CN101297677B - Technique for detoxicating rapeseed dregs and modifying rapeseed proteins by synchronous bacterium mixing and fermenting method - Google Patents
Technique for detoxicating rapeseed dregs and modifying rapeseed proteins by synchronous bacterium mixing and fermenting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101297677B CN101297677B CN2008101069193A CN200810106919A CN101297677B CN 101297677 B CN101297677 B CN 101297677B CN 2008101069193 A CN2008101069193 A CN 2008101069193A CN 200810106919 A CN200810106919 A CN 200810106919A CN 101297677 B CN101297677 B CN 101297677B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention provides a technology using synchronous mixing fungus zymotechnics for carrying out detoxification and vegetable seed protein modification to rapeseed dregs, which includes the following steps: a. the rapeseed dregs raw material is treated with pretreatment; b. nutrient fluid is added into the raw material; c. mixing strain is switched in; d. multi-dimensional mixing fungus fermentation is carried out; and e. end product postprocessing is carried out. The product obtained by the invention is modified rapeseed dregs, the original toxic ingredients of the rapeseed dregs such as sulfur glucoside, etc. are removed completely, the vegetable seed protein thereof becomes oligopeptide which has the biological activity and is easier to absorb after hydrolysis, the oligopeptide is a new feed protein source which has high quality, low price, and nutrition and security, and can substitute the bean cake and fish meal, etc. The entire technological process is clean production with zero emission and entire transformation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fermentation method and remove the toxicant in the rapeseed dregs, to the be hydrolyzed technology of modification of rapeseed protein, particularly a kind of synchronous bacterium mixing fermentation method carries out the technology of detoxification and rapeseed protein modification to rapeseed dregs simultaneously
Background technology
Rapeseed is the first oil crops of China, and the annual rapeseed dregs that behind system oil, is produced of China is up to 600～7,000,000 tons.Contain abundant rapeseed protein (37-40%w/w) in the rapeseed dregs, it is 3～3.5 that its albumen is tired, also higher than soybean protein, is a kind of good protein.Therefore, rapeseed dregs is a kind of cheap as China, and the high-quality protein resource that the source is sufficient is worth developing energetically.But development and use receive the restriction of two bottleneck problems: bottleneck one, rapeseed dregs is poisonous.Contain poisonous derived component sulphur glucoside (glucosinolate is also claimed sinigrin) in the rapeseed dregs, it can be broken down into the toxic chemical that isothiocyanates, oxazolidine thioketones and nitrile etc. are harmful to people and animals under the effect of myrosase.Bottleneck two, rapeseed protein direct digestion utilization rate is low.Also mix in the rapeseed dregs and contain ANFs such as phytic acid, tannin, sinapine; While does not remove cot man-hour owing to system oil adds and causes the rapeseed dregs crude fiber content higher; These all can cause the direct digestion utilization rate of rapeseed protein low; Problems such as palatability difference have had a strong impact on the value of rapeseed dregs as feed.Therefore, effectively eliminating toxic component and ANFs in the rapeseed dregs, fully efficiently utilize rapeseed protein, make rapeseed dregs become high-quality protein cheap and easy to get and newly originate, will be that China all presses for the key subjects of solution decades at present and in the future.The efficient utilization of rapeseed cake ' s detoxity and rapeseed protein is a complicated system engineering, only is difficult to get a desired effect with simple physics or chemical method.If only be difficult to solve degraded rapeseed dregs crude protein and detoxification problem with single microorganism fungus kind.Utilize the characteristics that micro organism quantity is big, enzyme is complicacy to carry out the fermentation of dregs of rapeseed cake; Not only can decompose sulphur glucoside and product detoxification thereof; Other ANFs of dregs of rapeseed cake also can be decomposed by microorganism; Like phytic acid, tannin, cellulose etc., improved the mouthfeel of rape cake widely, improved the utilization rate of rape cake nutritional labeling.Simultaneously, utilize microbial protease system degraded rapeseed protein to generate rapeseed peptides, can further improve the nutritive value and the functional activity of rapeseed protein.Therefore, utilize microorganism that dregs of rapeseed cake is fermented, thereby reach the effect of detoxification, elimination ANFs and raising rapeseed protein utilization rate, be considered to the main development trend of the efficient evaluation and exploration technology of rapeseed dregs from now on.
