CN114899565A - Broadband high-power positive slope equalizer - Google Patents
Broadband high-power positive slope equalizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114899565A CN114899565A CN202210584999.3A CN202210584999A CN114899565A CN 114899565 A CN114899565 A CN 114899565A CN 202210584999 A CN202210584999 A CN 202210584999A CN 114899565 A CN114899565 A CN 114899565A
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- equalizer
- branch
- positive slope
- resistance
- high power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/22—Attenuating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband high-power positive slope equalizer, which comprises a main transmission line, four branch structures and a plurality of thin film resistors, wherein the main transmission line adopts a straight-through microstrip line structure, is easy to fix and has low insertion loss, each branch structure consists of a plurality of branch lines, the electromagnetic response of the branch structure is represented by an equivalent circuit, and Z is set 0 Is the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, and ω is the operating angular frequency, the system function is
The resistance and the length of the branch line are adjusted to enable the transmission curve to present a positive slope, a parameter distribution structure is adopted, and the resistance is grounded, so that the heat dissipation is facilitated, and the high power can be borne; the balance slope is accurate, and the floating range is small; the bandwidth spans an X wave band and a Ku wave band, and the working bandwidth is wide; the structure is simple, the production cost is low, and the maintenance is convenient; realized by microstrip circuit distribution parameters and film resistance,the method has no influence of lumped element parasitic parameters, and is easy to accurately simulate and optimize.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave device design, and particularly relates to an equalizer design technology.
Background
An equalizer is used for a transmission channel in a wireless communication system, correcting amplitude frequency characteristics and phase frequency characteristics. In a radar system, the signal distortion can be greatly improved when the signal is positioned at a transmitting end or a receiving end.
In broadband microwave systems, the signal attenuation tends to increase with increasing frequency, forming a negative slope curve. The transmission characteristic of a positive slope equalizer is a positive slope line, and one such device is superimposed to flatten the final output.
Some passive devices in microwave band, such as filters, couplers, isolators, power dividers, etc., have relatively perfect comprehensive theoretical research and calculation methods. The equalizer is difficult to design easily by using general theory and calculation method aiming at different products and different working environments. Considering the uniqueness and complexity of the equalizer product, an optimized physical structure needs to be built to realize and make up for the theoretical deficiency.
For example, after microwave signals pass through a plurality of multi-stage power amplification devices, the amplitude changes randomly at certain frequency points, which causes signal distortion, and a high-power equalizer needs to be additionally installed to improve the amplitude-frequency characteristic, so that the output signals reach the flatness required by the technology. Generally speaking, the equalizer is required to have a wide amplitude adjustment range to ensure better flatness of an output signal, a small voltage standing wave ratio to reduce interference to a system, and a small size in some special environments. In addition, some microwave and millimeter wave power modules have different degrees of phase unevenness, and an equalizer is needed to improve the phase-frequency characteristic.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN103885177B discloses a dynamic gain slope equalizer for an optical fiber amplifier and a manufacturing process thereof. The equalizer comprises an MEMS optical micro-mirror driver chip and a double-optical-fiber collimator which are packaged by optics, and is manufactured by adopting an MEMS process. The structure has large actual manufacturing difficulty and small adjustable range.
Chinese patent publication No. CN106713810A discloses a slope and level detection and automatic compensation circuit and a control method thereof, which includes a coupler, a mixer, a phase-locked loop, a sound table filter, a baseband filter and a radio frequency detector. Through the components, the controller can automatically detect the level and the slope of the radio-frequency signal, and according to the detected level and the slope, the controller can automatically compensate and adjust the radio-frequency signal by adjusting the electric control attenuator and the electric control slope equalizer. The equalizer of the structure is an active equalizer, and the complexity is far higher than that of a passive microstrip structure equalizer.
The adjustable range of the equalizer is increased, the working stability of the equalizer is improved, the equalizer is suitable for the adjustment requirement of a complex equalization curve and the working frequency band width, the insertion loss is low, the production cost is low, and the constant pursuit in the field of equalizer design is provided. In the X wave band or Ku wave band, the equalizer made of the microstrip structure has a good return loss slope, and no design is found.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a broadband high-power positive slope equalizer, and in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
The equalizer comprises a main transmission line, four branch structures and a plurality of thin film resistors, wherein the main transmission line adopts a straight-through microstrip line structure, is easy to fix and has low insertion loss, each branch structure consists of a plurality of branch lines, the electromagnetic response of the branch structure is represented by an equivalent circuit, and Z is arranged 0 Is the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line, and ω is the operating angular frequency, the system function is
The resistance and length of the branch line are adjusted so that the transmission curve exhibits a positive slope.
