CN114908294A - 汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板及其制造方法 - Google Patents
汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
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Abstract
本发明涉及特殊钢材料制造领域,尤其涉及汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板及其制造方法。汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,一种汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,成分要求:C:0.040~0.070、Si:1.50~2.00、Mn:0.80~1.20、P:≤0.030、S:≤0.003、Cr:19.20~20.00、Ni:12.10~12.50、N:0.03~0.06,其中:Creq/Nieq范围:1.3~1.5。制造方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一:AOD+LF炉冶炼;步骤二:连铸板坯生产;步骤三:修磨后的铸坯加热炉加热;步骤四:热轧板退火、酸洗。本发明使钢板具有一定高温强度的同时,耐腐蚀性能不至于大幅度降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特殊钢材料制造领域,尤其涉及汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板及其制造方法。
背景技术
汽车尾气排放标准国六于2020颁发,相对于国五而言,一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放限制下降50%,氮氧化合物排放限值下降42%,因此对汽车排气系统的“心脏”三元催化器的要求更加严苛。三元催化器,是安装在汽车排气系统中最重要的机外净化装置,它可将汽车尾气排出的一氧化碳、碳氢化合物和氮氧化物等有害气体通过氧化和还原作用转变为无害的二氧化碳、水和氮气。
目前很多知名品牌汽车采用涡轮增压来促进汽油燃烧,燃烧更充分,动力更强,尾气温度也较其他品牌汽车的尾气温度高,尾气进入三元催化器内发生反应时的温度更高,长时工作温度区间为400~800℃,反应最高点温度980℃,此时,成本低廉,热膨胀系数较小的441、439等铁素体不锈钢已不能满足三元催化器锥体和壳体材料对服役温度的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对上述问题,提供汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板及其制造方法。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,一种汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,成分要求:C:0.040~0.070、Si:1.50~2.00、Mn:0.80~1.20、P:≤0.030、S:≤0.003、Cr:19.20~20.00、Ni:12.10~12.50、N:0.03~0.06,其中:Creq/Nieq范围:1.3~1.5。
汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板的制造方法,包括以下步骤:步骤一:AOD+LF炉冶炼,精炼方法:LF炉精炼期间钢水温度控制区间为1500~1510℃,温度合适后加入0.1~0.3kg/t铝丸,1.5~3.0kg/t铝粒,喂Ca线3~4m/t,喂线后底吹氩气,300~500NL/min,吹气时间为5~8min;步骤二:连铸板坯生产:钢水过热度30±5℃,过程使用电磁搅拌,搅拌参数:频率2.7~3.0Hz,电流强度1120~1140A,换向时间15S,铸坯表面采用砂轮精细化修磨净表面氧化铁皮,修磨后表面粗糙度≤120μm;步骤三:修磨后的铸坯加热炉加热,均热段温度1250±10℃,均热段时间停留60~80min后轧制成厚度3~10mm的热板;步骤四:热轧板退火温度1120~1140℃,退火后经110~140g/lHNO3和20~40g/lHF混合酸液酸洗成热轧白皮卷后轧制成冷板,要求轧制总变形率≥70%,冷板退火温度1110~1120℃,退火后经酸洗成汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板。
Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si,Nieq=%Ni+30×(%C+%N)+0.5×%Mn。
酸洗的酸洗液为150~200g/lHNO3和15~30g/lHF混合酸液。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明的创新之处是窄化奥氏体耐热不锈中C含量的控制,使其具有一定高温强度的同时,耐腐蚀性能不至于大幅度降低,其次,控制钢液成分Creq/Nieq在1.3~1.5%,使铸坯内高温δ-Fe≤5%,解决了热轧板边部线状缺陷问题。强Al脱氧匹配Ca对MgO·Al2O3变性处理技术,获得了纯净度极高的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷板产品。采用低过热度浇铸及电磁搅拌,有效阻止了易偏析元素C和Si的偏析问题。研究了轧制变形量对固溶后晶粒度均匀性的影响以及不同固溶温度对晶粒尺寸的影响,控制冷板轧制总变形率≥70%,固溶温度1120±10℃,实现2.0mm厚度以下冷板晶粒度级别精准控制在7.5±0.5级,钢板能够在900℃以上长期使用。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的描述。
图1:不同温度不同C含量下耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷板的高温抗拉强度图。
图2:耐高温奥氏体不锈钢热轧板边部线状缺陷图。
图3:冷轧累计变形率为16.7%对耐高温奥氏体不锈钢轧制态组织的影响图。
图4:冷轧累计变形率为28.5%对耐高温奥氏体不锈钢轧制态组织的影响图。
图5:冷轧累计变形率为42.9%对耐高温奥氏体不锈钢轧制态组织的影响图。
图6:冷轧累计变形率为63%对耐高温奥氏体不锈钢轧制态组织的影响图。
图7:固溶温度对耐高温奥氏体不锈钢卷板晶粒尺寸的影响图。
图8:钢板夹杂物图。
图9:钢板晶粒度图。
图10:耐高温奥氏体不锈钢抗氧化性对比图。
具体实施方式
本发明开发了一种以Cr、Ni、Si作为主要耐氧化元素的奥氏体不锈钢产品,Si含量相对较高的设计实现了耐氧化性能与较高Cr和Ni含量的310S不锈钢相当,节约了资源的同时,又另钢种具有较好的使用性能,最高使用温度可达1095℃。同时考虑产品在高温下长期使用,对产品高温性能稳定性有较高的要求,从产品纯净度及组织稳定性两方面着手,精炼及冷板轧制固溶采取了有效措施,获得了较高纯净度及精确晶粒度级别的生产工艺。
本发明的技术思路:
1、成分设计思路
合理的成分控制范围,根据高温强度及腐蚀性能的要求,确定C含量控制范围在0.05~0.09%,其次,控制钢液成分Creq/Nieq在1.3~1.5%(其中Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si+0.5×%Nb,Nieq=%Ni+30×(%C+%N)+0.5×%Mn),使铸坯内高温δ-Fe≤5%,有效保证了钢板表面质量。
根据相关标准及关键元素对相关性能的影响,首先确定主要元素Si 1.5%、Mn1.0%、Cr 19.5%、Ni 12.2%、N 0.05%。
(1)、C含量控制范围的确定
C含量直接影响产品的高温抗拉强度,在上述主元素含量不变的情况下,生产不同C含量的钢板,根据图1所示,随着C含量的升高,不同温度下本发明中的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢高温强度不断提高,C含量0.05%与0.06%时的高温强度相当,而含量为0.04%时,高温强度降低幅度稍大,尤其在900℃和1000℃降低趋势更明显,又兼顾耐蚀性能与冶炼控制稳定性问题,C含量控制范围0.05~0.09%。
(2)、Creq/Nieq的控制范围
本发明中的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢属于亚稳态奥氏体不锈钢,由于钢液的非平衡凝固,在铸坯中会有少量的铁素体,其含量多少直接决定了热加工性能和表面质量,并且影响力学性能,当铁素体含量为6%时,在热加工过程中出现边裂和表面线状缺陷,如图2所示。为提高表面合格率,将铸坯内铁素体含量控制在5%以内,对应的Creq/Nieq范围为1.3~1.5。
2、精炼工艺思路设计
