CN114886071A - Continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil tea fruits - Google Patents
Continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil tea fruits Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
- A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/34—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using microwaves
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/18—Drum screens
- B07B1/22—Revolving drums
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/22—Controlling the drying process in dependence on liquid content of solid materials or objects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/85—Food storage or conservation, e.g. cooling or drying
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Abstract
The invention provides continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, wherein the equipment comprises a weighing storage bin, a grading after-ripening treatment device, a convection heating device and a control system, the oil-tea camellia fruits are stored and fed by the weighing storage bin, after-ripening treatment is carried out in the grading after-ripening treatment device, heating is carried out by the heating device, and various functional mechanisms are coordinated and automatically controlled by the control system. The processing method comprises the following steps: s1, grading the oil tea fruits; s2, manufacturing an anoxic closed environment; s3, heating in a staged manner; s4, blowing air to reduce humidity; and S5, microwave heating and drying. The oil-tea camellia fruit oil treatment device is scientific and reasonable in structural design, simple to operate, good in oil-tea camellia fruit treatment effect, high in treatment efficiency, and capable of scientifically improving the oil content of oil-tea camellia fruits and improving the quality of the oil-tea camellia fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil tea fruit processing, and particularly relates to continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil tea fruits.
Background
The Camellia oleifera (Camellia oleifera) is a unique woody edible oil tree species in China, is called four woody oil plants in the world together with olive, oil palm and coconut, and has very important ecological, economic and social benefits. The camellia oil processed from camellia seeds is used as high-grade edible oil, contains specific active substances, is high in vitamin E content, has the unsaturated fatty acid content of 90 percent and is far higher than that of other pressed edible oil, has certain medicinal and health-care values of dissolving thrombus, reducing cholesterol, preventing tumors and the like, is widely applied to the fields of industry, medicine, health care, cosmetology and the like, and has a plurality of byproducts, high added value and huge market potential. In recent years, the planting area of the oil tea in China is continuously enlarged to 6550 mu of a thousand, the operation level is continuously improved, the yield of the oil tea fruits is increased year by year, 267.9 million tons are achieved in 2019, and the annual output value reaches 1160 billion yuan.
The processing of the oil-tea camellia has already been carried out on a certain scale, the comprehensive development and utilization technology of oil-tea camellia byproducts is further mature, the utilization degree of oil-tea camellia seeds is close to 100%, the resource utilization level is high, but the average oil yield is only 16%, and the level is low. The oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruit is an important value of the oil-tea camellia, and is also a characteristic of great variation, and factors influencing the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruit comprise genetic quality, environmental factors, fruit number, seed maturity and after-ripening transformation. Generally, about 10% of oil-tea camellia fruits crack normally and can be picked, so most of oil-tea camellia fruits are not completely ripe when being picked, and certain measures are adopted to finish the after-ripening process of the oil-tea camellia fruits after being picked so as to improve the oil yield.
The harvested fresh oil tea fruits still have life vitality, and complex physiological changes such as photosynthesis and the like, namely an after-ripening process, can occur in the later period. Researches show that the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits can be improved by sun-drying and baking the picked oil-tea camellia fruits. Horse power et al found that oil-tea camellia fruits after picking can be improved in oil content by stack retting and tedding treatment (proceedings of Chinese food and oil Co., Ltd., 2014, 29 (12)). After research by Ogaku et al, the oil content of the collected camellia oleifera fruits at the near-mature period can be improved by covering the camellia oleifera fruits with a blue film and then airing the camellia oleifera fruits for 20 days (the research on economic forest, 2019 and 37 (3)). Wujiangwen et al found that the oil and fat of the collected oil-tea camellia fruits are obviously improved after the oil-tea camellia fruits are treated under the condition of illumination and a certain temperature (food industry, 2020, 41 (11)). The researches prove that the oil content can be improved after the oil tea fruits are scientifically and reasonably treated after being picked, but the mechanical after-ripening treatment and equipment for the picked fresh oil tea fruits are not researched.
