CN114891513A - Soil reinforcing liquid with lignin combined with polyvinyl alcohol and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Soil reinforcing liquid with lignin combined with polyvinyl alcohol and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114891513A CN114891513A CN202210537140.7A CN202210537140A CN114891513A CN 114891513 A CN114891513 A CN 114891513A CN 202210537140 A CN202210537140 A CN 202210537140A CN 114891513 A CN114891513 A CN 114891513A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 157
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.CCO IDGUHHHQCWSQLU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 244000052363 Cynodon dactylon Species 0.000 description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930191978 Gibberellin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003448 gibberellin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004162 soil erosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H8/00—Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2105/00—Erosion prevention
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a soil reinforcing liquid combining lignin and polyvinyl alcohol and a preparation method thereof. The spraying of the soil reinforcing liquid can form a fiber-soil particle structure system in the soil body, the fibers are mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional grid, the displacement and deformation of soil particles can be restrained, and the integrity and the stability of the slope surface are enhanced. Meanwhile, the combination of polyvinyl alcohol and hydrophilic cotton cellulose in the reinforcing liquid can generate good adhesive force. Moreover, the cotton cellulose can effectively improve the water retention capacity of the surface soil, obviously increase the water content of the soil and be beneficial to the germination of various plants on the soil slope. The invention can obviously improve the stability of soil body and the compressive strength of the side slope, enhance the protection of vegetation to the side slope, and overcome the problem of water and soil loss when plant seeds do not germinate in the early stage of the side slope ecological protection engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil conservation, and particularly relates to a soil reinforcing liquid with lignin combined with polyvinyl alcohol and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, the problem of water and soil loss has become a major ecological environment problem which needs to be solved urgently in China, and water and soil conservation is paid more and more attention. The water and soil conservation measures are all technical measures for implementing water and soil conservation, and refer to the general names of agricultural technical measures, biological measures and engineering measures which are mainly used for effectively preventing water and soil loss and improving agricultural production conditions and ecological environment in a water and soil loss area.
The soil body is reinforced to improve the stability of the slope rock-soil body, and the vegetation restoration technology is combined, so that the soil body becomes a hotspot of research in the rock-soil and ecological environment engineering community. The combination measures generally have a more significant effect in soil conservation than the single measures, for example, planting a hedge along a contour line on a slope can intercept silt running off the slope, reduce the runoff velocity, promote runoff infiltration, increase the soil moisture content, and reduce the runoff erosion capacity. However, in the stage of a bare slope before the germination of the plants on the soil slope, the water and soil loss phenomenon is still serious, so that a water and soil conservation method which is economic and environment-friendly, convenient and fast to implement and can be used for reinforcing the slope in the early stage of the germination of the plants on the soil slope is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the invention, the soil strengthening liquid is prepared by combining lignin and polyvinyl alcohol and adding a certain amount of cellulose, so that the integrity and stability of the slope can be enhanced, and water and soil loss can be reduced. The cellulose in the soil reinforcing liquid can improve the water retention capacity of surface soil and promote the germination of plants.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a soil reinforcing liquid combining lignin and polyvinyl alcohol, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 87-94 parts of lignin solution, 5-10 parts of cellulose and 1-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
The lignin solution is obtained by treating waste straws with ethanol, wherein the content of lignin is 5-10%.
The cellulose is obtained by treating cotton with NaOH and hydrogen peroxide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the soil reinforcing liquid by combining lignin and polyvinyl alcohol, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting a certain amount of waste straws without leaves into small sections, crushing into powder, sieving and drying for 1-3h to obtain straw powder.
(2) Preparing ethanol solution with volume fraction of 75-95% by using industrial grade ethanol.
(3) Mixing the straw powder obtained in the step (1) and the ethanol solution obtained in the step (2) according to a certain mass ratio, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed solution.
(4) And (4) heating the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) until the ethanol is completely volatilized, and then filtering while the mixed solution is hot to obtain a lignin solution.
