CN114893952A - 用于气体备用供应的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于气体备用供应的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN114893952A
CN114893952A CN202210116032.2A CN202210116032A CN114893952A CN 114893952 A CN114893952 A CN 114893952A CN 202210116032 A CN202210116032 A CN 202210116032A CN 114893952 A CN114893952 A CN 114893952A
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separation unit
heat
air separation
asu
gas
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B·法拉
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
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    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
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    • F25J3/04048—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of cold gaseous streams, e.g. intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste) streams
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    • F25J3/04503—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于供应富氧备用气体的方法，在该方法中:i)在正常操作期间，第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)通过低温蒸馏分离空气，以便产生作为气态产物的富氧气体(1)和储存在储罐(T)中的富氧液体(3)；ii)在该第一空气分离单元的产量减少的情况下，液体从该储罐被提取并且在产热流体(15)的作用下而在热交换器(E)中气化，以形成补充气体(13)，该产热流体是气态氮流，该气态氮流来自外部源、在该热交换器中液化并且构成被输送至该热交换器的唯一产热流体。本发明还涉及一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气和用于供应富氧备用气体的单元。

Description

用于气体备用供应的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及通过低温液体的气化来备用供应气体(可能是加压气体)的方法和设备，特别是当工业设备(例如空气分离装置)只能保证产品的部分供应或根本不能供应时(例如在跳闸、因电价限制而降低负荷等情况下)用于向用户供应气体产品(氮气、氧气、氩气)的方法和设备。
背景技术
在正常操作中，气化不是必需的，因为所有的气体都由空气分离单元提供。在该操作期间，除了气体之外，该单元还产生具有与气体相同的主要成分的低温液体，并且该液体储存在储罐中。
在空气分离单元产量减少的情况下，例如在故障的情况下，分离单元不再产生气体或不再产生足够的气体；在这种情况下，通过使用至少一个泵将低温液体从储罐中提取出来，并输送到备用蒸发器中，在该蒸发器中，低温液体通过与环境空气或水蒸气的热交换而气化。
在EP-A-0452177中示出了备用气化单元，其中来自储罐的液氮通过与环境空气的热交换在热交换器中气化。
因此，要气化的低温液体的潜热被浪费了。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用富氧低温液体的气化能量。
根据本发明的一个主题，提供了一种用于供应富氧备用气体的方法，在该方法中:
i)在正常操作期间，第一空气分离单元通过低温蒸馏分离空气，以便产生作为气态产物的富氧气体和储存在储罐中的富氧液体；
ii)在分离单元的产量减少的情况下，液体从储罐中提取，并在热交换器中在产热流体的作用下气化，以形成补充气体，其特征在于，产热流体是气态氮流，该气态氮流来自外部源、在热交换器中液化，并构成输送到热交换器的唯一产热流体。
根据其他可选方面:
-所述产热流体来自为管线或为第二空气分离单元的外部源。
-该第二空气分离单元是低温分离单元，并且至少一部分的被液化的产热流体被输送到该第二空气分离单元。
-至少一部分的被液化的产热流体被引入该第二空气分离单元的蒸馏塔中。
-在正常操作期间和/或在重启正常操作时，该至少一部分的被液化的产热流体被引入该第二空气分离单元的蒸馏塔中。
-输送至该储罐的该至少一部分的被液化的产热流体具有与被输送至该储罐的液体至少相同的共同成分纯度。
-至少一部分的被液化的产热流体被输送至该第一空气分离单元。
-该至少一部分的被液化的产热流体优选在被输送以分离的空气的量增加的时间段内被引入该第一空气分离单元的塔中。
-在正常操作期间和/或在重启正常操作时，将该至少一部分的被液化的产热流体引入该第一空气分离单元的蒸馏塔中。
-在该分离单元的产量减少的情况下，液体从该储罐中被提取并且在电加热蒸发器中气化或者通过与空气、水蒸气或热水进行热交换而气化，以供应第二补充气体。
-从该储罐中提取的所有液体均在该热交换器中气化。
-该热交换器不是电加热的。
根据本发明的另一个主题，提供了一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气和用于供应富氧备用气体的单元，所述单元包括：用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的第一空气分离单元；连接到该第一空气分离单元以产生作为气态产品的富氧气体的管道；储罐，该储罐连接到该第一空气分离单元以在其中储存来自该第一空气分离单元的富氧液体；热交换器，该热交换器连接到该储罐并连接到用于供应产热流体的机构，使得被输送到该热交换器的、来自该储罐的液体形成补充气体；和连接到外部源以便供应该产热流体的管道，该产热流体是在该热交换器中液化的气态氮流，该热交换器不连接到另外的产热流体源。