The camellia oleifera fruits are strong in season, the harvesting time is concentrated, natural airing is usually adopted to process and sort camellia oleifera seeds after harvesting, the traditional intensive manual operation is mainly used, a large amount of labor and a large amount of places are needed, the time is required to be 3-7 days, the influence of weather is large, the production efficiency is low, and once the camellia oleifera fruits meet continuous rainy weather, rotten seeds of the fruits easily occur, and the quality of the camellia oleifera oil is seriously influenced. At present, efficient oil-tea camellia fruit after-ripening treatment equipment is still absent in the market, most of fresh oil-tea camellia fruits are not subjected to after-ripening treatment after being harvested and are directly subjected to dehusked treatment; partially adopts the traditional natural drying mode, and aims at removing the cattails and sorting the camellia seeds. Although natural airing can achieve a certain after-ripening treatment effect, the after-ripening treatment method is greatly influenced by natural conditions, treatment is not standard, and a scientific, efficient and standard continuous mechanical after-ripening treatment method is urgently needed. The invention discloses a layered air-drying storage device and an air-drying method, which are characterized in that oil-tea fruits are used as raw materials, the oil-tea fruits are conveyed through a conveyor belt to be air-dried, the oil-tea fruits are sequentially and respectively air-dried on an upper conveyor belt, a middle conveyor belt, a lower conveyor belt and the like according to the sizes of the oil-tea fruits, the air quantity is adjusted according to the sizes of the oil-tea fruits, and the layered air-drying storage device has the advantages of being uniform in air-drying quality, high in air-drying efficiency and good in uniformity.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment method and equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, aiming at the defects of the prior art, the treatment method is scientific and reasonable, has strong operability, conforms to the physiological characteristic change of the oil-tea camellia fruits, can greatly improve the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits, and improves the economic benefit of the oil-tea camellia fruits. The device has the advantages of fine and reasonable structural design, perfect and reliable functions, high automation degree, high treatment efficiency and good treatment effect, can carry out multi-level continuous after-ripening treatment on the oil-tea camellia fruits, and has obvious economic value and popularization significance
The fresh oil tea fruit continuous efficient grading after-ripening processing equipment comprises a storage device, a feeding device, a grading after-ripening processing device, a convection heating device and a control system, wherein the storage device conveys oil tea fruits into the grading after-ripening processing device through the feeding device, and the grading after-ripening processing device is provided with the convection heating device;
the material storage device comprises a material storage pool and a grading cylinder, wherein the material storage pool is funnel-shaped, the grading cylinder is rotationally arranged in the material storage pool and consists of two layers of screen cylinders which are nested inside and outside, grading holes are formed in the two layers of screen cylinders, a discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the material storage pool, and one end of the feeding device is arranged right below the discharging hole;
the feeding device is a belt feeding machine;
the grading after-ripening processing device comprises a machine body, a driving mechanism and transmission belts, wherein the machine body is divided into an upper first-stage processing cavity and a lower second-stage processing cavity, the first-stage processing cavity and the second-stage processing cavity are communicated through a transfer port, the transmission belts are arranged in the first-stage processing cavity and the second-stage processing cavity in parallel in a plurality of layers, the transmission belts are in transmission connection with the driving mechanism, the conveying directions of the adjacent transmission belts are opposite, and blanking baffles are arranged between the adjacent transmission belts;
convection heating device includes heater, air-blower and combustion chamber, the heater is installed in the organism, the air-blower has a plurality ofly and equidistance to set up in the organism both sides, and the air-blower air outlet of both sides all is located the organism and crisscross setting, the combustion chamber sets up in the bottom of organism and combustion chamber and organism inner chamber intercommunication.
Preferably, the electric flashboard is installed at the feed opening, the support is fixedly connected to the storage tank, a weight sensor is arranged between the support and the ground, the aperture of a grading hole formed in the outer screen drum is 27mm, the aperture of the grading hole formed in the inner screen drum is 39mm, and the opening end of the screen drum is movably provided with a plugging plate, the grading drum is driven to rotate by a first motor, the two layers of screen drums are fixedly connected to a drum shaft in a coaxial mode, the drum shaft is rotatably installed at the top of the storage tank through a bearing and a bearing seat, and the output shaft of the first motor is in transmission connection with the drum shaft.
Preferably, loading attachment includes frame, second motor and material loading area, the material loading area rotates and installs in the frame, the material loading area comprises translation portion and climbing portion, the frame comprises the support column that the multiunit differs in size, be provided with many transmission shafts on the material loading area, connect through first drive chain between many transmission shafts, the both sides in material loading area are provided with the material loading baffle, fixed mounting second motor on the material loading baffle, the output shaft and a transmission shaft of second motor are connected, the material loading area is gone up and is provided with the polylith scraper blade along perpendicular to material loading baffle equidistance.