Summary of the invention
The technology that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of synchronous bacterium mixing fermentation method that rapeseed dregs is carried out detoxification and rapeseed protein modification is produced novel fodder protein sources of high quality and at a reasonable price, safe nutrition.
The present invention adopts multiple bacteria compound fermentation, can in the one-step fermentation process, utilize the complicated enzyme system of microorganism, sulphur glucoside and intermediate product thereof are thoroughly decomposed when removing, with the rapeseed protein partial hydrolysis for more being prone to absorption and having more bioactive oligopeptides.
Processing step of the present invention is: a, rapeseed dregs batch mixing sterilization preliminary treatment, add 5～10% wheat bran by the percentage of rapeseed dregs raw material weight, and mixing is after 121 ℃, the 20min autoclaving.The nutrient solution of b, adding warp sterilization in raw material, the constituent concentration of nutrient solution is sodium nitrate 0.1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, sucrose 2%, ammonium sulfate 0.5%.The water content of rapeseed dregs is controlled at about 60%.C, inoculation composite fermentation bacterial strain, said fermented bacterium is a geotrichum candidum, saccharomycete; Aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, five kinds of composite mixing of bacterium of Bacillus subtillis; Geotrichum candidum wherein, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger itself can be secreted myrosase and with relevant enzyme be; Can hydrolysis sulphur glucoside and intermediate product thereof complicated and changeable, mainly as the detoxification bacterial strain; Aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis can produce abundant protease, can the protein portion hydrolysis be become more to be prone to absorb and have certain bioactive oligopeptides, mainly as rapeseed protein modification bacterial classification.Inoculum concentration is 1% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for the rapeseed dregs raw material weight.D, polynary mixed fungus fermentation, described fermentation is a solid state fermentation, and rapeseed dregs ulking thickness in round is 3～5cm, and container is airtight.Fermentation temperature is 30 ± 5 ℃, fermentation time 2～3 days.Process behind e, the finished product,, pulverize the back packing 50～80 ℃ of heated-air dryings of the rapeseed dregs that ferments.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1, utilize the characteristics that micro organism quantity is big, enzyme is complicacy to carry out the fermentation of dregs of rapeseed cake; Not only can decompose sulphur glucoside and product detoxification thereof; Other ANFs of dregs of rapeseed cake also can be decomposed by microorganism; Like phytic acid, tannin, cellulose etc., improved the mouthfeel of rape cake widely, improved the utilization rate of rape cake nutritional labeling.2, utilize microbial protease system degraded rapeseed protein to generate rapeseed peptides, can further improve the nutritive value and the functional activity of rapeseed protein.3, microorganism utilizes self metabolism, can in the fermented bean dregs process, produce the precursor substance of fragrance matter or fragrance, has significant attractant as feed.
Practical implementation side executes
Operating procedure is following:
1, prepare the rapeseed dregs raw material: the rapeseed dregs raw material sources are in grain, oil food processing enterprise; In commercial production; As far as possible the nutritional labeling and the toxicant of different batches raw material are spot-check mensuration; So that select rationally economic technological parameter, as the fermenting raw materials time that glucosinolate content is high should corresponding prolongation.Rapeseed dregs batch mixing sterilization preliminary treatment adds 5～10% wheat bran by the percentage of rapeseed dregs raw material weight, and mixing is after 121 ℃, the 20min autoclaving.
2, in raw material, add the nutrient solution of warp sterilization, the constituent concentration of nutrient solution is sodium nitrate 0.1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, sucrose 2%, ammonium sulfate 0.5%.Nutrient solution and raw material mix, and raw material places fermentation vat, and the water content of rapeseed dregs is controlled at about 60%.
