CN114916615A

CN114916615A - Feed, preparation method and application thereof, and method for improving mutton quality

Info

Publication number: CN114916615A
Application number: CN202210543375.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭同军; 古再丽努尔·艾麦提; 陈颜旭; 侯良忠; 袁芳; 苏玲玲; 杜保军; 熊聚平; 李亮; 高雪峰; 朱宁
Original assignee: Forage Institute Xinjiang Academy Of Animal Sciences
Current assignee: Forage Institute Xinjiang Academy Of Animal Sciences
Priority date: 2022-05-18
Filing date: 2022-05-18
Publication date: 2022-08-19

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for improving mutton quality. The feed comprises, by mass, 10% -56% of corn straws, 18% -30% of corns, 2% -14% of wheat bran, 6% -18% of soybean meal, 0.5% -1% of salt, 1% -2% of sodium bicarbonate, 1% -1.7% of a mineral vitamin compound premix and 4% -36% of marigold meal, and can effectively reduce the contents of cholesterol and thiamine in the longissimus dorsi muscle of mutton sheep, improve the contents of inosinic acid, amino acid and fatty acid and achieve the purpose of improving the quality of mutton sheep on the premise of not affecting the production performance of the mutton sheep.

Description

Feed, preparation method and application thereof, and method for improving mutton quality

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed processing, and particularly relates to a feed, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for improving mutton quality.

Background

Mutton has the advantages of high protein content, low cholesterol and fat content and the like, particularly lamb mutton has the characteristics of large lean meat proportion, delicious and juicy taste, tender muscle fiber, easy digestion by human bodies, health-care effect and the like, mutton is accepted by more and more people, and the mutton industry becomes an irreparable part in the animal husbandry. With the improvement of the living standard of people, the requirements of people on the meat quality are more and more strict.

At present, various additives are usually added into sheep feed to accelerate the growth and weight gain of sheep, and the additives comprise concentrated feed, medicines or other substances capable of providing nutritional ingredients to increase the types and the contents of the nutritional ingredients in the feed, but the growth of sheep is influenced, the resistance of sheep is reduced and the quality of mutton is reduced due to the composition difference of daily ration or the special effect of main ingredients. Chinese patent (application number: CN201710305373.3) discloses a green feed for improving mutton quality, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sorghum, 5-15 parts of rice chaff, 8-14 parts of straw, 10-18 parts of radish leaves, 30-40 parts of high-protein materials, 2-8 parts of cottonseed meal compounds, 2-4 parts of Chinese herbal medicines, 0.1-0.2 part of L-tyrosine, 0.1-0.2 part of lecithin, 0.05-0.09 part of phytase, 0.1-0.2 part of trace elements, 1-2 parts of marinated epimedium herb, 0.5-1.2 parts of calcium hydrophosphate and 1-2 parts of salt. The feed contains various nutrients required by sheep growth, has effects of removing toxic substances, invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, controlling and increasing rumen fermentation rate, thereby increasing sheep growth speed and feed nutrition conversion rate, improving mutton quality, and enhancing immunity. However, the raw materials for regulating the meat effect in the finished feed comprise Chinese herbal medicines, the epimedium brevicornum and other components, and have higher price and narrower sources. Therefore, the daily ration formula which is low in price and convenient in source and can change the main effective components of meat quality is needed, so that the production performance of the mutton sheep can be improved, and the mutton quality can be improved.

