CN114910808A - Battery internal resistance detection method and battery internal resistance detection circuit - Google Patents

Battery internal resistance detection method and battery internal resistance detection circuit Download PDF

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CN114910808A
CN114910808A CN202210450918.0A CN202210450918A CN114910808A CN 114910808 A CN114910808 A CN 114910808A CN 202210450918 A CN202210450918 A CN 202210450918A CN 114910808 A CN114910808 A CN 114910808A
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battery
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internal resistance
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CN114910808B (en
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王维林
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Autel Intelligent Technology Corp Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/08Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4285Testing apparatus
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Measurement Of Resistance Or Impedance (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery internal resistance detection method and a battery internal resistance detection circuit. Namely, the precision of the detection of the internal resistance of the battery can be improved by carrying out targeted internal resistance detection on the battery to be detected.

Description

Battery internal resistance detection method and battery internal resistance detection circuit
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery internal resistance detection method and a battery internal resistance detection circuit.
Background
The measurement accuracy of the internal resistance of the battery is very important for judging the performance of the battery, generally, the detection of the internal resistance of the battery is in the milliohm level, and the requirement on the detection accuracy is very high. At present, a DCIR (Direct Current Internal Resistance) test method is generally adopted to test the Internal Resistance of a battery with a large capacity. An ACIR (Alternating current internal Resistance) method is usually used to measure the internal Resistance of a battery with a small capacity, but the ACIR testing method has very high requirements on processing such as interference and filtering, and the ACIR testing circuit is easily interfered by the outside, and has no DCIR testing method in precision. The internal resistance of most batteries on the market is measured by using a single measuring method and a single calculating technology, so that the repeatable result of the internal resistance of the batteries is not ideal, and the testing precision is greatly influenced by the detection environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem mainly solved by the embodiment of the invention is to provide a battery internal resistance detection method and a battery internal resistance detection circuit, which can improve the accuracy of battery internal resistance detection.
In order to solve the above technical problem, one technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is: provided is a battery internal resistance detection method, including: determining the capacity range of the battery to be tested; determining the detection logic of the battery to be detected according to the capacity range of the battery to be detected; acquiring the voltage and the current of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic; and calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current.
In some embodiments, the detection logic includes first logic and second logic, the capacity range includes a first capacity range and a second capacity range, and the determining the detection logic of the battery under test according to the capacity range of the battery under test includes: when the capacity range of the battery to be detected is within the first capacity range, determining that the internal resistance of the battery to be detected is detected by using the first logic; and when the capacity range of the battery to be detected is in the second capacity range, determining to detect the internal resistance of the battery to be detected by using the second logic.
In some embodiments, the first logic includes a first charging logic and a first discharging logic, the second logic includes a second charging logic and a second discharging logic, the voltage of the battery under test includes a first charging voltage, a second charging voltage, a first discharging voltage, and a second discharging voltage, the current of the battery under test includes a first charging current, a second charging current, a first discharging current, and a second discharging current, and the obtaining the voltage and the current of the battery under test according to the detection logic includes: when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the first capacity range, acquiring a first charging voltage and a first charging current of the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, and acquiring a first discharging voltage and a first discharging current of the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic; and when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, acquiring a second charging voltage and a second charging current of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, and acquiring a second discharging voltage and a second discharging current of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic.
In some embodiments, the internal resistance of the battery to be tested includes a charging internal resistance and a discharging internal resistance, and the calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current includes: when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is within the first capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, the first charging voltage and the first charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic, the first discharging voltage and the first discharging current; when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, the second charging voltage and the second charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic, the second discharging voltage and the second discharging current.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution adopted by the embodiment of the present invention is: the battery internal resistance detection circuit comprises a power supply module, a detection module, a control module and a sampling module, wherein the power supply module is respectively connected with the detection module, the control module, the sampling module and a battery to be detected; the detection module is used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the first capacity range or the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the second capacity range according to the instruction of the control module; the sampling module is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested; the control module is used for executing the battery internal resistance detection method.
