CN114902945A - Automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system of farmland of low environmental impact - Google Patents
Automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system of farmland of low environmental impact Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 151
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloralodol Chemical compound CC(O)(C)CC(C)OC(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl QVFWZNCVPCJQOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003657 drainage water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013468 resource allocation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/16—Control of watering
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B11/00—Drainage of soil, e.g. for agricultural purposes
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B13/00—Irrigation ditches, i.e. gravity flow, open channel water distribution systems
- E02B13/02—Closures for irrigation conduits
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/152—Water filtration
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Abstract
The invention discloses a farmland automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental influence, which accords with the actual growth rule of crops and can effectively improve the irrigation efficiency by acquiring the video data of the growth situation of the crops and generating a corresponding irrigation scheme of the crops. The invention can dynamically adjust the irrigation and drainage scheme of the farmland according to the meteorological data and the water level data of the farmland, so that the irrigation and drainage scheme of the farmland is more in accordance with the actual growth environment and growth rule of crops, the growth of the crops is promoted, and the accurate irrigation and drainage of the crops is realized. According to the invention, the water quality monitoring subsystem and the channel quantity control integrated gate are arranged at the river inlet of the field channel, the farmland drainage is controlled not to be directly discharged into a river, the water quality of the farmland drainage is monitored by the water quality monitoring subsystem, when the water quality does not meet the requirement, the water quality is purified by ecological crops in the channel, and the channel quantity control integrated gate is opened to discharge into the river after the water quality meets the requirement, so that agricultural non-point source pollution is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farmland irrigation and drainage, and particularly relates to a design of a farmland automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental impact.
Background
Traditional farmland is irritated and is arranged technique and adopt channel and pipeline irrigation more, is advanced, control drainage gate drainage by managers at the scene through computer, cell-phone end control gate and motorised valve, and the management scope is too wide, the operation wastes time and energy, is planted crops through the experience by managers simultaneously, and the farmland irrigation still adopts the flood irrigation mode. In addition, excessive fertilizer use and unreasonable irrigation modes lead to low absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer and pesticide of crops, taking nitrogen and phosphorus as an example, the absorption rate of nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 30-50% of the fertilizing amount, the absorption rate of phosphate fertilizer accounts for 15-25% of the fertilizing amount, 70% of fertilizer and pesticide is directly discharged to rivers through drainage, so that the rivers generate non-point source pollution, the control of farmland fertilizer loss is very critical to the prevention and control of farmland non-point source pollution in China, and the low-environmental-influence automatic irrigation and drainage integrated system for reducing agricultural non-point source pollution discharge does not exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the farmland non-point source pollution cannot be effectively reduced in the conventional farmland irrigation and drainage mode, and provides a farmland automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental influence.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a farmland automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental impact comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a field water quantity control subsystem, a water quality monitoring subsystem and a channel drainage measurement and control subsystem which are sequentially in communication connection; the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data, field meteorological data and field water level data of a farmland; the field water quantity control subsystem is used for dynamically adjusting the water inflow and the water outflow of the farmland according to the field meteorological data and the field water level data; the water quality monitoring subsystem is used for automatically monitoring the water quality index of farmland drainage; the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem is used for dynamically controlling the drainage quantity of the field channel to the river according to the water quality index of farmland drainage.
Preferably, the data acquisition subsystem comprises a video monitoring module, a meteorological acquisition module and a field water layer precision tester; the video monitoring module is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data of a farmland and generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme; the weather acquisition module is used for acquiring field weather data of a farmland and automatically alarming when a weather disaster is detected; the field water layer precision measuring instruments are distributed and installed at opposite horizontal points in the farmland, and the field water level data of the farmland is acquired by adopting an ultrasonic non-contact high-precision measuring mode.
Preferably, the video monitoring module comprises a front-end camera and an expert diagnosis platform; the front-end camera is arranged at a position with a wide field range beside the ridge and is used for collecting crop growth situation video data of the farmland; and the expert diagnosis platform is used for generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme according to the crop growth situation video data.