3, inoculation composite fermentation bacterial strain, said fermented bacterium is a geotrichum candidum, saccharomycete; Aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, five kinds of composite mixing of bacterium of Bacillus subtillis; Geotrichum candidum wherein, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger itself can be secreted myrosase and with relevant enzyme be; Can hydrolysis sulphur glucoside and intermediate product thereof complicated and changeable, mainly as the detoxification bacterial strain; Aspergillus oryzae and bacillus subtilis can produce abundant protease, can the protein portion hydrolysis be become more to be prone to absorb and have certain bioactive oligopeptides, mainly as rapeseed protein modification bacterial classification.Before inserting fermented bacterium, each bacterial classification carries out enlarged culture respectively.Geotrichum candidum wherein, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, the culture medium of aspergillus oryzae are Cha Shi (Czapek) culture medium, condition of culture is 28-30 ℃, 48～54h; The culture medium of bacillus subtilis is a beef-protein medium, and condition of culture is 32-35 ℃, 24～36h.Inoculum concentration is 1% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for the rapeseed dregs raw material weight.Polynary mixed fungus fermentation, described fermentation is a solid state fermentation, and rapeseed dregs ulking thickness in round is 3～5cm, and container is airtight.Fermentation temperature is 30 ± 5 ℃, fermentation time 2～3 days.During stuffy fermentation, fermentation overall process temperature natural is gone up and down, and fermentation time is suitably long, and is when environment temperature is too high or too low, aeration-cooling because of taking, turn over corresponding measures such as ridge or heating and heat preservation.
1, process behind the finished product, its technology comprises: oven dry-pulverizing-check-packing; Product can be a powder, also can granulate.
Product utilization of the present invention does not have pathogenic effects to the human and animal microorganism carries out fermentation process to rapeseed dregs.After the fermentation, can obtain product through the oven dry pulverizing, whole technical process goes out (product) formula entirely for advancing (raw material) entirely, is zero-emission, the full cleaner production that transforms, and does not have " three wastes " discharging and environmental issue.
The used bacterial classification of the present invention specifically describes as follows:
| Strain name | Formal name used at school | Produce the enzyme characteristic | Cultivation temperature | Culture medium |
| Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Saccharomyces.cerevisiae | Myrosase | 28-30℃ | 5 ° of B é wort agars |
| Geotrichum candidum | Geotrichum.candidum | Myrosase | 28℃ | 5 ° of B é wort agars |
| Aspergillus oryzae | Aspergillus.oryzae | Protease | 28℃ | 5 ° of B é wort agars |
| Aspergillus niger | Aspergillus.niger | Myrosase | 28℃ | |
| Bacillus subtilis | Bacillus.subtiles | Protease | 37℃ | Beef extract-peptone |
By the product that technology of the present invention obtained is a kind of novel fodder protein sources-detoxification modification rapeseed dregs, and it has removed original toxic component and ANFs in the rapeseed dregs, and rapeseed protein is hydrolyzed into has more nutritive value and bioactive oligopeptides.Its product quality indicator is following: outward appearance: pale brown toner end; Smell: distiller's yeast fragrance; Crude protein content: 52 ± 2%; Crude fiber content: 8 ± 1%; Moisture: 10 ± 1%; Ash content: 6 ± 0.5%; Sulphur glucoside total amount:＜1 μ mol/g; Solubility in acid Polypetide Nitrogen proportion in the proteinic nitrogen: 65 ± 5%
The nutrition experiment
1, purpose: whether influential behind the products substitution dregs of beans of the present invention of checking different proportion to the growth performance of chick, and the possibility of alternative dregs of beans and proper ratio.
2, materials and methods
2.1 experimental animal and packet design experiment selected 224 plumage average weights are the healthy love of 1 age in days of 37.5 ± 0.33 kg to be dialled increasingly (Arbor Acres, AA) broiler chicks are divided into 4 processing by the completely random block design, each processing 4 repetition, and each repeats 14 plumage chickens.Public mother raises together with.
2.2 the fermentation dish dregs of rice.The fermentation dish dregs of rice by the preparation of experiment one method.
