CN106532199B - Broadband phase equalizer for random cooling system - Google Patents
Broadband phase equalizer for random cooling system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106532199B CN106532199B CN201611038953.2A CN201611038953A CN106532199B CN 106532199 B CN106532199 B CN 106532199B CN 201611038953 A CN201611038953 A CN 201611038953A CN 106532199 B CN106532199 B CN 106532199B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/18—Phase-shifters
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of random cooling of a circular accelerator, in particular to a broadband phase equalizer for a random cooling system. Including wideband quadrature hybrid networks, the signals being wideThe A port input with the orthogonal hybrid network is divided into two paths with equal amplitude and 90-phase difference0The signals respectively reach a port C and a port D of the broadband quadrature hybrid network, and then the signals are reflected from the port C and the port D, wherein one path of the signals is reflected to the port A to form equal amplitude and opposite phase (with a phase difference of 180 DEG)0) The signals are mutually counteracted, the other path of the signals is reflected to a port B of the broadband orthogonal hybrid network, and the port B of the broadband orthogonal hybrid network is connected with the adjustable delay line; and the C port and the D port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network are respectively connected with the open-circuit terminal or the short-circuit terminal coaxial line through coaxial connectors. The phase correction circuit has extremely wide bandwidth, realizes phase correction under multiple octave frequency bands and achieves the purpose of phase equalization; the circuit is simple, easy to assemble and debug, easy to control and operate, and has the advantages of good repeatability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of random cooling of a circular accelerator, in particular to a broadband phase equalizer for a random cooling system.
Background
In the circular accelerator, random cooling is to cool the beam flow by a broadband feedback system, a detector at the upstream of the beam flow detects a radio frequency signal proportional to the deviation of the particles, the output signal is filtered, delayed, phase-shifted and amplified by a system and then is applied to a downstream impactor, and the particles are corrected on the impactor in proportion to the deviation, so that the cooling purpose is achieved. This of course requires that the correction signal arrives at the impactor in synchronism with the particles. The random cooling system mainly comprises a detector, a low noise amplifier, a microwave bridge, a band-pass filter, a phase shifter, a variable attenuator, a phase equalizer, an adjustable delay line, a power amplifier, an impactor and the like. The phase equalizer is one of key devices of a random cooling hardware system, because the random cooling system is a feedback loop, if the required phase in the whole working frequency band is 180 degrees, when the required phase is deviated from 180 +/-90 degrees, the emission degree is increased (at the moment, heating beams are used instead of cooling beams), and the phase equalizer is introduced into the random cooling hardware system to balance the phase in the whole working frequency band, so that good phase flatness is achieved, and the purpose of optimal and rapid cooling of the beams is achieved.
The phase equalizer is a device for correcting the phase-frequency characteristic, and has wide applications in the fields of accelerators, radars, wireless communication and power synthesis. Most of the prior art phase equalizers are limited in bandwidth, and the wideband phase equalizers with more than four octaves are rarely mentioned. At present, methods for phase equalization in a radio frequency microwave frequency band include a full-pass coupling transmission line method, a waveguide loading resonator method and the like. The adoption of the all-pass coupling transmission line method has the defects of difficult field debugging and the like; the waveguide loaded resonator method has the defects of high processing difficulty, large size when the frequency band is used below an L wave band and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a wideband phase equalizer for a stochastic cooling system that addresses the deficiencies of the prior art. Thereby effectively solving the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the broadband phase equalizer for the random cooling system is characterized by comprising a broadband quadrature hybrid network, wherein a signal is input from an A port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network, divided into two paths of signals with equal amplitude and 90-degree phase difference and respectively reach a C port and a D port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network, the signals are reflected from the C port and the D port, one path of signals is reflected to the A port to form signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase (with 180-degree difference) which are mutually offset, the other path of signals is reflected to a B port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network, and the B port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network is connected with an adjustable delay line; and the C port and the D port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network are respectively connected with the open-circuit terminal or the short-circuit terminal coaxial line through coaxial connectors.
The broadband orthogonal hybrid network is a broadband orthogonal 90-degree hybrid network, and the coaxial connector is a 50-ohm coaxial connector.
One end of the open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial line is connected with the broadband quadrature hybrid network through the coaxial connector, the other end of the open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial line is open-circuit or short-circuit, the two open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial lines have the same length and the same characteristic impedance.
The open-end or short-circuit coaxial line comprises an outer conductor, an inner conductor and a dielectric material, wherein the dielectric material is arranged between the outer conductor and the inner conductor, and when the open-end or short-circuit coaxial line is short-circuited at the terminal, the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the coaxial line are simultaneously connected with the ground.
