CN114917522B - Fire extinguishing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fire extinguishing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114917522B CN114917522B CN202210634997.0A CN202210634997A CN114917522B CN 114917522 B CN114917522 B CN 114917522B CN 202210634997 A CN202210634997 A CN 202210634997A CN 114917522 B CN114917522 B CN 114917522B
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000017 hydrogel Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 26
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004368 Modified starch Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propan-2-ylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)NC(=O)C=C QNILTEGFHQSKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2,3-difluorophenyl)ethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC(F)=C1F PQUXFUBNSYCQAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940047670 sodium acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001612 Hydroxyethyl starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- DCPMPXBYPZGNDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methanediimine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.N=C=N DCPMPXBYPZGNDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940050526 hydroxyethylstarch Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 alkenyl sulfonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- IKYAJDOSWUATPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propane-1-thiol Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCS IKYAJDOSWUATPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011162 core material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical compound CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002163 hydrogen peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium persulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O USHAGKDGDHPEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical class [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940001584 sodium metabisulfite Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000003172 aldehyde group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011557 critical solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QBUKAFSEUHGMMX-MTJSOVHGSA-N (5z)-5-[[3-(1-hydroxyethyl)thiophen-2-yl]methylidene]-10-methoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1h-chromeno[3,4-f]quinolin-9-ol Chemical group C1=CC=2NC(C)(C)C=C(C)C=2C2=C1C=1C(OC)=C(O)C=CC=1O\C2=C/C=1SC=CC=1C(C)O QBUKAFSEUHGMMX-MTJSOVHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002262 Schiff base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004753 Schiff bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002808 Si–O–Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical group [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0064—Gels; Film-forming compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
- A62D1/0078—Foams containing proteins or protein derivatives
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fire-fighting materials, in particular to a fire-fighting material and a preparation method thereof. The fire extinguishing material prepared by the invention can realize cooling, oxygen isolation and long-time oxygen isolation, has high fire extinguishing speed, small consumption and good covering effect, is used for controlling combustible materials with strong combustion capability and high afterburning possibility, and reduces the influence possibly caused by uncontrollable fire.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire-fighting materials, in particular to a fire-fighting material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Combustion is essentially exothermic reaction formed by interaction of combustible material and oxygen or combustion improver, and simultaneously, along with luminescence, fuming or flame phenomena, the combustible material, the combustion improver and a reaction energy source exist simultaneously and can only occur when the combustion is interacted, and sustainable combustion still needs support of chain reaction, namely, the chain reaction is a chemical reaction of interaction of free radicals and molecules of the combustible material, and the chain reaction is continuously carried out when the process is not inhibited. The use of fire or combustion by humans has driven the progress of human civilization, however, when combustion is not controlled by humans in time and space, it can cause fires which can be life and property safety critical.
In order to face fire caused by intense, sudden or unnecessary burning, it is necessary to control fire in time and to control burning, and to reduce the loss of life and property of human beings, so that various fire extinguishing methods or fire extinguishing techniques are invented by human beings. In principle, fire extinguishment mainly comprises three methods of blocking a combustion source, isolating oxygen and reducing the combustion temperature. If the proper fire extinguishing agent is used for consuming free radicals required by the chain combustion reaction, the chain reaction is prevented from proceeding, carbon dioxide, sand and stone and the like are used for isolating oxygen from contacting combustible substances, and dry ice and the like are used for reducing the combustion temperature. The traditional fire extinguisher is invented based on the principle, however, along with the development of modern chemicals and the progress of industry, the extinguishing of modern fires is not easy, such as the combustion of piled coal beds, the combustion of piled wood, etc., and the reason is that the traditional fire extinguisher consumes most of fire extinguishing with single effects of water cooling, blocking oxygen, etc., and consumes more quickly, a large amount of fire extinguisher is needed, the fire extinguishing effect can be realized after a long time of adding the fire extinguisher, the fire extinguishing cost is high, and the fire extinguisher storage capacity for handling sudden fires is insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fire extinguishing material and a preparation method thereof, and the prepared fire extinguishing material can realize cooling, oxygen isolation and long-time oxygen isolation, has high fire extinguishing speed, small consumption and good covering effect, is used for controlling combustible materials with strong combustion capability and high afterburning possibility, and reduces the influence possibly caused by uncontrollable fire.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the fire extinguishing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the preparation method of the fire extinguishing material comprises the following steps:
step one: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding N-isopropyl acrylamide in parts by weight, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 0.5-1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, adding sodium acrylate in parts by weight, continuously stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 0.5-1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, adding an initiator and a catalyst in parts by weight, and stirring at a speed of 80-100 r/min for 24-36 h at room temperature to obtain a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution;
step two: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding sodium silicate, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 15-30 min, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 15-30 min, adding glacial acetic acid, and stirring at a speed of 200-400 r/min for 1-15 min to obtain silica gel;
step three: mixing the temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution obtained in the first step with the silica gel obtained in the second step, adding the rest deionized water, soaking for 1-2 hours in vacuum, adding the modified fluorine protein and the foaming agent in parts by weight, adding the silane coupling agent in parts by weight, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at a speed of 300-800 r/min to obtain the fire extinguishing material.
