CN110448851B - Core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110448851B CN110448851B CN201910839124.1A CN201910839124A CN110448851B CN 110448851 B CN110448851 B CN 110448851B CN 201910839124 A CN201910839124 A CN 201910839124A CN 110448851 B CN110448851 B CN 110448851B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
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Abstract
The invention discloses a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing, wherein the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of shell material and 85-98 parts of core material; the core material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention is a clean, environment-friendly, safe and nontoxic fire extinguishing medium, has the advantages of simple preparation process, high cooling speed, good fluidity, low corrosivity on storage equipment and conveying pipelines, good stability and wide application range, can quickly extinguish gas, liquid and solid fires, cannot generate harmful gas and cause environmental pollution in the fire extinguishing process, and has good economic and social benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing materials, in particular to a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
In the traditional fire extinguishing agent, water and dry powder have the characteristics of low price, rich resources, quick fire extinguishing, suitability for various types of fire and the like, and are regarded as main substitutes of Halon fire extinguishing agents. However, water extinguishment still belongs to the physical action category, the efficiency is low, although the extinguishment efficiency can be improved by adding additives into water or using a fine water mist to extinguish fire, due to the low vaporization temperature of water, fog drops are often vaporized in an area close to or even far away from flame, and are difficult to convey to a flame reaction core area to play a cooling effect and a chemical extinguishment effect. In addition, water does not have a covering fire extinguishing function, so that the contact between the fuel liquid level and air cannot be effectively blocked, and the recombustion is possible at any time even if the fire is extinguished. The dry powder has a certain covering effect in the fire extinguishing process, but has no cooling effect, and has poor fluidity, so that the application place is limited by the performance of the dry powder. In addition, the extinguishing efficiency and the universality of the water or dry powder extinguishing agent are to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a clean, environment-friendly, safe and nontoxic core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium capable of quickly extinguishing gas, liquid and solid fires.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of shell material and 85-98 parts of core material;
the core material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion.
Preferably, the shell material is one or more of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite and bentonite.
Preferably, the mass concentration of the solute in the core material is 0.01-40%.
Preferably, the potassium salt in the potassium salt aqueous solution is an inorganic potassium salt and/or an organic potassium salt; and the iron salt in the iron salt dispersion liquid is ferrocene.
Preferably, the coating further comprises 0.1-2 parts of an additive in parts by weight.
Preferably, the additive is one or a mixture of more of high-hydrogen methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, sodium alginate, epoxy resin, acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and gluconolactone.
The invention provides a preparation method of the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium, which is characterized in that after a shell material and a core material are mixed, the shell material is coated on the surface of the core material, so that the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium is obtained.
Preferably, the mixing of the shell material and the core material further comprises adding an additive to the resulting system.
Preferably, the mixing is carried out under the condition of stirring or shaking, the stirring speed is 8000-15000 r/min, and the time is 10-40 s; the oscillation frequency is 100-600 rpm, and the time is 1-20 min.
The invention also provides the application of the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium in the technical scheme or the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in extinguishing gas, liquid and solid fire.
The invention provides a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of shell material and 85-98 parts of core material; the core material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion. Compared with the traditional fire extinguishing agent, the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium has the following advantages:
1) the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention can play roles of cooling water and diluted oxygen suffocation, and can play roles of chemical free radical annihilation and oxygen covering isolation of a nuclear material containing fire extinguishing active components, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency is improved;
2) the core material containing the fire extinguishing active component is wrapped by the shell material for the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium to form micron-sized small particles, so that the contact area of the fire extinguishing active component and flame is increased, and the using amount of a fire extinguishing agent is reduced;
3) under the protection of the shell, the core-shell structure powder extinguishing medium provided by the invention can effectively control the separation and evaporation of the extinguishing components in the shell before reaching the vicinity of flame, thereby improving the extinguishing efficiency;
4) the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention can quickly extinguish gas, liquid and solid fires, and has wide application range and good universality;
5) the core-shell structure fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention is simple and convenient in preparation method, has good fluidity, low corrosivity on storage equipment and conveying pipelines, good stability and good effects of extinguishing fire and inhibiting reburning;
6) the core-shell structure fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention is clean, environment-friendly, safe and nontoxic.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a core-shell structure fire extinguishing material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing material prepared in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope image of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing material prepared in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing material prepared in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the fire extinguishing effect of the experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of a fire extinguishing experimental apparatus.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of shell material and 85-98 parts of core material;
the core material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion.