Preferably, the pan feeding mouth is seted up at the organism top, the translation position on the material loading area is located the feed opening under, climb portion intercommunication on the material loading area the pan feeding mouth, the both ends of transmission band set up two sprockets and pass through the sprocket and drive the transmission band operation, and two sprockets on the same transmission band pass through a second transmission chain drive and connect, actuating mechanism includes third motor and a plurality of drive gear, third motor fixed mounting is on the organism and the output shaft of third motor and one of them drive gear fixed connection, the sprocket passes through the shaft rotation and installs in the organism, and fixed cup joints a drive gear simultaneously on the shaft of one side, and a plurality of drive gear mesh in proper order connects. Many transmission bands that first stage treatment chamber corresponds are driven by a third motor, and many transmission bands that second stage treatment chamber corresponds are driven by another third motor, can control the conveying speed of transmission band during two-stage processing respectively, are convenient for adjust the oil tea fruit on the conveyer belt and pile up thickness.
Preferably, the week side of transmission band removes the one end of the ejection of compact and all is provided with the unloading baffle that prevents the tea-oil camellia fruit and drop, the second stage process cavity sets up microwave dryer, be provided with the condenser that communicates to the first stage process cavity on the organism, operation panel and cat ladder are installed to the organism outside, the observation hole has been seted up on the organism, one side of organism is provided with sealing door, the discharge gate has been seted up to the bottom of organism.
Preferably, the machine body is provided with a temperature and humidity display for displaying the temperature and humidity in the machine body, the first-stage treatment cavity and the second-stage treatment cavity are respectively provided with a heater and a blower, and the heater and the blower corresponding to the first-stage treatment cavity and the second-stage treatment cavity are independently controlled to be opened and closed.
Preferably, the control system comprises a control panel and a PLC controller, and the control system is electrically connected to the first motor, the second motor, the third motor, the condenser, the microwave dryer, the temperature and humidity display, the heater, and the blower.
Preferably, the thickness of the machine body is not less than 4cm, and heat preservation treatment is carried out by using heat preservation cotton. The top of the machine body is provided with an exhaust hole which is mainly beneficial to discharging water vapor in the after-ripening process of the oil-tea camellia fruits. The steam exhaust hole is connected with the condenser, and water and steam are separated through the condenser. The sealing doors are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the machine body in the length direction, can be opened and closed repeatedly, have good sealing performance and thickness not less than 4cm, and are subjected to heat preservation treatment by using heat preservation cotton. The observation hole material is transparent toughened glass, distributes in organism both sides and both ends position, can set up observation hole quantity according to actual conditions for the inside condition of visual observation. The operation platform is arranged on two sides and two ends and is connected by the crawling ladder, and the operation platform is mainly used for production operation and equipment maintenance.
A continuous efficient classification after-ripening treatment method for fresh oil tea fruits comprises the following operation steps:
s1, oil tea fruit grading: oil tea fruit is stored in a storage device according to fruit diameter of less than 27mm, 27 &Screening into three batches of large, medium and small sizes at the distance of 39mm and more than 39mm, and sending the three batches into a grading after-ripening treatment device after screening is finished; forming different after-ripening temperatures in the grading after-ripening processing device within the temperature range of 50-70 ℃ according to different fruit diameter batches, and forming different after-ripening temperatures in the range of 500-700 m according to different fruit diameter batches 3 The ventilation volume range of/h forms different ventilation volumes in the grading after-ripening treatment device;
s2, manufacturing an anoxic closed environment: the grading after-ripening treatment device is communicated with a combustion chamber, and biomass fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber to consume oxygen to produce an anoxic environment;
s3, heating and temperature rising: controlling the temperature in the grading after-ripening treatment device by a heater, wherein the after-ripening treatment time is 12-48 h; when the first-stage after-ripening treatment is carried out in the first-stage treatment cavity, the oil-tea camellia fruits are dried at the temperature of 50-70 ℃ until the water content is 60-70%, and the oil-tea camellia fruit stacking height on each transmission belt is 5-15 cm; performing secondary after-ripening treatment in a two-stage treatment cavity, and performing microwave heating treatment at 55-80 ℃ until the water content is 10-15% and the stacking height of the oil-tea camellia fruits on each transmission belt is 10-30 cm;
s4, air blowing humidity reduction: the humidity in the machine body is linearly reduced at the speed of 5%/24 h-6%/24 h by an air blower;
s5, microwave heating and drying: heating and drying the oil tea fruit for 6min by a microwave dryer to make the water content of the oil tea fruit lower than 15%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the method has scientific and reasonable design, conforms to the physiological character characteristics of the oil-tea camellia fruits, is simple to operate, and can effectively improve the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits so as to improve the economic value of the oil-tea camellia fruits; the equipment designed by the invention has the advantages of scientific and reasonable structure, high automation degree, safe operation and high treatment effect, and can be popularized and used.