该单元可包括用于将液化的气态氮流输送到该第一空气分离单元和/或该第二空气分离单元的机构。
附图说明
将参照附图以更详细的方式描述本发明。
图1示出了根据本发明的用于供应备用气体的方法。
具体实施方式
空气分离单元ASU 1是通过低温蒸馏分离空气的单元，其包括至少一个蒸馏塔并处理净化和冷却的空气。在正常运行期间，该单元生产作为产品输送给用户的富氧气体1和输送给储罐T的富氧液体3。该气体可以直接以气体的形式产生，或者可以通过在单元内使液氧气化来产生。
当单元ASU 1的产量下降时，气体1的产量减少，甚至完全没有。富氧液体7从储罐T中提取，并通过泵P而朝向热交换器9被输送。泵P的存在并不是严格必要的，例如，在储罐位于高处的情况下。
泵送的液体9被输送到热交换器，在那里它与作为唯一产热流体的富氮气体间接交换热量。气体15来自第二空气分离单元ASU 2，例如通过低温蒸馏分离的单元或产生富氮气体5的管线。
气体15通过在热交换器E中的间接热交换而液化，并作为液体产品17排出。
热交换器E优选不电加热。
所有被泵送的液体都有可能被输送到热交换器E。否则，被泵送的液体的一部分9进入热交换器E，其余部分在电加热蒸发器V中或通过与空气或水蒸气或热水的热交换而气化。
形成的气体13作为备用气体输送给用户，用于替换产品1或补充产品1。
在热交换器E中形成的液体17可以被输送到三个独立位置中的至少一个位置。
如果第二空气分离单元ASU 2是低温蒸馏单元，则至少一部分液体17可以被输送到第二空气分离单元ASU 2，在低温蒸馏单元中，所述液体例如可以被输送用于在该单元的蒸馏塔中分离，以便向该单元供应冷量。
当液体17被输送到第二空气分离单元ASU 2时，第二空气分离单元ASU 2可以在运行中或者在重启过程中。如果正在运行，则这种输送可增加液体的产量；如果正在重启过程中，则这种输送可加速冷却。
至少一部分液体17可被输送到第一空气分离单元ASU 1，在那里它可以例如被输送用于在该单元的蒸馏塔中分离，以便向该单元供应冷。当单元ASU 1的产量增加并且制冷需求增加时，这一点尤其有用。因此，在单元ASU 1发生故障后，通过将液体17输送到该单元的塔中将会使重启被加速。
术语“第一(空气)分离单元”的使用不一定意味着存在第二(空气)分离单元。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于供应富氧备用气体的方法，在该方法中:
i)在正常操作期间，第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)通过低温蒸馏分离空气，以便产生作为气态产物的富氧气体(1)和储存在储罐(T)中的富氧液体(3)；
ii)在该第一空气分离单元的产量减少的情况下，液体从该储罐被提取并且在产热流体(15)的作用下而在热交换器(E)中气化，以形成补充气体(13)，其特征在于，该产热流体是气态氮流，该气态氮流来自外部源、在该热交换器中液化并且构成被输送至该热交换器的唯一产热流体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述产热流体(15)来自为管线或为第二空气分离单元(ASU 2)的外部源。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其中，所述第二空气分离单元(ASU 2)是低温分离单元，并且至少一部分的被液化的产热流体(17)被输送到该第二空气分离单元。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中，至少一部分的被液化的产热流体(17)被引入该第二空气分离单元(ASU 2)的蒸馏塔中。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，至少一部分的被液化的产热流体(17)被输送至该第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，该至少一部分的被液化的产热流体(17)优选在被输送以便分离的空气的量增加的时间段内被引入该第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)的塔中。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，在该第一空气分离单元的产量减少的情况下，液体从该储罐(T)被提取并且在电加热蒸发器(V)中气化或者通过与空气、水蒸气或热水进行热交换而气化，以供应第二补充气体。
8.一种用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气和用于供应富氧备用气体的单元，所述单元包括：用于通过低温蒸馏分离空气的第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)；连接到该第一空气分离单元以产生作为气态产品的富氧气体(1)的管道；储罐(T)，该储罐连接到该第一空气分离单元以在其中储存来自该第一空气分离单元的富氧液体；热交换器(E)，该热交换器连接到该储罐并连接到用于供应产热流体(15)的机构，使得被输送到该热交换器的、来自该储罐的液体形成补充气体(13)；和连接到外部源(ASU 2)以便供应该产热流体的管道，该产热流体是在该热交换器中液化的气态氮流，该热交换器不连接到另外的产热流体源。
9.根据权利要求8所述的单元，其包括用于将液化的气态氮流(17)输送到该第一空气分离单元(ASU 1)和/或第二空气分离单元(ASU 2)的机构。
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JP2873469B2 (ja) * 1989-09-29 1999-03-24 株式会社大分サンソセンター 需要変動に対応して空気を液化分離し供給する装置
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