CN112920890A - Pretreatment process for fresh oil tea fruits - Google Patents
Pretreatment process for fresh oil tea fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN112920890A CN112920890A CN202110230243.4A CN202110230243A CN112920890A CN 112920890 A CN112920890 A CN 112920890A CN 202110230243 A CN202110230243 A CN 202110230243A CN 112920890 A CN112920890 A CN 112920890A
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000233948 Typha Species 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 39
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 39
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021022 fresh fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
Abstract
The invention discloses a pretreatment process for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, which mainly adopts a pretreatment process for fresh oil-tea camellia fruits, wherein a plurality of dryable bins are used for heating water of tea fruits and tea seeds in the bins by burning tea cattail biomass at 35-60 ℃, a husking machine is used for peeling the cattail seeds, and a seed cleaning machine is used for separating the cattail seeds. Solves the technical problems that fresh oil tea fruits are turned over and dried by natural sunlight, are influenced by weather, can not be treated in rainy days to cause the rottenness of the oil tea fruits and the quality of the tea seeds to be poor. The technical problems of storage and drying of fresh oil tea fruits, separation of cattail seeds, drying and storage of tea seeds and comprehensive utilization of tea cattail are solved, and industrial large-scale production of oil tea industry processing is realized; meanwhile, the technical problem that tea seeds are stored safely and are not heated before being processed, the quality of the tea seeds is guaranteed, the oil yield is improved, and the processing cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an oil-making process of camellia seed oil, in particular to a pretreatment process of a camellia seed cold-pressing oil-making process.
Background
At present, the pretreatment of fresh oil tea fruits mainly depends on natural sunlight for tedding, and the fresh oil tea fruits are affected by weather, cannot be treated in rainy days to cause the rottenness of the oil tea fruits, and the quality of the oil tea seeds is poor. The cracked fresh fruits after being tedded are separated by manpower or a seed cleaning machine, the tea seeds are dried by an oven, the labor intensity is high, the energy consumption is high, the cost is high, the storage site requirement is huge, and a complete set of pretreatment process is not available.
The invention discloses a Chinese authorization notice number CN 104212628B, and provides camellia seed cold-pressed tea oil and a processing technology thereof, wherein the processing technology comprises the following steps: 1. pretreatment of camellia seeds: fresh camellia oleifera fruit → peel and peel separation → fresh camellia oleifera seeds → low-temperature drying → storage; the fresh camellia seeds are dried at low temperature within 4 hours, and the low-temperature preservation temperature is 5-10 ℃; the drying temperature is controlled within 70 ℃, the moisture is controlled within 6-10%, and the mixture is stored in a low-temperature warehouse to be processed.
The technical scheme of this patent ensures to a certain extent that the fresh fruit of tea-oil camellia retts the heap and does not generate heat and milden and rot, nevertheless makes the interior grease composition of fruit fully after-ripening, influences the oil yield of tea-oil camellia production, and the low temperature is preserved the shortcoming that the energy consumption is high.
The invention mainly adopts a storage bin capable of being dried to heat the moisture of tea fruits and tea seeds in the storage bin by using hot air at 35-60 ℃ through burning of tea cattail biomass, the cattail seeds are peeled off by a husking machine, the cattail seeds are separated by a seed cleaning machine, a drying tower is not needed, the storage bin has the functions of storage and drying, the storage of fresh fruits and seeds and the drying of fresh fruits and seeds are both solved, the investment and production fields are reduced, the transportation is realized through conveying equipment, the efficiency is high, the tea seeds are guaranteed not to mildew, the quality is good, the oil yield is improved, the processing cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is remarkable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tea oil processing method which is low in energy consumption, high in oil yield and good in retention of natural active ingredients of tea oil.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a pretreatment process for fresh oil tea fruits comprises the following steps:
s1 the fresh oil tea fruit enters a bin through a climbing machine, a winnowing impurity removal machine and a discharging machine, two layers of air nets are arranged in the bin, and natural air and hot air are introduced;
s2 introducing natural wind into the fresh oil tea fruit in a storage bin, and after the fresh oil tea fruit is fresh, ripening for 72-120 hours;
s3 introducing cold and hot air into the post-ripe fresh oil tea fruits for alternative blowing;
s4, conveying the fresh oil tea fruits subjected to the burst hulls into a blade husking machine through conveying equipment to be husked;
s5, feeding the peeled materials into a separating screen;
s6 hot air drying the seed cattail mixed material;
s7, performing secondary separation on the seed hulls, feeding the seed hull mixed material with the water content less than or equal to 20% into a seed cleaning machine through conveying equipment to perform seed hull separation, separating the seed hulls by adopting a lint hull dipping principle, feeding the cleaned seeds into a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, and using the hulls as a biomass fuel raw material;
the shell content in the seed is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the seed content in the shell is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s8, cleaning seeds, putting the cleaned seeds into a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, introducing hot air at 35 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10%, and then introducing natural air for cooling; and (4) introducing natural wind for 1 hour per day for fresh-keeping and storage of the dry seeds, and cooling.