(5) Soaking a proper amount of cotton in a NaOH solution with the mass fraction of 2%, adding hydrogen peroxide with the mass fraction of 5% when the temperature of the solution is reduced to 70-80 ℃, continuously heating to keep the temperature of the solution at 70-80 ℃, filtering to obtain filter residue after the reaction is finished, washing the filter residue to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying in a constant-temperature oven at 40 ℃ for 1-2 hours to obtain cellulose;
(6) and (4) adding the cellulose obtained in the step (5) into the lignin solution obtained in the step (4), adding polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and stirring until the fibers are completely dissolved to obtain the soil reinforcing liquid.
Preferably, the waste straw in the step (1) is one or more of corn, rice, wheat straw and reed.
Preferably, the screen mesh in the step (1) is 100-200 meshes; the drying temperature is 120-160 ℃.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the straw powder to the ethanol aqueous solution in the step (3) is 1: 15-25.
Preferably, the heating in step (4) is any one of microwave heating or boiling.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the cotton in the step (6) to the 2% NaOH solution is 1: 15-25.
Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the step (7) accounts for 1-4% of the mass of the lignin solution.
The invention also provides the application of the soil reinforcing liquid in slope protection, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) before reinforcement, the soil slope is subjected to field investigation, the type and the dosage of suitable plant seeds are selected according to the type of the protogenic plants, and the dosage of the reinforcement liquid is estimated according to the area of the slope needing reinforcement.
(2) And (4) preparing soil reinforcing liquid.
(3) And (4) drilling the soil slope by using a drilling machine to ensure that the holes are vertical to the slope surface.
(4) The selected plant seeds are mixed with a soil reinforcement liquid, injected into the holes together, and the holes are filled with soil.
(5) After the plant seeds grow seedlings, uniformly spraying soil reinforcement liquid on the surface soil.
(6) And (5) performing later maintenance.
Preferably, the spraying amount of the reinforcing liquid in the step (1) is 1-2kg/m 2 。
Preferably, the diameter of the hole in the step (3) is about 5-8cm, the depth is 15-20cm, and the edge distance of the adjacent plant planting holes is 25-35 cm.
Preferably, the seeds in the step (4) need to be screened, the shrunken seeds are removed, and then the seeds are soaked in a gibberellin solution of 90-100mg/L for 24 hours and then dried.
Preferably, the spraying frequency of the soil reinforcing liquid in the step (5) is once every 5 days and lasts for 30 days.
Advantageous effects
1. The waste straw is used as a lignin source, so that the cost is reduced through waste utilization, the preparation difficulty is reduced, and the popularization is facilitated.
2. The lignin solution is obtained by treating the waste straws with ethanol, and has the advantages of low cost, no waste liquid discharge and the like, and meanwhile, the obtained lignin solution can be directly used for the production of soil stabilization liquid, so that the operation steps are simplified.
3. The soil reinforcing liquid can form a fiber-soil particle structure system in the soil body, the fibers are mutually overlapped to form a three-dimensional grid, the displacement and deformation of soil particles can be restrained, and the integrity and the stability of the slope surface are enhanced.
4. The plant fiber in the soil reinforcing liquid can obviously improve the water retention capacity of the soil, is more favorable for plant seed germination and completes the overall ecological restoration of the side slope.
5. No other chemical products are added in the soil-adding liquid, thereby avoiding the secondary pollution of chemical drugs to the soil
6. The soil reinforcement liquid is applied to slope protection, helps soil and water conservation in a bare slope stage before soil slope plants germinate, promotes the germination of the slope protection plants, and has the advantages of simple application method, quick effect taking and the like.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparation of soil-fortifying liquid
(1) Taking 1kg of straw stalks, removing leaves, and cutting into small sections with the length of about 2 cm; then, the cut straw stalk segments are put into a crusher to be crushed, and the crushed straws are sieved by a 200-mesh sieve to obtain 500g of straw stalk powder.