The film resistor is equivalent to a two-dimensional conductor, and the current direction is along the film plane instead of vertical corresponding to the resistance concept of a three-dimensional conductor if the resistance of the three-dimensional conductor is
Where ρ represents resistivity, L represents length, A represents cross-sectional area, width of cross-section is W, and thickness is t represents film, the resistance is equivalent to
Where Rs is the sheet resistance value.
Sheet resistance multiplied by a dimensionless quantity in ohms/square represents the resistance of one square area flowing to another square area, and the sheet resistance value is measured in ohms/square using a four point probe measurement regardless of the size of the square area.
The equalizer is equivalent to a microstrip resonator formed by loading a plurality of branch lines on a terminal, the resistor R is adjusted to change the loaded Q value of the resonator, and the length L is adjusted to change the equivalent capacitance and inductance to change the resonant frequency f.
The basic resonance frequency is related to the length
Wherein n is a non-zero natural positive integer, and λ P is the wavelength of the microstrip line quasi-TEM wave.
When the length L is unchanged and the resonant frequency is unchanged, the resistor R is changed to adjust the loaded Q value of the resonator so as to change the attenuation depth, and when the resistance value is equal to the characteristic impedance of the resonator, the load is the heaviest and the loss is the largest. ' Qiyi
The lengths of the multiple sections of branch lines are introduced, the circuit is simulated in full-wave simulation according to index optimization analysis, and the lengths of different positions of the branch lines and the film resistance values are set.
The invention designs a broadband high-power positive slope equalizer with a multi-section branch structure, which can further reduce the insertion loss, increase the working bandwidth and adapt to a negative slope transmission curve, wherein the working frequency range is 6 to 18GHz, the insertion loss is 12dB when the insertion loss is 6GHz, 2dB @ when the insertion loss is 18GHz, the return loss is lower than-20 dB, and the amplitude response is linearly changed along with the frequency in the range of 6 to 18 GHz; the distributed parameter structure and the resistor are grounded, so that the radiating is facilitated, and the high power can be borne; the balance slope is accurate, and the floating range is small; the bandwidth spans an X wave band and a Ku wave band, and the working bandwidth is wide; the structure is simple, the production cost is low, and the maintenance is convenient; the method is realized by microstrip circuit distribution parameters and film resistance, has no lumped element parasitic parameter influence, and is easy to realize accurate simulation optimization; the impedance, the length and the terminal resistance of the branch line are determined by simulation optimization, the optimization target requirement is changed under the condition of good standing wave to meet the required amplitude characteristic, and other amplitude or phase balance requirements are easily designed; the power absorption of the equalizer is dispersed on 4 grounding resistors, so that the heat dissipation is easy, the equalizer can bear larger power larger than 10W, the area of the thin film resistor is increased, and the power borne by the equalizer is easily larger than 100W.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a plan view of an equalizer, fig. 2 is a principle of calculation of a sheet resistance, fig. 3 is a frequency response corresponding to different lengths, fig. 4 is a frequency response corresponding to different resistances, and fig. 5 is a comparison of simulation and actual measurement results.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically explained in the following by combining the attached drawings.
A PCB (printed circuit board) of Roges 6002 is selected, the dielectric constant is 2.94, the dielectric thickness is 31mil, the thin-film resistance is 50 omega/square millimeter, and the passing power of 10W is met.
The equalizer has a planar structure as shown in fig. 1, and the dimensions and resistance settings are as follows:
if the resistance of the three-dimensional conductor is
As shown in FIG. 2, where ρ represents resistivity, L represents length, A represents cross-sectional area, width of cross-section is W, and thickness is t represents film, the resistance is equivalent to
Where Rs is the sheet resistance.
The basic resonance frequency is related to the length
Where n is a non-zero natural positive integer and λ P is the wavelength of the microstrip line quasi-TEM wave, as shown in fig. 3.
