CN114919045A

CN114919045A - Preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain

Info

Publication number: CN114919045A
Application number: CN202210707738.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李新一; 韩蕊
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2022-04-14
Filing date: 2022-06-22
Publication date: 2022-08-19
Also published as: CN114589796A

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic preparation processes and equipment, in particular to a preparation process of underglaze five-color carved ceramic. The method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following operation steps: (1) biscuit firing; (2) colored drawing; (3) glazing; (4) calcining at high temperature; (5) engraving porcelain; (6) and (7) applying color. The invention not only can combine two artistic forms of Zibo carved porcelain and carignan underglazed five-color, and perfectly and transgressively fuse the modesty ancient porcelain and the underglazed five-color, so that a new process expression method is generated; in addition, the applicant also designs a set of automatic engraving machine which can fix the porcelain through a porcelain fixing frame, and on the basis of manual engraving, certain details need to be subjected to point engraving and rendering and then assisted by an automatic engraving device to be subjected to fine engraving, so that the working intensity of workers is reduced, and the quality of finished products is improved.

Description

Preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic preparation processes and equipment, in particular to a preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain.

Background

The porcelain carving art has a long history, is one of excellent modeling arts of Chinese nationalities like painting, calligraphy and seal cutting, and has a unique art style. Is a unique national traditional process in China. Her art of carved porcelain originated from the golden, Qinhhan and Jade peeling in the times and weeks of the New Stone instruments. With the increasingly fine ceramic technology, not only is the ceramic used as a product, but also the civilians and ink visitors are collected as appreciation products, poetry and inscription are given on the ceramic, and in order to preserve handwriting, people carve the ceramic by diamonds, which is the earliest carved ceramic. Clear Qianlong emperor (1737-1795) love porcelain , write to Happy, the famous porcelain enjoyed is often endowed with poem inscription on it, so that the jade at the office in the Ming Dynasty acts on diamond engraving, thus generating the early-stage porcelain engraving in China.

The carved porcelain art is a comprehensive art integrating calligraphy, painting and seal cutting into a whole and is completely operated manually, and the carved porcelain art is characterized in that exquisite porcelain is used as a carrier, and is carved on porcelain which is sintered at high temperature and has a solid and crisp texture and is bright like a mirror. The porcelain carving artists carve colorful artistic images on the fired porcelain by means of a special diamond and alloy steel cutter and by means of deep painting and calligraphy works and elegant color skills. The engraving process is that firstly, the porcelain engraving artist applies art according to the shape characteristics of the ceramic ware. Firstly, ink or books or pictures are made on the porcelain to make an ink draft, then, the ink draft is carved and chipped, and finally, colors are coated on the carved picture according to the design. The carving process can be performed by carving, carving and engraving thousands of strands of characters, landscape, flowers, birds, worms and fish, calligraphy and seal cutting. The second is 'draft-removing' porcelain carving, which directly carves according to the chest design with a knife without firstly drawing ink draft. This technique has high comprehensive quality requirements for artists. Therefore, the Zibo carving porcelain art engraves the charm of calligraphy and the artistic conception of painting on porcelain, shows the beauty of an artist knife method, and restores the technical content and the artistic beauty of porcelain as a porcelain carving art carrier. The so-called "the porcelain is displayed by the painting, the painting is transmitted by the porcelain", "touches the hand feeling", and looks like the writing ink ". It has fun of gold and stone and has the charm of writing and ink.

According to archaeology, the process of under-glaze color drawing of the ceramic is found to be available in three kingdoms as early as possible, and the under-glaze color drawing is brownish black. In the Tang Dynasty, the underglaze color porcelain technology was further developed, and underglaze color painting in Sichuan and Hunan areas is mainly multicolor, while underglaze color painting in Zhejiang and Yangzhou areas is mainly blue-and-white. The real modern meaning of the underglazed five-color porcelain is traced back to the Shang Hunan carinly in Qing dynasty. The government officer bear Xiling expedition the Huinan porcelain industry, personally plans to show the government for money transfer, and provides four methods of 'Living Tang, setting company, local area and Junli', and the Hunan porcelain industry manufacturing company of the Shandong national institute of Hunan officials, created by Langming in the Langming, created in the same year. The company is actively developed, adopts high-grade technicians in Jingdezhen and Japan, introduces the most advanced production process and equipment at home and abroad, and creates a real underglaze colorful porcelain on the basis of the traditional process. The five-color burning skill under the carignan glaze is listed in the famous list of the Chinese non-material cultural heritage.