Marigold is an annual herb of marigold of the family Compositae, and is widely used in drugs, foods, cosmetics and the like due to the fact that active ingredients such as lutein, volatile oil, diluted terpenes, chlorogenic acid, flavone, glucoside and the like are contained. The marigold meal is a byproduct of marigold flowers after volatile oil and lutein are extracted, is green or light yellow powder, has sour taste and special smell, and is rich in flavone, polyphenol, organic acid and other components. Marigold meal is applied to poultry, rabbits and aquaculture industry, for example, Zhao warship (application of the chrysanthemum meal in daily ration of laying hens [ D ]. Hebei: Hebei agriculture university, 2015.) finds that adding 3% marigold meal can obviously reduce the cholesterol content of egg yolk and improve the color of eggs without changing the production performance of the laying hens; wangxu (application of chrysanthemum powder in rabbit feed [ J ] Jiangxi feed, 2010(2):41.) discloses that the addition proportion is more suitable for 5-20%, the effect of the additive for rabbit production can be compared favorably with that of alfalfa meal, but the higher additive amount can cause diarrhea; liuchundong (effect of chrysanthemum powder applied to aquaculture [ J ]. animal science and animal medicine, 2002,19(2):62.) discloses that 5% of marigold meal can enhance the physique of carps and improve the body color; he Zong Lin et al (influence of feeding fiber pellet feed on weaned lamb production performance [ J ]. herbivorous livestock 2014(4):38-41.) disclose that 22.5% of marigold meal is added into lamb ration, and the daily weight gain of lambs is obviously improved compared with that of a group without added grass meal.

However, manine et al (influence of addition of caragana microphylla to granular ration on Tan sheep growth performance, biochemical indicators of blood, rumen fermentation and mutton quality [ J ] animal husbandry and feed science, 2021,42(3):14-20,38.) disclose that ration containing 10% chrysanthemum meal shows a relevant content of negative feedback effect in mutton quality compared to that containing caragana microphylla. In view of the excellent characteristics of the marigold meal, how to fully utilize the marigold meal to realize the purpose of taking the marigold meal as a functional feed ingredient, improving the production performance of mutton sheep and improving the quality of mutton is still a key problem to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a feed, a preparation method and application thereof, and a method for improving mutton quality. The feed provided by the invention can improve the growth performance of mutton sheep and improve the mutton quality.

The invention provides a feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 56 percent of corn straws, 18 to 30 percent of corns, 2 to 14 percent of wheat bran, 6 to 18 percent of soybean meal, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 2 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 1 to 1.7 percent of mineral and vitamin compound premix and 4 to 36 percent of marigold meal.

Preferably, the feed comprises 28-56% of corn straws, 18-30% of corns, 2-8% of wheat bran, 10-18% of soybean meal, 0.5-1% of salt, 1-2% of sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6% of mineral vitamin compound premix and 4-28% of marigold meal.

Preferably, the feed comprises 30-55% of corn straws, 18-30% of corns, 2-5% of wheat bran, 13-18% of soybean meal, 0.5-1% of salt, 1-2% of sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6% of mineral vitamin compound premix and 8-25% of marigold meal.

Preferably, the vitamins in the mineral vitamin compound premix comprise VA and VD ₃ And VE, the minerals include one or more of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I, and Co.

Preferably, based on 1kg of the mineral vitamin compound premix, VA is more than or equal to 1000000IU and VD ₃ ≥65000IU，VE≥5000mg，Fe≥2000mg，Cu≥1750mg，Zn≥5500mg，Mn≥2550mg，Se≥75mg，I≥70mg，Co≥40mg。

The invention also provides a preparation method of the feed, which comprises the following steps:

mixing the corn straw, corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, salt, sodium bicarbonate, mineral vitamin compound premix and marigold meal.

Preferably, the mixing mode comprises stirring, and the stirring time is 45-60 min.

The invention also provides application of the feed in the technical scheme in improving the production performance of the mutton sheep and/or improving the quality of the mutton sheep.

The invention also provides a method for improving mutton quality, and the feed provided by the technical scheme is used for feeding mutton sheep.

Preferably, the feed is fed every morning and evening at intervals of 10-12 h; the residual amount of the feed is 10% -15% every day.