In some embodiments, the detection module includes a first detection unit and a second detection unit, the first detection unit is connected to the power module and the battery to be detected, respectively, the second detection unit is connected to the power module and the battery to be detected, respectively, and the first detection unit is configured to detect the battery to be detected in the first capacity range; the second detection unit is used for detecting the battery to be detected in the second capacity range.
In some embodiments, the first detection unit includes a switch 1, a switch 2, a switch Q1, a switch Q2, and a resistor stack a, the second end of the switch 1 is connected to the first end of the switch Q1, the second end of the switch Q1 is connected to the power module, the first end of the switch 1 is connected to the first end of the switch 2 and the first end of the battery to be tested, the second end of the switch 2 is connected to the first end of the switch Q2, the second end of the switch Q2 is connected to the first end of the resistor stack a, and the second end of the resistor stack a is connected to the power module and the second end of the battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, the second detection unit includes a switch 3, a switch 4, a switch 5, a switch Q3, a switch Q4, a switch Q5, a resistor stack b, a resistor stack c, a first terminal of the switch 3 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q3, a first terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the power supply module, the second end of the switch 3 is respectively connected with the first end of the switch 4, the first end of the switch 5 and the battery to be tested, a second terminal of the switch 4 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q4, a second terminal of the switch Q4 is connected to a first terminal of the resistor stack b, a second terminal of the switch 5 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q5, a second terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to a first terminal of the resistor stack c, and the second end of the battery to be tested is respectively connected with the power supply module, the second end of the resistor stack b and the second end of the resistor stack c.
In some embodiments, the sampling module includes a sensor unit, an operational amplifier unit, a data sampling unit and a signal processing unit, the sensor unit is respectively connected to the battery to be tested and the operational amplifier unit, the operational amplifier unit is connected to the data sampling unit, the data sampling unit is connected to the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit is connected to the control module, and the sensor unit is configured to collect a current signal and a voltage signal of the battery to be tested; the operational amplifier unit is used for eliminating interference on the acquired current signal and the acquired voltage signal; the data acquisition unit is used for sampling the current signal subjected to interference elimination and the voltage signal subjected to interference elimination to obtain a sampled current signal and a sampled voltage signal; and the signal processing unit is used for carrying out signal processing on the sampling current signal and the sampling voltage signal to obtain the current and the voltage of the battery to be tested.
In some embodiments, the sensor unit includes a current sensor connected in series with the battery under test and a voltage sensor connected in parallel with the battery under test.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: different from the situation in the prior art, the battery internal resistance detection method and the battery internal resistance detection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention determine the capacity range of the battery to be detected, determine the detection logic of the battery to be detected according to the capacity range of the battery to be detected, obtain the voltage and the current of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic, and calculate the internal resistance of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current. Namely, the precision of the detection of the internal resistance of the battery can be improved by carrying out targeted internal resistance detection on the battery to be detected.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated in drawings corresponding to, and not limiting to, the embodiments, in which elements having the same reference number designation may be represented as similar elements, unless specifically noted, the drawings in the figures are not to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery internal resistance detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for detecting internal resistance of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a detection logic for determining the battery under test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of acquiring the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a process for calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery internal resistance detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit for detecting internal resistance of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a second detection unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a voltage change when the switch Q1 is turned on.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
It should be noted that, if not conflicted, the various features of the embodiments of the invention may be combined with each other within the scope of protection of the invention. Additionally, while a division of functional blocks is made within a device diagram, with a logical order shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than the division of blocks in the device diagram, or the order in the flowchart.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery internal resistance detection system 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the battery internal resistance detection system 300 includes a battery 200 to be tested and a battery internal resistance detection circuit 100.
The battery internal resistance detection circuit 100 is electrically connected to the battery 200 to be tested. The battery internal resistance detection circuit 100 is configured to measure an internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested, where the internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested includes a charging internal resistance and a discharging internal resistance. The battery 200 to be tested may be a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.
