CN114916609A - Method for producing feed by fermenting corn straws, feed and application - Google Patents
Method for producing feed by fermenting corn straws, feed and application Download PDFInfo
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- 241000186321 Cellulomonas Species 0.000 claims description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K20/24—Compounds of alkaline earth metals, e.g. magnesium
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feed, and particularly relates to a method for producing feed by fermenting corn stalks, which comprises the steps of firstly preparing a fermentation culture solution containing organic nutrient components and edible saccharomycetes; then crushing the harvested corn straws, adding cellulose decomposition bacteria for decomposition, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residues; and then respectively treating the filtrate and the filter residue, namely adding a proper amount of fermentation culture solution into the concentrated filtrate to obtain fermentation liquor, uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor on the surface of the dried filter residue, keeping out of the sun, compacting for fermentation, and drying at constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws. The invention also provides the feed prepared by the method and application thereof. The invention obviously improves the utilization rate of the corn straws, improves the production efficiency, saves resources and cost, has high fermentation efficiency and good fermentation effect, and the obtained feed is beneficial to absorption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fermented feed, and particularly relates to a method for producing feed by fermenting corn straws, the feed and application.
Background
In the past, the air pollution caused by the incineration of the corn straws is often popular. The related test results in recent years show that the corn stalks contain more than 30 percent of carbohydrate, 2 to 4 percent of protein and 0.5 to 1 percent of fat, are good crops mainly used as feed, and can be used as raw materials of feed for animal husbandry. When the feed is used as the feed, the corn straws can be ensiled and can also be directly fed, but the storage is not facilitated, the nutrient components in the corn straws are not easy to absorb, the resource waste is caused, the corn straws are finely processed to be made into the high-nutrition livestock feed, the feed is not only favorable for developing the animal husbandry and promoting the absorption of nutrition, but also has good ecological benefit and economic benefit by returning the straws to the field through passing the abdomen.
At present, relevant documents are researched and good results are obtained. For example, in the prior art, the granulated feed obtained by the production method for preparing the granulated feed by using the corn straws in patent No. CN105309748A is convenient to store and transport, the survival of floras is effectively ensured, the granulated feed is well formed, pigs taking the granulated feed through experiments can be slaughtered 30 days in advance, and the cost of the granulated feed can be greatly reduced, but the whole steps of the patent are simple, namely, the corn straws are directly added with ingredients according to the proportion, mixed and fermented, and the fermented product is granulated at low temperature and low pressure to obtain the final product, the fermentation period is long, the fermentation is insufficient, the complete absorption of nutrient components in the corn straws is not facilitated, and the production process for preparing the granulated feed by using the corn straws is subject to further optimization. For another example, in the patent No. CN101288439B, "production method of straw fermented feed" shortens production cycle to some extent and improves productivity, but in this patent, edible yeast is directly put into a culture solution with good temperature raising once, and after fermentation, the edible yeast is mixed with crushed straw, and then the mixture is stirred, fermented and dried to obtain the final product.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for producing feed by fermenting corn straws, which has the advantages of simple steps, high utilization rate, short production period, high economic benefit and favorable absorption. In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for producing feed by fermenting corn stalks comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation culture solution: weighing a certain mass of organic nutrient components and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH, stirring to obtain an organic nutrient solution, adding a proper amount of edible yeast, and stirring at 36.5-37.5 ℃ for 1-3 days to obtain a fermentation culture solution;
(2) pretreatment of corn stalks: harvesting corn straws, and crushing the corn straws by a crusher to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) decomposing the corn straws: adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the corn straws pretreated in the step (2), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for decomposing for 1-3d, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residues;
(4) and (3) fermenting and culturing filtrate: concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (3), adding a proper amount of the fermentation culture solution prepared in the step (1) into the concentrated solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
(5) and (3) drying filter residues: washing and drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) until the water content of the filter residue is not more than 10%;
(6) spraying: and (5) uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (4) on the surface of the dried filter residue obtained in the step (5), uniformly stirring, compacting and fermenting for 1-2 days in a dark place under a ventilation condition, and drying at a constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws.