The feed provided by the invention comprises corn straws, corns, wheat bran, soybean meal, salt, sodium bicarbonate, a mineral vitamin compound premix and marigold meal. The raw materials of the components of the feed all contain energy and protein, wherein the marigold meal is residue of marigold flowers after xanthophyll extraction, and contains nutrient substances such as flavone, volatile oil, chlorogenic acid and the like, and the energy and the protein in the feed can be balanced by preparing the feed by mixing the marigold meal, corn straws, corns, wheat bran, soybean meal, salt, sodium bicarbonate and a mineral vitamin compound premix according to a certain proportion.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a feed which comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 56 percent of corn straws, 18 to 30 percent of corns, 2 to 15 percent of wheat bran, 6 to 18 percent of soybean meal, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 2 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 1 to 1.6 percent of mineral vitamin compound premix and 4 to 36 percent of marigold meal. In the invention, the mass percentage of each raw material in the feed is calculated by dry matter.

In the invention, the feed comprises 10-56% of corn straws, preferably 28-56%, further preferably 30-55%, more preferably 40-55%, and most preferably 45-50%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the corn stalks can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the corn stalks can be 50.48%, 41.45%, 28.62% or 11.21%.

In the invention, the feed comprises 18-30% of corn, preferably 20-28%, and more preferably 24-26%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the corn can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the corn can be 28.94%, 24.22%, 21.72% or 20.39%.

In the invention, the feed comprises 2-14% of wheat bran, preferably 2-8%, and more preferably 2-4%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the wheat bran can be arbitrarily valued within the above-defined range, and specifically, the wheat bran can be 7.08% or 3.54% by mass.

In the invention, the feed comprises 6-18% of soybean meal, preferably 10-18%, more preferably 13-18%, and even more preferably 15-16%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the soybean meal can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the soybean meal can be 16.38%, 14.1%, 10.89% or 6.41%.

In the present invention, the feed comprises 0.5% to 1% of common salt, preferably 0.6% to 0.9%, and more preferably 0.7% to 0.8%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the salt can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the salt can be 0.94%, 0.86%, 0.74%, 0.63% or 0.58%.

In the present invention, the feed comprises 1% to 2% sodium bicarbonate, preferably 1.2% to 1.8%, more preferably 1.4% to 1.6%, and even more preferably 1.5%. In the specific implementation process of the present invention, the mass percentage of the sodium bicarbonate can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the sodium bicarbonate can be 1.74%, 1.70%, 1.64%, 1.60%, 1.58%, 1.46%, 1.38%, 1.28%, or 1.15%.

In the invention, the feed comprises 1-1.7% of the mineral vitamin compound premix, preferably 1.2-1.6%, more preferably 1.3-1.5%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the mineral vitamin compound premix can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the mineral vitamin compound premix can be 1.65%, 1.55%, 1.45%, 1.35%, 1.25% or 1.15%. The vitamins in the mineral vitamin compound premix compound provided by the invention preferably comprise VA and VD ₃ And VE, further preferably VA or VD ₃ And VE; the mineral preferably comprises one or more of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I and Co, and more preferably Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I and Co. Based on 1kg of the mineral vitamin compound premix, the VA is preferably more than or equal to 1000000IU, and is further preferably 1000000 IU; the VD ₃ Preferably not less than 65000IU, more preferably 65000 IU; the preferable VE is more than or equal to 5000mg, and the more preferable VE is 5000 mg; the Fe is more than or equal to 2000mg preferably, and 2000mg is further preferably; the Cu is preferably not less than 1750mg, and more preferably 1750 mg; the Zn is preferably not less than 5500mg, and more preferably 5500 mg; the Mn is preferably not less than 2550mg, and more preferably 2550 mg; the Se is preferably more than or equal to 75mg, and is further preferably 75 mg; the I is preferably more than or equal to 70mg, and is further preferredSelecting as 70 mg; the Co content is preferably 40mg or more, more preferably 40mg or less. The invention has no strict requirement on the source of the mineral vitamin compound premix, and can be purchased or prepared by self. The mineral vitamin compound premix used in the specific implementation process is purchased from premix of Xinjiang Tiankang feed science and technology limited company.