The phase of the B-port output signal of the broadband quadrature hybrid network is represented by a reflection coefficient S11:
the reflection coefficient S11 is related to the characteristic impedance and length of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial line, and the phase-frequency curve is obtained by changing the characteristic impedance of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial line and the length of the coaxial line, so that the purpose of phase equalization is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the broadband phase equalizer for the random cooling system has extremely wide bandwidth, can realize phase correction under a plurality of octave frequency bands and achieves the purpose of phase equalization; the required phase-frequency curve can be obtained by reasonably adjusting the lengths of the adjustable delay line and the coaxial line, so that the phase balance under various wide frequency bands is realized; the circuit is simple, easy to assemble and debug, easy to control and operate, and has the advantages of good repeatability and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the coaxial line of FIG. 1 in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a phase-frequency curve corresponding to different lengths of coaxial lines when the coaxial line terminal of the present invention is open;
fig. 4 is a phase-frequency curve diagram corresponding to different lengths of coaxial lines when the coaxial line terminal of the present invention is short-circuited.
Shown in the figure: 1. a broadband quadrature hybrid network; 2. a coaxial connector; 3. open-ended or short-ended coaxial wires; 3-1. inner conductor; 3-2, dielectric material; 3-3. outer conductor; 4. an adjustable delay line.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is given with reference to the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings:
specific example 1: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the wideband phase equalizer for a random cooling system according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a wideband quadrature hybrid network 1, wherein a signal is input from an a port of the wideband quadrature hybrid network 1, divided into two paths of signals with equal amplitude and 90 ° phase difference, and respectively reach a C port and a D port of the wideband quadrature hybrid network 1, and then the signals are reflected from the C port and the D port, wherein one path of signals is reflected to the a port to form signals with equal amplitude and opposite phase (with 180 ° phase difference) which are mutually cancelled, the other path of signals is reflected to a B port of the wideband quadrature hybrid network 1, and the B port of the wideband quadrature hybrid network 1 is connected to an adjustable delay line 4; the C port and the D port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network are respectively connected with an open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3 through a coaxial connector 2.
The broadband orthogonal hybrid network 1 is a broadband orthogonal 90-degree hybrid network, and the coaxial connector 2 is a 50-ohm coaxial connector.
One end of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3 is connected with the broadband orthogonal hybrid network 1 through the coaxial connector 2, the other end of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3 is open-ended or short-circuited, the lengths of the two open-ended or short-ended coaxial wires 3 are the same, and the characteristic impedances are equal.
The open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3 comprises an outer conductor 3-3, an inner conductor 3-1 and a dielectric material 3-2, wherein the dielectric material 3-2 is arranged between the outer conductor 3-3 and the inner conductor 3-1, and when the open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3 is short-ended, the outer conductor 3-3 and the inner conductor 3-1 of the coaxial wire are simultaneously connected with the ground.
The phase of the B-port output signal of the wideband quadrature hybrid network 1 is represented by a reflection coefficient S11:
the reflection coefficient S11 is related to the characteristic impedance and length of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire 3, and the phase-frequency curve is obtained by changing the characteristic impedance of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial wire and the length of the coaxial wire, so as to achieve the purpose of phase equalization.
When the broadband orthogonal (90 DEG) hybrid network is selected, the broadband orthogonal (90 DEG) hybrid network has the requirements of excellent main indexes such as amplitude and phase flatness, small input and output standing waves, small insertion loss and large isolation degree as much as possible. In the examples, a broadband quadrature (90 °) hybrid network 1 is selected from the Werlatone corporation, U.S. model number QH7774-10, operating bandwidth is 100MHz-1000MHz, insertion loss is 0.6dB, standing wave is 1.3: 1, the amplitude flatness is less than +/-1 dB, the phase flatness is less than +/-5 degrees, and the isolation is 20dB Min. In the embodiment, the length of the 50 ohm coaxial connector 2 is 10-30mm, and the connector is stainless steel precision connector. In the embodiment, the open coaxial line 3 is selected to be 25 ohms, and the value of the characteristic impedance of the open coaxial line is not limited, and may be selected to be 75 ohms or other values.
The open-ended coaxial wire 3 is not limited in material and dielectric constant. The characteristic impedance of the coaxial line is related to the ratio of the radiuses of the inner conductor and the outer conductor and the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric layer, and the expression is as follows:
the open-ended coaxial wire 3 is chosen in the embodiment to be a semi-rigid coaxial cable. In the embodiment, the adjustable delay line 4 is selected from the American Passternack corporation, model number PE8243, bandwidth DC-2GHz, standing wave 1.5: 1, maximum insertion loss of 0.5dB and phase adjustment of 60 degrees/GHz. The phase-frequency curve required by people is obtained by reasonably adjusting the adjustable delay line 4 of the phase equalizer, optimizing the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line 3 with the terminal open and changing the length L of the coaxial line 3, so that the phase-frequency curve in the system can be corrected by using the phase-frequency curve generated by the phase equalizer introduced into the system, and the purpose of phase equalization is realized. Fig. 3 is a phase-frequency curve diagram corresponding to different coaxial line lengths when the coaxial line terminal of the wideband phase equalizer is open.