2. The invention adopts a continuous processing method for improving the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits by adopting a mode of grading the oil-tea camellia fruits, putting the oil-tea camellia fruits into a sealed anoxic environment, carrying out staged heating, blowing air to reduce humidity and carrying out microwave heating. The oil-tea camellia fruit oil content is improved by 4-6% by the processing method, the water content is accurately and rapidly controlled, and the classification is carried out on the oil-tea camellia fruit oil content, so that the subsequent processing steps are facilitated.
3. According to the continuous efficient grading after-ripening equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, the temperature adjusting mechanism, the air blowing mechanism, the dehumidifying mechanism, the oxygen consuming mechanism, the microwave heating mechanism and the like are set in an internal circulation mode through air in the sealing mechanism and the air in the equipment, so that the continuous processing of the oil-tea camellia fruits is realized, the water content and the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits are monitored in real time, the processing temperature and the processing time of the oil-tea camellia fruits with different fruit diameters are accurately controlled, the oil content of the oil-tea camellia fruits is scientifically improved, and the water content of the oil-tea camellia fruits is reduced.
4. According to the invention, the activity of the grease converting enzyme is improved by selecting a proper temperature range, the respiration of the oil-tea camellia fruits is reduced by reducing oxygen, so that the oil yield is improved, and the excessive water is discharged in the after-ripening process to reduce the mildew rate and ensure the grease quality.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the storage device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the discharging device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the feeding device in the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of the staged post-maturation apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view showing a half-sectional structure of the apparatus for the staged after-ripening treatment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the convection heating apparatus of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
11-a material storage tank; 12-a support; 13-a weight sensor;
14-a grading cylinder; 15-a first motor; 16-electric gate plate;
21-a feeding baffle plate; 22 — a first drive chain; 23-a second motor;
24-a frame; 25-feeding the material belt; 26-a scraper;
27-a transmission shaft; 31 — a third motor; 32-a feeding port;
33-blanking baffle plate; 34 — a second drive chain; 35-a conveyor belt;
36-a machine body; 37-a sealing door; 38-a discharge port;
39-sprocket wheel; 310-microwave dryer; 311-a condenser;
312-ladder climbing; 313 — a viewing aperture; 41-a heater;
42-temperature and humidity display; 43-a blower; 44-combustion chamber.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment discloses a continuous high-efficiency classification after-ripening processing apparatus for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, which comprises a storage device, a feeding device, a classification after-ripening processing device, a convection heating device and a control system, wherein the storage device conveys the oil-tea camellia fruits into the classification after-ripening processing device through the feeding device, and the classification after-ripening processing device is provided with the convection heating device;
the storage device comprises a storage tank 11 and a grading cylinder 14, the storage tank 11 is funnel-shaped, the grading cylinder 14 is rotatably arranged in the storage tank 11, the grading cylinder 14 consists of two layers of screen cylinders which are nested inside and outside, grading holes are formed in the two layers of screen cylinders, a discharging hole is formed in the bottom of the storage tank 11, and one end of the feeding device is arranged right below the discharging hole;
the feeding device is a belt feeding machine;
the grading after-ripening processing device comprises a machine body 36, a driving mechanism and transmission belts 35, wherein the machine body 36 is divided into a first-stage processing cavity above and a second-stage processing cavity below, the first-stage processing cavity and the second-stage processing cavity are communicated through a transfer port, three transmission belts 35 are arranged in parallel in the first-stage processing cavity, two transmission belts 35 are arranged in parallel in the second-stage processing cavity, the transmission belts 35 are in transmission connection with the driving mechanism, the transmission directions of the adjacent transmission belts 35 are opposite, and blanking baffles 33 are arranged between the adjacent transmission belts 35;
convection heating device includes heater 41, air-blower 43 and combustion chamber 44, heater 41 installs in organism 36, air-blower 43 has a plurality ofly and the equidistance sets up in organism 36 both sides, and the air-blower 43 air outlet of both sides all is located organism 36 and crisscross setting, the combustion chamber sets up in the bottom of organism 36 and combustion chamber 44 and organism 36 inner chamber intercommunication.