(2) And (2) adding the straw powder obtained in the step (1) into 75% and 7.5kg of ethanol solution, and stirring until the straw powder is completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution.
(3) And (3) placing the mixed solution obtained in the step (2) in a microwave oven, heating at 600W until the ethanol is completely volatilized, and then filtering the hot solution to obtain 2kg of lignin solution.
(4) Soaking 300g of cotton in 4.5kg of 2% NaOH solution (the mass ratio of the cotton to the NaOH is 1: 15), adding 1kg of 5% hydrogen peroxide when the temperature of the solution is reduced to 70 ℃, and continuously heating to keep the temperature of the solution at 70 ℃; filtering after complete reaction, fully washing filter residue to be neutral by using distilled water, and drying in a constant-temperature oven at 40 ℃ for 1h to obtain 160g of cellulose.
(5) 160g of the cellulose obtained in step (4) was added to 2kg of the lignin solution obtained in step (3), and 22g of polyvinyl alcohol fiber was added to obtain 2.18kg of a soil solidifying solution.
Example 2
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the concentration of the ethanol solution is changed from 75 percent to 80 percent, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 3
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the concentration of the ethanol solution is changed from 75 percent to 85 percent, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 4
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the concentration of the ethanol solution is changed from 75 percent to 90 percent, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 5
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the concentration of the ethanol solution is changed from 75 percent to 95 percent, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 6
The method and the steps are the same as those of the example 1, and only 10kg of ethanol solution is used to prepare the soil strengthening liquid.
Example 7
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the dosage of the ethanol solution is changed to 12.5kg, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 8
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the mass of 2 percent NaOH is changed into 6kg (the mass ratio of cotton to NaOH is 1: 20), and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 9
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the mass of 2 percent NaOH is changed into 7.5kg (the mass ratio of cotton to NaOH is 1: 25), and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared.
Example 10
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared only by changing the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber from 22g to 44 g.
Example 11
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, and the soil strengthening liquid is prepared only by changing the mass of the polyvinyl alcohol fiber from 22g to 88 g.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that lignin is not included in the raw material for preparing the above-described soil-strengthening liquid.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that cellulose is not included in the raw materials for preparing the above-described soil-strengthening liquid.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the raw materials for preparing the above soil-strengthening liquid do not include polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of soil-strengthening liquids prepared under different conditions
As shown in Table 1, the concentration and dosage of ethanol have no great influence on the physicochemical properties of the soil-added liquid, while the pH value of the solution is increased due to the larger dosage of NaOH, the pH value of the soil-added liquid directly influences the pH value of the soil, and the pH value of the applied soil-added liquid is required to be kept within the neutral range (6.9-7.3) because the pH value of the applied soil-added liquid influences the normal growth of plants due to too much acid and too little alkali. The increase of the dosage of the polyvinyl alcohol can cause the increase of the viscosity of the solution, the proper viscosity can ensure the bonding effect of the soil reinforcing liquid, but when the viscosity of the soil reinforcing liquid is increased to 150-200cp, the spraying device can be blocked, thereby influencing the spraying construction. Therefore, when preparing the soil stabilization liquid, the mass ratio of the cotton to the 2% NaOH solution is 1: 15-25, the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is 1-4% of the mass of the lignin solution, which is a scientific mixture ratio.
Meanwhile, the pH value of the soil-added liquid prepared in the comparative examples 1 to 3 is moderate, but the viscosity is low, and the soil solidification effect is poor, so that the lignin solution, the cellulose and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the soil-added liquid are all in shortage, and the soil is reinforced under the synergistic effect of the lignin solution, the cellulose and the polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
Example 12
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the straw stalk is changed into the wheat stalk, wherein the stalk powder: the mass ratio of the ethanol solution is 1: 20, cotton: the mass ratio of 2% NaOH is 1: and 20, preparing the soil reinforcing liquid.