In the invention, the feed comprises 4-36% of marigold meal, preferably 4-28%, further preferably 8-25%, and more preferably 13-16%. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the mass percentage of the marigold meal can be any value within the above-defined range, and specifically, the mass percentage of the marigold meal can be 35.01%, 25%, 15%, 12.5%, 11.5%, 10.5%, 9.5%, 8.5%, 7.5% or 5.25%. The marigold meal disclosed by the invention is preferably residue left after the lutein in marigold is extracted by using normal hexane, is non-toxic and harmless, has rich nutrient content, and is low in cost by taking the marigold meal as a feed raw material. The source of the marigold meal is not strictly required, and the marigold meal can be purchased conventionally. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the marigold meal is purchased from Kash company of Chenguang Biotechnology group.

The feed is prepared by mixing corn stalks, corns, wheat bran, soybean meal, salt, sodium bicarbonate, a mineral vitamin compound premix and marigold meal, wherein the raw materials of all the components contain energy and protein, the marigold meal contains nutrient substances such as flavone, volatile oil, chlorogenic acid and the like, and the energy and the protein in the feed can be balanced by mixing the marigold meal, the corn stalks, the corns, the wheat bran, the soybean meal, the salt, the sodium bicarbonate and the mineral vitamin compound premix according to a certain proportion. By feeding the feed disclosed by the invention, the contents of cholesterol and thiamine in the longest muscle of the back of the mutton sheep can be effectively reduced, the contents of inosinic acid, amino acid and fatty acid are increased, the purpose of improving the quality of mutton is achieved, and no toxic reaction is generated under the condition that the production performance of the mutton sheep is not influenced.

According to the invention, before the mixing, the corn straws are preferably crushed to obtain coarse materials. The crushing mode is not strictly required, and the corn straws can be crushed to 3-5 cm in length, for example, a crusher is used.

The corn, the wheat bran, the soybean meal, the salt, the sodium bicarbonate and the mineral vitamin compound premix are preferably subjected to first mixing to obtain the concentrate. The present invention does not require strict means for the first mixing, and a mixer is preferably used.

The invention preferably mixes the obtained coarse material and the fine material to obtain the feed. The mixing mode preferably comprises stirring, and the stirring time is preferably 45-60 min, more preferably 48-55 min, and more preferably 50-52 min. The mixing according to the invention preferably uses a TMR full-daily mixer (model: Sailong 9JGW-12, maximum power 22KW, processing capacity 5000 kg/h). The mixing mode of the invention can uniformly mix the coarse material and the fine material.

The preparation method is relatively convenient and simple to operate and is suitable for areas where marigold is planted in large quantities. The feed prepared by the invention can improve the content of inosinic acid, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid in meat without influencing the production performance of mutton sheep, and simultaneously reduce the cholesterol content and thiamine content of the meat, thereby improving the quality of mutton. Therefore, the application of the feed provided by the invention in improving the production performance of the mutton sheep and/or improving the quality of the mutton sheep also belongs to the protection scope of the invention.

The invention also provides a method for improving mutton quality, and the mutton sheep is fed by the feed according to the technical scheme.

The feeding mode is preferably that the feed is fed once every morning and evening at an interval of 10-12 h; the residual amount of the feed is 10-15% per day. In the specific implementation process of the invention, the residual feed after the previous feeding is preferably taken out, and fresh feed is added for the next feeding. In the specific implementation process, the feed intake is measured every day in the pre-feeding period of the mutton sheep, and the fluctuation range of the feed intake of the mutton sheep every day is found to be small; the feeding amount and the weight of the residual materials in the previous day are recorded every day in the positive feeding period of the mutton sheep, and the feeding amount is increased and decreased according to the situation of the residual materials every day, so that the sufficient feeding amount every day is ensured, and the residual 10-15 percent is remained.