The modified fluorine protein is core-shell coated fluorine protein, the wall material of the core-shell structure is starch-chitosan hydrogel, the core material is FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid, namely, modified starch solution and modified chitosan solution are respectively prepared, then the modified starch solution, the modified chitosan solution and the FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid are respectively filled in three injectors with the same specification, the three injectors are simultaneously pressed at the same speed, the modified starch solution, the modified chitosan solution and the FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid simultaneously enter the mixer, and are mixed in the mixer, the mixture in the mixer is rapidly sprayed into liquid drops, and the liquid drops are received in clean air by a filter screen, so that the modified fluorine protein is obtained.
The modified starch solution is prepared by taking hydroxyethyl starch with a certain mass, adding hydrogen peroxide and perchloric acid with a certain mass, soaking for 30min, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, keeping for 10min, adding deionized water with a certain mass, and stirring for 2-4 h to obtain the modified starch solution; the mass ratio of the modified starch solution in the preparation is hydroxyethyl starch: hydrogen peroxide: perchloric acid: absolute ethyl alcohol: deionized water = 5:5 to 7:5 to 7:1: 40-50.
The modified chitosan solution is prepared by adding 10 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan into 200-600 ml of saturated sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, stirring until the solution is completely dissolved, sequentially adding an anhydrous ethylenediamine solution and carbodiimide hydrochloride, adjusting the pH to be slightly acidic, and stirring for 6-10 hours under heating in a water bath at 30-45 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan solution; the mass ratio of the modified chitosan solution in the preparation is carboxymethyl chitosan: anhydrous ethylenediamine solution: carbodiimide hydrochloride = 1:5:2.
the initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ferrous chloride and sodium metabisulfite.
The catalyst is one or more of tetramethyl ethylene diamine, triethylamine, N-dimethylbenzylamine and triethanolamine.
The sodium silicate is neutral liquid sodium silicate.
The foaming agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl alcohol ether sulfate, sodium olefin sulfonate, alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and silicone polyether emulsion.
The silane coupling agent is one or more of amino silane, N-beta- (aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-mercaptopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane and gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane.
The third step is vacuum soaking, and the vacuum condition is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 ～1×10 -4 Pa, and the temperature of vacuum soaking is 25-35 ℃.
N-isopropyl acrylamide with chemical formula of C 6 H 11 NO, white crystallization, low melting point, water solubility, heat-sensitive material, can be used for preparing functional films with temperature-sensitive performance and temperature-controlled gel; sodium acrylate of formula C 3 H 3 O 2 Na, white superfine powder, dissolve in water, solution is clear and transparent. N-isopropyl acrylamide and sodium acrylate form temperature-sensitive hydrogel under certain conditions, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is used as environment-responsive intelligent gel, when the environment temperature slightly changes near the low critical solution temperature (LCST, lower Critical Solution Temperature), the temperature-sensitive hydrogel can generate discontinuous phase transition or sol/gel transition, when the temperature is lower than the LCST of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel absorbs water and swells to form colorless transparent solution, the viscosity is lower, the fluidity is good, when the temperature is higher than the LCST, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel forms colloid containing a large amount of water due to discontinuous phase transition, and the formed viscous colloid covers the surface of a firing object, so that the water utilization rate and the fire extinguishing efficiency can be effectively improved.
