CN114885750A - Preparation method of pleurotus eryngii culture medium - Google Patents
Preparation method of pleurotus eryngii culture medium Download PDFInfo
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- 244000252132 Pleurotus eryngii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 235000001681 Pleurotus eryngii Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000015099 wheat brans Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000758789 Juglans Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 corncobs Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a pleurotus eryngii culture medium, and particularly relates to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii culture media, wherein the pleurotus eryngii culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum and 5-10 parts of perlite particles. According to the invention, the ceramsite, the sphagnum and the perlite particles are added into the raw materials of the culture medium, so that the pleurotus eryngii can stably grow in the environment with good temperature and humidity, nutritional ingredients and air, the rapid decomposition of the raw materials for preparing the culture medium can be accelerated through the decomposing agent, the pleurotus eryngii hyphae can comprehensively absorb the nutrients decomposed by the culture medium, and the pleurotus eryngii can be prevented from being damaged by mosquitoes, flies and nematodes by utilizing the insect inhibitor, so that the pleurotus eryngii has the advantages of good color, large mushroom shape, short growth cycle and the like after growing, and the waste is changed into valuable, and the waste of resources is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pleurotus eryngii culture media, in particular to a preparation method of a pleurotus eryngii culture medium.
Background
Pleurotus eryngii, also called Pleurotus eryngii, is a new rare edible mushroom species which is successfully developed and cultivated in recent years and integrates edible, medicinal and dietary therapy into a whole, and is rich in nutrition, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins and mineral substances such as calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc and the like, the protein contains 18 amino acids, and the Pleurotus eryngii with 8 amino acids which are necessary for human bodies is all provided with the protein.
Because of high edible value, more and more farmers culture and plant pleurotus eryngii on a large scale at present, the nutrients of the pleurotus eryngii are selectively absorbed from a culture medium by the self, the quality of the pleurotus eryngii is directly influenced by the ratio of the nutrient components of the culture medium, and the pleurotus eryngii obtained by planting the conventional pleurotus eryngii culture medium is not uniform in size and poor in color, is easily damaged by insects, and influences the growth and the growth cycle of the pleurotus eryngii.
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium, the pleurotus eryngii culture medium is rich in nutrient components and beneficial to growth of pleurotus eryngii, and meanwhile, the preparation method can change waste into valuable and improve the utilization rate of resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a preparation method of a pleurotus eryngii culture medium, which is characterized in that ceramsite, sphagnum and perlite particles are added into raw materials, so that pleurotus eryngii can grow in a good temperature and humidity and air environment, and meanwhile, a decomposition microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor are used, so that the pleurotus eryngii can better absorb nutrients in the culture medium during a hypha period, the production and development of the pleurotus eryngii are promoted, the production cycle of the pleurotus eryngii is shortened, meanwhile, the pleurotus eryngii can be prevented from being damaged by mosquitoes, flies and nematodes during growth, the good color formation of the surface of the pleurotus eryngii is ensured, and the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum, 5-10 parts of perlite particles, 3-5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 5-10 parts of insect inhibitor;
wherein the decomposition microbial inoculum is formed by mixing alcohol yeast, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing;
the insect inhibitor is prepared by mixing salt, lime and plant ash.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of wood chips, 35-45 parts of straws, 25-30 parts of corncobs, 12-15 parts of bagasse, 12-14 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-2.5 parts of gypsum, 18-20 parts of walnut shells, 18-20 parts of ceramsite, 12-15 parts of sphagnum, 6-8 parts of perlite particles, 3.5-4.5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 6-8 parts of insect inhibitor.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 18 parts of walnut shells, 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum, 7 parts of perlite particles, 4 parts of a decomposition microbial inoculum and 8 parts of an insect inhibitor.
The preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
crushing 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum and 18 parts of walnut shells by using a crusher, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture A;
step two, adding water into the mixture A obtained in the step one, mixing and stirring, and stacking and fermenting the mixture A to obtain a fermented product A;
step three, stirring and mixing 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum and 7 parts of perlite particles by a stirrer to obtain a mixture B;
step four, mixing the prepared fermentation product A and the mixture B, sequentially adding a decomposing microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor, and simultaneously mixing to obtain a raw material A;
step five, stacking the raw material A in a cone shape, adding a leavening agent for fermentation, controlling the water content in the raw material A, and sterilizing the raw material A to obtain a culture medium of pleurotus eryngii;
and step six, testing the pH value of the culture medium obtained in the step five, bagging the culture medium, and lightly tapping the surface of the bag to deposit the culture medium in the bag until the culture medium in the bag is flat.
In a preferred embodiment, when the wood chips, the straws, the corn cobs, the bagasse, the wheat bran and the gypsum are crushed, a batch crushing mode is adopted, and the crushing sequence is as follows:
the number of the broken particles of the wood chips, the straws, the corncobs, the bagasse, the wheat bran and the gypsum is 150-mesh and 200-mesh, and the rotating speeds of the crusher and the stirrer are 130 revolutions per minute and 80 revolutions per minute respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, in the second step, when the mixture a is fermented by adding water, the mixture a is divided into three piles, water with the content of 5% of the mixture a is added to each pile, the mixture is mixed once after each water addition, and the mixture is mixed in batches by using a shovel in a stirring manner.
In a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the alcohol yeast, the bacillus thuringiensis and the bacillus megaterium phosphate is 1:0.5:0.8, and the ratio of the salt, the lime and the plant ash is 1.3:0.5: 1.
In a preferred embodiment, in the fifth step, the moisture content of the raw material a can be detected by a moisture content detector, the moisture content is equal to or greater than 70%, and if the moisture content is lower than 70%, the raw material a is sprayed by a water spraying method, and the step of spraying the water is the same as the second step.
