CN114907360A - 一种无金属铁电纳米晶mdabco-nh4i3的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种无金属铁电纳米晶mdabco-nh4i3的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种宽带隙无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO‑NH4I3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将NH4I(固体溶解在N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺和HI酸的混合溶液中,再向其中加入一定量的油酸和正辛胺;(2)将MDABCOI固体单独溶解在N,N‑二甲基甲酰胺中,再加入到上述前驱体溶液中,充分反应,加入乙酸乙酯,迅速产生白色固体;(3)用乙酸乙酯洗涤离心,40℃干燥,得到成品。本发明利用长链的油酸和正辛胺,在室温条件下有效控制NH4I与MDABCOI的反应过程,通过有效调节两者比例,制备出纯相结构的无金属钙钛矿纳米晶MDABCO‑NH4I3。这种方法具有反应时间短、设备简单、成本低等优点,是一种全新的制备宽带隙无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO‑NH4I3的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及压电材料领域,具体涉及一种光/压电催化剂无金属钙钛矿纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3的制备方法。
背景技术
传统能源的枯竭问题和环境问题日益严重。而压电材料可以将环境中的一次能源(如机械能)转换为二次能源(如化学能),为获取可再生能源提供了良好的范例。
卤化钙钛矿因其结构简单、光吸收强、载流子迁移率高等优点,已被广泛应用于太阳能电池、发光二极管等领域。卤化钙钛矿材料在催化领域的研究则刚刚起步。然而,传统的窄带隙钙钛矿材料由于阳离子的毒性仍然会引起环境问题,很难实现大规模的商用。无金属钙钛矿铁电材料是一类新型宽带隙的钙钛矿材料,显示出有吸引力的铁电和压电特性。由于其铁电/压电性,可以与常见的光催化进行联动,大大拓宽其在催化领域的应用。
无金属铁电钙钛矿单晶制备已有所报道,铁电单晶材料主要应用于非线性激光器等。本发明首次实现了纳米结构的无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3的制备,由于不含金属、常温制备以及纳米结构等特质,在光/压电催化等领域具有很好的应用前景。
据申请人所知,无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3的制备还没被报道过,是一种全新的合成方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是制备无金属钙钛矿铁电MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶,可以避免重金属毒性、成本昂贵等问题。
本发明的具体技术方案如下:
一种无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将10mL DMF和2.5mL氢碘酸加入到圆底三颈烧瓶中,再加入1mL磷酸防止碘离子氧化,溶解后,称取5mmol,0.72g NH4I固体,充分溶解后,将1mL油酸和0.5mL正辛胺加入到上述混合液中,搅拌2h;
(2)MDABCOI(典化N,N-二氨基-1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷)的制备:将2g,0.0178mol DABCO(1,4-二氮杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷)加入到三颈烧瓶中,加入到50mL正己烷中使其完全溶解,然后向溶液中缓慢加入1.11mL碘甲烷(0.0178mol),继续反应1.5h,反应完全后,将白色沉淀在离心速度为12000rpm条件下离心5min,用正己烷反复洗涤3-5次后,样品于40℃下烘干,密封保存以备后用;
(3)称取1.5mmol MDABCOI固体单独溶解在DMF中后,快速加入到(1)溶液中,继续搅拌5min;
(4)加入20mL乙酸乙酯,迅速形成白色乳浊液,收集沉淀于12000rpm高速离心机中离心,反复洗涤5-7次后,干燥备用。
NH4I和MDABCOI的摩尔比对于得到纯相结构的无金属钙钛矿铁电MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶至关重要,当两者摩尔比大于等于10∶2且小于等于10∶3时,能够得到有纯的钙钛矿相。而如果采用化学剂量比的1∶1,则得不到纯相结构的MDABCO-NH4I3。
步骤(3)中,所述MDABCOI加入前驱体后的反应时间为5min,较短的反应时间可以抑制单晶的成核,从而形成较小的纳米尺寸。
步骤(3)中,所述洗涤溶液为乙酸乙酯。
本发明在室温条件下有效控制NH4I与MDABCOI的反应过程,第一次制备出纳米量级纯相结构的无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3。这种方法具有反应时间短、操作简单等优点,是一种全新的制备无金属全有机铁电MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶的方法。
附图说明
图1无金属钙钛矿铁电材料MDABCO-NH4I3的化学结构;
图2为实施例1制备的MDABCO-NH4I3成品的XRD图谱;