In the present invention, all the raw material components are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art unless otherwise specified.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium comprise 2-10 parts by weight of shell materials, preferably 4.5-5 parts by weight. In the invention, the shell material is one or more of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite and bentonite. In the present invention, the particle size of the shell material is preferably less than 100 μm, more preferably less than 30 μm. In the invention, the shell material is preferably subjected to hydrophobic treatment to prepare the core-shell structure powder extinguishing medium, and in a specific embodiment of the invention, silicon dioxide is subjected to hexamethyldisilazane to obtain hydrophobic silicon dioxide for preparing the core-shell structure powder extinguishing medium. The shell material adopted by the invention has excellent high temperature resistance, can improve the retention time of the fire extinguishing material with the core-shell structure in a flame area and release liquid drops when reaching the central area of the flame, thereby achieving better and more efficient fire extinguishing effect.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium comprise 85-98 parts of core materials by weight, preferably 90-98 parts of core materials by weight. In the present invention, the core material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion, and the mass concentration of the solute is preferably 0.01 to 40%, and more preferably 0.1 to 30%. In the present invention, the potassium salt in the aqueous potassium salt solution is preferably an inorganic potassium salt and/or an organic potassium salt, and more preferably one or a mixture of several of potassium nitrate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, monopotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium oxalate, bitetrazole potassium salt, azotetrazole potassium salt, benzoic acid potassium salt, terephthalic acid potassium salt, phthalic acid potassium salt, sorbic acid potassium salt, stearic acid potassium salt, and dihydroxy glyoxime potassium salt. In the present invention, the iron salt in the iron salt dispersion is preferably ferrocene.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium preferably comprise 0.1-2 parts of additives, more preferably 0.5-2 parts of additives, based on the weight parts of the shell material. In the invention, the additive is preferably one or a mixture of more of high-hydrogen methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, sodium alginate, epoxy resin, acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and gluconolactone. In the present invention, the additive has a dispersing and sealing action, and can more tightly seal the core material containing the fire-extinguishing active component in the shell material.
The particle size of the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention is less than 200nm, and preferably 20-150 nm.
The invention provides a preparation method of a core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium, which is characterized in that after a shell material and a core material are mixed, the shell material is coated on the surface of the core material, and the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium is obtained.
In the invention, when the preparation raw materials comprise the additive, the shell material, the core material and the additive are preferably mixed, and then the shell material is coated on the surface of the core material, so as to obtain the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium.
The invention has no special requirements on the concrete mixing mode, and adopts the conventional mixing mode in the field, so as to obtain the powder fire extinguishing medium with the core-shell structure. In the present invention, the mixing is preferably performed under stirring or shaking conditions. When the mixing is carried out under the stirring condition, the stirring speed is preferably 8000-15000 r/min, more preferably 12000-15000 r/min; the stirring time is preferably 10-40 s, and more preferably 20-30 s.
When the mixing is carried out under the oscillation condition, the oscillation frequency is preferably 100-600 rpm, and more preferably 300-600 rpm; the oscillation time is preferably 1-20 min.
In the invention, the mixing is preferably carried out in a liquid droplet atomization mode, and the invention has no special requirements on the specific process of liquid droplet atomization and only needs to adopt the conventional liquid droplet atomization process in the field.
In the invention, the mixing is preferably carried out in normal temperature water, and the preparation method is simple and convenient and is beneficial to saving energy consumption.
The invention also provides the application of the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium in the technical scheme or the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in extinguishing gas, liquid and solid fire. The core-shell structure fire extinguishing material provided by the invention has a wide application range, can quickly extinguish gas, liquid and solid fires, and can be widely applied to computer rooms, large oil tank fire sites, large dangerous goods storage places and the like; the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing material provided by the invention has the advantages of high cooling speed, good fluidity and low corrosivity to storage equipment and conveying pipelines; and the fire extinguishing agent has good stability, and the fire extinguishing effect is not obviously reduced after the fire extinguishing agent is stored for 6 months at room temperature. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing material provided by the invention is a clean, environment-friendly, safe and nontoxic fire extinguishing material, and does not generate harmful gas and cause environmental pollution in the fire extinguishing process.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium is prepared from water, potassium nitrate, silicon dioxide, sodium alginate and high-hydrogen-content methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil, and the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
at room temperature, pouring potassium nitrate into water, stirring until the potassium nitrate is completely dissolved, adding sodium alginate, and uniformly stirring;
and pouring the liquid into a stirring container of a high-speed stirrer, sequentially adding silicon dioxide and methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil with high hydrogen content, and continuously stirring for 30s at the rotating speed of 15000r/min to obtain the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium.
Example 2
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the preparation raw materials and the mass percentage thereof are as follows:
example 3
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the preparation raw materials and the mass percentage thereof are as follows:
example 4
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the preparation raw materials and the mass percentage thereof are as follows:
example 5
The preparation method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, except that the preparation raw materials and the mass percentage thereof are as follows:
test examples
The core-shell structure fire extinguishing agent prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the traditional fire extinguishing agent are subjected to fire extinguishing performance detection, and the fire extinguishing effect is shown in figure 5; wherein, the fire source and the specific detection method are as follows:
in order to reduce the influence of environmental factors and manual operation on experimental results to the maximum extent, the fire extinguishing experiment is carried out at 1m3(1.2m is multiplied by 0.7m is multiplied by 1.2m) in a box body, and the top of the box body is provided with a dry water discharge device which comprises a storage tank and a nozzle: the maximum powder storage amount of the storage tank is 500g, the inner diameter of the nozzle is 1.8mm, the cone angle is 60 degrees, and the spray angle range is 5-7 degrees; the jet orifice is located 1m above the center of the bottom of the oil pan. The diameter of the oil pan for experiment is 30cm, and the fuel for experiment is cyclohexane (purity is more than 99 percent); 4 nichrome K-type thermocouples are used for measuring the temperature at different flame heights, a No. 1 thermocouple close to the oil pan is arranged at a position 6cm away from the center of the bottom, 2-4 thermocouples are respectively arranged at a distance from the No. 1 thermocouple from near to far, and the interval of each thermocouple is 10 cm; the acquisition of temperature data adopts a Tuopuri TP700 multi-path data recorder, and 4 temperature data are acquired per second; the box body is provided with an observation window for observing the combustion form and extinguishing process of the flame under the action of the powder; by pneumatic application of dry waterIn the form, a high-pressure nitrogen cylinder is directly connected with a dry water storage tank, the applied pressure is controlled by adjusting a pressure reducing valve on the cylinder, and the detailed structure of the experimental device is shown in fig. 6.
