CN114916224A - 具有集成的雷达传感器的运载工具复合玻璃板 - Google Patents
具有集成的雷达传感器的运载工具复合玻璃板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114916224A CN114916224A CN202180000512.6A CN202180000512A CN114916224A CN 114916224 A CN114916224 A CN 114916224A CN 202180000512 A CN202180000512 A CN 202180000512A CN 114916224 A CN114916224 A CN 114916224A
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于运载工具的复合玻璃板(100),其具有外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2),所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合,并且所述复合玻璃板(100)被设置用于将乘客的运载工具内部空间与外部环境分隔开,其中在所述热塑性中间层(3)中集成至少一个雷达传感器(4)并且将所述雷达传感器这样构造和布置,以使得所述雷达传感器(4)将雷达射束辐射到运载工具内部空间中并且接收所反射的雷达射束,并且所述雷达传感器与用于确定运载工具内部空间中的人员或动物的运动和/或存在的评估单元连接,以及本发明还涉及用于制造复合玻璃板(100)的方法及其用途。
Description
本发明涉及具有集成的雷达传感器的运载工具复合玻璃板及其制造方法和其用途。
现代运载工具如今以最高可能的效率和最佳的乘客安全性来研发并且配备有多种驾驶员辅助系统。这包括例如雨水传感器、日光传感器、逆光传感器、超声波传感器、光学照相机和雷达传感器。它们通常用于交通监测并且例如可以识别道路指示牌或识别运载工具之外的物体,如其它交通参与者的位置和速度或位于行车道上的障碍物。目前,为此目的主要使用光学照相机或雷达系统。
目前,为了监测运载工具内部空间,大多使用照相机系统,例如红外照相机系统,例如用于驾驶员监测、姿势识别和疲劳度识别。人员,例如驾驶员的视野可以通过照相机来寻找和监测。然后可以从所拍摄的图像中分离并评估眼睛的区域(眼睛张开/闭上) 。然后从眼睑闭合的频度中能够推断出疲劳状态。但是光学传感器系统通常在其功能和数据质量方面强烈地取决于环境影响和环境亮度,照相机系统此外必须精确地取向并且需要自由地“看到”检测区域。利用照相机原则上可以识别和确定人员和其在运载工具内部空间中的位置。但是,在儿童座椅中的应通过布来保护以防太阳的儿童可能由于所述遮掩物而有时无法识别。通过红外照相机可以将人员与汽车内部空间中的物体,例如儿童座椅中的儿童和空闲的儿童座椅区分开。
如果在阳光下将儿童或动物留在封闭的运载工具中,由于过热可能非常快速地出现危急的健康状况或者甚至死亡。仅仅在美国,在2018年中留在汽车中的超过50个孩子由于过热而死亡。但是,迄今用于监测的红外照相机恰好由于太阳辐射和由于加热的内部空间而在其图像和数据质量方面受到强烈的负面影响,从而在此可能有时无法提供所接收的数据的可靠监测和评估。此外,在评估数据时的计算耗费非常高。
因此,本发明的目的是提供用于运载工具的复合玻璃板,其具有用于运载工具内部空间和位于其中的人员的改进的安全功能,此外,其可成本有利且简单地制造。
根据本发明的建议,这些和其它目的通过根据独立权利要求的复合玻璃板实现。本发明的有利的实施方式由从属权利要求得出。
本发明涉及用于运载工具的复合玻璃板,其具有外玻璃板和内玻璃板,所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过热塑性中间层相互接合,并且所述复合玻璃板被设置用于将乘客的运载工具内部空间与外部环境分隔开,其中在所述热塑性中间层中集成至少一个雷达传感器并且将该雷达传感器这样构造和布置,以使得所述雷达传感器将雷达射束辐射到运载工具内部空间中并且接收所反射的雷达射束,并且所述雷达传感器与用于确定运载工具内部空间中的人员或动物的运动和/或存在的评估单元连接。