The early-stage underglaze colorful porcelain adopts a three-firing process, a two-firing process is newly developed later, and the two processes have the advantages respectively. The most obvious advantages of the three-firing process are that the lime glaze has good fluidity, high transparency, smooth glaze surface, clear and flat surface and elegant color. The 'secondary firing' process is to use feldspar glaze, the whiteness of the feldspar glaze is higher than that of lime glaze, the brilliance of an underglaze pigment is also obviously improved, the decorative effect is more fresh and bright, and the process is a firing process mainly adopted at present. The underglaze five-color porcelain is mainly characterized in that: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: no toxicity, acid resistance, alkali resistance, wear resistance and no fading. The base pigment of underglaze five-color is made up by using metal oxide and their salts as colouring agent and adding a certain quantity of silicate material. This pigment does not require the use of lead-containing flux to aid in color development and lower firing temperatures, as is the case with enamel pigments. Meanwhile, the covering effect of the glaze layer plays a role in protection, so that the glaze layer can better resist the corrosion of natural acid and alkali, and has excellent wear resistance. Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the picture displayed by the underglaze colorful porcelain is smooth, bright, glittering, elegant, bright and quick, full in moisture sense, brilliant and flexible, and can bring aesthetic enjoyment to people. The effect of rich charm is the function of glaze layer besides the color decoration skill. Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the underglaze colorful porcelain has colorful patterns, is bright and uncommon, is light and vivid, and has rich color change. The underglaze five-color pigment also comprises composite pigment, and is doped with colorless oxide such as quartz, feldspar and the like, so that the brightness of the color material is improved, the saturation and gorgeous degree of the color material is reduced, and the color of the color material is extremely harmonious, elegant and soft after being covered by a glaze layer and being sintered at high temperature.

Zibo carved porcelain and carinling underglaze five colors are all distinctive local features. Zibo carving porcelain art is the brand characteristic industry of Zibo, is a sign that really represents Zibo technology characteristic, carves porcelain instrument buddha's warrior attendant head and porcelain surface's hardness all very high, operates and has fairly the degree of difficulty. The water halo is particularly treated, and the transition effect is extremely difficult. Basically finished by the post color filling rendering. Will certainly have an influence on the artistic aesthetic feeling of the work inspiration. The five colors under the carignan glaze have the artistic characteristics of elegance, smooth lines and rich colors, and can just supplement the limitation of the engraving process in this respect. The branches and branches of the underglaze colorful flower-bird picture and the light ink gray lines of the flying bird mountain stone are too flat and have weak layering, and the combination of the branches and the light ink gray lines can generate a novel artistic expression style.

The carved porcelain is simple and unsophisticated, is strong in solemn and strong in solemn, is completely different from a light gray line in underglazed five-color porcelain, enables the layering sense of the whole picture to be stronger, is bright in contrast, is natural in the shade transition of the color of the five colors under the carinate glaze, is elegant and fresh in picture, can embody the texture of porcelain combined with jade, is natural in movement, light and strong in strength, is both rigid and flexible, and is proper in emphasizing the line, and each pen and each knife are proper to form unique carved porcelain art integrating poems, books, paintings and imprints into a whole, and has lasting fragrance and natural simplicity.

In view of the above, through research of years, the applicant designs a preparation process of the underglaze five-color carved porcelain, which can perfectly combine two artistic forms of Zibo carved porcelain and the carine underglaze five-color carved porcelain to form a new artistic work; in addition, the applicant designs a set of automatic carving machine, can be through the fixed porcelain of porcelain mount, and some details need the point to be carved up and be carved and carve through the meticulous carving of automatic carving ware again, reduce the operation degree of difficulty of carving porcelain, promote finished product quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) biscuiting: preparing a ceramic green body, and carrying out heat treatment on the ceramic green body at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ to prepare a biscuit;

(2) colored drawing: firstly, hooking the outline on the biscuit after biscuit firing, and then filling the prepared pigment;

(3) glazing: applying glaze on the decorated ceramic blank;

(4) high-temperature calcination: after colored drawing and glazing, the biscuit is put into a kiln for high-temperature calcination, and the temperature is controlled to be 1380-1400 ℃; and after the high-temperature firing for 11 hours, cooling for 24 hours.

(5) Porcelain carving: and (3) carving porcelain decoration is carried out on the part needing to be rendered through an automatic porcelain carving machine, and manual carving is carried out on the other pictures through a 7 cm long tungsten gold knife.

(6) Color application: filling and coating by using an oil-resistant brush pen or an oil painting pen according to different cutting marks of the picture;

preferably, the automatic porcelain engraving machine comprises a porcelain fixing frame and an automatic porcelain engraving machine, the porcelain fixing frame comprises a movable base, a lower rod is vertically arranged on the movable base, a rotary table is installed at the upper end of the lower rod, a damping rotary shaft hole is formed in the right side of the rotary table, a damping rotary shaft is rotatably installed in the damping rotary shaft hole, and the extending end of the right side of the damping rotary shaft is connected with the left side of the middle part of the middle rod; an upper rod is installed on a middle rod through a lifting device, an upper cross rod fixing cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the upper rod, an upper cross rod is installed in the upper cross rod fixing cylinder, a cross rod stop block is arranged at the left end of the upper cross rod, a screw hole is formed in the right end of the upper cross rod, a screw rod is vertically installed in the screw hole, and an upper porcelain fixing head is rotatably installed at the lower end of the screw rod; a lower cross rod through hole is formed in the lower end of the middle rod, a lower cross rod is arranged in the lower cross rod through hole in a penetrating mode, a placing bracket is arranged at the left end of the lower cross rod, and the automatic carved porcelain can be inserted into the placing bracket; the upper part of the right end of the lower cross rod is provided with a lower porcelain fixing head.