In this embodiment, electric flashboard 16 is installed at the feed opening, fixed connection support 12 on the storage tank 11, set up weighing sensor 13 between support 12 and the ground, the hierarchical pore diameter that is located and sets up on the outer sieve section of thick bamboo is 27mm, and the hierarchical pore diameter that is located on the sieve section of thick bamboo of inlayer is 39mm, and is two-layer the equal activity of open end of sieve section of thick bamboo is provided with the shutoff board, hierarchical section of thick bamboo is rotatory by first motor 15 drive, and the coaxial fixed connection of two-layer sieve section of thick bamboo is on a drum shaft, just the drum shaft passes through bearing and bearing frame gyration and installs at storage tank 11 top, and the output shaft and the drum shaft transmission of first motor 15 are connected. The plugging plate is fixed by a bolt, and one side of the grading cylinder 14 on which the plugging plate is arranged is slightly higher. When screening the oil tea fruit, open earlier that the shutoff board packs the oil tea fruit to the packing in the inlayer sieve section of thick bamboo, close the shutoff board, open 15 sieve section of thick bamboos of first motor and rotate in step, the oil tea fruit that is less than 27mm fruit footpath drops in storage tank 11, the oil tea fruit that is in 27-39mm within range fruit footpath is deposited between inlayer sieve section of thick bamboo and outer sieve section of thick bamboo, the oil tea fruit that is greater than 39mm fruit footpath all remains in the inlayer sieve section of thick bamboo, thereby rationally realized the classification to the oil tea fruit, the oil tea fruit of sieving out in the two-layer sieve section of thick bamboo is through opening the artifical play of shutoff board to storage tank 11, the oil tea fruit after accomplishing in grades can be sent into hierarchical after-ripening processing apparatus according to the order of little big or small and carry out after-ripening processing.
In this embodiment, the feeding device includes a frame 24, a second motor 23 and a feeding belt 25, the feeding belt 25 is rotatably installed on the frame 24, the feeding belt 25 is composed of a translation portion and a climbing portion, the frame 24 is composed of a plurality of groups of support pillars with different lengths, a plurality of transmission shafts 27 are arranged on the feeding belt 25, the plurality of transmission shafts 27 are connected through a first transmission chain 22, feeding baffles 21 are arranged on two sides of the feeding belt 25, the second motor 23 is fixedly installed on the feeding baffles 21, an output shaft of the second motor 23 is connected with one transmission shaft 27, and a plurality of scraping plates 26 are equidistantly arranged on the feeding belt 25 along a direction perpendicular to the feeding baffles 21.
In this embodiment, a feeding port 32 is formed in the top of the machine body 36, the translation portion on the feeding belt 25 is located right below the discharging port, the climbing portion on the feeding belt 25 is communicated with the feeding port 32, two chain wheels 39 are arranged at two ends of the conveying belt 35 and drive the conveying belt 35 to operate through the chain wheels 39, the two chain wheels 39 on the same conveying belt 35 are in transmission connection through a second transmission chain 34, the driving mechanism includes a third motor 31 and a plurality of transmission gears, the third motor 31 is fixedly installed on the machine body 36, an output shaft of the third motor 31 is fixedly connected with one of the transmission gears, the chain wheels 39 are rotatably installed in the machine body 36 through a wheel shaft, one transmission gear is fixedly sleeved on the wheel shaft on the same side, and the plurality of transmission gears are sequentially meshed and connected. Three conveying belts 35 corresponding to the first-stage treatment cavity are driven by one third motor 31, and two conveying belts 35 corresponding to the second-stage treatment cavity are driven by the other third motor 31, so that the conveying speed of the conveying belts 35 during two-stage treatment can be respectively controlled, and the oil tea fruit stacking thickness on the conveying belts 35 can be conveniently adjusted.
