a heat insulation support plate 1 fixed on a bottom plate 23, the heat insulation support plate 1 has a lower surface 2 contacting with the surface of seawater and an upper surface 3 corresponding to the lower surface 2, in this embodiment, a hole body having the same area as that of the heat insulation support plate 1 is formed in the bottom plate 23 in advance, and the heat insulation support plate 1 is embedded in the hole body of the bottom plate 23 and is fixedly connected with the bottom plate 23 in a sealing manner, so as to prevent seawater from entering the upper side of the bottom plate 23 from the embedded gap. The heat insulation support plate 1 is made of a material which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface, wherein the material can be selected from polystyrene foam, sponge, aerogel, carpet base cloth and the like, and the thickness is 0.5-3 cm. Of course, the thickness of the heat-insulating support plate 1 can be arbitrarily adjusted as required according to the actual evaporation efficiency and the bearing capacity. A plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 with large specific surface area and a porous or multi-gap structure for continuously evaporating seawater extend upwards and vertically from the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation support plate 1, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4 downwards penetrate through the lower surface 2 and the bottom plate of the heat insulation support plate 1 and extend to the position below the seawater surface to form a water guide end 5 for conveying seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4, and a plurality of flow guide channels 6 for rapidly diffusing steam are formed between the adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts 4. The flow guide channel 6 can rapidly diffuse a large amount of steam stagnated in the pore space, and the evaporation rate is improved.
In this embodiment, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 is a yarn strip 7 formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip 7 is distributed on the heat insulation support plate 1 in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution. The yarn strips 7 form a vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, the yarns of the yarn strips 7 are pure or blended yarns of cotton, hemp, viscose, wool, terylene, chinlon, vinylon, acrylon, aramid fiber and the like, the linear density of the yarn strips 7 is 10tex, the diameter of the yarn strips is 0.5mm, the gap between every two adjacent yarn strips is 0.1mm, and the height of the yarn strips is 0.1 cm.
The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: make roving with stranded fibre through the twisting, the structure greatly increased effectual evaporation area that stranded fibre twisting formed the roving, the twist is set for according to actual evaporation efficiency and environmental condition, ensures that the roving is soft. According to the specific clearance requirement, fix the roving in proper order on the array position of thermal-insulated backup pad 1 through the mode of sewing or weaving, the roving penetrates behind the thermal-insulated backup pad 1 and is located the yarn formation of thermal-insulated backup pad 1 below and leads water end 5, cuts the roving in thermal-insulated backup pad 1 according to the altitude requirement after finishing fixedly. The insulating support plate 1 floats on the water surface and transfers the water from the bottom of the roving to the top. The yarns are firmly woven on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method, so that the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable roving size and pores is formed.
In order to improve the light absorption performance, the evaporation performance and the salt contamination resistance of the yarns 7, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 is subjected to hydrophilic modification treatment, photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment and surface oxidation prevention treatment in this order. In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene. And depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material. The vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric finally obtained is immersed in a tris buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer, namely an anti-oxidation film, is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 micrometers, and the optimal thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 2 micrometers. The electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric. MXene and hydrophilic polydopamine/polyethyleneimine layers with 100% of photothermal conversion efficiency are subjected to in-situ formation of a 'Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) -MXene-Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI)' sandwich type microstructure on the fiber surface by an extensible layer-by-layer self-assembly method. A sandwich microstructure is understood to be a three-layer film formed on the surface of the fibres. FIG. 4 shows an electron microscope photograph of fibers constituting a yarn, wherein the fibers are fibrilia, a is original untreated fibers, b is fibers treated with PDA/PEI, c is fibers treated with PDA/PEI and MXene, and d is fibers treated with PDA/PEI, MXene and PDA/PEI. The first film is formed by PDA/PEI, a hydrophilic cation modified film is formed on the surface of the fiber, and the second MXene is used for better combining MXene on the surface of the fiber, and absorbs sunlight and converts the sunlight into heat. The third layer of Polydopamine (PDA)/Polyethyleneimine (PEI) film is used for protecting MXene and preventing MXene from falling off or oxidizing; in addition, the function of hydrophilic water guiding is achieved.
The preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a heat insulation support plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component:
(1) selecting a plate body which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for later use;
(2) cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat insulation support plate for later use;
(3) twisting multiple strands of fibers to form a yarn 7;
(4) sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn strips 7 on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 at certain intervals, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to extend downwards to form a water guide end 5;
(5) adjusting the lengths of yarn strips 7 above and below the heat-insulating support plate 1 and the gaps between adjacent yarn strips to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component 4 and the heat-insulating support plate 1;
II, hydrophilic modification and cationic modification:
(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;
(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;
(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ for 2 hours to achieve complete drying;
(5) obtaining a dopamine/polyethyleneimine modified hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with a cationic surface;
thirdly, deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer:
and depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the photothermal conversion material modified vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric.
In this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer includes the following steps:
firstly, preparing MXene solution:
(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;
(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6;
(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with the volume percentage concentration of 2 mg/ml;
secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:
and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method, so as to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or an impregnation method, and the MXene content accounts for 1 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 2:1, the concentrations are respectively 0.5mg/mL, the pH value of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 0.5%. The particle size of MAX is 200 meshes, the temperature is 25 ℃, the reaction time is 12h, the centrifugation speed is 1500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 0.5 mg/mL. The photothermal conversion material can also be selected from graphene or carbon nanotubes, and the photothermal conversion material can be selectively realized according to deposition methods of different photothermal conversion materials.
In order to further improve the water guide performance and protect the hydrophilic modified membrane and the membrane formed by MXene, the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material is subjected to anti-oxidation treatment, the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric is immersed in a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is formed on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, and the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5 microns.
The excellent salt-blocking performance of the present invention is attributed to the vertically aligned pores formed by the hydrophilic yarn framework, and the salt solution is always transported from the surface of the yarn with high salt concentration to the salt water with low salt concentration along the shortest path by diffusion and convection due to the fact that the pores are filled with seawater due to the wicking effect. Meanwhile, the water flow speed of vertical pores among the yarns is higher than that of small-pore-diameter fiber pore canals, so that the water solution in the evaporator array is subjected to faster salt exchange, and the salt resistance is excellent. The invention only uses solar energy as driving energy, does not need to consume other energy, simultaneously avoids the problem that the conventional interface evaporator needs to be regularly maintained and replaced, has the characteristics of portability, low price, high water evaporation efficiency and the like, and can be stably applied to seawater desalination, sewage treatment and outdoor drinking water purification for a long time.
As shown in fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the fiber is fibrilia, and the test performance of the solar seawater desalination apparatus of the present invention is as follows:
1. wettability test
Contact angle test for water in air: the prepared MXene modified hemp yarn is horizontally placed on a contact angle measuring instrument, and 5 mu L of water is taken for measurement. The contact angle test and the wetting process test of the MXene modified linen yarn-based photothermal conversion material to water are shown in FIG. 3. The evaporator appears to be super hydrophilic to water, and the whole wetting process of water drops on the surface of the evaporator is only 1 second.
2. Light absorption Performance test
The MXene modified three-dimensional fabric based photothermal conversion material is cut into the dimensions of 2cm, 2cm and 1cm in length, width and height, and the light absorption performance within the wavelength range of 280-2500nm is tested by using a UV-vis-NIR ultraviolet spectrometer. The test results are shown in fig. 4. The absorbance of the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric (PDA/PEI-MXene-PDA/PEI) in a wet state is close to 97.5%, and the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric shows excellent light absorption.
3. Testing the heat conduction performance:
an MXene modified vertical array dimensional fabric evaporator (3X 3cm) was placed on a hot plate at 85 ℃ for 2.5 h. And monitoring the surface temperature change in real time by using an infrared thermal imager. The test results are shown in fig. 5, showing a temperature difference of 55 c between the opposite surfaces, the upper surface temperature of the styrofoam being maintained at about 46 c, and the top surface temperature of the evaporator being fixed at about 30 c, indicating that the evaporator has a good heat insulation effect.
4. Hot set performance test
The MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is placed in a beaker, a xenon lamp is used for simulating a solar light source to perform an illumination experiment, and an infrared thermal imager is used for monitoring the temperature change of the evaporation surface in real time. The test results are shown in fig. 6: when 1 incident sun light was shone on the surface of the three-dimensional fabric floating on water, the temperature of the top surface increased from 24 ℃ to 33.9 ℃, compared to bulk water which remained unhealthy for 40 minutes.