Preferably, the weather collection module comprises a sensor device and an alarm; the sensor equipment is arranged at a position where the farmland terrain is wide, comprises an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor and a pressure sensor, and is used for collecting 6 meteorological observation elements of the temperature, the humidity, the wind direction, the wind speed, the rainfall and the air pressure of the farmland; the alarm is used for automatically sending out an alarm signal when a meteorological disaster is detected.
Preferably, the field water quantity control subsystem comprises a field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, a field head remote control water inlet electric valve and a field automatic drainage gate; the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module is used for sending an opening instruction to the remote control water inlet electric valve or the field automatic drainage gate at the head of the field according to the rain-storage thin dew irrigation model; the field head remote control water inlet electric valve is installed at a water inlet of a farmland, is internally provided with the LORA wireless control module and is in a normally closed state, and when an opening instruction sent by the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module is received, the field head remote control water inlet electric valve is opened to accurately control a field irrigation water layer; the field automatic drainage gate is installed at a field water outlet and is in a normally closed state, and after receiving an opening instruction sent by the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, the field automatic drainage gate is opened to ensure that the water level of a farmland is normal.
Preferably, the rain-storing thin dew irrigation model is specifically as follows: when the field water level data reaches the lower limit, sending an opening instruction to a field head remote control water inlet electric valve; when the field does not rain, if the field water level data reaches the upper irrigation limit, sending an opening instruction to the field automatic drainage gate; when the field rains, if the field water level data reaches the upper rain storage limit, an opening instruction is sent to the automatic field drainage gate.
Preferably, the lower limit of field water level data in the green turning period is 5mm, the upper limit of irrigation is 30mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 50 mm; the lower limit of the field water level data in the early stage of tillering is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 80 mm; the lower limit of field water level data in the later tillering stage is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 0; the lower limit of field water level data in the jointing-pulling and booting period is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 30mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 140 mm; the lower limit of the field water level data in the heading and flowering period is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 30mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 120 mm; the lower limit of the field water level data in the milk stage is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 80 mm.
Preferably, the water quality monitoring subsystem comprises a water quality measuring module, a data transmission module and auxiliary installation equipment; the water quality measuring module is used for automatically monitoring 5 water quality indexes of chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen of farmland drainage; the data transmission module is used for wirelessly and remotely transmitting the water quality index to the client of the upper computer in a GPRS (general packet radio service), RTU (remote terminal unit) or CDMA (code division multiple access) mode; the auxiliary installation equipment is an outdoor standing-free upright rod and is used for installing the water quality measurement module and the data transmission module at the river mouth of the field channel.
Preferably, the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem comprises a channel quantity control integrated gate which is installed at a river inlet of a field channel, when rainfall is greater than a preset rainfall threshold value and the water quality index of field drainage meets the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is opened to discharge channel drainage into a river, when the water quality index of field drainage does not meet the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed to reduce river non-point source pollution, and when the water level of the river is higher than a preset water level threshold value, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed to prevent river water from pouring into the field.
Preferably, the data acquisition subsystem, the field water quantity control subsystem, the water quality monitoring subsystem and the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem are powered by solar cells.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the method, the crop growth situation video data are collected firstly, and the corresponding crop irrigation scheme is generated according to the crop growth situation video data, so that the actual growth rule of crops is met, and the irrigation efficiency can be effectively improved.
(2) The invention adopts the rain storage thin dew irrigation model, and can dynamically adjust the irrigation and drainage scheme of the farmland according to the meteorological data and water level data of the farmland, so that the irrigation and drainage scheme of the farmland is more in accordance with the actual growth environment and growth rule of crops, the growth of the crops is promoted, and the accurate irrigation and drainage of the crops are realized.
(3) According to the invention, the water quality monitoring subsystem and the channel quantity control integrated gate are arranged at the river inlet of the field channel, the farmland drainage is controlled not to be directly discharged into a river, the water quality of the farmland drainage is monitored by the water quality monitoring subsystem, when the water quality does not meet the requirement, the water quality is purified by ecological crops in the channel, and the channel quantity control integrated gate is opened to discharge into the river after the water quality meets the requirement, so that agricultural non-point source pollution is effectively reduced.