The sodium silicate solution is neutral, and the ions in the solution are only H 2 SiO 2 -4 And H 3 SiO -4 . Along with the addition of glacial acetic acid, when the solution is acidic, silicic acid molecules and silicic acid ions carry out hydroxyl-linked reaction to generate bisilicic acid, and the bisilicic acid is continuously polymerized to form silica gel, at the moment, silicon dioxide particles can be condensed to form Si-O-Si bonds, so that the colloid has certain strength, a high-molecular long-chain substance polyvinyl alcohol is added into pure water glass gel to modify the colloid, and the polyvinyl alcohol molecular chain is inserted among sodium silicate molecules, so that the acting force among sodium silicate molecules is enhanced, the gel structure is more compact, the gel is not easy to break, and the integrity is stronger.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention uses N-isopropyl acrylamide, sodium acrylate and deionized water to prepare a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution with temperature-sensitive property under the action of an initiator and a catalyst; sodium silicate is used for preparing silica gel by simultaneously adding long-chain polyvinyl alcohol under the action of glacial acetic acid; the modified fluorine protein, the temperature-sensitive hydrogel and the silica gel which form a core-shell structure by using the modified starch-chitosan hydrogel as a shell layer and the fluorine protein as a core layer are partially combined with each other and foamed into foam gel under the action of the silane coupling agent and the foaming agent to form the final fire extinguishing material, and meanwhile, the temperature reduction, oxygen isolation and long-time oxygen isolation can be realized.
2. The difficulty in the preparation process of the temperature-sensitive hydrogel is reduced by using the initiator and the catalyst, so that the temperature-sensitive hydrogel can be smoothly carried out at room temperature and has water absorption, swelling absorption and good fluidity; the formed temperature-sensitive hydrogel has a low critical dissolution temperature of 55-100 ℃, is suitable for being used in a fire-extinguishing scene, is matched with the use of silica gel, can form a mixed covering layer of the temperature-sensitive gel and the silica gel on the surface of a combustible in the fire-extinguishing scene, and can be covered on the surface of the combustible for a long time by fixing part of water, so that the combustible is cooled for a long time, and meanwhile, the contact between oxygen and the combustible is blocked, and the further combustion is prevented. .
3. The temperature sensitive hydrogel base solution and the silica gel form foam gel under the action of the silane coupling agent and the foaming agent, the advantages of the colloid and the foam are combined, and the colloid can be used as a foam framework to prevent foam from cracking after gelling; meanwhile, the foam has fluidity, so that the fire extinguishing range is wider, the defects of poor fluidity and small volume of single gel, which are caused by a large amount of materials, are overcome, the gel contains a large amount of water and gas, oxygen can be diluted when the foam breaks, the water in the gel can also play a role in cooling, the water is heated and evaporated, the oxygen on the surface of the combustible material is further and continuously diluted, and the combustion is continuously blocked.
4. The hydrogen peroxide and perchloric acid with strong oxidability can identify the adjacent hydroxyl structure site, so that the adjacent hydroxyl structure site is oxidized and broken to generate an aldehyde structure, and a more aldehyde group active site is introduced into the hydroxyethyl starch; using anhydrous ethylenediamine, activating carboxyl groups in carboxymethyl chitosan under the action of carbodiimide hydrochloride serving as a catalyst, combining the carboxyl groups to generate an amide structure, and introducing amino active sites into the carboxymethyl chitosan; when the aldehyde group is combined with the amino group, schiff base reaction can be quickly carried out to generate hydrogel, and in addition, the hydrogel is mixed with the fluorine protein foam liquid in the process of meeting the aldehyde group and the amino group to form the hydrogel, so that the hydrogel is coated on the outer layer of the fluorine protein foam liquid to form a core-shell structure. The outer shell layer is starch-chitosan hydrogel, when the fire-extinguishing agent is used for extinguishing a fire, the hydrogel is carbonized into a carbonized layer after moisture is evaporated, the carbonized layer is attached to the surface of a combustible substance, the high temperature resistance and the flame retardance are good, the further progress of combustion is prevented, and the fluorine protein foam liquid in the core layer can be further released to continuously realize the aim of extinguishing the fire.
5. The silane coupling agent is used for combining the temperature-sensitive gel, the silica gel and the modified fluorine protein together, so that the uniformity and the stability of the whole prepared fire extinguishing material are assisted, the separation of all components in the fire extinguishing material can not be caused, and the fire extinguishing capability of the fire extinguishing material is ensured.