Preferably, the cold air and the hot air are alternately blown by 60 ℃ hot air for 16 hours, then are blown by natural air for 8 hours for cooling, and then are blown by 60 ℃ hot air for 16 hours, and then are blown by natural air for 8 hours for cooling.
Preferably, the blade husking machine cuts the cattail and disperses the cattail seeds by a blade which can rotate around a pin shaft, wherein the seed breaking rate is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the cattail breaking rate is more than 99.9%.
Preferably, the separating screen separates the materials to obtain 4 materials,
a. the seed content of the large cattail is less than or equal to 0.1 percent when the diameter of the large cattail is more than 28mm,
b. small impurities with the diameter of less than 6mm,
c. seed cattail mixed material, the cattail content in the seeds is less than or equal to 45 percent,
d. fruit, the content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the seed and cattail mixed material enters a drying bin, the big cattail and the small cattail are used as biomass fuel raw materials, and the fruit enters a husking machine for husking and separating again.
Preferably, the hot air drying is to send hot air at 50 ℃ to the seed cattail silo for 24 hours, and then dry the seeds and cattail for 24 hours at 40 ℃ so that the water content of the seeds and cattail catt.
Preferably, the hot air is provided by a tea cattail biomass fuel hot-blast stove.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the innovation point is as follows: the technical problems that fresh oil tea fruits are turned over and dried by natural sunlight, the fresh oil tea fruits are affected by weather, the fresh oil tea fruits cannot be treated in rainy days, the oil tea fruits are rotten, and the quality of tea seeds is deteriorated to cause heavy loss are solved in an industrialized mode. Meanwhile, the technical problems of storage place before processing of tea seeds and safe storage without heating and brewing are solved, the oil yield is improved and the quality of the tea seeds is guaranteed by alternately blowing the fresh tea seeds for 72-120 hours by natural wind and cold and hot wind, the fresh tea seeds are cooled by introducing the natural wind for 1 hour every day during fresh storage of dry seeds, and the processing cost is reduced; wherein the acid value of the oil is less than 1mgKOH/g, and the peroxide value is less than 0.3 mmol/kg.
The innovation point is two: the technical problem of fresh oil tea fruit husking is solved, oil tea fruit burst hulls are conveyed to a developed equipment husking machine, the hulls are cut through blades capable of rotating around pin shafts and are dispersed with seeds to completely separate the fruit hulls from the seeds, mixed products of the fruit hulls and the oil tea seeds are obtained, the seed breaking rate of the blade husking machine is lower than 0.3%, the hull breaking rate is higher than 99.9%, the oil tea seeds and the oil tea hulls are separated in a maximized mode, and meanwhile the high quality of the oil tea seeds is guaranteed.