将至少一个雷达传感器集成到根据本发明的复合玻璃板中有利地实现了对运载工具内部空间或运载工具内部空间中的人员和/或动物的可靠监测。有利地,雷达传感器或雷达数据的测定即使在黑暗中或在大量的太阳辐射和热的情况下也可靠地实现。此外,还可以毫无问题地检测和监测被织物遮掩的人员和动物及其运动。该雷达传感器集成到热塑性中间层中并且因此被其包封、固定并且保护免受环境影响。有利地,雷达信号可以穿透玻璃和塑料并且也对振动不敏感。然后,所接收的数据的评估通过与雷达传感器连接的评估单元进行。
在制造和使用根据本发明的复合玻璃板的条件下为热稳定和化学稳定以及尺寸稳定的基本上所有电绝缘的基材都适合作为外玻璃板和内玻璃板。
术语“外玻璃板”和“内玻璃板”仅被选择用于在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中区分这两个玻璃板。关于几何布置的陈述是与该术语不相关联的。如果根据本发明的复合玻璃板例如被设置用于在例如运载工具或建筑物的开口中将内部空间相对于外部环境分隔开,则外玻璃板通常朝向外部环境,而内玻璃板朝向内部空间。
所述玻璃板优选包含玻璃,特别优选平板玻璃,非常特别优选浮法玻璃,如钠钙玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃或石英玻璃,或由其构成。替代地,所述玻璃板可以包含透明塑料,优选刚性透明塑料,尤其是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚氯乙烯和/或它们的混合物,或者由其构成。所述玻璃板优选是透明的,特别是对于该玻璃板作为运载工具的挡风玻璃板或后玻璃板的用途或对于希望高透光率的其它用途。在本发明的意义上,透明此时是指在可见光谱范围内透射率大于70%的玻璃板。然而,对于不处于驾驶员的与交通相关的视野中的玻璃板,例如对于顶玻璃板,透射率也可以小得多,例如大于5%。
玻璃板的厚度可以宽泛地变化,并因此适应各情况的要求。优选地,对于运载工具玻璃,使用1.0 mm至25 mm,例如1.1 mm至2.0 mm,优选1.4 mm至2.5 mm,例如1.6 mm或2.1的单个玻璃板的标准厚度。玻璃板的尺寸可以宽泛地变化,并取决于根据本发明的用途的尺寸。第一玻璃板和第二玻璃板例如在运载工具建造中具有200 cm2至20 m2的常见面积。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方案中,热塑性中间层由一个或多个热塑性薄膜形成。热塑性中间层优选包含聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)、声学PVB、反射红外辐射(IR)的PVB、聚乙烯和/或聚氨酯,或由它们构成。已发现所述材料特别适合于制备复合玻璃板。每个热塑性薄膜的厚度优选为0.2 mm至2 mm,特别优选0.3 mm至1mm,特别是0.3 mm至0.9 mm,例如0.38 mm、0.51 mm、0.78 mm、0.81 mm或0.86 mm。这种热塑性薄膜可商购获得。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,雷达传感器被布置为嵌入在热塑性中间层中。根据本发明,术语“嵌入”理解为中间层的材料包围雷达传感器的所有侧面和表面。换句话说,在该实施方案中,雷达传感器也由中间层的热塑性材料夹层式地包围。由此,一方面可以保护所述雷达传感器不受环境影响,例如湿气以及震动。此外,在该实施方案中,所述雷达传感器也通过中间层的材料与内玻璃板和外玻璃板接合并且可靠地固定。通过这种实施方式,可以任选地还改进复合玻璃板的视觉外观。
在另一个实施方案中设置,在根据本发明的复合玻璃板中,雷达传感器在视觉上被外玻璃板上和/或在内玻璃板上的黑色或白色印刷物和/或粘贴物来遮盖。在此,所述遮盖物可以施加在外玻璃板I的外表面上、外玻璃板II的内表面上、内玻璃板III的内表面上和/或内玻璃板IV的外表面上。由此,能够改进复合玻璃板的视觉外观。在此,可以以相同的方式进行或实现遮盖,这例如如在通过隐藏从复合玻璃板伸出的连接导线的黑色或白色印刷物来设置常见的边缘覆盖物的情况下常见那样。例如可以通过丝网印刷物将所述遮盖物施加到内玻璃板和/或外玻璃板上。雷达传感器的功能有利地不受这种遮盖物的损害或影响。