Preferably, the organic nutrient components in step (1) include at least two of corn flour, wheat bran powder, bean cake or fish meal, and the edible yeast is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactobacillus acidophilus.
Preferably, the pH of the organic nutrient solution in the step (1) is 6-7.
Preferably, the length of the crushed corn stalks in the step (2) is 0.5 to 2 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the cellulolytic bacteria are one or more of the bacteria of the genera cellulomonas, vibrio and Cytophaga.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the edible yeast in the fermentation liquid after the concentrated solution is mixed with the fermentation culture liquid in the step (4) is 1.2-2.3%.
Preferably, the temperature of the compaction fermentation in the step (6) is 32-37 ℃, and the water content of the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws is 10-15%.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the fermentation liquor to the filter residue in the step (6) is (1-3): (7-9).
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides a feed produced by fermenting the corn straws, which is prepared by the method, and the feed comprises 40-70 parts by weight of the corn straws, 13-27 parts by weight of organic nutrient components, 2-5 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide, 3-8 parts by weight of edible yeast, 2-5 parts by weight of cellulose decomposition bacteria and 10-15 parts by weight of water, wherein the sum of the components is 100 parts.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention also provides application of the feed, and the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws is added into basic ration of livestock or poultry in advance, and is fed after being uniformly stirred.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the corn straws are pretreated by crushing, and the cellulose decomposition bacteria are added for decomposition, so that the contact area between the cellulose decomposition bacteria and the corn straws is greatly enlarged, the decomposition efficiency is improved, lignin and cellulose which are not easy to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry are decomposed into saccharides, lipids and lactic acid for absorption, the absorption rate of the feed is improved, and the practicability is strong.
(2) According to the method, the decomposed corn straws are separated, the filtrate and the filter residue are respectively treated, the treated filtrate (namely fermentation liquor added with fermentation culture solution) is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the treated filter residue to be fermented, and finally the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws is obtained; the treatment processes of the filtrate and the filter residue are independent and do not influence each other, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, the inoculated edible saccharomycetes are prevented from being damaged in the drying process, and the fermentation effect is ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention, and it can be seen that the method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing a fermentation culture solution: weighing a certain mass of organic nutrient components and a proper amount of water according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6, stirring to obtain an organic nutrient solution, adding a proper amount of edible yeast, and stirring at 37.5 ℃ for 1 day to obtain a fermentation culture solution. In the step, the organic nutrient components comprise a mixture of corn flour and wheat bran powder, and the mass ratio of the corn flour to the wheat bran powder is 1: 3, the edible yeast is bacillus subtilis.
Step S2: pretreatment of corn straws: and harvesting the corn straws, and crushing the corn straws to 0.5cm by a crusher to obtain the pretreated corn straws.
Step S3: decomposing the corn straws: and (4) adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the corn straw pretreated in the step S2, stirring uniformly, maintaining the temperature at 25 ℃ for decomposing for 3d, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residue. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria of the genus Cellulomonas.
Step S4: and (3) filtrate fermentation and culture: and (4) concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding a proper amount of the fermentation culture solution prepared in the step S1 into the concentrated solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor. In the step, the edible yeast accounts for 1.2% of the fermentation liquid after the concentrated solution and the fermentation culture solution are mixed.
Step S5: and (3) drying filter residues: and (5) washing and drying the filter residue obtained in the step (S3) until the water content of the filter residue is 8%.
Step S6: spraying: and (4) uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (S4) on the surface of the dried filter residue obtained in the step (S5), uniformly stirring, performing light-proof and compaction fermentation for 2 days at 32 ℃ under a ventilation condition, and drying at constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws, wherein the water content of the feed is 10%. In the step, the weight ratio of the fermentation liquor to the filter residue is 1: 9.
in the feed obtained in the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the feed comprises the following specific formula in parts by weight:
specific example 2
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention, and it can be seen that the method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing a fermentation culture solution: weighing a certain mass of organic nutrient components and a proper amount of water according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 7, stirring to obtain an organic nutrient solution, adding a proper amount of edible yeast, and stirring at 36.5 ℃ for 3 days to obtain a fermentation culture solution. In the step, the organic nutrient components comprise a mixture of wheat bran powder and bean cakes, and the mass ratio of the wheat bran powder to the bean cakes is 2: 1, and the edible yeast is saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Step S2: pretreatment of corn stalks: harvesting the corn straws, and crushing the corn straws into 2cm by a crusher to obtain the pretreated corn straws.