传统Si脱氧后生成的大尺寸硅酸盐类夹杂物,会导致钢板内夹杂物尺寸过大而影响使用性能,本发明采用Al对钢液进行深脱氧及夹杂物细化,Al脱氧后钢液中极易形成镁铝尖晶石类夹杂物,该类夹杂物熔点高硬度大,严重影响钢板表面质量,因此还需Ca元素对镁铝尖晶石类夹杂进行处理。
3、连铸主要工艺参数确定
因产品C含量平均为0.06%,Si含量平均约为1.8%,远远高于其他奥氏体不锈钢中C和Si含量,因此在产品生产过程中C和Si的偏析倾向远远高于其他奥氏体不锈钢,连铸过程中,铸坯组织中的柱状晶均匀向中心发展,铸坯中心最后凝固的钢水中富含C、Mn、Si、S等低熔点溶质元素,形成偏析,连铸初期采用快速冷却及电磁搅拌可有效凝固偏析。
为保证铸坯经加热炉后表面氧化皮的均匀性问题,对铸坯修磨后表面粗糙度进行了规定。
4、冷板晶粒度控制思路
(1)、冷轧变形试验
取退火酸洗后的3.5mm厚奥氏体耐热不锈钢热轧板,热轧板晶粒度级别为6级,在实验室条件下进行了不同轧制变形量对固溶后钢板晶粒度均匀性影响的试验。
钢板轧制后的组织如图3所示,随着累计变形率的增加,轧制后钢板组织内未破碎的晶粒逐渐减少,当累计变形率为57.1%时,钢板内不再有未破碎的晶粒。
而累计变形率为16.7%、28.5%和42.9%的试样经过固溶后的钢板晶粒度不均匀,而变形率为63%和71.4%的试样经过固溶后的钢板晶粒度较均匀。因此生产中规定轧制总变形率≥70%,并且首道次变形率≥30%。
(2)、固溶制度的确定
为了摸索合理的固溶工艺,在1.0mm厚度的冷轧硬态板上取样进行了热处理实验,得到晶粒尺寸随固溶温度的变化趋势如图4所示。可以看出,随着固溶温度的提高,晶粒逐渐长大;尤其当温度在1120℃以上时,晶粒长大的趋势更明显。根据图4确定了冷线退火板温1120±10℃,保温时间则根据不同钢板厚度进行计算,调整热处理温度后的产品晶粒度级别精准控制在7.5±0.5级。
本发明开发出一种以Cr、Ni、Si作为主要耐氧化元素的新型奥氏体不锈钢产品,提高基体中Si元素的含量增加抗氧化性能,同时又保证了一定的C含量,使产品具有较高的高温强度及耐氧化性能。②通过优化LF精炼工艺获得了高纯净度的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢产品,实现抗高温疲劳强度的提升。③通过轧制变形率控制和固溶温度优化,实现2.0mm厚度以下冷板晶粒度级别精准控制在7.5±0.5级,满足高温性能稳定化的要求。
一种汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,成分要求:C 0.040~0.070、Si1.50~2.00、Mn 0.80~1.20、P ≤0.030、S ≤0.003、Cr 19.20~20.00、Ni 12.10~12.50、N 0.03~0.06,其中:Creq/Nieq范围 1.3~1.5(其中Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si,Nieq=%Ni+30×(%C+%N)+0.5×%Mn),按照以下步骤进行生产:
具体步骤为1.AOD+LF炉冶炼,精炼方法:LF炉精炼期间钢水温度控制区间为1500~1510℃,温度合适后加入0.1kg/t铝丸,1.5kg/t铝粒,喂Ca线3m/t,喂线后底吹氩气,300~500NL/min,吹气时间大于5~8min。2.连铸板坯生产:钢水过热度30±5℃,过程使用电磁搅拌,搅拌参数:频率2.7Hz,电流强度1120A,换向时间15S。铸坯表面采用砂轮精细化修磨净表面氧化铁皮,修磨后表面粗糙度≤120μm。3.修磨后的铸坯加热炉加热,均热段温度1250±10℃,均热段时间停留60min后轧制成一定厚度的热板。4.热轧板经过退火酸洗后轧制成冷板,要求轧制总变形率≥70%,固溶温度1120±10℃,退火酸洗。
经以上方法生产的冷轧板具有良好的高温使用性能,可以在900℃以上长期使用。
下面结合实施例详细说明本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的具体实施方式不局限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
1.通过电炉+AOD+LF+连铸工艺生产出奥氏体耐热不锈钢连铸坯,连铸坯的成分如下:C 0.055、Si 1.78、Mn 1.05、P 0.026、S 0.001、Cr 19.30、Ni 12.25、N 0.045,此时Creq/Nieq=1.39。
2.其中LF炉入炉调温微调成分后加入渣面加入300kg铝粉,加入20kg铝丸。温度合适后喂3.0m/t 纯钙线,喂线后氩气搅拌流量300NL/min,喂线后禁止升温,出站前弱搅拌30min。