The innovation points are as follows: through tertiary stoving, reduce heat energy consumption. The popped cattail of first-order tea fruit is dried, and big cattail gets rid of back small cattail and seed and carries out the second level and dry, and the small cattail gets rid of the net seed tertiary of back and dries, reduces the stoving of heat energy to the cattail, adopts tea fruit cattail living beings heat energy, and is pollution-free, environmental protection.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the pretreatment process of fresh oil tea fruits of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bin air net of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the ducted duct of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the blade decorticator of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the bottom fence structure of the blade decorticator of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the separating screen of the present invention;
wherein: 10-a fan interface; 11-longitudinal main tube; 12-V interlayer air duct; 13-transversely dividing the pipe; 14-V-shaped fish scale ventilating plates;
51-a drive wheel disc; 52-a housing; 53-rotating blade; 54-a disc; 55-a drive shaft; 56-outer disc pin shaft; 57-fence
531-blade axis; 532-blade; 533-sleeving the shaft;
70-a feed inlet; 71-outer layer of cylindrical screen; 72-a drive shaft; 73-a first discharge hole; 74-a second discharge hole; 75-a third discharge hole; 76-discharge port IV; 77-inner layer of cylindrical screen.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1, it is a flow chart of the technical solution of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the structure of the air net of the storage bin comprises a fan interface pipe 10 of a fan interface pipe, a longitudinal main pipe 11, a V-shaped laminated air duct 12 and a transverse branch pipe 13, air is input into the longitudinal main pipe 11 and the V-shaped laminated air duct 12 from the fan interface 10, and then hot and cold air is conveyed to the transverse branch pipe 13 from the longitudinal main pipe 11; the bottom of the bin is provided with a V-shaped interlayer air duct, and the V-shaped bin bottom is provided with a V-shaped fish scale ventilating plate 14; the arrangement of the V-shaped fish scale ventilating plate 14 is beneficial to the ventilation of the bottom of the V-shaped bin.
Wherein, vertical main pipe 11 is the ventilation pipe, and intermediate layer wind channel 12 is close to the inside material part and is the fish scale ventilating board, and the intermediate layer wind channel 12 outside is the steel sheet, and horizontal branch pipe 13 is the fish scale net ventilation pipe.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the blade decorticator includes a driving wheel disk 51, a driving shaft 55, a housing 52, a rotary blade 53, a disk 54, and an outer disk pin 56.
The driving wheel disc 51 is used for driving a driving shaft 55, the driving shaft 55 is provided with a plurality of equidistant discs 54, the periphery of each disc 54 is respectively provided with outer disc pin shafts 56 with equal circle distances, and the rotating blades 53 are arranged on the outer disc pin shafts 56 which are divided into equal parts by the discs 54.
The rotary blade 53 is composed of a blade shaft 531, a blade 532 and two sleeving shafts 533, and the blade shaft 531 and the two sleeving shafts 533 form a U-shaped frame sleeved on the outer disk pin 56.
The upper end of the shell 52 is provided with a feeding port for feeding, and the lower part of the shell is provided with a fence 57 for falling of the shelled materials.
Specifically, the camellia oleifera fruit burst hulls subjected to cold and hot air alternative blowing are conveyed to a husking machine, hulls are cut through blades capable of rotating around pin shafts, seeds are dispersed, fruit hulls and seeds are completely separated, and a mixed product of the fruit hulls and the camellia oleifera seeds is obtained from the bottom fence of the husking machine.
Referring to fig. 7, the separating screen includes a feed inlet 70, an outer cylindrical screen layer 71, an inner cylindrical screen layer 77, a drive shaft 72, and four lower discharge ports. The cylindrical sieve of the separating and screening machine is inclined, the inner layer and the outer layer of the cylindrical sieve are arranged, the inner layer 77 is provided with a circular hole for screening large cattails, the holes on the outer layer 71 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom from small to large, the first discharge port 73 can screen out small impurities such as chippings and small cattails, and the second discharge port 74 can screen out mixed products of medium-sized and small fruit cattails and camellia seeds; the third outlet 75 can sieve out the unbroken fruits, and the fourth outlet 76 can sieve out the large cattails.
Example one
Pretreating oil-tea camellia seeds, wherein oil-tea camellia shells are not removed in the storage and transportation process after oil-tea camellia fruits are picked; drying the screened fresh tea seeds by using a flat plate dryer and an exhaust fan within 2 hours after the tea cattails are removed, drying the tea seeds by two times,
the first drying temperature is 50-55 ℃, the drying time is 50-65 min, the moisture of the tea seeds is reduced from 35-40% to 20%,
the second drying temperature is 60-65 ℃, and the drying time is 45-55 min, and the water content of the dried tea seeds is 6-10%;
the process is carried out in batches, so that the water loss of the tea seeds is uniform, and the drying efficiency is improved.