Detailed Description
The following description of the present invention will be made clearly and fully, and it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The fire extinguishing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of N-isopropyl acrylamide, 16 parts of sodium acrylate, 16 parts of sodium silicate, 2 parts of glacial acetic acid, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10 parts of modified fluorine protein, 2 parts of foaming agent, 0.2 part of initiator, 0.5 part of catalyst, 1 part of silane coupling agent and 500 parts of deionized water,
the preparation method of the fire extinguishing material comprises the following steps:
step one: adding one third of deionized water in parts by weight into a stirring container, adding N-isopropyl acrylamide in parts by weight, stirring at a speed of 80r/min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5h, adding sodium acrylate in parts by weight, continuously stirring at a speed of 80r/min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5h, adding an initiator and a catalyst in parts by weight, and stirring at a speed of 80r/min at room temperature for 24h to obtain a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution;
step two: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding sodium silicate, stirring at a speed of 800r/min for 15min, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring at a speed of 80r/min for 15min, adding glacial acetic acid, and stirring at a speed of 200r/min for 1min to obtain silica gel;
step three: mixing the temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution obtained in the first step with the silica gel obtained in the second step, adding the rest deionized water, soaking for 1h in vacuum, adding the modified fluorine protein and the foaming agent in parts by weight, adding the silane coupling agent in parts by weight, and stirring for 0.5h at the speed of 300r/min to obtain the fire extinguishing material.
Example 2
The fire extinguishing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of N-isopropyl acrylamide, 25 parts of sodium acrylate, 32 parts of sodium silicate, 5 parts of glacial acetic acid, 5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 25 parts of modified fluorine protein, 6 parts of foaming agent, 1 part of initiator, 1 part of catalyst, 5 parts of silane coupling agent and 900 parts of deionized water,
the preparation method of the fire extinguishing material comprises the following steps:
step one: adding one third of deionized water in parts by weight into a stirring container, adding N-isopropyl acrylamide in parts by weight, stirring at a speed of 120r/min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 1h, adding sodium acrylate in parts by weight, continuously stirring at a speed of 120r/min under a nitrogen atmosphere for 1h, adding an initiator and a catalyst in parts by weight, and stirring at a speed of 100r/min at room temperature for 36h to obtain a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution;
step two: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding sodium silicate, stirring at a speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring at a speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding glacial acetic acid, and stirring at a speed of 400r/min for 15min to obtain silica gel;
step three: mixing the temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution obtained in the first step with the silica gel obtained in the second step, adding the rest deionized water, soaking for 2 hours in vacuum, adding the modified fluorine protein and the foaming agent in parts by weight, adding the silane coupling agent in parts by weight, and stirring for 2 hours at a speed of 800r/min to obtain the fire extinguishing material.
Example 3
The fire extinguishing material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of N-isopropyl acrylamide, 20 parts of sodium acrylate, 26 parts of sodium silicate, 3 parts of glacial acetic acid, 4 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 20 parts of modified fluorine protein, 4 parts of foaming agent, 0.8 part of initiator, 0.8 part of catalyst, 3 parts of silane coupling agent and 700 parts of deionized water,
the preparation method of the fire extinguishing material comprises the following steps:
step one: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding N-isopropyl acrylamide in parts by weight, stirring at a speed of 80r/min under nitrogen atmosphere for 0.7h, adding sodium acrylate in parts by weight, continuously stirring at a speed of 120r/min under nitrogen atmosphere for 0.5-1 h, adding an initiator and a catalyst in parts by weight, and stirring at a speed of 90r/min at room temperature for 30h to obtain a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution;
step two: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding sodium silicate, stirring at a speed of 100r/min for 20min, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring at a speed of 90r/min for 25min, adding glacial acetic acid, and stirring at a speed of 300r/min for 8min to obtain silica gel;
step three: mixing the temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution obtained in the first step with the silica gel obtained in the second step, adding the rest deionized water, soaking for 1h in vacuum, adding the modified fluorine protein and the foaming agent in parts by weight, adding the silane coupling agent in parts by weight, and stirring for 1h at a speed of 500r/min to obtain the fire extinguishing material.