The results of the embodiments of the invention show that the feed obtained according to the technical scheme of the invention can improve the content of inosinic acid, amino acid and unsaturated fatty acid in meat products, reduce the content of cholesterol and thiamine in the meat products and improve the quality of mutton without affecting the production performance of the mutton sheep. When the addition amount of the marigold meal reaches 15%, the meat quality improvement effect is good, the cholesterol content in meat can be reduced by 24.5%, the inosinic acid content is increased by 21.35%, the whole content of amino acid is increased by 29.53%, the saturated fatty acid content is reduced by 1.9%, and the unsaturated fatty acid content is increased by 2.6%.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

1. Preparing the following raw material components in percentage by mass (calculated by dry matter):

50.48% of corn straw, 5.02% of marigold meal, 20.39% of corn, 3.54% of wheat bran, 16.38% of soybean meal, 0.94% of salt, 1.6% of sodium bicarbonate and 1.65% of mineral vitamin compound premix.

2. The preparation steps are as follows:

(1) smashing the corn straws into 3-5 cm in length through a smashing machine to obtain coarse materials.

(2) Uniformly mixing corn, wheat bran, soybean meal, marigold meal, stone powder, salt, sodium bicarbonate and mineral vitamin compound premix in a mixer to obtain the concentrate.

(3) And (3) uniformly mixing the corn straw coarse material in the step (1) and the refined material in the step (2) through TMR mechanical stirring for 0.5-1 h, and then preparing the mixture into total mixed daily ration particles (namely feed) through a granulating machine.

Example 2

The difference from example 1 is that in step 1, the raw material components are prepared according to the following mass percentage (based on dry matter):

41.45% of corn stalks, 15% of marigold meal, 21.72% of corn, 3.54% of wheat bran, 14.1% of soybean meal, 0.94% of salt, 1.6% of sodium bicarbonate and 1.65% of mineral vitamin compound premix.

Example 3

28.62 percent of corn stalks, 25 percent of marigold meal, 24.22 percent of corn, 7.08 percent of wheat bran, 10.89 percent of soybean meal, 0.94 percent of salt, 1.6 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 1.65 percent of mineral vitamin compound premix.

Comparative example 1

55.54 percent of corn straws, 18.79 percent of corn, 4.04 percent of wheat bran, 17.44 percent of soybean meal, 0.94 percent of salt, 1.6 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 1.65 percent of mineral and vitamin compound premix.

Comparative example 2

The method is the same as example 1 except that the raw material components in the step 1 are prepared according to the following mass percentage (based on dry matter):

11.21 percent of corn stalks, 35.01 percent of marigold meal, 28.94 percent of corn, 14.16 percent of wheat bran, 6.41 percent of soybean meal, 0.94 percent of salt, 0.08 percent of stone powder, 1.6 percent of sodium bicarbonate and 1.65 percent of mineral vitamin compound premix.

Test example 1

The contents of crude protein, crude fiber, calcium and total phosphorus in the feeds prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are measured according to GB/T6432-2018, GB/T6434-2006, GB/T6436-2018 and GB/T6437-2018, and the nutrition levels of different feeds are determined, and the results are shown in the following table 1.

TABLE 1 feed nutrition for different treatment groups

As can be seen from Table 1, the nutritional levels of the treatment groups did not differ much.

Test example 2

1/7/2021 to 5/9/2021, respectively, in the livestock science and technology Limited, Fengtai county, Bachu, area Kaishi, Xinjiang. 40 mutton sheep with similar weight of 4-5 months old and 35 +/-0.25 kg after insect expelling are selected to be subjected to single-factor completely random test design, wherein the test period is 57 days, the pre-feeding period is 7 days, and the formal feeding period is 50 days. And feeding the prepared feed at the beginning of the pre-feeding period, wherein the addition amount of the feed at the end of the pre-feeding period is the normal feeding dosage.