(4) According to the invention, through collecting meteorological data and water level data in the field, the field water quantity can be automatically fed back and controlled, excessive human intervention is not needed, and the irrigation and drainage efficiency of the farmland is effectively improved.
(5) All the equipment in the invention adopts solar cells to supply power, and the solar energy water heater is clean, environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a farmland automatic precise irrigation and drainage system with low environmental impact according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments shown and described in the drawings are merely exemplary and are intended to illustrate the principles and spirit of the invention, rather than to limit the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a farmland automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental influence, which comprises a data acquisition subsystem, a field water quantity control subsystem, a water quality monitoring subsystem and a channel drainage measurement and control subsystem which are sequentially in communication connection as shown in figure 1.
The data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data, field meteorological data and field water level data of a farmland; the field water quantity control subsystem is used for dynamically adjusting the water inflow and the water outflow of the farmland according to the field meteorological data and the field water level data; the water quality monitoring subsystem is used for automatically monitoring the water quality index of farmland drainage; the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem is used for dynamically controlling the drainage quantity of the field channel to the river according to the water quality index of farmland drainage.
As shown in fig. 1, the data acquisition subsystem includes a video monitoring module, a weather acquisition module and a field water layer precision measuring instrument.
The video monitoring module is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data of a farmland and generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme; the weather acquisition module is used for acquiring field weather data of a farmland and automatically alarming when a weather disaster is detected; the field water layer precision measuring instruments are distributed and installed at opposite horizontal points in the farmland, and the field water level data of the farmland is acquired by adopting an ultrasonic non-contact high-precision measuring mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the video monitoring module comprises a front-end camera and an expert diagnosis platform. The front-end camera is arranged at a position with a wide field range beside the ridge and is used for collecting crop growth situation video data of the farmland; and the expert diagnosis platform is used for generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme according to the crop growth situation video data. The video monitoring module equipment supports various sensor interfaces, simultaneously supports audio and video functions, is a set of wireless video monitoring system which is specially applied for agricultural production process monitoring and disaster prevention, can effectively provide first-hand crop growth situation data for users, and guides the generation of an irrigation scheme which is more suitable for the actual growth environment and growth rule of crops.
In the embodiment of the invention, the weather acquisition module comprises sensor equipment and an alarm. The sensor device supports MODBUS communication, opens a communication protocol, provides communication protocol regulations and opens OPC codes, the main module conforms to the DZZ4 type observation station or higher standard of the national weather service bureau, is installed at a wide farmland position and comprises an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor and a gas pressure sensor, and the sensor device is used for collecting 6 weather observation elements of air temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, rainfall and gas pressure of the farmland. The alarm is used for automatically sending out an alarm signal when meteorological disasters such as strong wind, rainstorm, high temperature, heat damage, ice and snow, frost, cold open wind and the like are detected. The meteorological collection module provides a refined analysis basis of the space of the conventional meteorological elements by constructing a modern, normalized and standardized observation network of the conventional meteorological elements of the natural farmland, can timely perform temporary intervention on the field water quantity control subsystem, reduces the influence of natural disasters on crops, and ensures the growth of the crops.
In the embodiment of the invention, the field water layer precision measuring instruments are distributed and installed at relative horizontal points in the farmland, the field water level data of the farmland is collected by adopting an ultrasonic non-contact high-precision (mm level) measuring mode, and the wireless communication intelligent execution system is assembled. The agricultural grower adopts the portable mobile central server to send out an instruction, the field wireless communication execution terminal controls the field water layer precision measuring instrument to execute precise measurement, and feeds back measurement data to the upper computer, and the upper computer controls the operation of the field water quantity control subsystem according to the received data.