In this embodiment, the discharging ends of the circumferential sides of the conveyor belts 35 are provided with discharging baffles 33 for preventing oil tea fruits from falling, the two-stage treatment cavity is provided with a microwave dryer 310, the machine body 36 is provided with a condenser 311 communicated to the one-stage treatment cavity, the outer side of the machine body 36 is provided with an operating table and a ladder 312, the machine body 36 is provided with an observation hole 313, one side of the machine body 36 is provided with a sealing door 37, and one side of the bottom of the machine body 36 is provided with a discharging hole 38.
In this embodiment, a temperature and humidity display 42 for displaying temperature and humidity in the machine body 36 is disposed on the machine body 36, a heater 41 and a blower 43 are disposed at the first-stage treatment chamber and the second-stage treatment chamber, and the heater 41 and the blower 43 corresponding to the first-stage treatment chamber and the second-stage treatment chamber are independently controlled to be turned on and off.
In this embodiment, the control system includes a control panel and a PLC controller, and a control signal output end of the PLC controller in the control system is electrically connected to the first motor 15, the second motor 23, the third motor 31, the electric shutter 16, the condenser 311, the microwave dryer 310, the heater 41, and the blower 43. The temperature and humidity display 41 is connected with a signal input end of the PLC through a control panel, the control panel is connected with the PLC, and real-time temperature and humidity data are displayed in the control panel and control information is input.
In this embodiment, the thickness of the body 36 is not less than 4cm and heat-insulating treatment is performed with heat-insulating cotton. The top of the machine body 36 is provided with an exhaust hole which is mainly beneficial to timely exhausting water vapor in the after-ripening process of the oil-tea camellia fruits. The steam discharge hole is connected to the condenser 311, and water and steam are separated by the condenser 311. The sealing doors 37 are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the machine body 36 in the length direction, can be opened and closed repeatedly, have good sealing performance and thickness not less than 4cm, and are subjected to heat preservation treatment by heat preservation cotton. The observation holes 313 are made of transparent toughened glass and are distributed on two sides and two ends of the machine body 36, and the number of the observation holes 313 can be set according to actual conditions for observing the internal conditions by naked eyes. The operation tables are provided at both sides and ends and connected by the ladder 312, and are mainly used for production operation and equipment maintenance.
During use, the oil tea fruits with different fruit diameters are screened by the grading cylinder 14 to form different batches, the oil tea fruits with different batches are sequentially sent to the grading after-ripening treatment device through the feeding device, are conveyed downwards step by step on the conveying belt 35 in the first-stage treatment cavity and the second-stage treatment cavity, are heated and air-dried through the heater 41 and the blower 43, redundant water vapor is discharged through the condenser 311, and are dried through the microwave dryer 310 in the second-stage treatment cavity, and the oil tea fruits after the treatment time are discharged through the discharge hole 38.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment method for fresh oil tea fruits, which comprises the following operation steps:
s1, oil tea fruit grading: the oil tea fruits are screened into three batches of large, medium and small fruits in a storage device through a grading cylinder 14 according to the fruit diameters of less than 27mm, 27-39mm and more than 39mm, and the oil tea fruits are sequentially conveyed into a machine body 36 of a grading after-ripening treatment device through a feeding device after screening is finished according to the sequence of the small, medium and large fruits;
s2, manufacturing an anoxic closed environment: combusting the biomass fuel in the combustion chamber 44 to consume oxygen to create an oxygen deficient environment to inhibit the oxidation reaction rate during the after-ripening of the camellia oleifera fruit;
s3, heating and temperature rising: when the small fruits are subjected to after-ripening treatment, the temperature in the machine body 36 is controlled to be 55 ℃ by the heater 41 in the first-stage treatment cavity to perform first-stage after-ripening treatment for 20 hours, the small fruits are dried until the water content is 60% -70%, and the stacking height of the oil-tea camellia fruits on each layer of the conveying belt 35 is 10 cm;