Preferably, the lifting device comprises a lifting sleeve, the lifting sleeve is attached to the side part of the middle rod, an upper rod insertion hole is formed in the top end of the lifting sleeve, the lower end of the upper rod is inserted into the lifting sleeve through the upper rod insertion hole, an electric travelling wheel is arranged on the right side of the lower end of the upper rod, an auxiliary travelling wheel is arranged on the left side of the lower end of the upper rod, and the electric travelling wheel and the auxiliary travelling wheel are respectively attached to the inner wall of the right side and the inner wall of the left side of the lifting sleeve to travel; the upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head are in frustum shapes or circular truncated cone shapes.

Preferably, the automatic porcelain carving device comprises a holding cylinder, a tool bit jack is formed in the front end face of the holding cylinder, a tool bar is arranged in the holding cylinder, and an inserting part, a front stop block part, a carving tool spring part, a rear stop block part and a driving part are sequentially arranged on the tool bar from front to back; the inserting part of the cutter bar penetrates out of the cutter head inserting hole, a cutter head inserting groove is formed in the front end face, and the rear end of the cutter head can be fixed in the cutter head inserting groove; the holding cylinder comprises a front cylinder part, a middle cylinder part and a rear cylinder part, and a front stop block part, a rear stop block part and a driving part of the cutter bar are respectively positioned in the front cylinder part, the middle cylinder part and the rear cylinder part of the holding cylinder; a front stop block is fixedly sleeved on the front stop block part of the cutter rod, a rear stop block is sleeved on the rear stop block part of the cutter rod, a nicking tool spring is sleeved on the cutter rod between the front stop block and the rear stop block, and the front end and the rear end of the nicking tool spring are respectively fixed on the front stop block and the rear stop block; the back barrel part is internally provided with an impulse type rod body driving device which is connected with a driving part of the cutter bar.

Preferably, the pulse type rod body driving device comprises a driving motor, the driving motor is meshed with a tooth-missing gear through a gear transmission set, and the driving motor, the gear transmission set and the tooth-missing gear are all fixed on the side wall of the rear cylinder part; a driving rack is arranged on the side wall of the driving part of the cutter bar along the direction of a bus, and the gear-lacking gear is meshed with the driving rack; the area ratio of the ring surface occupied by the tooth lacking part and the tooth part of the tooth lacking gear is 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3 or 1: 4; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be in meshing transmission with the toothed part of the gear with the missing teeth, the driving rack and the cutter bar can be driven to move backwards; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be opposite to the tooth-lacking part of the tooth-lacking gear, the transmission rack and the cutter bar move forwards rapidly, so that pulse type plunging of the cutter bar and the cutter head is realized, and porcelain carving operation on the surface of porcelain is completed.

Preferably, a spiral adjusting through hole is formed in the middle tube part of the automatic porcelain engraving device, an adjusting handle rod is arranged on the periphery of the rear stop block and inserted into the spiral adjusting through hole; the adjusting handle rod is rotationally pulled to move back and forth in the spiral adjusting through hole, the front position and the rear position of the rear stop block can be controlled, then the bouncing distance between the cutter bar and the cutter head is controlled, and the adjustment of the porcelain carving depth is completed.

Preferably, the front end of the cutter head is of a pointed needle type, a flat knife type or a conical knife type.

Preferably, the automatic porcelain carving device further comprises a dust suction device, wherein the dust suction device comprises an elastic adjusting sleeve, and the elastic adjusting sleeve is sleeved and fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the front end of the holding cylinder; the elastic adjusting sleeve is internally provided with a hollow interlayer, a top ring and a jacking spring are sequentially sleeved in the hollow interlayer from front to back, a support arm through hole is formed in the outer wall of the lower part of the elastic adjusting sleeve, the support arm is L-shaped, the vertical arm part of the support arm is inserted into the support arm through hole and connected with the lower part of the top ring, and the cross arm part of the support arm faces forwards and is connected with a dust collection bracket; the dust absorption bracket is shaped like a Chinese character 'ji', and the extending ends of the two support rods at the left part of the dust absorption bracket are provided with walking pulleys; the dust collection device comprises a dust collection bracket, a dust collection sleeve, a dust collection core pipe, a rubber dust supporting plate, a front end dust collection opening of the dust collection core pipe, a dust suction inlet of the front end of the dust collection core pipe, a suction opening of a dust collection pump, and a dust deposition filter box, wherein the dust collection sleeve is installed below the dust collection bracket through a dust collection installation rod, the rubber dust supporting plate is installed on the front side below the dust collection sleeve, the front end dust collection opening of the dust collection core pipe is in a flat square shape and faces the rubber dust supporting plate, the rear end of the dust collection core pipe is connected with the front end of the dust collection telescopic pipe through threads, the rear end of the dust collection telescopic pipe is connected with the suction opening of the dust collection pump, and the air outlet of the dust collection pump is connected with the dust deposition filter box.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the phenomenon of Zhuzilin and hundred families struggling for singing presented in the ceramic art market at present is that more and more people are not satisfied with the mere inheritance, and they dare to break through and brave over innovation, and in the traditional mode, pursue the integration of art, the five colors under the carine glaze are transited naturally and the picture is elegant and fresh, and can embody the texture of porcelain combining with jade, the catastrophe carved porcelain has natural luck, strength and softness, and the moderate power of emphasizing lines, and each pen and each knife are just right, so that the carved porcelain art integrating poetry, writing, drawing and printing into a whole unique in China is formed, the lingering charm is lingering, and the simplicity and naturalness are achieved. Branches and branches in the underglaze colorful flower-bird painting and flying bird mountain stone light ink gray lines are too flat and have no marks, and the carved porcelain works have higher difficulty in treating the water corona effect of flowers in the pottery works due to technological limitations. The method integrates the fun of the carved porcelain art with the fresh and beautiful color of the underglaze five-color, and has the advantages of stronger picture layering, more bright contrast and better decorative effect. The underglaze five-color carved porcelain is the integration of tradition and innovation, the hardness of a diamond tool bit of the carved porcelain and the surface of the porcelain is very high, the effect difficulty of water halo transition in a processing picture is large, the water halo effect of the carved porcelain works is basically completed by means of rendering in the later period, and the vivid artistic aesthetic feeling between the remnants is inevitably influenced. The preparation process of the underglaze colorful carved porcelain can combine two artistic forms of catalpo carved porcelain and carinly underglaze colorful, and enables the dominance and simplicity of carved porcelain and the profusion of underglaze colorful to be perfectly blended, so that a new process expression method is generated.