Step S3: decomposing the corn straws: adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the corn straw pretreated in the step S2, stirring uniformly, maintaining the temperature at 35 ℃ for decomposing for 1d, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residue. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are bacteria of the genus vibrio.
Step S4: and (3) fermenting and culturing filtrate: and (4) concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding a proper amount of the fermentation culture solution prepared in the step S1 into the concentrated solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermentation liquid. In the step, the edible yeast accounts for 2.3% of the fermentation liquid after the concentrated solution and the fermentation culture liquid are mixed.
Step S5: and (3) drying filter residues: and (5) washing and drying the filter residue obtained in the step (S3) until the water content of the filter residue is 7%.
Step S6: spraying: and (4) uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S4 on the surface of the dried filter residue obtained in the step S5, uniformly stirring, carrying out dark compaction fermentation for 1d under the condition of 37 ℃ and ventilation, and drying at constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws, wherein the water content of the feed is 15%. In the step, the weight ratio of the fermentation liquor to the filter residue is 3: 7.
in the feed obtained in the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the feed comprises the following specific formula in parts by weight:
specific example 3
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention, and it can be seen that the method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
step S1: preparing a fermentation culture solution: weighing a certain mass of organic nutrient components and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.5, stirring to obtain an organic nutrient solution, adding a proper amount of edible yeast, and stirring at 37 ℃ for 2 days to obtain a fermentation culture solution. In the step, the organic nutrient components comprise a mixture of bean cakes and fish meal, and the mass ratio of the bean cakes to the fish meal is 1: 2, the edible yeast is a mixture of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus.
Step S2: pretreatment of corn straws: harvesting the corn straws, and crushing the corn straws to 1cm by a crusher to obtain the pretreated corn straws.
Step S3: decomposing the corn straws: adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the corn straw pretreated in the step S2, stirring uniformly, maintaining the temperature at 30 ℃ for decomposing for 2d, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residue. In this step, the cellulolytic bacteria are a mixture of bacteria of the genera cellulomonas and cytophagia.
Step S4: and (3) fermenting and culturing filtrate: and (4) concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step S3, adding a proper amount of the fermentation culture solution prepared in the step S1 into the concentrated solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor. In the step, the edible yeast accounts for 1.8% of the fermentation liquid obtained by mixing the concentrated solution and the fermentation culture solution.
Step S5: and (3) drying filter residues: and (5) washing and drying the filter residue obtained in the step (S3) until the water content of the filter residue is 9%.
Step S6: spraying: and (4) uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (S4) on the surface of the dried filter residue obtained in the step (S5), uniformly stirring, carrying out dark and compact fermentation for 1.5 days under the condition of ventilation at 35 ℃, and drying at constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws, wherein the water content of the feed is 12%. In the step, the weight ratio of the fermentation liquor to the filter residue is 2: 7.
in the feed obtained in the embodiment, the sum of the components is 100 parts, and the feed comprises the following specific formula in parts by weight:
specific example 4
The application of a feed is characterized in that the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws is added into basic ration of livestock or poultry in advance, and the feed is fed after being uniformly stirred.