when the medium fruit after-ripening treatment is carried out, the temperature in the machine body 36 is controlled to be 60 ℃ by the heater 41 in the first-stage treatment cavity to carry out the first-stage after-ripening treatment for 30 hours, the medium fruit is dried to the water content of 60-70%, and the oil tea fruit stacking height on each layer of the transmission belt 35 is 10 cm;
when the big fruit is subjected to after-ripening treatment, the temperature in the machine body 36 is controlled to be 70 ℃ by the heater 43 in the first-stage treatment cavity to carry out first-stage after-ripening treatment for 45 hours, the medium fruit is dried to the water content of 60-70%, and the oil tea fruit stacking height on each layer of the transmission belt 35 is 15 cm;
s4, air blowing humidity reduction: when the small fruit is processed, the ventilation amount of the blower 43 is controlled to be 500m 3 H; the ventilation rate of the blower 43 is 600m during the treatment 3 H,; when processing big fruit, the ventilation rate of the blower 43 is 700m 3 /h；
S5, microwave heating and drying: when small fruits are treated, performing secondary after-ripening treatment in a secondary treatment cavity, heating for 6min by microwave with the frequency of 2450MHz at the heating temperature of 60 ℃ until the water content is 10-15%, and enabling the water content of the oil tea fruits to be lower than 15% by the accumulation height of 20cm of the oil tea fruits on each layer of the transmission belt 35;
when fruits are processed, the fruits are heated for 6min by microwaves with the frequency of 2550MHz, the heating temperature is 70 ℃, the fruits are processed until the water content is 10-15%, and the stacking height of the oil tea fruits on each layer of the transmission belt 35 is 20 cm;
when big fruits are treated, the big fruits are heated for 6min by microwaves with the frequency of 2650MHz, the heating temperature is 80 ℃, the big fruits are treated until the water content is 10-15%, and the stacking height of the oil tea fruits on each layer of the transmission belt 35 is 25 cm.
S6, discharging the oil tea fruit after microwave heating and drying from the discharge port 38.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The continuous efficient grading after-ripening processing equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits is characterized by comprising a storage device, a feeding device, a grading after-ripening processing device, a convection heating device and a control system, wherein the storage device conveys the oil-tea camellia fruits into the grading after-ripening processing device through the feeding device, and the grading after-ripening processing device is provided with the convection heating device;
the material storage device comprises a material storage tank (11) and a grading cylinder (14), wherein the material storage tank (11) is funnel-shaped, the grading cylinder (14) is arranged in the material storage tank (11) in a rotating mode, the grading cylinder (14) is composed of two layers of screen cylinders which are nested inside and outside, grading holes are formed in the two layers of screen cylinders, a discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the material storage tank (11), and one end of the feeding device is arranged right below the discharging opening;
the feeding device is a belt feeding machine;
the grading after-ripening processing device comprises a machine body (36), a driving mechanism and a conveying belt (35), wherein the machine body (36) is divided into a first-stage processing cavity above and a second-stage processing cavity below, the first-stage processing cavity and the second-stage processing cavity are communicated through a transfer port, the conveying belt (35) is arranged in the first-stage processing cavity and the second-stage processing cavity in parallel in multiple layers, the conveying belt (35) is in transmission connection with the driving mechanism, the conveying directions of adjacent conveying belts (35) are opposite, and a blanking baffle (33) is arranged between the adjacent conveying belts (35);
convection heating device includes heater (41), air-blower (43) and combustion chamber (44), install in organism (36) heater (41), air-blower (43) have a plurality ofly and the equidistance sets up in organism (36) both sides, and air-blower (43) air outlet of both sides all is located organism (36) and crisscross setting, the combustion chamber sets up in the bottom of organism (36) and combustion chamber (44) and organism (36) inner chamber intercommunication.
2. The continuous efficient grading and after-ripening processing equipment for fresh oil tea fruits according to claim 1, wherein an electric flashboard (16) is installed at the discharge opening, a support (12) is fixedly connected to the storage tank (11), a weight sensor (13) is arranged between the support (12) and the ground, the diameter of a grading hole formed in an outer sieve cylinder is 39mm, the diameter of a grading hole formed in an inner sieve cylinder is 27mm, two layers of blocking plates are movably arranged at the opening end of each sieve cylinder, and the grading cylinders (14) are driven to rotate by a first motor (15).