Specifically, the battery internal resistance detection circuit 100 determines the capacity range of the battery 200 to be detected, determines the detection logic of the battery 200 to be detected according to the capacity range of the battery 200 to be detected, obtains the voltage and the current of the battery 200 to be detected according to the detection logic, and calculates the internal resistance of the battery 200 to be detected according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current. The battery 200 to be tested includes a battery 200 to be tested in a first capacity range and a battery 200 to be tested in a second capacity range. In the embodiment of the present invention, two different internal resistance detection methods are adopted for the battery 200 to be detected in the first capacity range and the battery 200 to be detected in the second capacity range, so as to obtain a more accurate internal resistance of the battery 200 to be detected.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for detecting internal resistance of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention provides a battery internal resistance detection method applied to the battery internal resistance detection circuit 100, where the method can be executed by the battery internal resistance detection circuit 100, and the battery internal resistance detection method includes:
and step S1, determining the capacity range of the battery to be tested.
And determining the capacity range of the battery to be detected so as to detect the internal resistance of the battery to be detected by adopting a targeted battery internal resistance detection method.
And step S2, determining the detection logic of the battery to be detected according to the capacity range of the battery to be detected.
The detection logic comprises how to charge and discharge the battery to be detected and how to process data in the charging and discharging process of the battery to be detected, so that the internal resistance of the battery to be detected is finally calculated.
For the batteries to be detected in different capacity ranges, different detection logics are adopted to detect the internal resistance of the batteries to be detected, and more accurate results can be obtained.
And step S3, acquiring the voltage and the current of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic.
Specifically, the battery to be tested is charged or discharged according to the detection logic, and then the voltage or current of the battery to be tested is acquired.
And step S4, calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a detection logic for determining the battery to be tested according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the detection logic includes first logic and second logic, the capacity range includes a first capacity range and a second capacity range, and the determining the detection logic of the battery under test according to the capacity range of the battery under test includes:
and step S21, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the first capacity range, determining that the internal resistance of the battery to be tested is detected by using the first logic.
And step S22, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, determining that the internal resistance of the battery to be tested is detected by using the second logic.
The division criterion of the first capacity range and the second capacity range may be determined according to actual requirements, for example, the first capacity range is 0AH to 20AH (excluding 20AH), and the second capacity range is greater than or equal to 20 AH. Namely, the battery to be measured in the first capacity range includes a battery whose Internal Resistance is measured by using an Alternating Current Internal Resistance (ACIR) method, and the battery to be measured in the second capacity range includes a battery whose Internal Resistance is measured by using a Direct Current Internal Resistance (DCIR) method.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart illustrating obtaining the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested according to the embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, the first logic includes a first charging logic and a first discharging logic, the second logic includes a second charging logic and a second discharging logic, and the voltage of the battery to be tested includes a first charging voltage V a (i) A second charging voltage V b A first discharge voltage V c (i) And a second discharge voltage V d The current of the battery to be tested comprises a first charging current I a (i) A second charging current I b A first discharge current I c (i) And a second discharge current I d . In some embodiments, the obtaining the voltage and the current of the battery under test according to the detection logic includes:
step S31, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the first capacity range, obtaining a first charging voltage and a first charging current at the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, and obtaining a first discharging voltage and a first discharging current at the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic.
And step S32, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, acquiring a second charging voltage and a second charging current of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, and acquiring a second discharging voltage and a second discharging current of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a process of calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the internal resistance of the battery under test comprises a charging internal resistance R α And internal discharge resistance R β Calculating the voltage and the current according to the detection logicMeasuring the internal resistance of the battery comprises:
step S41, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is within the first capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, the first charging voltage and the first charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic, the first discharging voltage and the first discharging current.
And step S42, when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, the second charging voltage and the second charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic, the second discharging voltage and the second discharging current.