根据本发明的另一个实施方案,所述雷达传感器可被运行用于接收具有至少2GHz;例如4、6、8或10 GHz的频带宽度和/或76至150 GHz的频带的雷达数据。例如,雷达传感器可在76至140 GHz、76至120 GHz的频带中运行。在示例性实施方案中,雷达传感器可在140 GHz左右10 GHz的频带宽度下运行。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方案中,雷达传感器具有优选30 cm至10 m的检测范围。根据本发明设置的应包括运载工具内部空间的小的作用范围使得雷达传感器和天线的发射功率以及建造尺寸同样能够保持得小。这一方面使得将雷达传感器集成到根据本发明的复合玻璃板中变得容易,并且另一方面也使得雷达传感器的高能效的运行成为可能。
在根据本发明的复合玻璃板的另一个实施方案中,雷达传感器具有优选小于1mm,特别优选小于0.5 mm的厚度。换句话说,厚度是指雷达传感器的高度。适宜地,雷达传感器的高度被选择为使得其可以毫无问题地集成到复合玻璃板的中间层中。例如,雷达传感器的尺寸可以为5 cm x 5 cm x 0.75 mm (长度x宽度x厚度) 。在传感器面积,即所使用的雷达传感器的长度和宽度方面的建造尺寸原则上不是关键的,然而总是纯粹出于美观原因就追求小型化。通过已经可得的雷达传感器和雷达传感器系统的已经可能的小尺寸,可以毫无问题地实现将雷达传感器集成到复合玻璃板中。有利地,雷达信号可以穿透玻璃和塑料并且对振动不敏感。
在另一实施方案中,雷达传感器具有半导体芯片,所述半导体芯片实现至少一个雷达收发器。这种雷达传感器的实例是以FMCW雷达技术实施的单芯片系统,例如77GHz或140 GHz单芯片雷达传感器。利用这样的雷达传感器,不仅可以特别好地检测大的运动,如手势,而且可以特别好地检测生命机能,如人员的心跳或呼吸以及其在运载工具内部空间中的存在,并且这样的传感器系统的尺寸有利地被构造为特别紧凑和小,这还使集成到复合玻璃板的中间层中变得容易。
此外,半导体芯片还可以根据本发明实现雷达传感器的数字信号处理组件和/或控制单元。替代地或额外地,半导体芯片和雷达传感器的天线装置能够作为封装件(Package)实现并且集成在中间层中。有利的是,已可提供在半导体芯片上的非常紧凑的CMOS雷达传感器,即具有芯片上存储器、信号处理组件、微控制器(其用于处理雷达信号)的所谓的芯片上雷达系统和/或集成天线,它们被构造为特别小并且特别适合于在运载工具内部空间中根据本发明的短作用范围应用。天线的额外集成提供了短的信号路径和较低的信噪比,并且适合于高频和较大和可变的频带宽度。
在另一个实施方案中,雷达传感器和/或评估单元与运载工具的车载电子设备和/或警告系统或者用于输出警告信号的外部输出装置连接。因此,例如在检测到儿童存在于否则未被占用的运载工具中时,可以通过运载工具的警报设备发出声学和/或光学信号。另一个或额外的可能性将是耦连到自动紧急呼叫系统eCall。因此,确保及时的介入。
在另一个实施方案中设置,复合玻璃板,特别是中间层包括至少一个其它传感器,例如一个或多个雷达传感器,和/或至少一个其它功能元件。由此,一方面能够实现其它功能,例如防盗保护、运载工具监测或驾驶辅助。另外,例如具有其它功能的一个或多个照相机或其它传感器可以集成到复合玻璃板中。但是,尤其也可以设置其它传感器或功能元件,它们额外地辅助雷达传感器的安全功能和/或任选地与其在功能方面连接或与其共同作用。这例如可以通过一个或多个额外的雷达传感器进行,所述雷达传感器例如通过CAN总线系统相互连接并且在这样的CAN网络中同时运行。然后可以一起处理和评估不同传感器的雷达数据,这还提高了所产生的测量数据的精确度和可靠性。
此外,本发明涉及用于制造如上所述的复合玻璃板的方法,该方法包括以下步骤
-提供由外玻璃板、内玻璃板和至少一个布置在它们之间的用于形成热塑性中间层的热塑性薄膜制成的堆叠体序列,
其中至少一个热塑性薄膜包括至少一个雷达传感器,或在所述热塑性薄膜与所述外玻璃板(1)和/或内玻璃板(2)之间布置雷达传感器(4),
-将所述堆叠体序列层压成复合玻璃板(100) 。
换句话说,根据本发明,外玻璃板、内玻璃板和至少一个布置在它们之间的热塑性薄膜以及所述至少一个雷达传感器可以被布置为堆叠体。雷达传感器可以以面形式邻接外玻璃板和/或内玻璃板。当然,将这两个玻璃板和布置在它们之间的薄膜布置成以面形式且基本上一致地彼此叠置。雷达传感器适宜地定位在玻璃板面内,以使得它在所产生的复合玻璃板中在安装状态下具有所希望的检测范围。优选地,在层压之前,雷达传感器例如设有任选具有希望的所有电或电子接头的扁平导体。这些接头和导线可以以已知和常见的方式来产生和提供。