40 mutton sheep were divided into a control group, a 5% addition group, a 15% addition group, a 25% addition group, and a 35% addition group, 8 sheep were fed twice a day at 8:00 and 19:00, wherein the control group was fed with the feed of comparative example 1, the 5% addition group was fed with the feed of example 1 (5% means that the content of marigold meal in the feed of example 1 is about 5%), the 15% addition group was fed with the feed of example 2 (15% means that the content of marigold meal in the feed of example 2 is about 15%), the 25% addition group was fed with the feed of example 3 (25% means that the content of marigold meal in the feed of example 3 is about 25%), and the 35% addition group was fed with the feed of comparative example 2 (35% means that the content of marigold meal in the feed of comparative example 1 is about 35%), and free feeding and drinking water were allowed during feeding, while the daily remaining amount was kept at about 15%.

(1) Recording the daily feeding amount and the residual material amount of each group of test sheep during feeding every day, and calculating the average daily feed intake according to the following formula; the weight on empty stomach before feeding was recorded on days 0, 30, 50 of the positive feeding period and the average daily gain was calculated according to the following formula:

average daily feed intake (kg/d) ═ feed intake (kg) -feed allowance (kg))/(number of sheep per group x number of test days (d));

average daily gain (g) weight gain per sheep (g)/number of test days (d);

the results are given in table 2 below:

TABLE 2 feed intake and daily gain of mutton sheep in different treatment groups

Note: feed intake/daily gain, upper scale: capital letters indicate that the difference between groups is very significant (P < 0.01); lower case letters indicate significant differences for each group (P < 0.05); no superscript indicates no significant difference in groups (P > 0.05).

According to the contents recorded in table 2, compared with the control group (comparative example 1 without adding the marigold meal) and the 35% addition group (comparative example 2 with adding the marigold meal and the stone powder), the average daily feed intake of the mutton sheep is obviously increased, the daily weight gain and the feed intake are higher than those of the control group and the 35% addition group, and the feed conversion ratio of the 15% addition group is extremely obviously reduced, which shows that the feed utilization rate of the group is the highest and the growth performance is the best. The feed of the invention is helpful for improving dry matter feed intake and daily gain of mutton sheep.

(2) After feeding is finished, moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the longisimus dorsi of the mutton sheep are measured according to national standards GB5009.3-2016, GB5009.5-2016, GB5009.6-2016 and GB5009.4-2016, and the results are shown in the following table 3.

Table 3 general nutrient content of longissimus dorsi of mutton sheep in different treatment groups

Meat quality is mainly dependent on moisture, crude protein and crude fat content, and juiciness of meat is directly related to intramuscular fat and moisture content of meat. Generally, the higher the dry matter content, the higher the total nutrient content, and as can be seen from table 3, the feed of the present invention has a higher dry matter content in the mutton sheep and a higher nutrient content in the longissimus dorsi than the control group (comparative example 1 without addition of marigold meal) compared to the control group (comparative example 1).

(3) After the feeding is finished, the contents of inosinic acid, thiamine and cholesterol in the longissimus dorsi of the mutton sheep are measured according to T/NAIA 003-2020, GB5009.84-2016 and GB5009.128-2016, and the results are shown in the following table 4.

Table 4 content of longissimus dorsi flavor in different treatment groups of mutton sheep

Note: and (3) labeling: capital letters indicate that the difference between groups is very significant (P < 0.01); lower case letters indicate significant differences for each group (P < 0.05); no superscript indicates no significant difference in groups (P > 0.05).

Cholesterol is involved in lipid metabolism in the body, and oxidation products are harmful to the body; thiamine has higher correlation with the fragrance of mutton and the smell of mutton; inosinic acid has a higher umami character. As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the control group (comparative example 1 without addition of the marigold meal), the feed disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the thiamine content is reduced by 8.20-16.39%, the inosinic acid content is increased by 1.53-21.35%, and the cholesterol content of the 15% addition group and the cholesterol content of the 25% addition group are respectively reduced by 24.50% and 8.86%, so that the feed disclosed by the invention can reduce the cholesterol and thiamine content in the longest muscle of the back of a mutton sheep, increase the inosinic acid content and improve the longest muscle flavor of the back of the mutton sheep.