And (4) preserving the dried tea seeds at a low temperature of 5-10 ℃.
The experimental research shows that the peroxide value of fresh camellia seeds can be controlled within 0.6 (national standard within 1.0) within 4 hours through the acid value of the process and is 2.0; meanwhile, the fresh stacking thickness after cattail removal is required to be not more than 10 centimeters.
Example two
1. Fresh oil tea fruits enter a bin through a climbing machine, a winnowing impurity removal machine and a multi-point unloading machine, wherein two layers of air nets are arranged in the bin, natural air and hot air can be introduced into the bin, and the hot air is provided by a tea cattail biomass fuel hot-blast stove (see the figure 2, the figure 3 and the figure 4);
2. introducing natural wind into the fresh oil tea fruits in a storage bin for fresh keeping and after-ripening for 72-120 hours, so as to ensure that the retted piles of the fresh oil tea fruits do not generate heat and mildew, fully synthesize oil and fat components in the fruits, and improve the oil content of the after-ripened fruits by 3-5%;
3. through production experiments, after post-ripening fresh oil tea fruits are introduced with 60 ℃ hot air for 16 hours, natural air is introduced for 8 hours for cooling, then 60 ℃ hot air is introduced for 16 hours, and natural air is introduced for 8 hours for cooling; cold and hot air are blown alternately for 48 hours in total, so that the fresh oil tea fruits are cracked and burst through cold and hot shrinkage and expansion, and the best after-ripening effect is enhanced;
4. the fresh oil tea fruits subjected to the burst are conveyed into a blade husking machine through conveying equipment, the burst and seeds are scattered through a blade capable of rotating around a pin shaft, the husking capacity is 300 tons per day, the seed breaking rate is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the burst rate is more than 99.9% (see fig. 5 and 6);
5. the peeled materials enter a separating screen to obtain 4 materials, wherein a, the seed content of the large cattail is more than 28mm, the seed content of the large cattail is less than or equal to 0.1%, b, the small cattail with the diameter of less than 6mm, c, the seed cattail are mixed materials, the seed content is less than or equal to 45%, and d, the fruit content is less than or equal to 0.1%. The seed and cattail mixed material enters a drying bin, the large cattail and the small cattail are used as biomass fuel raw materials, and the fruit enters a husking machine for husking and separating again (see figure 7).
Table 1: the technical indexes of the fresh oil tea fruit after the steps 4 and 5 are as follows:
6. the seed and cattail mixed material is dried, hot air at 50 ℃ is sent to a seed and cattail bin for 24 hours through experiments, and then hot air drying at 40 ℃ is changed for 24 hours, so that the moisture removal efficiency is higher, the energy consumption is low, and the water content of the seed and cattail is less than or equal to 20 percent.
7. And (3) performing secondary separation on the seed and the cattail, wherein a seed and cattail mixed material with the water content less than or equal to 20% enters a seed cleaning machine through conveying equipment to perform seed and cattail separation, the seed and cattail are separated by adopting a shell wetting principle of lint, the cleaned seeds enter a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, and the cattail is used as a biomass fuel raw material. The shell content in the seed is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the seed content in the shell is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
8. and (3) putting the cleaned seeds into a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, introducing hot air at 35 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10%, and then introducing natural air for cooling. The dry seeds are stored and cooled by introducing natural wind for 1 hour every day, so that the seeds are not mildewed and oxidized before processing, wherein the acid value of oil is: <1mgKOH/g, peroxide value <0.3 mmol/kg.
The process can reduce the processing energy consumption, improve the oil yield and the product quality, equivalently increase the planting area and improve the economic income; and simultaneously improves the quality (see table 2 in particular).
| Serial number | Oil acid value (mgKOH/g) | Peroxide number (mmol/kg) | Remarks for note |
| Example one | 0．8 | 2．3 | |
| Example two | <1 | <0.3 |
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that the peroxide value is less than 0.3mmol/kg, the product quality is greatly reduced, and the product quality is further improved on the basis of improving the yield by 3-5% and reducing the energy consumption.