Example 13
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the straw stalks are changed into reed stalks, wherein the straw powder: the mass ratio of the ethanol solution is 1: 20, cotton: the mass ratio of 2% NaOH is 1: and 20, preparing the soil reinforcing liquid.
Example 14
The method and the steps are the same as the example 1, only the straw stalks are changed into the corn stalks, wherein the stalk powder: the mass ratio of the ethanol solution is 1: 20, cotton: the mass ratio of 2% NaOH is 1: and 20, preparing the soil reinforcing liquid.
TABLE 2 Properties of different stalks for preparing soil-strengthening liquid
As shown in Table 2, the use of different straws has little effect on the physicochemical properties of the soil stabilization liquid, which indicates that the preparation method of the invention is applicable to various plant waste straws.
Example 15
Randomly selecting a soil slope sample plot, and cutting with a cutting ring (60 cm) 3 ) Taking out an undisturbed soil sample, directly spraying the soil reinforcing liquid prepared in the examples 1-14 and the comparative examples 1-3 on a cutting ring sample, respectively naming the samples as experimental groups 1-14 and control groups 1-3, simultaneously setting a blank group, namely soil without spraying soil reinforcing liquid, and measuring the solidification effect of the soil reinforcing liquid on the soil. Wherein the spraying amount of the soil reinforcing liquid is 1.2kg/m 2 。
TABLE 3 Effect of different soil strengthening liquids on soil Properties
The porosity of the soil refers to the percentage of the total volume of the soil that is occupied by the pores in the soil, and the number of pores is related to the water permeability, air permeability, thermal conductivity and compactness of the soil. The porosity of different types of soil is different, the smaller the porosity of the soil is, the internal structure of the soil is compact, the porosity is larger, and the structure is loose, so that the solidification effect of the reinforcing liquid on the soil can be evaluated by measuring the porosity of the soil. The results (table 3) show that the porosity of the soil is the greatest for the blank, somewhat but not significantly lower for the controls 1-3, while the porosity of the soil is significantly lower for the experimental groups 1-14, with the porosity being the lowest for experimental group 11, 39.1, followed by experimental group 10 and experimental group 1. The soil strengthening liquid prepared by the invention has better strengthening effect on soil, wherein the soil strengthening liquid prepared by adopting the raw material proportion of the examples 1, 10 and 11 has the best effect on reducing the porosity of the soil.
The compressive strength is mainly determined by the cohesive force of the soil, which directly affects the firmness of the soil, and as can be seen from table 3, the compressive strength of the soil of the blank group and the control group 1-3 is lower, the compressive strength of the experimental group 1-14 is higher and is about twice as high as that of the blank group or the control group 1-3, wherein the compressive strength of the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 11 is the highest, which indicates that the soil reinforcing liquid prepared by adopting the mixture ratio of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 11 has the best effect on improving the compressive strength of the soil.
The relationship between the water content of the soil and the growth of plants is the most close, and the influence on the compressive strength is great, as can be seen from table 3, the water content of the blank group is the lowest, the water content of the control groups 1-3 is increased to a certain extent but is not significant, and the water content of the soil of the experimental groups 1-14 is significantly higher than that of the blank group and the control groups 1-3, wherein the water content of the experimental group 1 and the experimental group 12 is the highest, which indicates that the soil reinforcing liquid prepared by the examples 1-14 can increase the water content of the soil, and the soil reinforcing liquid prepared by the proportions of the examples 1 and 12 has the best effect on improving the water content of the soil. Furthermore, as can be seen from the water contents of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 14, a synergistic effect exists among lignin, cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and the water content of comparative example 2 is the lowest, indicating that the influence of cellulose in the soil-strengthening liquid on the soil water content is the greatest.
In summary, the firmness of soil is affected by a plurality of factors, and therefore, the evaluation of the soil solidification effect also requires a combination of a plurality of indexes to judge the change of the soil property after the soil solidification liquid is applied. In summary, the experimental group 1 has low porosity and highest water content and compressive strength, which indicates that the soil-strengthening liquid prepared by the raw material ratio in example 1 has the best solidification effect on soil.