将形成的层序列层压和因此接合成复合玻璃板是优选在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行的。可以使用本身已知的用于制造复合玻璃板的方法。在层压时,被加热的可流动的热塑性材料流入空间中并且围绕雷达传感器,从而制成稳定的复合体,并且雷达传感器被包封到中间层中并且固定到中间层中。
例如,所谓的高压釜法可在约10巴至15巴的高压和约130℃至145℃的温度下进行约2小时。本身已知的真空袋法或真空环法例如在约200毫巴和80℃至110℃下工作。外玻璃板、热塑性中间层和内玻璃板也可在压延机中在至少一个辊对之间压制成玻璃板。这种类型的设备被已知是为了制造玻璃板并且通常在压机之前具有至少一个加热通道。在压制过程中的温度例如为40℃至150℃。压延机法和高压釜法的组合在实践中已经被证明是特别有用的。替代地,可以使用真空层压机。其由一个或多个可加热且可抽真空的室构成,在这些室中在例如约60分钟内在0.01毫巴至800毫巴的减压和80℃至170℃的温度下层压所述玻璃板。
在所述方法的一个实施方式中,所述雷达传感器可以形状配合的方式插入到所述热塑性中间层的至少一个热塑性薄膜中的缺口中。所述热塑性层可以通过连贯的热塑性薄膜形成,在所述热塑性薄膜中例如通过切割或冲压而引入有或引入了缺口,所述雷达传感器可插入或嵌入到所述缺口中。换句话说,热塑性层此时被构造成框架状地围绕雷达传感器。替代地,一个层的热塑性薄膜也可以被布置为由围绕雷达传感器的多个薄膜区段组成。如此连贯的或由子区段形成的热塑性层在其厚度方面优选与雷达传感器的高度(厚度)大致匹配。在接合时的光学畸变或玻璃破裂可以通过这样实现的厚度补偿而基本上被避免。
同样也可能的是,中间层由多个彼此叠置的热塑性薄膜和/或薄膜区段形成,并且用于容纳雷达传感器的缺口被设置在两个或更多个彼此相邻且直接彼此叠置的薄膜层中。根据本发明,缺口可以是一个或多个薄膜内的贯穿热塑性层的孔或凹处。在层压时,这样彼此叠置的热塑性层相互接合并且形成中间层。在此,薄膜层和/或薄膜区段可以由相同的或不同的材料,例如PVB构成。因此,不同的热塑性薄膜和/或薄膜区段可均匀地相互熔合,并且在所产生的复合玻璃板中不再能够彼此区分。
所述至少一个热塑性薄膜中或多个热塑性薄膜的薄膜堆叠体中的缺口在尺寸、位置和布置方面与所述至少一个雷达传感器相匹配。这意味着,缺口的尺寸基本上对应于雷达传感器的尺寸或稍微更大,尤其是为雷达传感器的尺寸的最大150%,优选最大120%。缺口的位置对应于雷达传感器在要制成的复合玻璃板中的所希望的定位。通过所分配的缺口,雷达传感器额外地在制造期间固定在用于形成中间层的一个热塑性薄膜或多个热塑性薄膜中。在制造期间不需要用于可靠且精确配合的定位的额外固定。
雷达传感器的位置对于生产而言可为规定的,这对于大规模制造是有利的。热塑性薄膜中的缺口可在层压之前产生。具有特定缺口的薄膜可以有利地以大的件数制备或甚至直接由薄膜供应商适当地要求和购买。
通过设置用于将雷达传感器容纳在一个或多个彼此叠置的热塑性薄膜中的适当缺口,有利地补偿否则出现的高度差并且因此确保在所产生的复合玻璃板中的低应力且无光学畸变的接合。热塑性层的厚度可以与各自使用的雷达传感器相匹配,以例如避免由于局部的厚度差而在所使用的外玻璃板和内玻璃板中的玻璃破裂或应力并且还制造光学上无缺陷的接合。
在用于制造复合玻璃板的方法的另一个实施方式中,雷达传感器例如可通过CAN总线网络与其它传感器和/或车载电子设备连接。
此外,本发明还涉及根据本发明的复合玻璃板在水陆空交通运载工具中,特别是作为机动车中的复合玻璃板,特别是作为顶玻璃板或挡风玻璃板的用途。
本发明的不同实施方式可以单独地或以任意组合的方式实现。特别地,前面所述和后面要阐述的特征不仅可以以所说明的组合、而且可以以其它组合或单独地使用,而不脱离本发明的范围。除非实施例和/或其特征被明确地提到仅作为替代方案或排除。
下面将参照附图更详细地说明本发明。在此要注意,描述不同的方面,这些方面可以各自单独地或组合地使用。也就是说,每个方面都可以与本发明的不同实施方案一起使用,只要没有明确地被说明作为纯粹的替代方案。
附图是简化的示意图并且不是按比例的。附图不以任何方式限制本发明。
其中
图1以运载工具的顶玻璃板为例示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板的一个实施方式的俯视图,