As shown in fig. 1, the field water amount control subsystem comprises a field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, a field head remote control water inlet electric valve and a field automatic drainage gate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module is used for sending an opening instruction to the field head remote control water inlet electric valve or the field automatic drainage gate according to the rain-storage thin dew irrigation model. The rain-storing thin dew irrigation model specifically comprises the following steps: when the field water level data reaches the lower limit, sending an opening instruction to a field head remote control water inlet electric valve; when the field does not rain, if the field water level data reaches the upper irrigation limit, sending an opening instruction to the field automatic drainage gate; when the field rains, if the field water level data reaches the upper rain storage limit, an opening instruction is sent to the automatic field drainage gate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lower limit, the upper irrigation limit and the upper rain storage limit of field water level data at each stage of crops (rice) are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Rice irrigation drainage control rule (unit: mm)
In the embodiment of the invention, the electric remote control water inlet valve at the top of the farmland is installed at a water inlet of the farmland, the LORA wireless control module is arranged in the electric remote control water inlet valve, the electric remote control water inlet valve is in a normally closed state, remote control and local emergency control are supported, software is designed by Java, the automation, the intellectualization and the informatization of the farmland water-saving irrigation are realized, and the water resource allocation is optimized. After receiving the opening instruction that field irrigation and drainage scheduling module sent, the first remote control in field electric valve that intakes opens, and accurate control farmland irrigation water layer realizes unmanned value of patrolling in field, irrigation management control by oneself.
In the embodiment of the invention, the field automatic drainage gate is arranged at the field drainage outlet and is in a normally closed state, and after receiving the opening instruction sent by the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, the field automatic drainage gate is opened to ensure that the water level of the field is normal. The automatic field drainage gate can automatically complete irrigation and drainage work, and the purposes of automatic drainage and unattended operation are achieved.
As shown in fig. 1, the water quality monitoring subsystem comprises a water quality measuring module, a data transmission module and an auxiliary installation device.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water quality measuring module is used for automatically monitoring 5 water quality indexes of chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen of farmland drainage, evaluating the farmland drainage water quality, guiding farmland fertilizers and providing a control basis for a channel drainage measurement and control subsystem to drain farmland drainage into a river.
In the embodiment of the invention, the data transmission module is used for wirelessly and remotely transmitting the water quality index to the client of the upper computer in a GPRS (general packet radio service), RTU (remote terminal unit) or CDMA (code division multiple access) mode without building a specific automatic water quality monitoring station house.
In the embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary mounting equipment is an outdoor standing-free upright rod and is used for mounting the water quality measuring module and the data transmission module at the river mouth of the field channel.
As shown in fig. 1, the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem comprises a channel quantity control integrated gate, the channel quantity control integrated gate is installed at a river inlet of a field channel, when rainfall is greater than a preset rainfall threshold value and the water quality index of farmland drainage meets the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is opened, channel drainage is discharged into a river, when the water quality index of farmland drainage does not meet the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed, river surface source pollution is reduced, and when the water level of the river is higher than the preset water level threshold value, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed, and river water is prevented from being poured into the field. The channel drainage measurement and control subsystem integrates the functions of wireless communication remote control water level measurement, flow measurement, accurate flow control and the like, and solves the problem of farmland drainage terminal control.
In the embodiment of the invention, the data acquisition subsystem, the field water quantity control subsystem, the water quality monitoring subsystem and the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem are powered by solar cells, so that the system is clean, environment-friendly, energy-saving and efficient.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A farmland automation accurate irrigation and drainage system with low environmental impact is characterized by comprising a data acquisition subsystem, a field water quantity control subsystem, a water quality monitoring subsystem and a channel drainage measurement and control subsystem which are sequentially in communication connection;
the data acquisition subsystem is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data, field meteorological data and field water level data of a farmland;
the field water amount control subsystem is used for dynamically adjusting the water inflow and the water outflow of a farmland according to field meteorological data and field water level data;
the water quality monitoring subsystem is used for automatically monitoring the water quality index of farmland drainage;
the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem is used for dynamically controlling the drainage quantity of the field channel to the river according to the water quality index of farmland drainage.
2. The automated farmland accurate irrigation and drainage system according to claim 1, wherein the data acquisition subsystem comprises a video monitoring module, a weather acquisition module and a field water layer precision tester;
the video monitoring module is used for acquiring crop growth situation video data of a farmland and generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme;
the weather acquisition module is used for acquiring field weather data of a farmland and automatically alarming when a weather disaster is detected;
the field water layer precision measuring instruments are distributed and installed at opposite horizontal points in the farmland, and the field water level data of the farmland is collected by adopting an ultrasonic non-contact high-precision measuring mode.