Claims (6)
1. A pretreatment process for fresh oil tea fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 the fresh oil tea fruits enter a bin through a climbing machine, a winnowing impurity removal machine and a multipoint unloading machine, wherein an air net is arranged in the bin, and natural air and hot air are introduced;
s2 fresh oil tea fruits are filled with natural wind in a storage bin for fresh keeping and after-ripening for 72-120 hours;
s3 introducing cold and hot air into the post-ripe fresh oil tea fruits for alternative blowing;
s4, conveying the fresh oil tea fruits subjected to the burst hulls into a blade husking machine through conveying equipment to be husked;
s5, feeding the peeled materials into a separating screen;
s6 hot air drying the seed cattail mixed material,
s7, performing secondary separation on the seed hulls, feeding the seed hull mixed material with the water content less than or equal to 20% into a seed cleaning machine through conveying equipment to perform seed hull separation, separating the seed hulls by adopting a lint hull dipping principle, feeding the cleaned seeds into a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, and using the hulls as a biomass fuel raw material;
the shell content in the seed is less than or equal to 0.3 percent, and the seed content in the shell is less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
s8, cleaning seeds, putting the cleaned seeds into a seed drying and fresh-keeping bin, introducing hot air at 35 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the moisture content of the seeds is less than or equal to 10%, and then introducing natural air for cooling; and (4) introducing natural wind for 1 hour per day for fresh-keeping and storage of the dry seeds, and cooling.
2. The pretreatment process of fresh oil tea fruits according to claim 1, wherein the cold and hot air are alternately blown by 60 ℃ hot air for 16 hours, then are blown by natural air for 8 hours for cooling, and then are blown by 60 ℃ hot air for 16 hours, and then are blown by natural air for 8 hours for cooling; .
3. The pretreatment process of fresh camellia oleifera fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blade husker cuts and disperses the cattail with the seeds by a blade which can rotate around a pin shaft, wherein the seed breaking rate is less than or equal to 0.3%, and the cattail breaking rate is more than 99.9%.
4. The pretreatment process of fresh oil tea fruits according to claim 1, wherein the separation sieve separates materials to obtain 4 materials, a large cattail with a diameter of more than 28mm, a seed content of the large cattail is less than or equal to 0.1%, b small impurities with a diameter of less than 6mm, c and cattail mixed materials, the seed content of cattail is less than or equal to 45%, d and fruit content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the seed and cattail mixed material enters a drying bin, the big cattail and the small cattail are used as biomass fuel raw materials, and the fruit enters a husking machine for husking and separating again.
5. The pretreatment process of fresh oil tea fruits according to claim 1, wherein the hot air drying is carried out by sending hot air at 50 ℃ to a seed cattail bin for 24 hours, and then drying the seeds and cattail at 40 ℃ for 24 hours, so that the water content of the seeds and cattail is less than or equal to 20%.
6. The pretreatment process of fresh camellia oleifera fruits according to claim 1, wherein the hot air is provided by a biomass fuel hot-blast stove for camellia oleifera fruits.
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| CN113789217A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2021-12-14 | 江西农业大学 | Cattail seed mixture intelligence splitter based on dry cattail that explodes of tea-oil camellia fruit |
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| CN113913239A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-01-11 | 湖南万木春油茶发展有限公司 | Grading type shelling, screening, cleaning and drying mode for fresh oil tea fruits |
| CN114276865A (en) * | 2021-11-14 | 2022-04-05 | 湖南万木春油茶发展有限公司 | Pretreatment process for fresh oil tea fruits and transportation system thereof |
| CN113789217A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2021-12-14 | 江西农业大学 | Cattail seed mixture intelligence splitter based on dry cattail that explodes of tea-oil camellia fruit |
| CN113789217B (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-01-25 | 江西农业大学 | Cattail seed mixture intelligence splitter based on dry cattail that explodes of tea-oil camellia fruit |
| CN115153042A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-10-11 | 湖南日恋茶油股份有限公司 | Fresh fruit of tea-oil camellia explodes pu device |
| CN115153042B (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2023-08-25 | 湖南日恋茶油股份有限公司 | Fresh fruit explosion device for oil tea |
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Application publication date: 20210608 |