Specifically, the first charging logic is: firstly, inputting a PWM waveform signal to the battery to be tested in the first capacity range for charging, and acquiring the first charging voltage V in the charging process in real time a (i) And the first charging current I a (i) Then, the charging internal resistance R of the battery to be tested is calculated according to the following formula α
V a (i)=ε+I a (i)·R α (1)
And epsilon is the open-circuit voltage of the battery to be tested.
In the actual detection, the first charging voltage V in the above equation (1) a (i) And the first charging current I a (i) The effective value of the first charging voltage can be taken
Figure BDA0003617185630000081
And the effective value of the first charging current
Figure BDA0003617185630000082
And
Figure BDA0003617185630000083
the calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0003617185630000084
wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
The first discharge logic is: firstly, controlling the battery to be tested in the first capacity range to discharge, and acquiring the first discharge voltage V in the discharge process in real time c (i) And the first discharge current I c (i) Then, the discharge internal resistance R of the battery to be tested is calculated according to the following formula β
Figure BDA0003617185630000085
And epsilon is the open-circuit voltage of the battery to be tested.
The second charging logic is: firstly, two types of direct current, namely a first direct current and a second direct current are alternately input to the battery to be tested in the second capacity range, and the voltages of the first direct current and the second direct current are different. Second charging voltage V in real time acquisition charging process b And a second charging current I b Said second charging voltage V b Including inputting a first DC collected voltage V b1 And inputting the voltage V collected by the second direct current b2 The second charging current I b Including inputting a first direct current acquisition b1 And inputting a second direct current collected I b2 Then, the charging internal resistance R of the battery to be measured is calculated by adopting the following formula α
Figure BDA0003617185630000086
When the internal resistance of the battery to be detected within the second capacity range is detected, two direct current, namely a first direct current and a second direct current, need to be alternately input, the alternating frequency of the first direct current and the second direct current cannot be too high, and is generally set to be about 10 Hz.
In the first charging logic and the second charging logic, the measuring signals adopt PWM alternating signals, the influence of other calculation factors is reduced, and the calculation method is more reliable. The measured values are averaged through calculation of a plurality of periods, and the stability of the measured results is improved. The measuring signals adopt different frequencies according to the battery capacity, the low-capacity battery detects the high frequency, the high-capacity battery uses the low frequency instead, and the influence of frequency change on the sampling signals is reduced.
The second discharge logic is: and respectively connecting a resistor R1 and a resistor R2 in parallel at two ends of the battery to be tested in the second capacity range, and firstly controlling the battery to be tested to periodically switch connection between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 and discharge. Acquiring second discharge voltage V in charging process in real time d And a second discharge current I d The second discharge voltage V d Comprises a voltage V acquired by discharging the battery to be tested to the resistor R1 d1 And the voltage V acquired by discharging the battery to be tested to the resistor R2 d2 The second discharge current I d Comprises a current I collected by discharging the battery to be tested to the resistor R1 d1 And the current I collected by the discharge of the battery to be tested to the resistor R2 d2 Then, the following formula is adopted to calculate the discharge internal resistance R of the battery to be measured β
Figure BDA0003617185630000091
According to the method for detecting the internal resistance of the battery, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the capacity range of the battery to be detected is determined, the detection logic of the battery to be detected is determined according to the capacity range of the battery to be detected, the voltage and the current of the battery to be detected are obtained according to the detection logic, and the internal resistance of the battery to be detected is calculated according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current. The method for detecting the internal resistance of the battery integrates two internal resistance measurement technologies of the battery, different test methods are adopted according to the capacity of the battery, the high-capacity battery is measured by adopting a two-stage DCIR method, and the low-capacity battery is measured by adopting an effective value method of alternating signals, so that the measurement precision is improved, and the safety of the battery is ensured. Meanwhile, the battery internal resistance detection method provided by the embodiment supports independent tests of the charging internal resistance and the discharging internal resistance, the measured value can better meet the practical calculation application scene, and the battery performance analysis is more representative.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a circuit for detecting internal resistance of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery internal resistance detection circuit 100, which comprises a power module 10, a detection module 20, a control module 30 and a sampling module 40, wherein the power module 10 is respectively connected with the detection module 20, the control module 30, the sampling module 40 and a battery 200 to be detected, the control module 30 is respectively connected with the detection module 20 and the sampling module 40, the detection module 20 and the sampling module 40 are respectively connected with the battery 200 to be detected, and the power module 10 is used for providing power for the detection module 20, the control module 30, the sampling module 40 and the battery 200 to be detected; the detection module 20 is configured to detect the internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the first capacity range or the internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the second capacity range according to the instruction of the control module 30; the sampling module 40 is configured to collect voltage and current of the battery 200 to be tested; the control module 30 is configured to execute the battery internal resistance detection method as described above.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a battery internal resistance detection circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the detection module 10 includes a first detection unit 201 and a second detection unit 202, the first detection unit 201 is connected to the power module 10 and the battery 200 to be tested, the second detection unit 202 is connected to the power module 10 and the battery 200 to be tested, and the first detection unit 201 is configured to detect the battery 200 to be tested in the first capacity range; the second detecting unit 202 is configured to detect the battery 200 to be tested in the second capacity range.