The experimental process is as follows: weighing the net mass M1 of the dry water storage tank, weighing the fire extinguishing agent with the mass M2-200 g, filling the fire extinguishing agent into the storage tank, and adjusting a pressure reducing valve to enable the filling pressure in the tank in the storage tank to be 1 MPa; opening a box door, loading 50mL of cyclohexane into an oil pan, igniting the cyclohexane, keeping the box door in an open state, pre-burning for 30s, closing the box door, applying a fire extinguishing agent 5s after the box door is closed, stopping applying the fire extinguishing agent after the flame is extinguished, and weighing the mass M3 of the storage tank, wherein the actual dosage M of the fire extinguishing agent is M1+ M2-M3; recording the experiment process by using a digital camera, repeating each group of experiments at least 5 times and averaging; if a certain fire extinguishing agent fails to extinguish the fire, increasing the mass of the fire extinguishing agent in the storage tank until the mass required by successful fire extinguishing is obtained; the error of the experimental result is + -10% considering the uncertainty of time and mass in the fire extinguishing experiment.
Wherein, ODP is common dry powder extinguishing agent, GDW is gel type dry water extinguishing agent, UDP is superfine dry powder extinguishing agent. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the fire extinguishing effect can be achieved only by using 37.09-46.47 g of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing agent provided by the embodiment 1; the fire extinguishing effect can be achieved only by using 38.61-47.03 g of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing agent provided by the embodiment 2; the fire extinguishing effect can be achieved only by using 44.5-46.98 g of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing agent provided by the embodiment 3; the fire extinguishing effect can be achieved only by using 42.26-45.36 g of the core-shell structure fire extinguishing agent provided by embodiment 4. The invention can realize fire extinguishing on the premise of using a small amount of core-shell structure fire extinguishing materials, and has better fire extinguishing effect compared with the traditional fire extinguishing materials.
The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium provided by the invention can play roles of cooling, temperature reduction, oxygen dilution and suffocation of water, can play a role of extinguishing by annihilation of chemical free radicals of fire extinguishing active components and covering and isolating oxygen, is suitable for extinguishing various common fires, is a clean, environment-friendly, safe and nontoxic fire extinguishing medium, and has the advantages of simple preparation process, high temperature reduction speed, good fluidity, low corrosivity on storage equipment and conveying pipelines, wide application range, high fire extinguishing efficiency and good stability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 2-10 parts of shell material and 85-98 parts of core material; 0.1-2 parts of an additive;
the nuclear material is a potassium salt aqueous solution or an iron salt dispersion liquid;
the shell material is one or more of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, montmorillonite and bentonite;
the additive is one or a mixture of more of methyl hydrogen-containing silicone oil with high hydrogen content, sodium alginate, epoxy resin, acrylamide, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, polyethylene glycol 300, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 600, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, chitosan, sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate, sodium acrylate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and gluconolactone.
2. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium according to claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of solute in the core material is 0.01-40%.
3. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium according to claim 2, wherein the potassium salt in the potassium salt aqueous solution is an inorganic potassium salt and/or an organic potassium salt; and the iron salt in the iron salt dispersion liquid is ferrocene.
4. A preparation method of the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after a shell material and a core material are mixed, the shell material is coated on the surface of the core material to obtain the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium;
mixing the shell material and the core material, and adding an additive into the obtained system.
5. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the mixing is performed under stirring or shaking conditions, wherein the stirring speed is 8000 to 15000r/min and the time is 10 to 40 s; the oscillation frequency is 100-600 rpm, and the time is 1-20 min.
6. The core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the core-shell structure powder fire extinguishing medium prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 4 to 5 is applied to extinguishing gas, liquid and solid fires.
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| CN111821643A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-10-27 | 中国人民警察大学 | Submillimeter-level liquid core microcapsule fire extinguishing medium for extinguishing liquid fuel fire |
| CN112642089B (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2022-03-04 | 陕西科技大学 | Perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing bomb and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103170085A (en) * | 2011-12-20 | 2013-06-26 | 陕西坚瑞消防股份有限公司 | Fire-extinguishing composition covered by organic material |
| CN103877691A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-25 | 中国科学技术大学苏州研究院 | Core-shell type composite fire-extinguishing powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN109420281A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2019-03-05 | 西安威西特消防科技有限责任公司 | A kind of microcapsules self-extinguishing agent |
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