3. The continuous high-efficiency grading after-ripening processing equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the feeding device comprises a frame (24), a second motor (23) and a feeding belt (25), the feeding belt (25) is rotatably arranged on the rack (24), the feeding belt (25) consists of a translation part and a climbing part, the rack (24) is composed of a plurality of groups of support columns with different lengths, a plurality of transmission shafts (27) are arranged on the feeding belt (25), the transmission shafts (27) are connected through a first transmission chain (22), the two sides of the feeding belt (25) are provided with feeding baffles (21), a second motor (23) is fixedly arranged on the feeding baffles (21), the output shaft of the second motor (23) is connected with a transmission shaft (27), a plurality of scraping plates (26) are arranged on the feeding belt (25) along the equal distance perpendicular to the feeding baffle (21).
4. The continuous efficient grading and after-ripening processing equipment for fresh oil tea fruits according to claim 3, wherein a feeding port (32) is formed in the top of the machine body (36), the translation part on the feeding belt (25) is located right below the discharging port, the climbing part on the feeding belt (25) is communicated with the feeding port (32), two chain wheels (39) are arranged at two ends of the conveying belt (35) and drive the conveying belt (35) to run through the chain wheels (39), the two chain wheels (39) on the same conveying belt (35) are in transmission connection through a second transmission chain (34), the driving mechanism comprises a third motor (31) and a plurality of transmission gears, the third motor (31) is fixedly installed on the machine body (36), the output shaft of the third motor (31) is fixedly connected with one of the transmission gears, the chain wheels (39) are rotatably installed in the machine body (36) through a wheel shaft, and a transmission gear is fixedly sleeved on the wheel shaft on the same side, and the transmission gears are sequentially meshed and connected.
5. The continuous efficient grading and after-ripening equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits according to claim 4, wherein one end of the conveyor belt (35) except the discharging end is provided with a blanking baffle (33) for preventing the oil-tea camellia fruits from falling, a microwave dryer (310) is arranged in the two-stage treatment cavity, the machine body (36) is provided with a condenser (311) communicated to the one-stage treatment cavity, the outer side of the machine body (36) is provided with an operating table and a ladder (312), the machine body (36) is provided with an observation hole (313), one side of the machine body (36) is provided with a sealing door (37), and the bottom of the machine body (36) is provided with a discharging hole (38)).
6. The continuous efficient grading after-ripening equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits according to claim 1, wherein a temperature and humidity display (42) for displaying the temperature and humidity in the machine body (36) is arranged on the machine body (36), a heater (41) and a blower (43) are arranged at each of the first-stage treatment chamber and the second-stage treatment chamber, and the heater (41) and the blower (43) corresponding to the first-stage treatment chamber and the second-stage treatment chamber are independently controlled to be opened and closed.
7. The continuous efficient grading after-ripening equipment for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits according to claim 1, wherein the control system comprises a control panel and a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the control system is electrically connected with the first motor (15), the second motor (23), the third motor (31), the condenser (311), the electric shutter plate (16), the microwave dryer (310), the temperature and humidity display (41), the heater (41) and the blower (43).
8. A continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment method for fresh oil tea fruits is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:
s1, oil tea fruit grading: screening oil tea fruits into three batches of large, medium and small according to the fruit diameter of less than 27mm, 27-39mm and more than 39mm in a storage device, and sending the oil tea fruits into a grading after-ripening treatment device after screening is finished; forming different after-ripening temperatures in the grading after-ripening processing device within the temperature range of 50-80 ℃ according to different fruit diameter batches, and forming different after-ripening temperatures in the range of 500-700 m according to different fruit diameter batches 3 The ventilation volume range of/h forms different ventilation volumes in the grading after-ripening treatment device;
s2, manufacturing an anoxic closed environment: a combustion chamber (44) is communicated with the grading after-ripening treatment device, and biomass fuel is combusted in the combustion chamber (44) to consume oxygen to produce an anoxic environment;
s3, heating and temperature rising: controlling the temperature in the machine body (36) through a heater (41), wherein the after-ripening time is 12-48 h;
s4, air blowing humidity reduction: the humidity in the machine body (36) is linearly reduced at the speed of 5%/24 h-6%/24 h by blowing air through the blower (43);
s5, microwave heating and drying: heating and drying the oil tea fruit for 6min by a microwave dryer (310) to ensure that the water content of the oil tea fruit is lower than 15%.
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| CN202210553784.5A CN114886071A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil tea fruits |
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| CN202210553784.5A CN114886071A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Continuous efficient grading after-ripening treatment equipment and method for fresh oil tea fruits |
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