CN111129680A - Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity - Google Patents
Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129680A CN111129680A CN201911390509.0A CN201911390509A CN111129680A CN 111129680 A CN111129680 A CN 111129680A CN 201911390509 A CN201911390509 A CN 201911390509A CN 111129680 A CN111129680 A CN 111129680A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
- H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/22—Attenuating devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/40—Transceivers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavities, which comprises a top cover, a main transmission line, a shell, a fine tuning screw and a dielectric block, wherein the shell is provided with a plurality of coaxial resonant cavities; the fine tuning screw and the dielectric block are arranged in the coaxial resonant cavity, the dielectric block is used for fixing the fine tuning screw, and the fine tuning screw is used for adjusting the resonant frequency; the top cap all is equipped with three screw with the position that each coaxial resonant cavity longitudinal axis corresponds, and one of them screw is used for fixed medium piece, and two other screws are used for inserting and inhale ripples cylinder or phase modulation screw rod. The invention changes the working frequency range and the amplitude adjusting range of the equalizer by adjusting the insertion depth of the fine adjustment screw, the wave-absorbing cylinder and the phase adjustment screw, so that the equalizer is suitable for more various and more complex transmission curves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the microwave passive device technology, and particularly relates to a broadband adjustable equalizer based on a coaxial resonant cavity.
Background
An equalizer (equalizer) is generally used to correct amplitude frequency characteristics and phase frequency characteristics of a transmission channel in a wireless communication system, and is often located at a transmitting end or a receiving end in a radar system, so that signal distortion can be greatly improved. Some passive devices in the microwave band, such as filters, couplers, isolators, power dividers, etc., have relatively perfect comprehensive theoretical research and calculation methods, but equalizers are specific devices for different products and different working environments, and are difficult to design easily by using general theoretical and calculation methods. Therefore, in consideration of uniqueness and complexity of an equalizer product, an optimized physical structure needs to be built to realize and make up for theoretical defects. For example, after microwave signals are amplified by a plurality of multi-stage power amplification devices, the amplitude of the microwave signals changes randomly at certain frequency points, which causes signal distortion, and a high-power equalizer needs to be additionally arranged to improve the amplitude-frequency characteristic, so that the output signals achieve the flatness required by the technology. In general, the equalizer requires a wide amplitude adjustment range to ensure better flatness of an output signal, a small Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) to reduce interference to a system, and a small size in some special environments. In addition, some microwave and millimeter wave power modules have different degrees of phase unevenness, and an equalizer is needed to improve the phase-frequency characteristics.
For example, chinese patent publication No. CN208062229U discloses a broadband adjustable high-power microwave equalizer, in which a microwave resonator is loaded on a microwave transmission line every quarter wavelength, a resonance branch is loaded on a main transmission line to form a microwave resonator, a microwave absorbing material is added in a coaxial cavity to transmit valley points, and a specific equalization curve can be formed by matching the multiple-stage resonance branches; secondly, chinese patent publication No. CN208226060U discloses a slope-variable microwave equalizer, which includes a metal ground line, a dielectric layer, a thin film resistor, a metal wire, a capacitor, and a gold wire. But the amplitude adjustment range of the microwave equalizer is small and the microwave equalizer is at a low frequencyS21The adjustable range of the curve is-4 to-9 dB, the equilibrium slope can be adjusted (the maximum adjustment range is 5dB), the high frequency position is not adjustable, and the method is not suitable for a transmission curve (S)21) A complex situation; finally, chinese patent publication No. CN202564518U discloses a microwave equalizer, which uses the on/off of a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switch to achieve the purpose of controlling the lengths of transmission lines of the microwave equalizer, thereby realizing the conversion between different equalization curves.
In conclusion, increasing the adjustable range of the equalizer, improving the working stability of the equalizer, adapting to the adjustment requirement of a complex equalization curve, having wide working frequency band, low insertion loss and low production cost is a constant pursuit in the field of equalizer design.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a broadband adjustable equalizer based on a coaxial resonant cavity, which can further reduce insertion loss, increase working bandwidth and amplitude adjustment range and adapt to more various and more complex transmission curves.
The technical scheme is as follows: the micro-cavity; the fine tuning screw and the dielectric block are arranged in the coaxial resonant cavity, the dielectric block is used for fixing the fine tuning screw, and the fine tuning screw is used for adjusting the resonant frequency; the top cap all is equipped with three screw with the position that each coaxial resonant cavity longitudinal axis corresponds, and one of them screw is used for fixed medium piece, and two other screws are used for inserting and inhale ripples cylinder or phase modulation screw rod.
