CN203302092U - Accurate irrigation data acquisition and control system and accurate irrigation system - Google Patents
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- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统和精准灌溉系统，包括监控单元，监控单元通讯连接至少一个田间控制单元，每个田间控制单元均包括多通道数据采集控制模块、传输模块、土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器、流量计和电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块采样连接土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器和流量计，控制连接电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块通过传输模块连接监控单元，环境类传感器包括用于蒸发量检测的光照传感器、温度传感器、风速传感器、空气湿度传感器、大气压传感器，用于作物生长环境监测的CO2传感器。通过对田间多种因素的综合判断，实现了对灌溉的精确控制，为作物的生长提供更适宜的灌溉量。
The utility model relates to a precision irrigation data acquisition and control system and a precision irrigation system, comprising a monitoring unit, which is connected to at least one field control unit through communication, and each field control unit includes a multi-channel data acquisition control module, a transmission module, a soil Moisture sensor, environmental sensor, flow meter and solenoid valve, the multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to the soil moisture sensor, environmental sensor and flow meter for sampling, and the control is connected to the solenoid valve. The multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to the monitoring unit through the transmission module, Environmental sensors include light sensors for evaporation detection, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, air humidity sensors, atmospheric pressure sensors, and CO2 sensors for crop growth environment monitoring. Through the comprehensive judgment of various factors in the field, the precise control of irrigation is realized, and a more suitable irrigation amount is provided for the growth of crops.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统和精准灌溉系统。The utility model relates to a precision irrigation data collection and control system and a precision irrigation system.
背景技术Background technique
精准灌溉技术兴起于20世纪80年代后期，是伴随着一些发达国家精准农业技术的开发而发展起来的。随着现代化灌水技术的发展和3S技术在农业领域的广泛应用，作物精准灌溉控制技术广泛用于生产实践成为可能。Precision irrigation technology emerged in the late 1980s and developed along with the development of precision agriculture technology in some developed countries. With the development of modern irrigation technology and the wide application of 3S technology in the agricultural field, it is possible for crop precision irrigation control technology to be widely used in production practice.
目前，精准灌溉的研究还处于起步阶段和精量灌溉的试验研究，但这些研究大部分限于GIS、GPS、RS、MIS等单项技术应用，而且多用于农业生产的宏观管理，并未深入到田间和作物，还不是实现真正意义上的精准灌溉（精量控制灌溉）。截止目前，我国研制的节水灌溉自动化控制系统基本上都属于单一指标实时控制类：预先确定土壤含水量的允许变幅，或者预先确定土壤含水量、温度、湿度等少数几个参数的允许变幅和优先控制等级，无法对各种参数条件进行综合分析，程序设定也多是依赖于管理人员的经验，对各个参数之间相互影响的考虑较少，无法自动对作物、土壤、气象复合系统做出综合性的分析与判断，难以做到真正意义的“实施定位管理，按需变量投入”。控制设备的智能化程度还较低，实际应用效果也不理想。At present, research on precision irrigation is still in its infancy and experimental research on precision irrigation, but most of these studies are limited to the application of individual technologies such as GIS, GPS, RS, and MIS, and are mostly used for macro-management of agricultural production, and have not penetrated into the field. And crops, it is not yet the realization of precision irrigation (precision control irrigation) in the true sense. So far, the water-saving irrigation automation control systems developed in my country basically belong to the single-index real-time control category: the allowable variation range of soil moisture content is pre-determined, or the allowable variation range of a few parameters such as soil moisture content, temperature, and humidity is pre-determined. range and priority control levels, it is impossible to comprehensively analyze various parameter conditions, and the program setting mostly depends on the experience of managers, with little consideration for the mutual influence between various parameters, and it is impossible to automatically combine crops, soil, and weather. The system makes a comprehensive analysis and judgment, and it is difficult to achieve the true meaning of "implementing positioning management and investing in variables as needed". The degree of intelligence of the control equipment is still low, and the actual application effect is not ideal.
因此，由于传统的“节水灌溉”并非是完全科学的提法，它只有“量”的模糊概念，而没有“度”的准确规范，不能表达科学灌溉的真正内涵，而精准灌溉才是一项把真正提高水资源有效利用率为主要目的的灌溉技术，它是依据对作物需水和土壤水分的监测，进行精量控制灌溉，不仅可以达到节水的目标，同时也是在保证作物生育需求下，通过土壤水分的精确调控，提高农产品产量和品质的一个重要手段。再者，现代农业的施肥、施药等活动越来越多地与灌溉相结合。所以，精准灌溉还是提高肥效和药效、减少环境污染的一个重要措施。近年来在国内外，精准灌溉日益引起人们的关注，开展精准灌溉已成为高效农业的主要研究重点和热点。Therefore, because the traditional "water-saving irrigation" is not a completely scientific term, it only has a vague concept of "quantity" without an accurate specification of "degree", and cannot express the true connotation of scientific irrigation, while precision irrigation is a It is an irrigation technology that really improves the effective utilization of water resources. It is based on the monitoring of crop water demand and soil moisture, and performs precise control of irrigation. It can not only achieve the goal of water saving, but also ensure the growth of crops. It is an important means to improve the yield and quality of agricultural products through the precise regulation of soil moisture. Furthermore, activities such as fertilization and pesticide application in modern agriculture are increasingly combined with irrigation. Therefore, precision irrigation is still an important measure to improve fertilizer and drug efficacy and reduce environmental pollution. In recent years, precision irrigation has attracted people's attention increasingly at home and abroad, and precision irrigation has become the main research focus and hotspot of efficient agriculture.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的是提供一种精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统和精准灌溉系统，用以解决现有精准灌溉系统传感器类型较少，无法实现对灌溉量精确控制的问题。The purpose of the utility model is to provide a precision irrigation data acquisition and control system and a precision irrigation system to solve the problem that the existing precision irrigation system has fewer types of sensors and cannot realize precise control of irrigation volume.