In a radio frequency microwave system, the characteristic impedance of a microwave component is generally 50 ohms, so that parameters such as the phase and attenuation of an electromagnetic wave signal in a uniform coaxial line with the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms are linearly changed. However, in this embodiment, the coaxial line with an open end is introduced, so that the phase change rule of the signal reflected from the open end of the coaxial line changes, and thus a required phase-frequency curve can be obtained to achieve the purpose of phase equalization.
Specific example 2: the difference from example 1 is: the invention obtains the phase-frequency curve needed by people by reasonably adjusting the adjustable delay line 4 of the phase equalizer, optimizing the characteristic impedance of the coaxial line 3 with the short circuit at the terminal and changing the length L of the coaxial line 3, thereby correcting the phase-frequency curve in the system by using the phase-frequency curve generated by the phase equalizer introduced in the system and realizing the purpose of phase equalization. Fig. 4 shows the phase-frequency curve corresponding to different coaxial line lengths when the coaxial line terminal of the wideband phase equalizer is short-circuited. In the embodiment, the coaxial line with the short-circuited terminal is introduced, so that the phase change rule of the signal reflected from the short-circuited terminal of the coaxial line is changed, and a required phase-frequency curve can be obtained to achieve the purpose of phase equalization.
The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the coaxial line, and other microwave transmission lines such as microstrip lines and the like can be selected. If a microstrip line is selected, the whole broadband phase equalizer can be integrated with other circuits on a compact circuit board, so that the miniaturization and integration of the circuit can be realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
1. Broadband phase equalization for random cooling systemThe weighing apparatus is characterized by comprising a broadband quadrature hybrid network, wherein signals are input from an A port of the broadband quadrature hybrid network and divided into two paths with equal amplitude and 90-phase difference0The signals respectively reach a port C and a port D of the broadband quadrature hybrid network, and then the signals are reflected from the port C and the port D, wherein one path of the signals is reflected to the port A to form equal amplitude and opposite phase (with a phase difference of 180 DEG)0) The signals are mutually counteracted, the other path of the signals is reflected to a port B of the broadband orthogonal hybrid network, and the port B of the broadband orthogonal hybrid network is connected with the adjustable delay line; the C port and the D port of the broadband orthogonal hybrid network are respectively connected with the open-circuit or short-circuit coaxial line of the terminal through coaxial connectors;
the phase of the B-port output signal of the broadband quadrature hybrid network is represented by a reflection coefficient S11:
the reflection coefficient S11 is related to the characteristic impedance and length of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial line, and the phase-frequency curve is obtained by changing the characteristic impedance of the open-ended or short-ended coaxial line and the length of the coaxial line, so that the purpose of phase equalization is achieved.
2. A wideband phase equalizer for a stochastic cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: the broadband orthogonal hybrid network is broadband orthogonal 900And in the hybrid network, the coaxial connector is a 50 ohm coaxial connector.
3. A wideband phase equalizer for a stochastic cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: one end of the open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial line is connected with the broadband quadrature hybrid network through the coaxial connector, the other end of the open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial line is open-circuit or short-circuit, the two open-circuit or short-circuit terminal coaxial lines have the same length and the same characteristic impedance.
4. A wideband phase equalizer for a stochastic cooling system according to claim 1, wherein: the open-end or short-circuit coaxial line comprises an outer conductor, an inner conductor and a dielectric material, wherein the dielectric material is arranged between the outer conductor and the inner conductor, and when the open-end or short-circuit coaxial line is short-circuited at the terminal, the outer conductor and the inner conductor of the coaxial line are simultaneously connected with the ground.
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| CN201611038953.2A CN106532199B (en) | 2016-11-13 | 2016-11-13 | Broadband phase equalizer for random cooling system |
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| CN201611038953.2A CN106532199B (en) | 2016-11-13 | 2016-11-13 | Broadband phase equalizer for random cooling system |
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| CN109193083A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-11 | 天津大学 | It is a kind of novel to filter phase shifter |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102185572A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Electrically-tuned gain equalizer circuit |
| CN104242851A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Quadric curve voltage-adjustment gain equalization circuit |
| CN206379448U (en) * | 2016-11-13 | 2017-08-04 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | A kind of wideband phase balanced device of Stochastic Cooling System |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102185572A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-09-14 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Electrically-tuned gain equalizer circuit |
| CN104242851A (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2014-12-24 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Quadric curve voltage-adjustment gain equalization circuit |
| CN206379448U (en) * | 2016-11-13 | 2017-08-04 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | A kind of wideband phase balanced device of Stochastic Cooling System |
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