One end of the fine tuning screw rod, which is far away from the through transmission line, is provided with a coarse tuning nut for changing the size of the cavity; the coarse tuning nut can quickly change the volume of the resonant cavity to realize quick tuning; the fine adjustment screw can realize fine adjustment and improve S21The accuracy of the transmission curve; can make the adjustable equalizer bumpyWithout altering its equilibrium properties.
The screw hole for fixing the medium block fixes the medium block by screwing in the screw, and a cylindrical digging hole with the same diameter as the fine adjustment screw rod is arranged inside the medium block and used for fixing the fine adjustment screw rod.
The main transmission line adopts a straight-through microstrip line and a microstrip line structure, so that the fixing is easy, and the insertion loss is low.
The straight-through microstrip line comprises a dielectric substrate, wherein coaxial ports are arranged at two ends of the dielectric substrate, a metal strip is arranged in the middle of the dielectric substrate along the length direction of the dielectric substrate, and the straight-through microstrip line is simple in structure.
The electromagnetic response of each coaxial resonant cavity is expressed by an equivalent circuit, and the system function formula of the equivalent circuit is as follows:
where ω denotes the angular frequency, Z0And C is a capacitor with equivalent distance between the fine tuning screw and the microstrip line.
The wave-absorbing cylinder is provided with a nut at the end, the nut plays a role in fixing the wave-absorbing cylinder, and the capacity of stable work of the equalizer in severe environments such as high power, severe vibration and the like is improved.
The medium block is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials and is high-temperature resistant.
A coaxial resonant cavity is arranged at every eighth wavelength of the through transmission line.
And an isolator is arranged at the through port so as to reduce transmission loss.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the adjusting range and the adjusting precision of the equalizer are further expanded, and various equalizing effects of amplitude and phase are achieved; (2) the equalizer has good equalization effect and can cope with complex transmission curves and wider amplitude; (3) the capability of the equalizer for stably working in severe environments such as high power, severe vibration and the like is improved; (4) the insertion loss is low; (5) simple structure, low in production cost is honest and clean and is convenient for maintain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a top cover according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a straight-through microstrip line according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the housing of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fine adjustment screw of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric block according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the coaxial resonant cavity of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the system response of the coaxial resonator of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of transmission curves after cascading six resonators according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the electric field distribution within a single coaxial resonant cavity of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the electric field distribution within a single coaxial resonant cavity after insertion of a trim screw in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the depth of a single cavity inserted into the fine adjustment screw and the transmission curve;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between the size of the cavity and the transmission curve according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the depth of a single cavity inserted into a wave-absorbing cylinder and a transmission curve;
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the variation of phase modulating screw insertion depth with phase;
FIG. 16 is a graph of actual measurements versus demand.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the attached drawing figures.
As shown in figure 1, the invention comprises a top cover 1, a main transmission line 2, a shell 3, a coarse tuning nut 4, a fine tuning screw 5, a dielectric block 6, a fine tuning screw 5 andthe dielectric block 6 is arranged in the coaxial resonant cavity 32, the dielectric block 6 is used for fixing the fine tuning screw 5, and the fine tuning screw 5 is used for adjusting the resonant frequency; the top cover 1 is provided with three screw holes at the position corresponding to the longitudinal axis of each coaxial resonant cavity 7, the three screw holes are right above the inserted fine tuning screw rod, one screw hole is used for fixing the medium block 6, and the other two screw holes are used for inserting the wave-absorbing cylinder or the phase-modulating screw rod; in this embodiment, inhale the ripples cylinder for compound carbonyl iron and inhale the ripples cylinder, inhale the ripples cylinder and the phase modulation screw rod tip all is equipped with the nut, and the nut plays fixed action to inhaling ripples cylinder and tuning screw rod, has improved the ability of balanced device steady operation in adverse circumstances such as high-power, violent vibrations. A coaxial resonant cavity 32 is arranged at the position of the main transmission line 2 at the interval of one eighth wavelength, in the embodiment, 17 coaxial resonant cavities are adopted in cascade connection, and more complicated S can be obtained more easily when more cavities are used21As shown in fig. 5, a coarse tuning nut 4 for changing the size of the cavity is arranged at one end of the fine tuning screw 5 away from the through transmission line 2, and the size of the cavity is adjusted by installing the coarse tuning nuts 4 with different lengths into 17 coaxial resonant cavities.