2. The applicant designs a set of automatic carving machine, can be through the fixed porcelain of porcelain mount, and the part of playing up is through the meticulous carving of automatic carving ware again, reduces the operation degree of difficulty of carving porcelain, promotes finished product quality. The automatic porcelain carving machine is combined with a striking hammer and carving knives with various varieties and specifications in the traditional porcelain carving process, so that the picture is more flexible and exquisite, the working strength of workers is reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.

3. The automatic porcelain carving machine is also provided with a dust collection device working along with the porcelain carving machine, in the porcelain carving process, dropped powder or granular ceramic residues can fall onto a rubber dust supporting plate of the dust collection device, and then enter a dust deposition filter box along a dust collection telescopic conduit and a dust collection pump after being sucked through a front end dust collection port of a dust collection core pipe, so that dust pollution in the porcelain carving process is avoided, and a respiratory system and the surrounding working environment of an operator are protected.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an automatic engraving machine (unfixed porcelain state);

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an automatic engraving machine (in a fixed porcelain state);

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the automatic carving porcelain (without a dust suction device);

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the automatic porcelain carving machine (including a dust suction device);

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a dust extraction bracket;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of the dust-collecting bracket and the rubber dust-collecting plate;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a gear with missing teeth;

in the figure: I. a front barrel portion; II. A middle cylinder part; III, a rear cylinder part;

1. moving the base; 2. a lower rod; 3. placing a bracket; 4. automatically carving porcelain; 5. a turntable; 6. a damping rotating shaft; 7. auxiliary walking wheels; 8. a lifting sleeve; 9. a rod is arranged; 10. an upper cross bar; 11. an upper rod jack; 12. an upper cross bar fixing cylinder; 13. electric walking wheels; 14. a lead screw; 15. fixing a head on the porcelain; 16. a middle rod; 17. a lower cross bar; 18. a porcelain fixing head is arranged; 19. punching a lower cross bar; 20. a lower rod; 21. a sharp-pointed needle type tool bit; 22. a flat-edge cutter type cutter head; 23. a conical cutter head; 24. a tool bit slot; 25. an insertion part; 26. a cutter bit jack; 27. a front stop block; 28. a gripping barrel; 29. a nicking tool spring; 30. the adjusting handle rod is pulled; 31. a rear stop block; 32. a spiral adjusting through hole; 33. a cutter bar; 34. a drive motor; 35. a gear transmission set; 36. a gear with missing teeth; 37. a driving rack; 38. a grip ring; 39. the spring is tightly propped; 40. a top ring; 41. an elastic adjusting sleeve; 42. a traveling pulley; 43. a dust collection bracket; 44. a rubber dust supporting plate; 45. a dust-collecting mounting rod; 46. a dust collection sleeve; 47. a dust collection core pipe; 48. a support arm; 49. a dust-collecting telescopic duct; 50. a missing tooth part; 51. has a toothed portion.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a technical solution: a preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain comprises the following operation steps:

(1) biscuit firing: the designed pattern is expressed on the rice paper by using strokes, the bottle shape, the height and the diameter of a ceramic bottle must be taken into consideration in advance at this time, the ceramic bottle shape is determined firstly, a ceramic green body is prepared, and the ceramic green body is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ to ensure that the green body has certain mechanical strength, so that a biscuit is prepared; (ceramic plate, ceramic porcelain plate all can, the flat body of ceramic bottle is circular or oval, the diameter of bottleneck and bottle bottom is different, draws and carves the degree of difficulty the biggest, can select the degree of difficulty to make as required).