When the length L is constant and the resonance frequency is constant, the resistance R is changed to change the attenuation depth, the smaller the resistance R, the less the electromagnetic waves enter the resonator resonance, and the more the most of the electromagnetic waves are blocked, the greater the attenuation, as shown in fig. 4.
According to the simulation data, plate making processing is carried out, and simulation results and actual measurement results are compared, as shown in fig. 5, it can be seen that the measurement results and the simulation results are well matched, and some special requirements can be met.
The above-described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A wideband high power positive slope equalizer, comprising: the circuit comprises a main transmission line, four branch structures and a plurality of thin film resistors, wherein the main transmission line adopts a straight-through microstrip line structure, each branch structure consists of a plurality of branch lines, the electromagnetic response of the branch structure is represented by an equivalent circuit, and Z is set 0 Characteristic impedance of microstrip line, omega is working angular frequency, system function
The resistance and length of the branch line are adjusted so that the transmission curve exhibits a positive slope.
2. The wideband high power positive slope equalizer of claim 1, wherein the thin film resistor comprises: equivalent to a two-dimensional conductor, a resistance corresponding to a three-dimensional conductor of
Wherein ρ represents resistivity, L represents length, A represents cross-sectional area, width of cross-section is W, thickness is t represents film, and film resistance is equivalent to
Wherein Rs is the sheet resistance value, unitIs ohm/square and represents the resistance of one square area flowing to another.
3. The wideband high power positive slope equalizer of claim 2, wherein the thin film resistor comprises: the resistance value was measured by four-point probe measurement.
4. The wideband high power positive slope equalizer of claim 1, wherein the equalizer comprises: equivalently loading a microstrip resonator formed by a plurality of branch lines on a terminal, adjusting a resistor R to change the loaded Q value of the resonator, and adjusting a length L to change an equivalent capacitor and an inductor to change a resonant frequency f.
5. The wideband high power positive slope equalizer of claim 1, wherein the equalizer comprises: the basic resonance frequency is related to the length
Wherein n is a non-zero natural positive integer, and λ P is the wavelength of the microstrip line quasi-TEM wave.
6. The wideband high power positive slope equalizer of claim 1, wherein the equalizer comprises: when the length L is unchanged and the resonant frequency is unchanged, the resistor R is changed to adjust the loaded Q value of the resonator so as to change the attenuation depth, and when the resistance value is equal to the characteristic impedance of the resonator, the load is the heaviest and the loss is the largest.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210584999.3A CN114899565A (en) | 2022-05-26 | 2022-05-26 | Broadband high-power positive slope equalizer |
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| CN202210584999.3A CN114899565A (en) | 2022-05-26 | 2022-05-26 | Broadband high-power positive slope equalizer |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5283539A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-02-01 | Itt Corporation | Monolithic compatible, absorptive, amplitude shaping network |
| JP2002217619A (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Equalizer |
| CN204168257U (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of wideband microband amplitude equalizer |
| CN105470073A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Ka-waveband microstrip line gain equalizer |
| CN105846026A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-08-10 | 中国人民解放军武汉军械士官学校 | Lumped structure microwave amplitude equalizer |
| CN111129680A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity |
| CN113497324A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-12 | 南京理工大学 | Miniaturized microstrip equalizer based on thin film circuit |
| CN113659297A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司常州供电分公司 | High-power microwave equalizer |
-
2022
- 2022-05-26 CN CN202210584999.3A patent/CN114899565A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5283539A (en) * | 1992-09-09 | 1994-02-01 | Itt Corporation | Monolithic compatible, absorptive, amplitude shaping network |
| JP2002217619A (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2002-08-02 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Equalizer |
| CN204168257U (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2015-02-18 | 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of wideband microband amplitude equalizer |
| CN105846026A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-08-10 | 中国人民解放军武汉军械士官学校 | Lumped structure microwave amplitude equalizer |
| CN105470073A (en) * | 2016-01-11 | 2016-04-06 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | Ka-waveband microstrip line gain equalizer |
| CN111129680A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-05-08 | 南京邮电大学 | Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity |
| CN113497324A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2021-10-12 | 南京理工大学 | Miniaturized microstrip equalizer based on thin film circuit |
| CN113659297A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司常州供电分公司 | High-power microwave equalizer |
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