As can be seen from the above embodiments of the invention, the corn straws are pretreated by crushing, and the cellulose decomposition bacteria are added for decomposition, so that the contact area between the cellulose decomposition bacteria and the corn straws is greatly enlarged, the decomposition efficiency is improved, lignin and cellulose which are not easy to digest and absorb by livestock and poultry are decomposed into saccharides, lipids and lactic acid for absorption, the absorption rate of the feed is improved, and the practicability is high; the decomposed corn straws are separated, the filtrate and the filter residue are respectively treated, the treated filtrate (namely fermentation liquor added with fermentation culture solution) is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the treated filter residue to carry out fermentation, and finally the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws is obtained; the treatment processes of the filtrate and the filter residue are independent and do not influence each other, so that the fermentation efficiency is improved, the inoculated edible saccharomycetes are prevented from being damaged in the drying process, and the fermentation effect is ensured.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the changes or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for producing feed by fermenting corn straws is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermentation culture solution: weighing a certain mass of organic nutrient components and a proper amount of water according to the parts by weight, uniformly mixing, adding a certain amount of calcium hydroxide to adjust the pH, stirring to obtain an organic nutrient solution, adding a proper amount of edible yeast, and stirring at 36.5-37.5 ℃ for 1-3 days to obtain a fermentation culture solution;
(2) pretreatment of corn stalks: harvesting corn straws, and crushing the corn straws by a crusher to obtain pretreated corn straws;
(3) decomposing the corn straws: adding cellulose decomposing bacteria into the corn straws pretreated in the step (2), uniformly stirring, maintaining the temperature of 25-35 ℃ for decomposing for 1-3d, and separating to obtain filtrate and filter residues;
(4) and (3) filtrate fermentation and culture: concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (3), adding a proper amount of the fermentation culture solution prepared in the step (1) into the concentrated solution, and uniformly mixing to obtain fermentation liquor;
(5) and (3) drying filter residues: washing and drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) until the water content of the filter residue is not more than 10%;
(6) spraying: and (5) uniformly spraying the fermentation liquor obtained in the step (4) on the surface of the dried filter residue obtained in the step (5), uniformly stirring, compacting and fermenting for 1-2 days in a dark place under a ventilation condition, and drying at a constant temperature to obtain the feed produced by fermenting the corn straws.
2. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the organic nutrient components in the step (1) comprise at least two of corn flour, wheat bran powder, bean cake or fish meal, and the edible yeast is one or more of bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae or lactobacillus acidophilus.
3. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pH value of the organic nutrient solution in the step (1) is 6-7.
4. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the length of the crushed corn stalks in the step (2) is 0.5-2 cm.
5. The method for producing feed by using corn stalk fermentation as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cellulolytic bacteria in the step (3) are one or more of the bacteria of the genera Cellulomonas, Cellulomonas and Cytophaga.
6. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (4) mixing the concentrated solution and the fermentation culture solution in the step (4), wherein the edible yeast accounts for 1.2-2.3% of the fermentation liquor.
7. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the temperature of the compaction fermentation in the step (6) is 32-37 ℃, and the water content of the feed produced by the corn straw fermentation is 10-15%.
8. The method for producing feed by utilizing the corn straw fermentation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the weight ratio of the fermentation liquor to the filter residue is (1-3): (7-9).
9. A feed produced by fermenting corn stalks is characterized in that: the feed is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9, and comprises 40 to 70 parts of corn straws, 13 to 27 parts of organic nutrient components, 2 to 5 parts of calcium hydroxide, 3 to 8 parts of edible yeast, 2 to 5 parts of cellulose decomposing bacteria and 10 to 15 parts of water by weight, and the sum of the components is 100 parts.
10. The application of the feed is characterized in that: the feed produced by fermenting the corn stover according to claim 9, which is added to a basal diet of livestock or poultry, and the feed is fed after the feed is stirred uniformly.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101288439A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2008-10-22 | 赵仲芳 | Production method of straw fermented feed |
| CN101715872A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-02 | 陕西省科学院酶工程研究所 | Method for preparing high-protein sacchariferous feed by straws |
| CN103571888A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for comprehensive utilization of corn straws |
| CN109805176A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-28 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of corn stover Huang storage feed |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101288439A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2008-10-22 | 赵仲芳 | Production method of straw fermented feed |
| CN101715872A (en) * | 2009-11-24 | 2010-06-02 | 陕西省科学院酶工程研究所 | Method for preparing high-protein sacchariferous feed by straws |
| CN103571888A (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2014-02-12 | 青岛嘉能节能环保技术有限公司 | Method for comprehensive utilization of corn straws |
| CN109805176A (en) * | 2019-02-27 | 2019-05-28 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of preparation method of corn stover Huang storage feed |
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