3. The automated agricultural field precision irrigation and drainage system of claim 2, wherein the video monitoring module comprises a front-end camera and an expert diagnostic platform;
the front-end camera is arranged at a position with a wide field range beside the ridge and is used for collecting crop growth situation video data of the farmland;
and the expert diagnosis platform is used for generating a corresponding crop irrigation scheme according to the crop growth situation video data.
4. The field automation precision irrigation and drainage system of claim 2 wherein the weather collection module includes a sensor device and an alarm;
the sensor equipment is arranged at a position where the farmland terrain is wide, comprises an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor and a pressure sensor, and is used for collecting 6 meteorological observation elements of air temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, rainfall and air pressure of the farmland;
the alarm is used for automatically sending out an alarm signal when a meteorological disaster is detected.
5. The automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system for farmland according to claim 1, wherein the field water control subsystem comprises a field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, a remote control water inlet electric valve at the head of the farmland and a field automatic drainage gate;
the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module is used for sending an opening instruction to a remote control water inlet electric valve or a field automatic drainage gate at the head of a field according to the rain-storage thin dew irrigation model;
the field head remote control water inlet electric valve is installed at a water inlet of a farmland, is internally provided with an LORA wireless control module and is in a normally closed state, and when an opening instruction sent by the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module is received, the field head remote control water inlet electric valve is opened to accurately control a farmland irrigation water layer;
the field automatic drainage gate is installed at a field drainage outlet and is in a normally closed state, and after receiving an opening instruction sent by the field irrigation and drainage scheduling module, the field automatic drainage gate is opened to ensure that the water level of a field is normal.
6. The automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system for farmland according to claim 5, wherein the rain-storing thin dew irrigation model is specifically: when the field water level data reaches the lower limit, sending an opening instruction to a field head remote control water inlet electric valve; when the field does not rain, if the field water level data reaches the upper irrigation limit, sending an opening instruction to the field automatic drainage gate; when the field rains, if the field water level data reaches the upper rain storage limit, an opening instruction is sent to the automatic field drainage gate.
7. The automatic farmland accurate irrigation and drainage system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the field water level data has a lower limit of 5mm, an upper limit of irrigation of 30mm and an upper limit of rain storage of 50mm during the green turning period;
the lower limit of the field water level data in the early stage of tillering is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 80 mm;
the lower limit of the field water level data in the later tillering stage is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 0;
the lower limit of the field water level data in the jointing stage and booting stage is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 30mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 140 mm;
the lower limit of the field water level data in the heading and flowering period is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 30mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 120 mm;
the lower limit of the field water level data in the milk stage is 0, the upper limit of irrigation is 20mm, and the upper limit of rain storage is 80 mm.
8. The automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system in farmland according to claim 1, characterized in that the water quality monitoring subsystem comprises a water quality measuring module, a data transmission module and an auxiliary installation device;
the water quality measuring module is used for automatically monitoring 5 water quality indexes of chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen of farmland drainage;
the data transmission module is used for wirelessly and remotely transmitting the water quality index to the client of the upper computer in a GPRS (general packet radio service), RTU (remote terminal unit) or CDMA (code division multiple access) mode;
the auxiliary installation equipment is an outdoor standing-free upright rod and is used for installing the water quality measurement module and the data transmission module at a river mouth of a field channel.
9. The automatic accurate irrigation and drainage system of farmland of claim 1, characterized in that the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem comprises a channel quantity control integrated gate, and is installed at the river mouth of a channel in the farmland, when the rainfall is greater than a preset rainfall threshold and the water quality index of the farmland drainage meets the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is opened to discharge the channel water into the river, when the water quality index of the farmland drainage does not meet the discharge requirement, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed to reduce river non-point source pollution, and when the river level is higher than a preset water level threshold, the channel quantity control integrated gate is closed to prevent the river water from pouring into the farmland.
10. The automatic and accurate irrigation and drainage system for the farmland according to any one of the claims 1 to 9, wherein the data acquisition subsystem, the field water quantity control subsystem, the water quality monitoring subsystem and the channel drainage measurement and control subsystem are all powered by solar cells.
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