为实现上述目的，本实用新型的方案包括：In order to achieve the above object, the scheme of the present utility model includes:
一种精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统，包括监控单元，监控单元通讯连接至少一个田间控制单元，每个田间控制单元均包括多通道数据采集控制模块、传输模块、土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器、流量计和电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块采样连接土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器和流量计，控制连接电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块通过传输模块连接监控单元，环境类传感器包括用于蒸发量检测的光照传感器、温度传感器、风速传感器、空气湿度传感器、大气压传感器，用于作物生长环境监测的CO2传感器。A precision irrigation data acquisition and control system, including a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit is connected to at least one field control unit in communication, and each field control unit includes a multi-channel data acquisition control module, a transmission module, a soil moisture sensor, an environmental sensor, a flow rate meter and solenoid valve, the multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to the soil moisture sensor, environmental sensor and flow meter for sampling, and the control is connected to the solenoid valve. The multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to the monitoring unit through the transmission module. The environmental sensor includes evaporation Light sensor, temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, air humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor for detection, CO2 sensor for crop growth environment monitoring.
一种采用精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统的精准灌溉系统，将电磁阀安装于精准灌溉系统的灌溉管路。A precision irrigation system using a precision irrigation data acquisition and control system, in which a solenoid valve is installed in the irrigation pipeline of the precision irrigation system.
精准灌溉系统的灌溉管路为滴灌或微喷灌管路。The irrigation pipeline of the precision irrigation system is a drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation pipeline.
环境类传感器监测影响田间水分蒸发的各个关键因素，以及影响作物生长环境的CO2，监控单元依据上述因素，根据需要来综合判断作物生长最适宜的土壤含水量范围，根据范围的上/下限作为电磁阀打开/关闭的条件，并通过流量计精确计量，实现灌溉过程的精量控制，为作物提供最适合的灌溉量。Environmental sensors monitor key factors that affect field water evaporation, as well as CO 2 that affects the crop growth environment. The monitoring unit comprehensively judges the most suitable soil moisture range for crop growth based on the above factors, and uses the upper/lower limits of the range as The condition of opening/closing of the solenoid valve is accurately measured by the flow meter to realize the precise control of the irrigation process and provide the most suitable irrigation amount for the crops.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型的系统结构图。Fig. 1 is a system structure diagram of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本实用新型做进一步详细的说明。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
本实施例是一种精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统，包括监控单元，监控单元通讯连接至少一个田间控制单元，每个田间控制单元均包括多通道数据采集控制模块、传输模块、土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器、流量计和电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块采样连接土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器和流量计，控制连接电磁阀，多通道数据采集控制模块通过传输模块连接监控单元，环境类传感器包括用于蒸发量检测的光照传感器、温度传感器、风速传感器、空气湿度传感器、大气压传感器，用于作物生长环境监测的CO2传感器。This embodiment is a precision irrigation data acquisition and control system, including a monitoring unit, the monitoring unit is connected to at least one field control unit, each field control unit includes a multi-channel data acquisition control module, a transmission module, a soil moisture sensor, an environmental The multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to soil moisture sensors, environmental sensors and flow meters for sampling, and the control is connected to solenoid valves. The multi-channel data acquisition control module is connected to the monitoring unit through the transmission module. The environmental sensors include Light sensor, temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, air humidity sensor, atmospheric pressure sensor for evaporation detection, CO2 sensor for crop growth environment monitoring.
一种采用该精准灌溉数据采集与控制系统的精准灌溉系统，将电磁阀安装于精准灌溉系统的灌溉管路，通过电磁阀控制管路的通断以此控制灌溉量，灌溉管路采用滴灌或微喷灌管路。A precision irrigation system adopting the precision irrigation data acquisition and control system. The solenoid valve is installed in the irrigation pipeline of the precision irrigation system, and the irrigation volume is controlled by controlling the on-off of the pipeline through the solenoid valve. The irrigation pipeline adopts drip irrigation or Micro-sprinkler piping.