5. Test for Evaporation Properties
Placing MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator (yarn gap defined as PP/M/PP-H-D1, PP/M/PP-H-D2, PP/M/PP-H-D3 and PP/M/PP-H-D4 from large to small) in a beaker filled with seawater, and moldingThe simulated solar light source is used for carrying out an illumination experiment, and the electronic balance is used for monitoring the evaporation mass change of the water body in real time. The test results are shown in FIG. 7, where the evaporation rate is increased and then decreased with decreasing macroporosity between the yarns under 1 sun exposure without air convection, and the PP/M/PP-H-D2 has a maximum evaporation rate of 3.10kg M -2 ·h -1 . As the height of the evaporator increases, the water evaporation rate of the evaporator continuously increases, and the evaporation rate of the evaporator with the height of 8cm is as high as 3.95 kg-m -2 ·h -1 。
6. And (3) antibacterial pollution test:
the antibacterial property of the MXene modified vertical array dimensional fabric was evaluated using escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus, respectively. As shown in fig. 8, cotton did not exhibit antibacterial activity. However, the antibacterial efficiency of the hemp fiber and PDA/PEI modified hemp fiber against Escherichia coli was 49.3% and 53.2%, respectively, and against Staphylococcus aureus was 44.5% and 49.2%. The antibacterial efficiency of the MXene modified fibrilia on escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus reaches 99.9%, which shows that the fibrilia has excellent antibacterial performance.
7. And (3) testing the oil pollution resistance:
the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is placed in water, n-hexane dyed by methyl red is rapidly sprayed to the surface of the fiber, as shown in figure 9, the n-hexane immediately escapes from the surface of the fiber without leaving any oil drops, and the excellent oil pollution resistance of the MXene modified vertical array three-dimensional fabric evaporator is proved. The water evaporation performance of the evaporator in soybean oil, diesel oil and engine oil water-in-water emulsion is tested, and it can be seen that the water evaporation amount is linearly changed along with time and almost equal to the evaporation rate of pure water.
8. Salt contamination resistance test:
the MXene modified vertical array cubic fabric evaporator was floated in a 14 wt% NaCl solution and subjected to evaporation test for 120 hours continuously under one sun light irradiation, as shown in FIG. 10, no precipitated salt crystals were observed on the surface of the evaporator, and the surface temperature of the evaporator was kept stable all the time.
Example 2:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiment 1 are not described again, and the differences are as follows:
the threads 7 had a linear density of 150tex, a diameter of 4mm, a gap of 25mm between adjacent threads and a height of 8 cm. The dopamine/polyethyleneimine coating was 2 μm thick.
II, hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;
(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;
(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a blast drying oven at the drying temperature of 80 ℃ for 3.5 hours to achieve complete drying;
in this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer includes the following steps:
firstly, preparing MXene solution:
(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;
(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6.5;
(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 8 mg/ml;
and secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:
and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 10 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 1:1, the concentrations are 1.5mg/mL respectively, the pH value of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1%. The particle size of MAX is 350 meshes, the temperature is 37 ℃, the reaction time is 21h, the centrifugation speed is 3500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 10 mg/mL.
Example 3:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1-2 are not described again, but the differences are:
the threads 7 had a linear density of 300tex and a diameter of 8mm, the gaps between adjacent threads were 50mm and a height of 15 cm. The thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer was 2.5 μm.
II, hydrophilic and cationic modification:
(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;
(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitate on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;
(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a forced air drying oven at the drying temperature of 100 ℃ for 5 hours to achieve complete drying;
in this embodiment, the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer includes the following steps:
firstly, preparing MXene solution:
(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;
(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 7;
(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 15 mg/ml;
and secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:
and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
The weight ratio of dopamine to polyethyleneimine is 1:2, the concentrations are respectively 3mg/mL, the pH value of the tris buffer is 8.5, and the mass fraction is 1.5%. The particle size of MAX is 600 meshes, the temperature is 45 ℃, the reaction time is 30h, the centrifugation speed is 8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid is 20 mg/mL.