2.3 the trophic level preparation that test daily ration test daily ration is recommended with reference to NRC (1998).Be the basis with corn-dregs of beans (the dish dregs of rice) daily ration.
Handle I: corn-dregs of beans daily ration group (control group);
Handle II: on control group daily ration basis with 5% fermentation dish dregs of rice instead of part dregs of beans;
Handle III: on control group daily ration basis with 10% fermentation dish dregs of rice instead of part dregs of beans;
Handle IV: on control group daily ration basis with 15% fermentation dish dregs of rice instead of part dregs of beans.
Each test group daily ration prescription is seen table 1 (in earlier stage) and table 2 (later stage).
Table 1 fryer Starter in early stage (d1-21) test daily ration is formed and trophic level (basis of feeding)
1Choline Chloride adds separately, and addition is 0.5 g/kg.
2For every kilogram of daily ration provides: vitamin A, 19,000 IU; Vitamin D
3, 5,200 IU; Vitamin E, 38 IU; Cobastab
12, 0.022 mg; Cobastab
6, 5.6 mg; Vitamin K
3, 3.8mg; Riboflavin, 11.4mg; Cobastab
1, 2.8mg; D-pantothenic acid, 22.8mg; Nicotinic acid, 38mg; Biotin, 0.15mg; Folic acid, 0.56mg; Manganese, 140mg; Iron, 162mg; Copper, 20mg; Iodine, 1.2mg; Zinc, 140mg; Selenium, 0.6mg.
Table 2 fryer later stage (d 22-42) test daily ration is formed and trophic level (basis of feeding)
1Choline Chloride adds separately, and addition is 0.5 g/kg.
2For every kilogram of daily ration provides: vitamin A, 19,000 IU; Vitamin D
3, 5,200 IU; Vitamin E, 38 IU; Cobastab
12, 0.022 mg; Cobastab
6, 5.6 mg; Vitamin K
3, 3.8 mg; Riboflavin, 11.4 mg; Cobastab
1, 2.8 mg; D-pantothenic acid, 22.8 mg; Nicotinic acid, 38 mg; Biotin, 0.15 mg; Folic acid, 0.56 mg; Manganese, 140 mg; Iron, 162 mg; Copper, 20 mg; Iodine, 1.2 mg; Zinc, 140 mg; Selenium, 0.6 mg.
Claims (1)
1. the synchronous bacterium mixing fermentation method carries out detoxification and rapeseed protein modification to rapeseed dregs technology; It is characterized in that processing step is: a, rapeseed dregs batch mixing sterilization preliminary treatment; The percentage of pressing the rapeseed dregs raw material weight adds the wheat bran of 5%-10%, and mixing is after 121 ℃, the 20min autoclaving; B, in raw material, add the nutrient solution through sterilization, the constituent concentration of nutrient solution does, sodium nitrate 0.1%, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.1%, sucrose 2%, ammonium sulfate 0.5% is controlled at 60% with the water content of rapeseed dregs; C, inoculation composite fermentation bacterial strain; Said fermented bacterium is geotrichum candidum, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, five kinds of composite mixing of bacterium of bacillus subtilis; Inoculum concentration is 1% by containing the percentage that culture of strains basic weight amount accounts for the rapeseed dregs raw material weight; Wherein the culture medium of geotrichum candidum, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae is a Czapek's medium, and condition of culture is 28-30 ℃, 48-54h; The culture medium of bacillus subtilis is a beef-protein medium, and condition of culture is 32-35 ℃, 24-36h; D, polynary mixed fungus fermentation, described fermentation are solid state fermentation, and rapeseed dregs ulking thickness in round is 3-5cm, and container is airtight, and fermentation temperature is 30 ± 5 ℃, fermentation time 2-3 days; Process behind e, the finished product,, pulverize the back packing the rapeseed dregs 50-80 ℃ heated-air drying that ferments.
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| CN101297677B true CN101297677B (en) | 2012-05-02 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106578650A (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-04-26 | 定远县佩璋生态园有限公司 | Feed for controlling gosling diseases |
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