如图1所示，本实用新型的系统结构包括监控单元，监控单元设有计算机，通过通讯网络与位于田间的控制单元相连，田间控制单元设有多通道数据采集控制模块，该数据采集模块经过传输模块与监控单元进行通讯，多通道数据采集控制模块还采样连接土壤水分传感器、环境类传感器、流量计，控制连接至电磁阀；监控单元的计算机可接入互联网。计算机与田间控制单元连接的通讯网络可以采用多种通讯方式，包括有线通讯、ZIGBEE局域无线通讯或GPRS广域无线通讯，在监控中心与位于田间的传输模块距离较近的情况下可通过有线传输；在监控中心与田间控制部分距离不是太远的情况下（十公里以内），可采用ZIGBEE局域无线通讯，ZIGBEE模块可自组网，扩展也较容易；在监控中心与田间控制部分距离较远的情况下，选用GPRS无线通讯网络。As shown in Figure 1, the system structure of the present utility model comprises monitoring unit, and monitoring unit is provided with computer, is connected with the control unit that is positioned at field through communication network, and field control unit is provided with multi-channel data acquisition control module, and this data acquisition module passes through The transmission module communicates with the monitoring unit, and the multi-channel data acquisition control module is also connected to soil moisture sensors, environmental sensors, and flow meters for sampling, and the control is connected to the solenoid valve; the computer of the monitoring unit can be connected to the Internet. The communication network connecting the computer and the field control unit can adopt various communication methods, including wired communication, ZIGBEE local area wireless communication or GPRS wide area wireless communication. When the distance between the monitoring center and the transmission module in the field is relatively close, it can be connected via wired communication. Transmission; when the distance between the monitoring center and the field control part is not too far (within ten kilometers), ZIGBEE local area wireless communication can be used, and the ZIGBEE module can self-organize the network, and the expansion is relatively easy; In the case of far distance, choose GPRS wireless communication network.
环境类传感器的类型包括光照传感器、温度传感器、CO2传感器、风速传感器、空气湿度传感器、大气压传感器。其中光照传感器、温度传感器、风速传感器、空气湿度传感器、大气压传感器采集的参数是能够直接影响田间水分的蒸发，而CO2传感器的作用为检测CO2浓度，因为CO2浓度影响植物的生长过程间接影响植物对水分的吸收。具体工作流程为多通道数据采集控制模块采集传感器参数传送给位于监控中心的计算机进行综合分析判断，而后计算机根据判断的最适宜的土壤含水范围上下限下发指令控制电磁阀开\闭并通过流量计精确控制灌溉量。计算机还提供人机交互界面，通过通讯网络将田间土壤水分信息、田间控制部分、电磁阀的实时状态信息呈现给用户，为用户的决策提供数据支撑，通过计算机的人机交互界面，用户可手动下达控制指令，执行控制操作。计算机通过互联网网络将数据共享或发给更高一级的管理者。传输模块的本质是通讯接口模块，当选用GPRS网络作为数据传输的通道，则传输模块需要选择GPRS无线通讯模块。Types of environmental sensors include light sensors, temperature sensors, CO2 sensors, wind speed sensors, air humidity sensors, and atmospheric pressure sensors. Among them, the parameters collected by the light sensor, temperature sensor, wind speed sensor, air humidity sensor, and atmospheric pressure sensor can directly affect the evaporation of field water, and the function of the CO 2 sensor is to detect the CO 2 concentration, because the CO 2 concentration affects the growth process of plants indirectly. Affects water uptake by plants. The specific workflow is that the multi-channel data acquisition control module collects sensor parameters and transmits them to the computer located in the monitoring center for comprehensive analysis and judgment, and then the computer issues instructions to control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve and pass the flow rate according to the upper and lower limits of the most suitable soil moisture range judged. Accurately control the amount of irrigation. The computer also provides a human-computer interaction interface, which presents the field soil moisture information, field control part, and solenoid valve real-time status information to the user through the communication network, providing data support for the user's decision-making. Through the human-computer interaction interface of the computer, the user can manually Issue control instructions and execute control operations. Computers share or send data to higher-level managers through the Internet network. The essence of the transmission module is the communication interface module. When the GPRS network is selected as the data transmission channel, the transmission module needs to select the GPRS wireless communication module.
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| CN103823371A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-05-28 | 无锡中科智能农业发展有限责任公司 | Neural network model-based agricultural precise fertilization system and fertilization method thereof |
| CN105145288A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州达力客自动化科技有限公司 | Intelligent irrigation system |
| CN105424340A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-23 | 北京林业大学 | Rapid field determinator for wafting evaporation losses for sprinkling irrigation |
| CN106718694A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-31 | 华北水利水电大学 | Farmland irrigation method |
| CN107182717A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-09-22 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of micro- profit irrigates liquid manure integrated control system |
| CN107357322A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-17 | 金杲易光电科技(深圳)有限公司 | The CO of one plant growth2Concentration control system and method |
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| CN103823371A (en) * | 2014-02-12 | 2014-05-28 | 无锡中科智能农业发展有限责任公司 | Neural network model-based agricultural precise fertilization system and fertilization method thereof |
| CN105145288A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-12-16 | 苏州达力客自动化科技有限公司 | Intelligent irrigation system |
| CN105424340A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-03-23 | 北京林业大学 | Rapid field determinator for wafting evaporation losses for sprinkling irrigation |
| CN105424340B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-01-05 | 北京林业大学 | Evaporation loss field Quick testing instrument is flown away in one kind sprinkling irrigation |
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