In some embodiments, the sampling module 40 includes a sensor unit 401, an operational amplifier unit 402, a data sampling unit 403, and a signal processing unit 404, where the sensor unit 401 is connected to the battery 200 to be tested and the operational amplifier unit 402, the operational amplifier unit 402 is connected to the data sampling unit 403, the data sampling unit 403 is connected to the signal processing unit 404, the signal processing unit 404 is connected to the control module 30, and the sensor unit 401 is configured to collect a current signal and a voltage signal of the battery 200 to be tested; the operational amplifier unit 402 is configured to interfere with the collected current signal and the collected voltage signal; the data acquisition unit 403 is configured to sample the interference-removed current signal and the interference-removed voltage signal, and obtain a sampled current signal and a sampled voltage signal; the signal processing unit 404 is configured to perform signal processing on the sampled current signal and the sampled voltage signal to obtain a current and a voltage of the battery 200 to be tested.
In some embodiments, the sensor unit 404 includes a current sensor 4011 and a voltage sensor 4012, the current sensor 4011 is connected in series with the battery under test 200, and the voltage sensor 4012 is connected in parallel with the battery under test 200.
Specifically, the control module 30 may be a Micro Controller Unit (MCU), which is also called a Single Chip Microcomputer (Single Chip Microcomputer) or a Single Chip Microcomputer.
The operational amplifier unit 402 suppresses the noise of the collected current signal and voltage signal, configures different gains for the current signal and the voltage signal, supports wide sampling range and high precision of the current signal and the voltage signal, and reduces the influence of interference.
The data sampling unit 403 may be an ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter or Analog-to-Digital Converter) for converting an Analog signal with a continuous variable into a discrete Digital signal. The signal processing unit 404 may be an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). Because the change rate of the detection signal of the battery to be detected in the first capacity range is very fast, generally more than 1KHz, a multichannel high-speed ADC is adopted for sampling, and the FPGA is used for processing the sampled signal. For the battery to be detected in the second capacity range, the detection current is large, the power output is relatively slow, the change frequency cannot be too high, and the frequency of the power supply can be set to be about 10 Hz.
In the embodiment of the invention, the time domain sorting and FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) high-frequency filtering and other technologies are adopted to eliminate the influence of sampling transient signals and clutter, the calculation result is more reliable, and the consistency of the measurement result is improved. The signal processing is realized by adopting a high-speed ADC and an FPGA, so that the data processing speed is improved, and the reliability of the analyzed data is guaranteed.
In some embodiments, the battery internal resistance detection circuit 100 further includes a communication module (not shown) connected to the control module 30, and configured to communicate with a cloud server, and receive and transmit data. In some embodiments, the battery internal resistance detection circuit 100 further includes an interaction module (not shown) connected to the control module 30, and configured to receive a command input by a user to the control module 30. The control module 30 may be input by an interaction module or acquired from a cloud platform through a communication module, and the capacity of the battery 200 to be tested and the charging and discharging current of the battery 200 to be tested are measured. The control module 30 can automatically detect the voltage range of the battery, output the optimized detection voltage, prevent the battery from being damaged, and ensure safer detection.
Referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a first detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the first detection unit 201 includes a switch 1, a switch 2, a switch Q1, a switch Q2, and a resistor stack a, the second end of the switch 1 is connected to the first end of the switch Q1, the second end of the switch Q1 is connected to the power module 10, the first end of the switch 1 is connected to the first end of the switch 2 and the first end of the battery 200 to be tested, the second end of the switch 2 is connected to the first end of the switch Q2, the second end of the switch Q2 is connected to the first end of the resistor stack a, and the second end of the resistor stack a is connected to the power module 10 and the second end of the battery 200 to be tested.
Specifically, the control ends of the switches Q2 are all connected to the control module 30, and the control module 30 can control the on/off of the switch 1, the switch 2, the switch Q1, and the switch Q2. The switches 1 and 2 can be referred to as simpler controllable switches, and the switches Q1 and Q2 can be switches composed of field effect transistors.
When the charging internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the first capacity range is detected, the control module controls the switch 1 to be turned on, the switch 2 to be turned off, and the switch Q2 to be turned off, and controls the switch Q1 to be turned on and off according to corresponding frequency to form a signal of a PWM waveform.
When the discharging internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the first capacity range is detected, the control module controls the switch 1 to be switched off, the switch 2 to be switched on and the switch Q1 to be switched off, and controls the switch Q2 to be switched on and off according to the corresponding frequency so as to measure the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested.
In this embodiment, the switch 1 and the switch 2 are used to eliminate the influence of the capacitors in the switch Q1 and the switch Q2, so as to make the measured internal resistance more accurate.
The resistor stack a is formed by connecting a plurality of resistors in series, each resistor is connected with a switch in parallel, and whether the resistors are connected in series in a loop can be controlled through the switches. Different resistances can be realized by combining different resistors in series. The discharge resistor is constructed by a resistor stack a, two resistor combinations are constructed in the resistor stack a according to different discharge currents, and during discharge, the two combinations are respectively switched to construct different output currents. The charging internal resistance and the discharging internal resistance of a plurality of groups of batteries to be measured can be measured, so that a more accurate result can be obtained by taking an average value and the like.
Referring to fig. 9, fig. 9 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of a second detecting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. In some embodiments, the second detecting unit 202 includes a switch 3, a switch 4, a switch 5, a switch Q3, a switch Q4, a switch Q5, a resistor stack b, and a resistor stack c, a first terminal of the switch 3 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q3, a first terminal of the switch Q3 is connected to the power module 10, the second end of the switch 3 is respectively connected with the first end of the switch 4, the first end of the switch 5 and the battery 200 to be tested, a second terminal of the switch 4 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q4, a second terminal of the switch Q4 is connected to a first terminal of the resistor stack b, a second terminal of the switch 5 is connected to a first terminal of the switch Q5, a second terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to a first terminal of the resistor stack c, the second end of the battery 200 to be tested is connected to the power module 10, the second end of the resistor stack b, and the second end of the resistor stack c, respectively.
When the charging internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the second capacity range is detected, the control module controls the switch 3 to be turned on, the switch 4 to be turned off, the switch 5 to be turned off, the switch Q3 to be turned on, the switch Q4 to be turned off and the switch Q5 to be turned off, and controls the power module 10 to alternately output two groups of direct currents with different voltages.
When the discharging internal resistance of the battery 200 to be tested in the second capacity range is detected, the control module controls the switch 3 to be switched off, the switch 4 to be switched on, the switch 5 to be switched on and the switch Q3 to be switched off, and controls the switch Q4 and the switch Q5 to be switched on alternately according to corresponding frequencies.
In this embodiment, the switch 3, the switch 4, and the switch 5 are used to eliminate the influence of the capacitors in the switch Q3, the switch Q4, and the switch Q5, so as to make the measured internal resistance more accurate.