图3为实施例1中所获得的成品的SEM图及元素分析能谱图;
图4为实施例1中所获得的成品的TEM图谱;
图5为实施例1中所获得的成品的紫外可见吸收谱;
图6为实施例1中所获得的成品的(a)热重曲线,(b)差热分析DSC图。
图7MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶压电催化降解苏丹红(III)吸收光谱
具体实施方式
实施例1
向100mL单颈烧瓶中加入10mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和2.5mL盐酸,称取5mmol NH4I固体,搅拌使之完全溶解,再向其中加入1mL油酸和0.5mL正辛胺,搅拌2h。然后称取1.5mmolMDABCOI固体单独溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中后逐滴加入到前驱体溶液中,继续搅拌5min,向其中加入20mL乙酸乙酯,迅速产生白色沉淀,将溶液在12000r/min高速离心机中洗涤离心5-7次,将洗涤离心后固体于40℃下干燥12小时,得到MDABCO-NH4I3成品。
实施例2
图1无金属钙钛矿铁电材料MDABCO-NH4I3的结构和化学结构。图2是各种比例的前驱体材料合成的纳米晶的XRD图。与报道的MDABCO-NH4I3单晶衍射峰对比,当前驱体NH4I与MDABCOI摩尔比大于10∶3时,衍射峰在20.1°、23.8°以及25.84°出现轻微的杂峰(图中星号代表杂相)。当前驱体摩尔比小于等于10∶3并大于等于10∶2时,晶型与单晶纯相一致。结果表明,制备出纯相的MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶。
实施例3
为了进一步表征其尺寸大小和形貌,我们对MDABCO-NH4I3样品进行了SEM、EDS和TEM的表征。图3为低倍率下MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶的SEM图像,可以明显看出纳米晶的形状和均匀性,表明制备的纳米晶几乎是单分散的。在中等放大率下该图像清楚地显示了尺寸在370-650nm之间的均匀纳米立方体。此外,从SEM图像中未观察到团聚或其他结构,表明成功制备了这一新型纳米尺寸的纯有机无金属卤化钙钛矿材料。SEM-EDS结果表明了纳米晶的表面形貌,证实了钙钛矿结构中存在C、N和I元素,N与I的元素比为1∶1。TEM图像(图4)进一步证实了MDABCO-NH4I3纳米立方体的形成。
实施例4
如图5,通过紫外可见吸收分别对上述实施例1制得的MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶溶液的光学吸收和发光特性进行了分析。根据公式(αhv)n=A(hv-Eg),其中α,h,v,Eg和A分别是吸光系数、普朗克常量、光子频率、半导体禁带宽度和常数,n值取决于半导体的带间跃迁类型,即直接带隙还是间接带隙。我们将MDABCO-NH4I3样品的吸收光谱曲线拟合成(αhv)2与hv之间的关系曲线(图4插图),发现MDABCO-NH4I3样品的带隙为5.63eV,是一种有别于常见窄带隙钙钛矿材料的宽带隙钙钛矿铁电材料。
实施例5
图6(a)为MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶重量随温度的变化曲线。分析表明热分解温度约为517.9K。由图6(b)的差热分析可知,升温曲线在431K附近的峰表明发生了铁电-顺电的相变,而在降温曲线中在372K附近的峰是因为发生了顺电-铁电的相变。这个相变温度高于绝大多数高温分子铁电体和典型的铁电体BaTiO3(393K),表明这个材料可以在室温到较高温度下(431K)保持铁电/压电性能,具有很好的应用前景。
实施例6
将MDABCO-NH4I3纳米晶分散至的苏丹红(III)溶液中。室温下在100W超声环境下开始压电催化过程。通过紫外分光光度计在特征波长处分析剩余苏丹红(III)浓度的变化。图7为纳米晶压电光催化降解苏丹红(III)的紫外吸收图,通过紫外吸收的下降表明纳米晶有明显的压电催化降解有机物效果。
本发明不限于上述实施方式,任何采用与本结构相同或相似的制备方法,均在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (5)
1.一种无金属钙钛矿铁电纳米晶MDABCO-NH4I3的制备方法,其特征在于包含如下步骤:
(1)将NH4I固体溶解在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和HI酸的混合溶液中,向其中加入一定量的油酸和正辛胺,搅拌反应使之完全溶解;
(2)通过DABCO与碘甲烷在正己烷中反应制备MDABCOI;
(3)将MDABCOI固体加入到上述前驱体溶液中,继续搅拌反应5分钟,加入乙酸乙酯,迅速产生白色固体;
(4)用乙酸乙酯洗涤,在12000r/min高速离心机中离心,干燥,得到成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和HI酸的混合溶液中两者体积比为4∶1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中,所述油酸和正辛胺的体积比为2∶1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(3)中,所述NH4I和MDABCOI的摩尔比为大于等于10∶2且小于等于10∶3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(4)中,所述洗涤溶液为乙酸乙酯。
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