图2示出安装到运载工具中的图1的顶玻璃板的俯视图;
图3示出沿图1中的切割线X-X'的复合玻璃板的截面图,
图4示出根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案的流程图。
此外,下面为了简单起见通常总是仅涉及一个实体。但是,只要没有明确说明,本发明也可以分别具有多个相关的实体。在这方面,词语“一”、“一个”和“一种”的使用应被理解为仅指示在一个简单的实施方案中使用了至少一个实体。
图1以运载工具的顶玻璃板为例示出根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的一个实施方式的俯视图。适宜的是,雷达传感器4布置在顶玻璃板100的大致中央位置中,从而该雷达传感器具有用于接收雷达数据的尽可能大的检测范围。布置在复合玻璃板100中的所述一个或多个雷达传感器4将雷达射束辐射到运载工具内部空间中并且接收所反射的雷达射束。传感器的电和电子接头未被示出。根据本发明,雷达传感器4与用于确定运载工具内部空间中的人员或动物的运动和/或存在的评估单元(未示出)连接。例如,多个雷达传感器4可以通过CAN总线系统彼此连接并且在这种CAN网络中同时运行。然后可以一起处理和评估不同传感器的雷达数据,这还提高了所产生的测量数据的精确度和可靠性以及安全功能。在所示的实施方案中,雷达传感器4朝向运载工具内部空间被遮盖物5在视觉上遮盖。遮盖物5例如可以是黑色印刷物,其在制造过程中例如可以与常见的覆盖印刷物6同时地施加在环绕边缘上。在此期间,覆盖印刷物6的施加是常见的并且主要用于遮盖复合玻璃板100中和上的接头和连接件。用于实现雷达传感器的遮盖物5和覆盖印刷物6的黑色印刷物例如可以借助丝网印刷而施加在内玻璃板III的内表面上或在内玻璃板2的外表面IV上。替代地,可以通过布置一个或多个粘贴物来实现遮盖物5。通过遮盖物5并且也通过覆盖印刷物6明显提高了美观印象。在所示的实施方案中,两个其它雷达传感器4布置在复合玻璃板100的环绕边缘上的覆盖印刷物6的区域中。该覆盖印刷物已遮盖布置在边缘侧的雷达传感器4,从而不必施加附加的遮盖物5,以便获得复合玻璃板的视觉上良好的印象。雷达传感器4的另一遮盖物5可以附加地或替代地也朝着外侧以相同的方式在外玻璃板1上实现。
在一个实施方案中,雷达传感器4和/或评估单元与运载工具的车载电子设备和/或警告系统或用于输出警告信号的外部输出装置连接。因此,例如在通过雷达传感器4检测到儿童存在于否则未被占用的运载工具中时,可以通过运载工具的警报设备发出声学和/或光学信号。另一个或另外的可能性将是耦连到自动紧急呼叫系统eCall。因此可以确保及时的介入。
图2示出安装在运载工具(载人轿车) 7中的图1的作为顶玻璃板的根据本发明的复合玻璃板100的俯视图。该复合玻璃板的说明对应于图1中的说明。在复合玻璃板100的环绕边缘上的覆盖印刷物6的区域中的雷达传感器4未示出。
图3示出沿图1中的切割线X-X'的复合玻璃板100的截面图。所示实施方案示出具有外玻璃板1和内玻璃板2以及布置在它们之间的热塑性中间层3的复合玻璃板100,雷达传感器4集成在该热塑性中间层中。雷达传感器4布置在中间层3的缺口中并且以面形式邻接外玻璃板1的内表面II。因此,雷达传感器被包封在中间层3中并且被保护免受环境影响。中间层3的构成的厚度与所使用的雷达传感器4的高度(厚度)匹配。在层压成复合玻璃板100时,光学畸变或玻璃破裂可通过如此实现的厚度补偿而基本上避免。在内玻璃板2的内表面III上布置遮盖物5,其朝向运载工具内部空间遮盖雷达传感器4。这实现了复合玻璃板100在视觉上有吸引力的外观。雷达传感器4优选具有小于1 mm,特别优选小于0.5 mm的厚度。例如,雷达传感器3的尺寸可为3 cm x 3 cm x 0.5 mm(长度x宽度x厚度)。在传感器面积,即所使用的雷达传感器的长度和宽度方面的建造尺寸原则上不是关键的,然而总是纯粹出于美观原因就追求小型化。
图4示出根据本发明的方法的一个实施方案的流程图。制造如上所述的复合玻璃板100包括以下步骤
S1:提供由外玻璃板1、内玻璃板2和至少一个布置在它们之间的用于形成热塑性中间层3的热塑性薄膜制成的堆叠体序列,
其中至少一个热塑性薄膜包括至少一个雷达传感器,或在所述热塑性薄膜与所述外玻璃板1和/或内玻璃板2之间布置雷达传感器4,