(2) Colored drawing: the height and diameter of the porcelain model are mastered, the height is 55-70 cm, in the creation of a piece of porcelain, firstly, the machine shape is conceived, and then, the picture pattern is created according to the machine shape. Firstly hooking the outline on the biscuit after biscuit firing, and then filling the biscuit with the prepared pigment; after the biscuit is fired at 800 ℃, the biscuit has strong water absorption, the pigment is absorbed on the porcelain body, the color is light when the water absorption time is short, the color is dark when the water absorption time is long, the Fenshui is gradually changed in color, for example, the color of one petal is gradually changed in color, the pigment is absorbed into the porcelain body by controlling the amount of the pigment, the position where the pigment is finally absorbed into the porcelain body is most difficult to master, and if the position is not mastered well, the position has a faint or stain without eyes. The excellent application of the line is the important reason for the color pattern decoration in five times of the carinling glaze by using a double-hook water diversion method. The sketches of painters present a high skill and experience and are rich in decorative features. The feather edges of the theme flowers, the bamboo leaves and the cranes are manually hooked. By the ink line technique, the ink line disappears at a certain temperature, and a blank line appears, which is an artistic effect unique to the carignan glazed colorful porcelain.

(3) Glazing: and applying glaze on the decorated ceramic blank. The glaze is prepared by grinding mineral raw materials (feldspar, quartz, talc, kaolin, etc.) and chemical raw materials in a certain proportion, and is vitrified by calcining at a proper temperature, so that the mechanical strength, the thermal stability and the dielectric strength of the product can be increased, the ware can be beautified, the product is convenient to wipe, and the product is not easy to corrode by dust and impurities.

(5) Porcelain carving: and (3) carving porcelain decoration on the part needing to be rendered through an automatic porcelain carving machine, and manually carving the rest pictures by using a 7 cm long tungsten gold knife.

Preparing porcelain carving auxiliary materials, such as pen, ink, pigment for coloring, color-adjusting oil, absorbent cotton, paper and the like. After the ceramic utensil and picture are determined, the drawing can be performed and the ink color is lost. The ink, the rhythm and the spirit of the pen need to be drawn, so the pen is meticulous, unreleasable and needs to be repeatedly pushed and struck, and the pen needs to be easily drawn for several times to achieve perfection, otherwise the pen is difficult to be changed once the pen is settled. Since the ceramic itself has its own beauty, the picture composition is required to be simple, bulky and elegant in the picture creation, and a certain space should be left for the ceramic surface as much as possible. So-called "the porcelain is displayed depending on the picture, and the picture is transmitted depending on the porcelain". The sense is that the pillow is not full and cannot be penetrated by tens of millions, and people feel oppressed. The creation of carved porcelain art is different in composition requirements due to different vessels, is thought at first, and is represented by a health thought, namely longing on the current beauty scene and seeing on the future and fantasy, so as to guide people to pursue beauty. The structure of the device is related to opening, closing, rising, bearing, turning, virtual and real, density, guest-host, etc. Firstly, designed vases, pistils, branches, hillstones, birds and the like are drawn on a ceramic bottle by ink colors, the flower pot is partially carved by dots, the branches, the hillstones and the like are carved by lines and block surfaces, the application of a knife method is comprehensively analyzed by the knife method on the picture, then, the knife is placed by a bold tool, various knife methods are flexibly applied, the various knife methods are organically combined together, the knife method is required to be rich in change, the weight of the knife is paid attention to, the harmony of the knife and the strong rhythm are realized. After the etching, the powder needs to be carefully cleaned up so as to be meticulous.

(6) Applying color: filling and coating by using an oil-resistant brush pen or an oil painting pen according to different cutting marks of the picture;

the requirements are that the picture is engraved with light to deep and colored to ink, which gradually increases. And (4) filling and coating by using an oil-resistant brush pen or an oil painting pen according to different cutting marks of pictures. Especially, the flower pots marked with dots need to be blended with various colors, cotton is dipped with little oil to draw a layer of colors, and absorbent cotton is lightly coated with a layer of colors in a flat way, the lighter the absorbent cotton is, the better the color is, and the basic effect can be seen to be good. And gradually adding colors from dark to light and from dark to light, and carefully collecting until the ideal degree is completely reached. The other engraved parts need to be moderate in thickness, the cutter mark can be covered when the other engraved parts are too thick, the required effect cannot be achieved when the other engraved parts are too thin, and the other engraved parts can be easily wiped off after a long time and need to be accumulated for a long time. Applying color should be closely combined with knife method. The characteristics of the carved porcelain are highlighted, the fine and dribbling effects of writing and ink of the fine writing and the thick golden stone fun are achieved