Example 16 seed Germination experiments
Experimental groups: selecting 50 hard and healthy bermuda grass seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds with 50g of the soil curing liquid prepared in the example 1, adding 0.25L of clear water, spraying the mixed liquid on the surface of a flowerpot, and uniformly spraying 0.25L of clear water on the surface soil after every other day.
Control group 1: selecting 50 hard and healthy bermuda grass seeds, uniformly mixing the seeds with 100g of the soil curing liquid prepared in the example 1, adding 0.25L of clear water, spraying the mixed liquid on the surface of a flowerpot, and uniformly spraying 0.25L of clear water on the surface soil after every other day.
Control group 2: selecting 50 hard and healthy Bermuda grass seeds, uniformly spreading the seeds in a flowerpot, spraying 0.25L of clear water, and spraying 0.25L of clear water again after every other day.
Each group was assigned 3 biological replicates and the average germination rate was taken for evaluation.
The results show (table 4) that the germination rates of the bermuda grass seeds treated with the soil-stabilizing solution are different from those of the bermuda grass seeds not treated, the soil-stabilizing solution can promote the germination of the bermuda grass seeds, and the germination rates are gradually improved along with the time. When the bermuda grass seeds are treated by soil-added liquid with different quality, the germination rates of the bermuda grass seeds are different, and the germination rate of the bermuda grass seeds treated by 50g of soil-added liquid is higher than that of the bermuda grass seeds treated by 100g of soil-added liquid, but the difference is not obvious.
TABLE 4 Germination rate of Cynodondactylon seeds under the influence of soil stabilization solution
Example 17 slope Reinforcement experiment
Experimental groups: (1) digging a hole: at randomly chosen 25m 2 Plant planting holes are uniformly dug out at intervals of 30cm in the horizontal and vertical directions of the side slope, the diameter of each plant planting hole is 5cm, and the depth of each plant planting hole is 15 cm.
(2) Selecting hard and healthy bermuda grass seeds: screening the seeds of bermuda grass, removing the shrunken seeds, soaking the seeds in 100mg/L gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and airing for later use.
Each planting hole is filled with 0.2g of bermuda grass seeds mixed with 100g of the soil reinforcing liquid prepared in the example 1, the soil body is covered again after the seeding is finished, the soil body is leveled, and then the planting holes are irrigated with clear water every day.
(3) Continuously spraying the solid solution on the surface of the soil body after the seeds germinate, and spraying 5kg of the soil solid solution once every 5 days (namely the spraying amount of the soil solid solution is 1.2 kg/m) 2 ) For 30 days.
Control group: randomly selecting 3 blocks with the area of 25m 2 Directly planting the seeds of the bermuda grass in planting holes with the diameter of 5cm and the depth of 15cm, and irrigating clear water every day; spraying 5kg of clear water every 5 days after the seeds germinate, and continuing for 30 days.
The experimental group and the control group were repeated 3 times, and data were measured by a static cone penetration test, and the penetration resistance and the shear wave velocity were calculated, and the experimental results are shown in table 5.
Example 18
The procedure is as in example 17, except that the soil in step (3) is removedThe dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is changed to 6kg (namely the spraying dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is 1.44 kg/m) 2 ) And 3 biological replicates were set, and penetration resistance and shear wave velocity were measured, and the results are shown in table 5.
Example 19
The method has the same steps as the example 17, and only the dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid in the step (3) is changed into 8kg (namely the spraying dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is 1.9kg/m 2 ) And 3 biological replicates were set, and penetration resistance and shear wave velocity were measured, and the results are shown in table 5.
Example 20
The method has the same steps as the example 17, and only the dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid in the step (3) is changed into 10kg (namely the spraying dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is 2.4kg/m 2 ) And 3 biological replicates were set, and penetration resistance and shear wave velocity were measured, and the results are shown in table 5.