S2:将所述堆叠体序列层压成复合玻璃板100。
换言之,可以根据本发明在第一方法步骤S1中布置和提供外玻璃板1、内玻璃板2和至少一个布置它们之间的用于形成中间层3的热塑性薄膜以及所述至少一个雷达传感器4作为堆叠体。雷达传感器4可以面形式邻接外玻璃板1和/或内玻璃板2。当然,将这两个玻璃板1和2和所述至少一个布置在它们之间的热塑性薄膜以面形式且基本上一致地彼此叠置。雷达传感器4适宜地定位在玻璃板面内,以使得它在所产生的复合玻璃板100中在安装状态下具有用于接收雷达数据的所需检测范围。根据本发明的雷达传感器4将雷达射束辐射到运载工具内部空间中并且接收所反射的雷达射束。根据本发明,雷达传感器4与用于确定运载工具内部空间中的人员或动物的运动和/或存在的评估单元(未示出)连接。优选地,在步骤2中进行层压之前,雷达传感器4例如设有任选具有希望的所有电或电子接头和触点的扁平导体,其例如用于将雷达传感器4与评估单元和/或车载电子设备连接。评估单元例如也可以集成在车载电子设备中。这样的接头、触点和导线可以已知和常见的方式产生和提供,所述方式不必详细阐述。
将形成的层序列层压和因此接合成复合玻璃板是优选在热、真空和/或压力的作用下进行的。可以使用本身已知的用于制造复合玻璃板的方法。在层压时,被加热的可流动热塑性材料流入空间中并且围绕雷达传感器,从而产生稳定的复合体,并且雷达传感器被包封在中间层中并且固定在中间层中。
例如,所谓的高压釜法可在约10巴至15巴的高压和约130℃至145℃的温度下进行约2小时。本身已知的真空袋法或真空环法例如在约200毫巴和80℃至110℃下工作。外玻璃板、热塑性中间层和内玻璃板也可以在压延机中在至少一个辊对之间压制成玻璃板。这种类型的设备被已知是为了制造玻璃板并且通常在压机之前具有至少一个加热通道。在压制过程中的温度例如为40℃至150℃。压延机法和高压釜法的组合在实践中已经被证明是特别有用的。替代地,可以使用真空层压机。其由一个或多个可加热且可抽真空的室构成,在这些室中在例如约60分钟内在0.01毫巴至800毫巴的减压和80℃至170℃的温度下层压所述玻璃板。
根据本发明,提供复合玻璃板,利用该复合玻璃板可以进一步提高运载工具中的乘客的安全性。尤其是在对于其它光学系统而言不利的环境影响,例如黑暗或大量的热和强烈的太阳辐射的情况下也可以通过根据本发明的具有集成的雷达传感器的解决方案提供在运载工具内部空间中关于人员或动物的运动和/或存在的数据的可靠的测量和评估。例如,由此可以识别在否则离开的运载工具中留下的儿童或动物并且能够实现及时的介入。此外,还可以进一步改进并且可靠地提供驾驶员监测。
根据本发明的具有集成的雷达传感器的复合玻璃板的制造可以简单且成本有利地进行,并且也适用于批量制造。
附图标记列表
100 复合玻璃板
1 外玻璃板
2 内玻璃板
3 中间层
4 雷达传感器
5 遮盖物
6 覆盖印刷物
7 运载工具
I 外玻璃板的外表面
II 外玻璃板的内表面
III 内玻璃板的内表面
IV 内玻璃板的外表面。
Claims (15)
1.用于运载工具的复合玻璃板(100),其具有外玻璃板(1)和内玻璃板(2),所述外玻璃板和内玻璃板通过热塑性中间层(3)相互接合,并且所述复合玻璃板(100)被设置用于将乘客的运载工具内部空间与外部环境分隔开,其中在所述热塑性中间层(3)中集成至少一个雷达传感器(4)并且将所述雷达传感器这样构造和布置,以使得所述雷达传感器(4)将雷达射束辐射到运载工具内部空间中并且接收所反射的雷达射束,并且所述雷达传感器与用于确定运载工具内部空间中的人员或动物的运动和/或存在的评估单元连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中热塑性中间层(3)由一个或多个热塑性薄膜形成,并且热塑性中间层含有聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)、乙烯乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)和/或聚氨酯或由其构成。