(4) After feeding, the content of fatty acid in the longissimus dorsi of the mutton sheep was determined according to GB5009.168-2016, and the results are shown in Table 5 below.

TABLE 5 maximum fatty acid content in dorsum of mutton sheep of different treatment groups

Note: and (3) labeling: capital letters indicate that the group differences were very significant (P < 0.01); lower case letters indicate significant differences for each group (P < 0.05); no superscript indicates no significant difference between groups (P > 0.05).

Stearic acid (C18:0) can reduce the absorption of intestinal cholesterol and can act on the regulation of cholic acid, thereby reducing the cholesterol content in blood and liver, and simultaneously has higher correlation with the mutton smell which is an intuitive factor influencing the flavor, and the reduction of the stearic acid content can reduce the mutton smell. As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the control group (the comparative example 1 does not add the marigold meal), the contents of stearic acid in the 15% and 25% additive group feeds are respectively reduced by 10.79% and 12.41%, which shows that the feed can reduce the content of stearic acid in the longissimus dorsi of mutton sheep, and compared with the control group, the saturated fatty acid content of other treatment groups is reduced, the unsaturated fatty acid content is increased, and the monounsaturated fatty acid and the polyunsaturated fatty acid are increased to different degrees, which shows that the feed can improve the fatty acid composition of mutton sheep and improve the flavor of mutton sheep.

(5) After feeding, the amino acid content in the longest muscle of the back of the mutton sheep was determined according to GB5009.124-2016, and the results are shown in Table 6 below.

TABLE 6 amino acid content of longisimus dorsi of mutton sheep of different treatment groups

As can be seen from Table 6, the feeds of the 5% addition group, the 15% addition group and the 25% addition group of the present invention were improved to some extent in comparison with the control group (comparative example 1, in which no marigold meal was added), essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids, umami amino acids and sweet amino acids.

The feed provided by the invention can effectively reduce the contents of cholesterol and thiamine in the longissimus dorsi of the mutton sheep, and improve the contents of inosinic acid, amino acid and fatty acid, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the quality of mutton.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The feed is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 10 to 56 percent of corn straws, 18 to 30 percent of corns, 2 to 14 percent of wheat bran, 6 to 18 percent of soybean meal, 0.5 to 1 percent of salt, 1 to 2 percent of sodium bicarbonate, 1 to 1.7 percent of mineral vitamin compound premix and 4 to 36 percent of marigold meal.

2. The feed according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising 28-56% of corn straws, 18-30% of corns, 2-8% of wheat bran, 10-18% of soybean meal, 0.5-1% of salt, 1-2% of sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6% of mineral vitamin compound premix and 4-28% of marigold meal.

3. The feed according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising 30-55% of corn straws, 18-30% of corns, 2-5% of wheat bran, 13-18% of soybean meal, 0.5-1% of salt, 1-2% of sodium bicarbonate, 1-1.6% of mineral vitamin compound premix and 8-25% of marigold meal.

4. The feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the vitamins in the mineral vitamin premix compound comprise VA and VD ₃ And VE, the minerals include one or more of Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I, and Co.

5. The feed of claim 4, wherein VA is 1000000IU and VD is calculated by 1kg of the mineral vitamin compound premix ₃ ≥65000IU，VE≥5000mg，Fe≥2000mg，Cu≥1750mg，Zn≥5500mg，Mn≥2550mg，Se≥75mg，I≥70mg，Co≥40mg。

6. A process for preparing a feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, wherein the mixing manner comprises stirring, and the stirring time is 45-60 min.

8. Use of the feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the feed obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 6 to 7 for improving the production performance and/or quality of mutton sheep.

9. A method for improving mutton quality, which is characterized in that mutton sheep are fed by the feed of any one of claims 1 to 5 or the feed prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 6 to 7.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the feed is fed every morning and evening at intervals of 10-12 h; the residual amount of the feed is 10% -15% every day.