The resistor stack b and the resistor stack c are connected in series by a plurality of resistors, each resistor is connected with a switch in parallel, and whether the resistors are connected in series in a loop can be controlled by the switches. Different resistances can be realized by combining different resistors in series. The discharge resistor is composed of a resistor stack b and a resistor stack c, and different output currents are constructed by switching between the two combinations respectively during discharge according to different discharge currents. Meanwhile, the charging internal resistance and the discharging internal resistance of a plurality of groups of batteries to be measured can be measured, so that more accurate results can be obtained by taking an average value and the like.
In this embodiment, the internal resistance of the battery to be tested is usually small, a small change in the charging voltage causes a large fluctuation in the current, and the power signal input to the battery to be tested must ensure that the detected current is within a safe range. Setting the initial voltage output by the power supply as the open-circuit voltage of the battery, gradually increasing the voltage of the power supply when the output current is 0, detecting the output current, and when the output current reaches the target detection current of the battery, not increasing the voltage of the power supply any more, wherein the voltage of the power supply can be used as the power supply voltage for measuring the charging internal resistance of the battery to be measured.
Referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating voltage variation when the switch Q1 is turned on.
In the embodiment of the invention, during the process of turning on or off the switch Q1 and the switch Q3, the voltage of the power supply may generate a surge, and a transient voltage is generated, as shown in fig. 10, the voltage is suddenly changed due to the influence of the turn-on surge at the stage t0-t 1. the voltage affected by the switch-off between the segments t2-t3 is also abrupt. To eliminate this effect, the sampled data needs to be filtered. There are generally two filtering methods, one is time-domain filtering, and the sample points take data between t1 and t 2. Another filtering method is frequency domain filtering, which is to transform the data into frequency domain by fast fourier transform, filter out high frequency interference components, and obtain stable voltage value. All filtering algorithms are processed in the FPGA, so that the timeliness of the processing is ensured. In actual processing, for the sampled data in a period, the time-domain filtering method may remove the first several data and the last several data, and then average the remaining data to obtain the sampled value in the period.
The battery internal resistance detection circuit provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a power module, a detection module, a control module and a sampling module, wherein the power module is respectively connected with the detection module, the control module, the sampling module and a battery to be detected; the detection module is used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the first capacity range or the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the second capacity range according to the instruction of the control module; the sampling module is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested; the control module is used for executing the battery internal resistance detection method. The precision of the detection of the internal resistance of the battery can be improved by carrying out targeted internal resistance detection on the battery to be detected.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; within the idea of the invention, also technical features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A battery internal resistance detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the capacity range of the battery to be tested;
determining the detection logic of the battery to be detected according to the capacity range of the battery to be detected;
acquiring the voltage and the current of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic;
and calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be detected according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detection logic includes a first logic and a second logic, the capacity range includes a first capacity range and a second capacity range, and the determining the detection logic of the battery to be tested according to the capacity range of the battery to be tested includes:
when the capacity range of the battery to be detected is within the first capacity range, determining that the internal resistance of the battery to be detected is detected by using the first logic;
and when the capacity range of the battery to be detected is in the second capacity range, determining to detect the internal resistance of the battery to be detected by using the second logic.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the first logic includes a first charging logic and a first discharging logic, the second logic includes a second charging logic and a second discharging logic, the voltage of the battery to be tested includes a first charging voltage, a second charging voltage, a first discharging voltage and a second discharging voltage, the current of the battery to be tested includes a first charging current, a second charging current, a first discharging current and a second discharging current, and the obtaining the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested according to the detection logic includes:
when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the first capacity range, acquiring a first charging voltage and a first charging current of the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, and acquiring a first discharging voltage and a first discharging current of the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic;
and when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, acquiring a second charging voltage and a second charging current of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, and acquiring a second discharging voltage and a second discharging current of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the internal resistance of the battery to be tested comprises a charging internal resistance and a discharging internal resistance, and the calculating the internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the detection logic, the voltage and the current comprises:
when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the first capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first charging logic, the first charging voltage and the first charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the first discharging logic, the first discharging voltage and the first discharging current;
when the capacity range of the battery to be tested is in the second capacity range, calculating the charging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second charging logic, the second charging voltage and the second charging current, and calculating the discharging internal resistance of the battery to be tested according to the second discharging logic, the second discharging voltage and the second discharging current.