3.根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)被布置为嵌入在所述热塑性中间层(3)中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器在视觉上被所述外玻璃板(1)和/或内玻璃板(2)上的黑色或白色印刷物遮盖。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)可被运行用于接收具有至少2 GHz的频带宽度和/或76至150 GHz的频带的雷达数据。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)具有优选30 cm至10 m的检测范围。
7.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)具有优选小于1 mm的厚度。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)具有半导体芯片,所述半导体芯片实现至少一个雷达收发器。
9.根据权利要求4所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述半导体芯片此外实现所述雷达传感器(4)的数字信号处理组件和/或控制单元,和/或所述半导体芯片和所述雷达传感器的天线装置被实现为封装件并集成在所述中间层(3)中。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合玻璃板(100),其中所述雷达传感器(4)和/或评估单元与运载工具的车载电子设备和/或警告系统或用于输出警告提示的外部输出装置连接。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100),其特征在于,所述复合玻璃板(100),特别是中间层(3)包括至少一个其它传感器和/或至少一个其它功能元件。
12.用于制造根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)的方法,其包括以下步骤
-提供由外玻璃板(1)、内玻璃板(2)和至少一个布置在它们之间的用于形成热塑性中间层(3)的热塑性薄膜制成的堆叠体序列,
其中至少一个热塑性薄膜包括至少一个雷达传感器,或在所述热塑性薄膜与所述外玻璃板(1)和/或内玻璃板(2)之间布置雷达传感器(4),
-将所述堆叠体序列层压成复合玻璃板(100)。
13.用于制造根据权利要求11所述的复合玻璃板(100)的方法,
其中所述雷达传感器(4)以形状配合的方式插入到所述热塑性中间层(3)的至少一个热塑性薄膜中的缺口中。
14.用于制造根据权利要求11或12中任一项所述的复合玻璃板(100)的方法,
其中所述雷达传感器(4)通过CAN总线与其它传感器和/或车载电子设备连接。
15.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的复合玻璃板在水陆空交通运载工具中,特别是用于机动车,特别是作为顶玻璃板或挡风玻璃板的用途。
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- 2021-01-07 WO PCT/EP2021/050148 patent/WO2021144180A1/de unknown
- 2021-01-07 CN CN202180000512.6A patent/CN114916224B/zh active Active
- 2021-01-07 EP EP21700490.2A patent/EP4090532B1/de active Active
- 2021-01-07 KR KR1020227026605A patent/KR20220123547A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2023511294A (ja) | 2023-03-17 |
US20230062539A1 (en) | 2023-03-02 |
WO2021144180A1 (de) | 2021-07-22 |
KR20220123547A (ko) | 2022-09-07 |
EP4090532B1 (de) | 2023-12-13 |
EP4090532A1 (de) | 2022-11-23 |
CN114916224B (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
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