Example 4:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1 to 3 are not described again, but the differences are as follows:
as shown in fig. 13, the present embodiment provides another form of the cylindrical solid evaporation member. The cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part 4 is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers 8, the plurality of single fibers 8 form the fiber bundle, a limiting strip 9 for restraining the overall shape of the fiber bundle is sequentially and transversely bound from the upper surface 3 of the heat insulation supporting plate 1 to the top of the single fibers 8 along the length direction of the plurality of single fibers 8, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate 1 in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: constitute the tow with a plurality of single fiber 8, then once carry out the tow ligature through spacing 9, because there are a large amount of clearances 10 between a plurality of single fiber 8 of constituteing the tow, and the specific surface area of a plurality of single fiber 8 is huge, this structure greatly increased effectual evaporation area, the quantity of single fiber 8 is set for according to actual evaporation efficiency and environmental condition, ensure that the tow is soft, the elasticity degree decides the clearance between the single fiber 8, consequently the elasticity of ligature also can be adjusted according to actual need is nimble. According to the specific gap requirement among the cluster-shaped fiber bundles, a plurality of fixing holes are punched in the heat insulation support plate 1, the fiber bundles are sequentially fixed in the fixing holes of the heat insulation support plate 1, the fiber bundles penetrate into the heat insulation support plate 1 and then are positioned below the heat insulation support plate 1 to form a water guide end 5, and after the fiber bundles are fixed, the fiber bundles on the heat insulation support plate 1 are cut according to the height requirement. The insulated support panels 1 float on the water surface 11 and transport water from the bottom to the top of the individual fibers 8. The yarns are firmly woven on the heat insulation support plate 1 by adopting a simple and effective sewing method to form the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric with adjustable cluster-shaped fiber bundle size and pores.
Example 5:
the same parts of this embodiment as those of embodiments 1 to 4 are not described again, but the differences are as follows:
as shown in fig. 14, in order to diffuse a large amount of steam stagnated inside the pores outward more quickly and further increase the evaporation rate, so that the evaporator can adapt to various complicated environments such as humidity, temperature, etc., a supporting and ventilating member 12 extending from the water guiding end 5 through the heat insulating support plate 1 toward the top end of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4 for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation member 4, the supporting and ventilating member 12 comprises a cylinder 14 having a steam diffusion channel 13, and a plurality of steam guiding holes 15 for diffusing steam quickly are opened on the wall of the cylinder 14 along the axial direction of the cylinder 14. The cylindrical body 14 is provided at the center of the yarn 7 or the tufted fiber bundle, and also serves to stabilize the upright shape of the cylindrical stereoscopic evaporation member 4.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A full-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment is characterized in that: the solar seawater desalination device comprises a fresh water generating part consisting of a plurality of solar seawater desalination devices floating on the sea surface, a fresh water collecting part consisting of a plurality of fresh water output pipes respectively connected with the solar seawater desalination devices and a fresh water recovery header pipe connected with the fresh water output pipes, wherein sensors for detecting the liquid level of the fresh water are respectively arranged in the solar seawater desalination devices, a water pump and an electromagnetic valve for controlling the output of the fresh water are respectively arranged on each fresh water output pipe, the solar seawater desalination device also comprises a controller, the controller is respectively connected with the sensors, the water pump and the electromagnetic valve through signals, the solar seawater desalination device comprises a sealed box body which can float on the sea surface and consists of a side plate, a bottom plate and a top plate made of transparent materials, a solar interface evaporator and a condensing part for condensing the seawater into liquid drops after continuously evaporating the seawater into vapor, and a water storage tank for continuously collecting liquid drops, wherein the water storage tank is connected with a fresh water output pipe, the condensing part is a condensing plate arranged on the top plate, the condensing plate is downwards inclined from one end of the solar interface evaporator to the direction of the water storage tank and is arranged above the water storage tank, the solar interface evaporator comprises a heat insulation supporting plate fixed on the bottom plate, the heat insulation supporting plate is provided with a lower surface contacted with the surface of seawater and an upper surface arranged corresponding to the lower surface, the upper surface of the heat insulation supporting plate upwards and vertically extends to form a plurality of cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts with large specific surface area and porous or multi-gap structures, the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts downwards penetrate through the lower surface of the heat insulation supporting plate and the bottom plate to extend to the position below the surface of the seawater to form a water guide end for transmitting the seawater to the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, a plurality of flow guide channels for quickly diffusing steam are formed between adjacent cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts, and the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation parts are subjected to hydrophilic modification and photothermal conversion layer deposition modification treatment.
2. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a yarn strip formed by twisting a plurality of strands of fibers, and the yarn strip is distributed on the heat insulation supporting plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.
3. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component is a cluster-shaped fiber bundle formed by binding a plurality of single fibers, and the cluster-shaped fiber bundle is distributed on the heat insulation support plate in an annular array, a rectangular array or an irregular distribution.