5. The battery internal resistance detection circuit is characterized by comprising a power supply module, a detection module, a control module and a sampling module, wherein the power supply module is respectively connected with the detection module, the control module, the sampling module and a battery to be detected, the control module is respectively connected with the detection module and the sampling module, the detection module and the sampling module are respectively connected with the battery to be detected,
the power supply module is used for providing power for the detection module, the control module, the sampling module and the battery to be detected;
the detection module is used for detecting the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the first capacity range or the internal resistance of the battery to be detected in the second capacity range according to the instruction of the control module;
the sampling module is used for collecting the voltage and the current of the battery to be tested;
the control module is used for executing the battery internal resistance detection method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the detection module includes a first detection unit and a second detection unit, the first detection unit is connected to the power supply module and the battery to be tested, respectively, and the second detection unit is connected to the power supply module and the battery to be tested, respectively,
the first detection unit is used for detecting the battery to be detected within the first capacity range;
the second detection unit is used for detecting the battery to be detected in the second capacity range.
7. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 6, wherein the first detection unit includes a switch 1, a switch 2, a switch Q1, a switch Q2, a resistor stack a,
the second end of switch 1 with the first end of switch Q1 is connected, the second end of switch Q1 with power module connects, switch 1's first end respectively with switch 2's first end with the first end of the battery that awaits measuring is connected, switch 2's second end with switch Q2's first end is connected, switch Q2's second end with the first end of resistance stack a is connected, the second end of resistance stack a respectively with power module with the second end of the battery that awaits measuring is connected.
8. The internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 6, wherein the second detection unit includes a switch 3, a switch 4, a switch 5, a switch Q3, a switch Q4, a switch Q5, a resistor stack b, a resistor stack c,
the first end of switch 3 with the first end of switch Q3 is connected, the first end of switch Q3 with power module connects, the second end of switch 3 respectively with the first end of switch 4 the first end of switch 5 reaches the battery that awaits measuring connects, the second end of switch 4 with the first end of switch Q4 is connected, the second end of switch Q4 with the first end of resistance stack b is connected, the second end of switch 5 with the first end of switch Q5 is connected, the second end of switch Q5 with the first end of resistance stack c is connected, the second end of the battery that awaits measuring respectively with power module, the second end of resistance stack b reaches the second end of resistance stack c is connected.
9. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 5, wherein the sampling module includes a sensor unit, an operational amplifier unit, a data sampling unit and a signal processing unit, the sensor unit is respectively connected to the battery to be tested and the operational amplifier unit, the operational amplifier unit is connected to the data sampling unit, the data sampling unit is connected to the signal processing unit, the signal processing unit is connected to the control module,
the sensor unit is used for acquiring a current signal and a voltage signal of the battery to be tested;
the operational amplifier unit is used for eliminating interference on the acquired current signal and the acquired voltage signal;
the data acquisition unit is used for sampling the current signal subjected to interference elimination and the voltage signal subjected to interference elimination to obtain a sampled current signal and a sampled voltage signal;
and the signal processing unit is used for carrying out signal processing on the sampling current signal and the sampling voltage signal to obtain the current and the voltage of the battery to be tested.
10. The battery internal resistance detection circuit according to claim 9, wherein the sensor unit includes a current sensor and a voltage sensor, the current sensor being connected in series with the battery under test, the voltage sensor being connected in parallel with the battery under test.
CN202210450918.0A 2022-04-26 2022-04-26 Battery internal resistance detection method and battery internal resistance detection circuit Active CN114910808B (en)

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