As shown in fig. 2, there are 17 × 3 screw holes with the same diameter size on the top cap respectively, wherein, the screw hole of a middle horizontal row is used for fixing the medium block, the screw hole of two upper and lower horizontal rows is used for inserting and inhales the ripples cylinder, it changes the size of absorbing the peak to inhale through changing the cylindrical depth of insertion of inhaling the ripples, and a resonant cavity can insert two at most and inhale the ripples cylinder, make the adjustable range of curve resonance point bigger, adaptability is stronger, insert and inhale and also can insert the phase modulation screw rod of ripples cylinder department, make S21The resonance frequency point moves without changing the peak value size of the resonance frequency point.
As shown in fig. 3, the main transmission line 2 is a straight-through microstrip line, the straight-through microstrip line includes a dielectric substrate 21, coaxial ports 22 are provided at two ends of the dielectric substrate 21, a metal strip 23 is further provided at a middle position of the dielectric substrate 21 along a length direction thereof, the coaxial ports 22 are accessed by coaxial cables, and screw holes for fixing the dielectric block 6 are screwed in to fix the dielectric block 6. As shown in fig. 6, a cylindrical hole 61 having the same diameter as the fine adjustment screw 5 is formed in the dielectric block 6 for fixing the fine adjustment screw 5. In this embodiment, the dielectric block 6 is made of teflon, but other insulating dielectric materials may be used.
As shown in fig. 4, the housing 3 is provided with a plurality of coaxial resonant cavities 32, the top cover 1 is arranged on the side surface of the housing 3 and covers the plurality of coaxial resonant cavities 32, and the top cover 1 is detachably mounted on the housing 3, so that the product is convenient to maintain and low in processing cost, the through ports 31 are symmetrically arranged on the left side and the right side of the housing 3 above the plurality of coaxial resonant cavities 32, and the through transmission lines 2 pass through the through ports 31; an isolator is also provided at the through port 31 to reduce transmission loss.
As shown in fig. 7, the electromagnetic response of each coaxial resonant cavity 7 of the present invention can be represented by an equivalent circuit, and the system function formula of the equivalent circuit is as follows:
where ω denotes the angular frequency, Z0And C is a capacitor with equivalent distance between the fine tuning screw and the microstrip line.
In the above formula, the insertion loss and waveform of the coaxial resonant cavity 32 can be changed by R, and the resonant frequency can be adjusted by changing L and C, as shown in FIG. 8, for an image corresponding to the above system function, and for a complex S21As shown in fig. 9, the transmission curve can be obtained by cascading a plurality of resonant units and overlapping the corresponding curves in a frequency band, where the present embodiment uses cascading of 6 resonant cavities. The insertion depth of the fine tuning screw 5 in the coaxial resonant cavity determines L and C in the equivalent circuit, namely the position of the absorption peak of the resonant cavity can be changed. With the increase of the insertion depth of the fine tuning screw 5, the resonance peak moves to a low frequency; inserting the composite carbonyl iron wave-absorbing cylinder into the coaxial resonant cavity 32 from the upper end of the top cover 1 of the equalizer, so that the loss degree of a resonance absorption peak can be adjusted, and the deeper the insertion is, the smaller the absorption peak loss is, and the smoother the waveform is; by adjusting a plurality of cascaded resonant cavities, the required S can be adjusted21A transmission curve.