3.浇铸时钢水过热度30℃,过程使用电磁搅拌,搅拌参数:频率2.7Hz,电流强度1120A,换向时间15S,铸坯表面修磨后粗糙度平均108μm。
4.铸坯进热轧加热炉,均热段温度1255℃,保温60min后热轧成厚度为4.0mm的卷板,退火酸洗;
5.冷轧轧制成1.0mm厚卷板,固溶温度1120℃,固溶后酸洗;
通过本发明生产的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧卷板产品,夹杂物水平D类细系0.5级如图8所示,晶粒度均匀7.5级,如图9所示,抗氧化速率明显优于牌号级别较高的441铁素体不锈钢,如表3所示,1000℃时抗氧化性优于国外同类产品,如图10所示。
实施例2
1.通过电炉+AOD+LF+连铸工艺生产出奥氏体耐热不锈钢连铸坯,连铸坯的成分如下:C 0.060、Si 1.85、Mn 1.21、P 0.028、S 0.001、Cr 19.50、Ni 12.38、N 0.050,此时Creq/Nieq=1.37。
2.其中LF炉入炉调温微调成分后加入渣面加入300kg铝粉,加入20kg铝丸。温度合适后喂3.0m/t 纯钙线,喂线后氩气搅拌流量300NL/min,喂线后禁止升温,出站前弱搅拌30min。
3.浇铸时钢水过热度35℃,过程使用电磁搅拌,搅拌参数:频率2.7Hz,电流强度1120A,换向时间15S,铸坯表面修磨后粗糙度平均100μm。
4.铸坯进热轧加热炉,均热段温度1255℃,保温60min后热轧成厚度为5.0mm的卷板,退火温度1130℃后酸洗;
5.冷轧轧制成1.5mm厚卷板,退火温度1120℃,后酸洗;
通过本发明生产的耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧卷板产品,夹杂物水平D类细系0.5级,晶粒度均匀7.0级,各个温度下高温强度与441不锈钢对比情况如表4所示。
以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明所保护范围的结构特征并不限于此,任何本领域的技术人员在本发明的领域内,所作的变化或修饰皆涵盖在本发明的专利范围内。
Claims (4)
1.汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,其特征在于:一种汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,成分要求:C:0.040~0.070、Si:1.50~2.00、Mn:0.80~1.20、P:≤0.030、S:≤0.003、Cr:19.20~20.00、Ni:12.10~12.50、N:0.03~0.06,其中:Creq/Nieq范围:1.3~1.5。
2.汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板的制造方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
步骤一:AOD+LF炉冶炼,精炼方法:LF炉精炼期间钢水温度控制区间为1500~1510℃,温度合适后加入0.1~0.3kg/t铝丸,1.5~3.0kg/t铝粒,喂Ca线3~4m/t,喂线后底吹氩气,300~500NL/min,吹气时间为5~8min;步骤二:连铸板坯生产:钢水过热度30±5℃,过程使用电磁搅拌,搅拌参数:频率2.7~3.0Hz,电流强度1120~1140A,换向时间15S,铸坯表面采用砂轮精细化修磨净表面氧化铁皮,修磨后表面粗糙度≤120μm;步骤三:修磨后的铸坯加热炉加热,均热段温度1250±10℃,均热段时间停留60~80min后轧制成厚度3~10mm的热板;
步骤四:热轧板退火温度1120~1140℃,退火后经110~140g/lHNO3和20~40g/lHF混合酸液酸洗成热轧白皮卷后轧制成冷板,要求轧制总变形率≥70%,冷板退火温度1110~1120℃,退火后经酸洗成汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板。
3.根据权利要求1所述的汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,其特征在于:Creq=%Cr+%Mo+1.5×%Si,Nieq=%Ni+30×(%C+%N)+0.5×%Mn。
4.根据权利要求1所述的汽车排气系统用耐高温奥氏体不锈钢冷轧板,其特征在于:酸洗的酸洗液为150~200g/lHNO3和15~30g/lHF混合酸液。
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