4. The fully-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the yarn strips have the linear density of 10-300tex, the diameter of 0.5-8mm, the gap between adjacent yarn strips of 0.1-50mm and the height of 0.1-15 cm.
5. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the steam diffusion device is characterized in that a supporting and ventilating component which extends from a water guide end to the top end direction of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and is used for enhancing the steam diffusion efficiency is arranged in the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component, the supporting and ventilating component comprises a barrel body with a steam diffusion channel, and a plurality of steam guide holes used for rapidly diffusing steam are formed in the barrel wall of the barrel body along the axis direction of the barrel body.
6. The fully-automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the preparation method of the solar interface evaporator comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing a heat insulation support plate and a cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation part:
(1) selecting a plate body which has heat insulation performance and can float on the water surface for later use;
(2) cutting the plate body according to actual needs to obtain a heat insulation support plate for later use;
(3) twisting multiple strands of fibers to form yarns or binding a plurality of single fibers to form a cluster-shaped fiber bundle;
(4) sequentially fixing a plurality of yarn line or cluster-shaped structural bodies on the heat insulation supporting plate according to a certain interval distance, and penetrating through the heat insulation supporting plate to extend downwards;
(5) adjusting the lengths of the yarn strips or the cluster-shaped fiber bundles above and below the heat-insulation supporting plate and the gaps between the adjacent yarn strips or the cluster-shaped fiber bundles to obtain a three-dimensional fabric consisting of the cylindrical three-dimensional evaporation component and the heat-insulation supporting plate;
II, hydrophilic modification and cationic modification:
(1) cleaning the three-dimensional fabric with ethanol, removing impurities on the surface of the fabric, cleaning with distilled water and drying;
(2) dissolving dopamine and polyethyleneimine in a tris buffer solution, uniformly mixing, reacting at room temperature for 24 hours, and then soaking the three-dimensional fabric;
(3) repeatedly cleaning polydopamine/polyethyleneimine precipitates on the surface of the fabric by using deionized water;
(4) drying the cleaned three-dimensional fabric by using a forced air drying oven at the drying temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 2-5h to achieve complete drying;
(5) obtaining a dopamine/polyethyleneimine modified hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric with a cationic surface;
thirdly, deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer:
and depositing the photothermal conversion material on the surface of the finally obtained hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the photothermal conversion material modified vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric.
7. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the photothermal conversion material is MXene, and the deposition modification treatment of the photothermal conversion layer comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing MXene solution:
(1) 2.5gMAX phase precursor Ti 3 C 2 T x Slowly adding the powder into 50ml of mixed solution formed by 3.0g of LiF and 9mol/L of HCl, and stirring and reacting at constant temperature in a polytetrafluoroethylene beaker to obtain reaction solution;
(2) centrifuging the reaction solution for many times by using deionized water until the pH value of the supernatant is 6-7;
(3) dispersing the obtained precipitate in deionized water, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, centrifuging again, and taking supernatant to obtain MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid with volume percentage concentration of 0.5-20 mg/ml;
and secondly, MXene modification of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric:
and (3) depositing the MXene nanosheets in the MXene nanosheet dispersion liquid on the surface of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric finally obtained in the step (5) by using an electrostatic assembly method to obtain the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, wherein the electrostatic assembly method is a coating method or a dipping method, and the MXene content accounts for 1-20 wt% of the hydrophilic three-dimensional fabric.
8. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: and carrying out anti-oxidation treatment on the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric modified by the photothermal conversion material, immersing the finally obtained vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric in a trihydroxymethyl aminomethane buffer solution containing dopamine and polyethyleneimine, and forming a dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer on the surface of the vertical yarn array three-dimensional fabric, wherein the thickness of the dopamine/polyethyleneimine wrapping layer is 1.5-2.5 mu m.
9. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the weight ratio of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 2:1-1:2, the concentration of the dopamine to the polyethyleneimine is 0.5-3mg/mL, the pH value of the tris buffer solution is 8.5, and the mass fraction of the tris buffer solution is 0.5-1.5%.
10. The fully automatic sea surface floating type solar seawater desalination-collection integrated equipment as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the MAX particle size is 200-45 meshes, the temperature is 25-45 ℃, the reaction time is 12-30h, the centrifugation speed is 1500-8500rpm, and the concentration of the obtained MXene nanosheet dispersion is 10 mg/mL.
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