The working principle of the resonant cavity is described below by taking a single resonant cavity as an example, the main transmission line 2 is formed by a microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 omega,
as shown in fig. 10, the microstrip line transmits a quasi-TEM mode before the fine tuning screw 5 is inserted into the coaxial cavity 32, and the electromagnetic wave of the mode is coupled to the cavity very little, so that the cavity has little influence on the transmission before the fine tuning screw 5 is inserted. As shown in fig. 11, after the fine tuning screw 5 is inserted into the coaxial resonant cavity 32, as the fine tuning screw 5 gradually approaches the through microstrip line, the through electromagnetic wave is electromagnetically coupled with the coaxial resonant cavity, and at this time, the electromagnetic field mode in the cavity is TE011Mode(s). As shown in fig. 12, as the fine tuning screw 5 gradually goes deep, the electromagnetic coupling between the electromagnetic wave on the through transmission line 2 and the coaxial resonant cavity 32 becomes stronger, and the equivalent capacitance between the front end of the screw and the microstrip line becomes larger, so that the resonant frequency moves to a low frequency, and the absorption is enhanced. When the distance between the front end of the screw and the microstrip line is reduced to a certain value, attenuation begins to appear at the rightmost side, the peak continues to move leftwards, the lowest point is also reduced, and dis in the figure represents the distance between the fine tuning screw and the microstrip straight-through line. As shown in fig. 13, after the coarse tuning nut 4 is sleeved on the inlet of the fine tuning screw 5, the size of the cavity is rapidly changed, and the reduction of the cavity increases the quality factor of the coaxial resonant cavity 32, so that the absorption waveform is steeper, wherein l represents the length of the coarse tuning nut. As shown in fig. 14, after the fine tuning screw 5 in the coaxial resonant cavity is fixed, the wave-absorbing cylinder is inserted into the cavity of the coaxial resonant cavity 32 from the screw hole on the top cover 1, and when the wave-absorbing cylinder is inserted, the magnetic loss in the cavity is increased, so that the Q value of the cavity is reduced, and the waveform becomes gentle; with the increase of the insertion depth of the wave-absorbing cylinder into the cavity, the resonance peak moves to low frequency, the absorption peak becomes shallow, and d in the figure represents the insertion depth of the wave-absorbing cylinder.
As shown in fig. 15, a fine tuning screw 5 can be inserted into the top cover 1 at the position where the wave absorbing cylinder is inserted, for fine tuning the phase of the transmission signal. When the top cover 1 is inserted into the fine adjustment screw rod 5, the shape of the cavity is slightly inwards sunken, according to the electromagnetic field perturbation theory, when an electric field is strong, inward perturbation is generated, namely, the distance between capacitors is increased, the capacitance is reduced, and therefore the resonant frequency of the resonant cavity is reduced.
As shown in fig. 16, the required value is given for every other sampling point at a fixed frequency, and the error between the required value and the debugging value of each sampling point is within 1dB after actual debugging, so that the equalizer has good equalization effect and can cope with complicated transmission curves and wider amplitudes (2-20 dB).
Claims (10)
1. A broadband adjustable equalizer based on a coaxial resonant cavity is characterized in that: the micro-cavity micro; the fine tuning screw (5) and the dielectric block (6) are arranged in the coaxial resonant cavity (7), the dielectric block (6) is used for fixing the fine tuning screw (5), and the fine tuning screw (5) is used for adjusting the resonant frequency; the top cover (1) and the position corresponding to the longitudinal axis of each coaxial resonant cavity (32) are provided with three screw holes, one of the screw holes is used for fixing the dielectric block (6), and the other two screw holes are used for inserting wave-absorbing cylinders or phase-modulating screws.
2. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: and one end of the fine tuning screw rod (5) far away from the through transmission line (2) is provided with a coarse tuning nut (4) for changing the size of the cavity.
3. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the main transmission line (2) adopts a straight-through microstrip line.
4. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the screw hole for fixing the medium block (6) fixes the medium block (6) by screwing in the screw, and a cylindrical digging hole (61) with the same diameter as the fine adjustment screw rod (5) is arranged inside the medium block (6) and used for fixing the fine adjustment screw rod (5).
5. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 3, wherein: the straight-through microstrip line comprises a dielectric substrate (21), wherein coaxial ports (22) are arranged at two ends of the dielectric substrate (21), and a metal strip (23) is arranged in the middle of the dielectric substrate (21) along the length direction of the dielectric substrate.
6. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnetic response of each coaxial resonant cavity (7) is expressed by an equivalent circuit, and the system function formula of the equivalent circuit is as follows:
where ω denotes the angular frequency, Z0And C is a capacitor with equivalent distance between the fine tuning screw and the microstrip line.
7. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: and nuts are arranged at the end parts of the wave-absorbing cylinder and the phase-modulating screw rod.
8. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: the medium block (6) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene materials.
9. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: a coaxial resonant cavity (7) is arranged at the position of one eighth wavelength of the main transmission line (2).
10. The tunable coaxial resonator-based wideband equalizer of claim 1, wherein: an isolator is arranged at the through port (31).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911390509.0A CN111129680A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity |
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| CN201911390509.0A CN111129680A (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2019-12-30 | Broadband adjustable equalizer based on coaxial resonant cavity |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111600568A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 四川博谱微波科技有限公司 | Novel broadband passive equalizer |
| CN113659297A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-16 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司常州供电分公司 | High-power microwave equalizer |
| CN114899565A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-12 | 南京国睿防务系统有限公司 | Broadband high-power positive slope equalizer |
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Application publication date: 20200508 |