The automatic porcelain carving machine comprises a porcelain fixing frame and an automatic porcelain carving machine, the porcelain fixing frame comprises a movable base, a lower rod is vertically arranged on the movable base, a rotary table is installed at the upper end of the lower rod, a damping rotating shaft hole is formed in the right side of the rotary table, a damping rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the damping rotating shaft hole, and the extending end of the right side of the damping rotating shaft is connected with the left side of the middle part of the middle rod; an upper rod is installed on the middle rod through a lifting device, an upper cross rod fixing cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the upper rod, an upper cross rod is installed in the upper cross rod fixing cylinder, a cross rod stop block is arranged at the left end of the upper cross rod, a screw hole is formed in the right end of the upper cross rod, a lead screw is vertically installed in the screw hole, and an upper porcelain fixing head is rotatably installed at the lower end of the lead screw; a lower cross rod through hole is formed in the lower end of the middle rod, a lower cross rod is arranged in the lower cross rod through hole in a penetrating mode, a placing bracket is arranged at the left end of the lower cross rod, and the automatic carved porcelain can be inserted into the placing bracket; the upper part of the right end of the lower cross rod is provided with a lower porcelain fixing head.

The lifting device comprises a lifting sleeve, the lifting sleeve is attached to the side portion of the middle rod, an upper rod jack is formed in the top end of the lifting sleeve, the lower end of the upper rod is inserted into the lifting sleeve through the upper rod jack, an electric walking wheel is arranged on the right side of the lower end of the upper rod, an auxiliary walking wheel is arranged on the left side of the lower end of the upper rod, and the electric walking wheel and the auxiliary walking wheel are attached to the right inner wall and the left inner wall of the lifting sleeve respectively and walk. The upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head are in frustum shapes or circular truncated cone shapes.

The automatic porcelain carving device comprises a holding barrel, wherein a tool bit jack is formed in the front end face of the holding barrel, a tool bar is arranged in the holding barrel, and an inserting part, a front stop block part, a carving tool spring part, a rear stop block part and a driving part are sequentially arranged on the tool bar from front to back; the inserting part of the cutter bar penetrates out of the cutter head inserting hole, a cutter head inserting groove is formed in the front end face, and the rear end of the cutter head can be fixed in the cutter head inserting groove; the holding cylinder comprises a front cylinder part, a middle cylinder part and a rear cylinder part, and a front stop block part, a rear stop block part and a driving part of the cutter bar are respectively positioned in the front cylinder part, the middle cylinder part and the rear cylinder part of the holding cylinder; a front stop block is fixedly sleeved on the front stop block part of the cutter bar, a rear stop block is sleeved on the rear stop block part of the cutter bar, a nicking tool spring is sleeved on the cutter bar between the front stop block and the rear stop block, and the front end and the rear end of the nicking tool spring are respectively fixed on the front stop block and the rear stop block; the back barrel part is internally provided with an impulse type rod body driving device which is connected with a driving part of the cutter bar.

The pulse type rod body driving device comprises a driving motor, the driving motor is meshed with the gear-lacking gear through a gear transmission set, and the driving motor, the gear transmission set and the gear-lacking gear are all fixed on the side wall of the rear cylinder part; a driving rack is arranged on the side wall of the driving part of the cutter bar along the direction of a bus, and the gear-lacking gear is meshed with the driving rack; the area ratio of the ring surface occupied by the tooth lacking part and the tooth part of the tooth lacking gear is 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3 or 1: 4; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission group to be meshed with the toothed part of the gear with missing teeth for transmission, the driving rack and the cutter bar can be driven to move backwards; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be opposite to the tooth-missing part of the tooth-missing gear, the transmission rack and the cutter bar move forwards rapidly, so that pulse type plunging of the cutter bar and the cutter head is realized, and porcelain carving operation on the surface of porcelain is completed.

A spiral adjusting through hole is formed in the middle barrel part of the automatic porcelain engraving machine, an adjusting handle rod is arranged on the periphery of the rear stop block and inserted into the spiral adjusting through hole; the adjusting handle rod is rotationally shifted to move back and forth in the spiral adjusting through hole, the front and back positions of the rear stop block can be controlled, the bouncing distance between the cutter bar and the cutter head is further controlled, and the adjustment of the porcelain engraving depth is completed.

The front end of the cutter head is a pointed needle type cutter head, a plain cutter type cutter head or a conical cutter type cutter head.

The automatic porcelain carving device also comprises a dust collection device, wherein the dust collection device comprises an elastic adjusting sleeve, and the elastic adjusting sleeve is sleeved and fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the front end of the holding cylinder; the elastic adjusting sleeve is internally provided with a hollow interlayer, a top ring and a jacking spring are sequentially sleeved in the hollow interlayer from front to back, a support arm through hole is formed in the outer wall of the lower part of the elastic adjusting sleeve, the support arm is L-shaped, the vertical arm part of the support arm is inserted into the support arm through hole and connected with the lower part of the top ring, and the cross arm part of the support arm faces forwards and is connected with a dust collection bracket; the dust collection bracket is in a shape of a Chinese character 'ji', and the extending ends of the two support rods at the left part of the dust collection bracket are provided with walking pulleys; the dust collection device comprises a dust collection bracket, a dust collection sleeve, a dust collection core pipe, a rubber dust supporting plate, a front end dust collection opening of the dust collection core pipe, a dust suction inlet of the front end of the dust collection core pipe, a suction opening of a dust collection pump, and a dust deposition filter box, wherein the dust collection sleeve is installed below the dust collection bracket through a dust collection installation rod, the rubber dust supporting plate is installed on the front side below the dust collection sleeve, the front end dust collection opening of the dust collection core pipe is in a flat square shape and faces the rubber dust supporting plate, the rear end of the dust collection core pipe is connected with the front end of the dust collection telescopic pipe through threads, the rear end of the dust collection telescopic pipe is connected with the suction opening of the dust collection pump, and the air outlet of the dust collection pump is connected with the dust deposition filter box.