Fire extinguishing performance test: according to GB17835-2008, a class A fire extinguishing experiment table is built and a fire extinguishing efficiency comparison experiment is carried out, the pre-burning time of a wood pile is 8min, when the wood pile burns and the fire intensity is high, the fire extinguishing materials prepared correspondingly are added in the examples 1-3, the fire extinguishing materials respectively added in the comparative examples are as follows, and the comparative example 1: comparative example 2, without using fire extinguishing material: water is a fire extinguishing material; the results obtained are shown in the table;
and (3) coverage effect test: spraying and wrapping fire preventing and extinguishing materials on combustible materials, standing for 24 hours, detecting the coverage area of the fire extinguishing materials on the combustible materials, calculating the ratio of the coverage area of the fire extinguishing materials on the combustible materials after standing to the total area of the combustible materials, and when the ratio is more than 95%, determining that the coverage effect is excellent, and when the ratio is 85% -95%, determining that the coverage effect is good:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Open flame extinguishing time(s) | 105 | 86 | 94 | 1298 | 109 |
| Total extinguishing time(s) | 135 | 119 | 128 | 3849 | 167 |
| Fire extinguishing agent dosage (mL) | 2900 | 2000 | 2500 | - | 6500 |
| Covering effect | Excellent (excellent) | Excellent (excellent) | Excellent (excellent) | - | - |
As shown in the table above, the fire extinguishing material prepared by the invention has the characteristics of high fire extinguishing speed, small consumption and good coverage effect, and belongs to a high-efficiency fire extinguishing material.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art will readily recognize that variations or substitutions are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (5)
1. The fire extinguishing material is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the modified fluorine protein is core-shell coated fluorine protein, the wall material of the core-shell structure is starch-chitosan hydrogel, the core material is FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid, namely, modified starch solution and modified chitosan solution are respectively prepared, then the modified starch solution, the modified chitosan solution and the FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid are respectively filled in three injectors with the same specification, the three injectors are simultaneously pressed at the same speed, the modified starch solution, the modified chitosan solution and the FP-6% fluorine protein foam liquid simultaneously enter the mixer, and are mixed in the mixer, the mixture in the mixer is rapidly sprayed into liquid drops, and the liquid drops are received in clean air by a filter screen, so that the modified fluorine protein is obtained;
the modified starch solution is prepared by taking hydroxyethyl starch with a certain mass, adding hydrogen peroxide and perchloric acid with a certain mass, soaking for 30min, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, keeping for 10min, adding deionized water with a certain mass, and stirring for 2-4 h to obtain the modified starch solution; the mass ratio of the modified starch solution in the preparation is hydroxyethyl starch: hydrogen peroxide: perchloric acid: absolute ethyl alcohol: deionized water = 5:5 to 7:5 to 7:1: 40-50 percent;
the modified chitosan solution is prepared by adding 10 parts by weight of carboxymethyl chitosan into 200-600 ml of saturated sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution, stirring until the solution is completely dissolved, sequentially adding an anhydrous ethylenediamine solution and carbodiimide hydrochloride, adjusting the pH to be slightly acidic, and stirring for 6-10 hours under heating in a water bath at 30-45 ℃ to obtain the modified chitosan solution; the mass ratio of the modified chitosan solution in the preparation is carboxymethyl chitosan: anhydrous ethylenediamine solution: carbodiimide hydrochloride = 1:5:2;
the initiator is one or more of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, ferrous chloride and sodium metabisulfite;
the catalyst is one or more of tetramethyl ethylene diamine, triethylamine, N-dimethylbenzylamine and triethanolamine;
the preparation method of the fire extinguishing material comprises the following steps:
step one: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding N-isopropyl acrylamide in parts by weight, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 0.5-1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, adding sodium acrylate in parts by weight, continuously stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 0.5-1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, adding an initiator and a catalyst in parts by weight, and stirring at a speed of 80-100 r/min for 24-36 h at room temperature to obtain a temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution;
step two: adding one third of deionized water into a stirring container, adding sodium silicate, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 15-30 min, adding polyvinyl alcohol, stirring at a speed of 80-120 r/min for 15-30 min, adding glacial acetic acid, and stirring at a speed of 200-400 r/min for 1-15 min to obtain silica gel;
step three: mixing the temperature-sensitive hydrogel base solution obtained in the first step with the silica gel obtained in the second step, adding the rest deionized water, soaking for 1-2 hours in vacuum, adding the modified fluorine protein and the foaming agent in parts by weight, adding the silane coupling agent in parts by weight, and stirring for 0.5-2 hours at a speed of 300-800 r/min to obtain the fire extinguishing material.
2. A fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sodium silicate is neutral liquid sodium silicate.
3. A fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foaming agent is one or more of sodium dodecyl alcohol ether sulfate, sodium olefin sulfonate, alpha-sodium alkenyl sulfonate and silicone polyether emulsion.
4. A fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the silane coupling agent is one or more of amino silane, N-beta- (aminoethyl) -gamma-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-mercaptopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane and gamma- (methacryloyloxy) propyl trimethoxy silane.
5. A fire extinguishing material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the third step is vacuum soaking, and the vacuum condition is 1 multiplied by 10 -3 ～1×10 -4 Pa, and the temperature of vacuum soaking is 25-35 ℃.
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