The penetration resistance refers to the resistance of the penetration of the static sounding probe into the soil layer, and can estimate the strength deformation index of the soil; the shear wave velocity refers to the propagation velocity of the vibration transverse wave in the soil, and is a main basis for determining the soil type of the field, and the reinforcement degree of the soil of the whole side slope can be judged by combining the shear wave velocity and the soil type.
The results show that the penetration resistance of the soil surface layer of the experimental group of example 17 is 231-246kPa, which is 5-6 times of that of the control group; meanwhile, the shear wave velocity of the experimental group can reach 802m/s to the maximum, and is increased by about 10 times compared with the shear wave velocity of the experimental group, which shows that the soil reinforcing liquid prepared by the invention can obviously improve the penetration resistance of the soil surface layer and the shear strength of the solidified layer soil body, greatly reduces the water and soil loss degree of the side slope surface layer, and has the effect of reinforcing the side slope engineering.
The soil reinforcing liquid with different quality is used for processing, the reinforcing effect of the side slope is not consistent, wherein the dosage is 5kg, 6kg and 8kg (namely the spraying dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is 1.2 kg/m) 2 、1.44kg/m 2 、1.9kg/m 2 ) The penetration resistance and the shear wave velocity of the soil are improved, but the dosage is 10kg (namely the spraying dosage of the soil reinforcing liquid is 2.4 kg/m) 2 The penetration resistance and the shear wave velocity are reduced, so that the strengthening effect of the soil strengthening liquid is ensuredThe relationship between the total amount of fruits and vegetables and the reinforcement area of the side slope should be controlled to be 1-2kg/m 2 It is preferable.
TABLE 5 influence of different treatments on the soil erosion and water loss of the slopes
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and includes equivalents of technical features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A soil strengthening liquid combining lignin and polyvinyl alcohol is characterized in that: the soil reinforcing liquid comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 87-94 parts of lignin solution, 5-10 parts of cellulose and 1-3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
2. The soil-strengthening liquid of claim 1, wherein the soil-strengthening liquid comprises a combination of lignin and polyvinyl alcohol, and further comprises: the lignin solution is obtained by treating waste straws with ethanol, wherein the content of lignin is 5-10%.
3. The soil-strengthening liquid of claim 1, wherein the soil-strengthening liquid comprises a combination of lignin and polyvinyl alcohol, and further comprises: the cellulose is obtained by treating cotton with NaOH and hydrogen peroxide.
4. A method for preparing a soil-strengthening liquid in which lignin is combined with polyvinyl alcohol according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the preparation steps are as follows:
(1) crushing waste straws into powder, and drying the powder for 1-3 hours after the powder passes through a screen to obtain straw powder;
(2) uniformly mixing the straw powder obtained in the step (1) with 75-95% ethanol solution according to a certain mass ratio to obtain mixed solution;
(3) heating the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) until the ethanol is completely volatilized, and then filtering to obtain a lignin solution;
(4) immersing cotton in NaOH solution, cooling to 70-80 deg.C, adding hydrogen peroxide, heating at 70-80 deg.C, filtering after reaction, washing the residue to neutrality, and drying to obtain cellulose;
(5) and (3) adding the cellulose obtained in the step (4) into the lignin solution obtained in the step (3), adding polyvinyl alcohol fiber, and stirring until the polyvinyl alcohol fiber is completely dissolved to obtain the soil reinforcing liquid.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein: the waste straw in the step (1) is one or more of corn, rice, wheat straw and reed.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein: the screen in the step (1) is 100-200 meshes, and the drying temperature is 120-160 ℃.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the straw powder to the ethanol water solution in the step (2) is 1: 15-25.
8. The method of claim 4, wherein: the mass ratio of the cotton in the step (4) to the 2% NaOH solution is 1: 15-25.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein: and (3) the polyvinyl alcohol fiber in the step (5) accounts for 1-4% of the mass of the lignin solution.
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