The use method of the automatic porcelain carving machine comprises the following steps:

the height of the upper rod is adjusted through the lifting device, then the screw rod is adjusted to drive the upper porcelain fixing head to move upwards, the fired biscuit is placed on the lower porcelain fixing head, the screw rod is rotated to move downwards, and the upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head clamp and fix the biscuit from the upper side and the lower side.

The upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head can select different shapes and specifications according to the porcelain shape, in order to ensure the skid resistance, the upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head can be wrapped with a skid-proof rubber layer, containers with upper openings such as bottle bodies, tank bodies and the like are required to be fixed, and the upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head can be set to be in the shape of circular truncated cones with different tapers; when a flaky biscuit such as a tray body and the like needs to be vertically fixed, a clamping block with a caulking groove can be selected to serve as an upper porcelain fixing head and a lower porcelain fixing head.

After the biscuit is fixed, workers can draw manuscripts by using a painting brush, and then glaze and high-temperature calcination are carried out. The middle rod can rotate in the damping rotating shaft hole through the damping rotating shaft, so that the porcelain can be conveniently depicted at various angles; and then, carrying out porcelain carving operation on the rendering part by utilizing the automatic porcelain carving operation. The specific porcelain carving principle is as follows: when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be in meshing transmission with the toothed part of the gear with the missing teeth, the driving rack and the cutter bar can be driven to move backwards; when driving motor drive gear transmission group and the scarce tooth of scarce tooth gear relative mutually, transmission rack and cutter arbor move forward rapidly to this pulsed that realizes cutter arbor and tool bit is advanced suddenly, imitates the action of traditional hammering burin, but dynamics and speed are more controllable, and the meticulous degree of portrayal is higher, accomplishes the porcelain carving operation on porcelain surface with this.

At carving porcelain in-process, the powder that drops or graininess ceramic residue can drop on dust extraction's rubber holds in the palm the dirt board, and the back is absorb by the front end dust absorption mouth of rethread dust absorption core pipe, in the same direction as by flexible pipe of dust absorption, dust absorption pump, gets into the laying dust rose box, has avoided carving porcelain in-process dust pollution, protection operator's respiratory and surrounding operation environment.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A preparation process of underglaze five-color carved porcelain is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

(1) biscuit firing: preparing a ceramic green body, and carrying out heat treatment on the ceramic green body at the temperature of 800-900 ℃ to prepare a biscuit;

(3) glazing: applying glaze on the decorated ceramic blank;

(4) high-temperature calcination: after colored drawing and glazing, the biscuit is put into a kiln for high-temperature calcination, and the temperature is controlled to be 1380-1400 ℃; after being fired at high temperature for 11 hours, the mixture is cooled for 24 hours;

(5) porcelain carving: carrying out porcelain carving decoration on the part needing to be rendered by an automatic porcelain carving machine, and manually carving the rest pictures by a 7 cm long tungsten gold knife;

(6) color application: and (4) filling and coating by using an oil-resistant brush pen or an oil painting pen according to different cutting marks of pictures.

2. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic porcelain engraving machine comprises a porcelain fixing frame and an automatic porcelain engraving machine, wherein the porcelain fixing frame comprises a movable base, a lower rod is vertically arranged on the movable base, a rotary table is installed at the upper end of the lower rod, a damping rotating shaft hole is formed in the right side of the rotary table, a damping rotating shaft is rotatably installed in the damping rotating shaft hole, and the extending end of the right side of the damping rotating shaft is connected with the left side of the middle part of the middle rod; an upper rod is installed on a middle rod through a lifting device, an upper cross rod fixing cylinder is arranged at the upper end of the upper rod, an upper cross rod is installed in the upper cross rod fixing cylinder, a cross rod stop block is arranged at the left end of the upper cross rod, a screw hole is formed in the right end of the upper cross rod, a screw rod is vertically installed in the screw hole, and an upper porcelain fixing head is rotatably installed at the lower end of the screw rod; a lower cross rod through hole is formed in the lower end of the middle rod, a lower cross rod is arranged in the lower cross rod through hole in a penetrating mode, a placing bracket is arranged at the left end of the lower cross rod, and the automatic carved porcelain can be inserted into the placing bracket; the upper part of the right end of the lower cross rod is provided with a lower porcelain fixing head.

3. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 2, characterized in that: the lifting device comprises a lifting sleeve, the lifting sleeve is attached to the side part of the middle rod, an upper rod insertion hole is formed in the top end of the lifting sleeve, the lower end of the upper rod is inserted into the lifting sleeve through the upper rod insertion hole, an electric travelling wheel is arranged on the right side of the lower end of the upper rod, an auxiliary travelling wheel is arranged on the left side of the lower end of the upper rod, and the electric travelling wheel and the auxiliary travelling wheel are respectively attached to the inner wall of the right side and the inner wall of the left side of the lifting sleeve to travel; the upper porcelain fixing head and the lower porcelain fixing head are in frustum shapes or circular truncated cone shapes.

4. The preparation process of the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps: the automatic porcelain carving device comprises a holding cylinder, wherein a tool bit jack is formed in the front end face of the holding cylinder, a tool bar is arranged in the holding cylinder, and an inserting part, a front stop block part, a carving tool spring part, a rear stop block part and a driving part are sequentially arranged on the tool bar from front to back; the inserting part of the cutter bar penetrates out of the cutter head inserting hole, a cutter head inserting groove is formed in the front end face, and the rear end of the cutter head can be fixed in the cutter head inserting groove; the holding cylinder comprises a front cylinder part, a middle cylinder part and a rear cylinder part, and a front stop block part, a rear stop block part and a driving part of the cutter bar are respectively positioned in the front cylinder part, the middle cylinder part and the rear cylinder part of the holding cylinder; a front stop block is fixedly sleeved on the front stop block part of the cutter rod, a rear stop block is sleeved on the rear stop block part of the cutter rod, a nicking tool spring is sleeved on the cutter rod between the front stop block and the rear stop block, and the front end and the rear end of the nicking tool spring are respectively fixed on the front stop block and the rear stop block; the back cylinder part is internally provided with an impulse type rod body driving device which is connected with a driving part of the cutter rod.

5. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 4, characterized in that: the pulse type rod body driving device comprises a driving motor, the driving motor is meshed with a tooth-lacking gear through a gear transmission set, and the driving motor, the gear transmission set and the tooth-lacking gear are all fixed on the side wall of the rear cylinder part; a driving rack is arranged on the side wall of the driving part of the cutter bar along the direction of a bus, and the gear-lacking gear is meshed with the driving rack; the area ratio of the ring surface occupied by the tooth lacking part and the tooth part of the tooth lacking gear is 1: 1. 1: 2. 1: 3 or 1: 4; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be in meshing transmission with the toothed part of the gear with the missing teeth, the driving rack and the cutter bar can be driven to move backwards; when the driving motor drives the gear transmission set to be opposite to the tooth-missing part of the tooth-missing gear, the transmission rack and the cutter bar move forwards rapidly, so that pulse type plunging of the cutter bar and the cutter head is realized, and porcelain carving operation on the surface of porcelain is completed.

6. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 5, characterized in that: a spiral adjusting through hole is formed in the middle cylinder part of the automatic porcelain carving machine, an adjusting handle rod is arranged on the periphery of the rear stop block and inserted into the spiral adjusting through hole; the adjusting handle rod is rotationally pulled to move back and forth in the spiral adjusting through hole, the front position and the rear position of the rear stop block can be controlled, then the bouncing distance between the cutter bar and the cutter head is controlled, and the adjustment of the porcelain carving depth is completed.

7. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 6, characterized in that: the front end of the cutter head is in a sharp-pointed needle type plain end cutter type or a conical cutter type.

8. The process for preparing the underglaze five-color engraved porcelain according to claim 7, characterized in that: the automatic porcelain carving device further comprises a dust collection device, wherein the dust collection device comprises an elastic adjusting sleeve, and the elastic adjusting sleeve is sleeved and fixed on the outer peripheral wall of the front end of the holding cylinder; the elastic adjusting sleeve is internally provided with a hollow interlayer, a top ring and a jacking spring are sequentially sleeved in the hollow interlayer from front to back, a support arm through hole is formed in the outer wall of the lower part of the elastic adjusting sleeve, the support arm is L-shaped, the vertical arm part of the support arm is inserted into the support arm through hole and connected with the lower part of the top ring, and the cross arm part of the support arm faces forwards and is connected with a dust collection bracket; the dust collection bracket is in a shape of a Chinese character 'ji', and the extending ends of the two support rods at the left part of the dust collection bracket are provided with walking pulleys; the dust collection device comprises a dust collection bracket, a dust collection mounting rod, a dust collection core pipe, a rubber dust support plate, a front end dust collection opening, a rear end of the dust collection core pipe, a suction opening of a dust collection pump and a dust accumulation filter box, wherein the dust collection mounting rod is mounted below the dust collection bracket, the dust collection core pipe is sleeved in the dust collection sleeve, the rubber dust support plate is mounted on the front side of the lower portion of the dust collection sleeve, the front end dust collection opening of the dust collection core pipe is in a flat square shape and faces the rubber dust support plate, the rear end of the dust collection core pipe is connected with the front end of the dust collection telescopic pipe through threads, the rear end of the dust collection telescopic pipe is connected with the suction opening of the dust collection pump, and the air outlet of the dust collection pump is connected with the dust accumulation filter box.