In a preferred embodiment, the wood chips are one or more of poplar, broadleaf and pine, and the straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw and sorghum straw.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. the wood chips, the straws, the corncobs, the bagasse, the wheat bran, the gypsum and the walnut shells are crushed and mixed in batches, and then the ceramsite, the sphagnum and the perlite particles are added into the mixture, so that the air permeability of the mixture can be improved by the ceramsite, and the sphagnum is matched to absorb and store water in a culture medium, so that important water resources and humidity can be provided for the growth of the pleurotus eryngii, the water receiving property of the sphagnum makes up for the air permeability of the ceramsite, further, the loss of water resources caused by the air permeability of the ceramsite is avoided, certain water resources are provided on the basis of good air permeability when the pleurotus eryngii develops, the perlite particles have certain heat preservation property, the growth environment of the pleurotus eryngii is prevented from being influenced by low temperature, further, the pleurotus eryngii is provided for growth under the environment with certain temperature and humidity and air, and the raw materials are changed into wealth, the utilization rate of resources is improved, and environmental pollution is avoided;
2. through mixing the fermentation product A and the mixture B, adding a certain decomposition microbial inoculum, the decomposition microbial inoculum can decompose the cellulose which is difficult to decompose in sawdust, straws, corncobs, bagasse, wheat bran, gypsum and walnut shells, so that the pleurotus eryngii can better absorb the nutrient substances in the culture medium during the hypha period, the production and development of the pleurotus eryngii are promoted, the production period of the pleurotus eryngii is shortened, the pleurotus eryngii has the advantage of large mushroom shape after growing, and the insect inhibitor is added, so that the pleurotus eryngii can be prevented from being damaged by mosquitoes, flies and nematodes when growing, and the surface color of the pleurotus eryngii is good.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention
Example 1, a pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum, 5-10 parts of perlite particles, 3-5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 5-10 parts of insect inhibitor;
specifically, in this embodiment, the following steps are specifically performed: 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 18 parts of walnut shells, 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum, 7 parts of perlite particles, 4 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 8 parts of insect inhibitor;
further, in the components, the decomposition microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing alcohol yeast, bacillus thuringiensis and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 1:0.5:0.8, and the insect inhibitor is prepared by mixing table salt, lime and plant ash according to the proportion of 1.3:0.5: 1;
the sawdust is prepared by using broad-leaved trees and sawdust, and the straw is formed by crushing corn straws;
on the basis, the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following steps;
step one, crushing 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum and 18 parts of walnut shells by using a crusher, stirring and mixing the crushed materials by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture A, wherein in the crushing process, a batch crushing mode is specifically adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the number of crushed particles of the wood chips, the straws, the corncobs, the bagasse, the wheat bran and the gypsum is 180 meshes, and the rotating speeds of a crusher and a stirrer are respectively 130 revolutions per minute and 80 revolutions per minute;
step two, adding water into the mixture A obtained in the step one, mixing and stirring, stacking and fermenting the mixture A to obtain a fermented product A, dividing the mixture A into three piles when adding water into the mixture A for fermentation, adding water with the content of 5% of the mixture A into each pile, mixing once after adding water each time, and mixing the mixture in batches by adopting a shovel in a stirring mode;
step three, stirring and mixing 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum and 7 parts of perlite particles by a stirrer to obtain a mixture B;
step four, mixing the prepared fermentation product A and the mixture B, sequentially adding a decomposing microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor, and simultaneously mixing to obtain a raw material A;
step five, stacking the raw material A in a cone, adding a leavening agent for fermentation, controlling the water content of the interior of the raw material A, and sterilizing the raw material A to obtain a culture medium of pleurotus eryngii, wherein the water content of the raw material A can be detected by a water content detector, the water content is not less than 70%, and once the water content is less than 70%, the raw material A is sprayed with water in a water spraying manner, and the water spraying step is the same as the step two;
and step six, testing the pH value of the culture medium obtained in the step five, bagging the culture medium, and lightly tapping the surface of the bag to deposit the culture medium in the bag until the culture medium in the bag is flat.
Embodiment 2, a pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum, 5-10 parts of perlite particles, 3-5 parts of a decomposition microbial inoculum and 5-10 parts of an insect inhibitor;
specifically, in this embodiment, the following steps are specifically performed: 35 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of straws, 25 parts of corncobs, 12 parts of bagasse, 12 parts of wheat bran, 1.8 parts of gypsum, 12 parts of walnut shells, 15 parts of ceramsite, 14 parts of sphagnum, 8 parts of perlite particles, 3.5 parts of a decomposition microbial inoculum and 8 parts of an insect inhibitor;
further, in the components, the decomposition microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing alcohol yeast, bacillus thuringiensis and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 1:0.5:0.8, and the insect inhibitor is prepared by mixing table salt, lime and plant ash according to the proportion of 1.3:0.5: 1;
the sawdust is prepared by using poplar trees and sawdust, and the straw is formed by crushing grain and wheat straws;
on the basis, the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing 35 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of straws, 25 parts of corncobs, 12 parts of bagasse, 12 parts of wheat bran, 1.8 parts of gypsum and 12 parts of walnut shells by using a crusher, stirring and mixing the crushed materials by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture A, wherein in the crushing process, a batch crushing mode is specifically adopted, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: straw, corncob, wheat bran, bagasse, gypsum and wood dust, wherein the number of crushed particles is 180 meshes, and the rotating speeds of a crusher and a stirrer are respectively 130 revolutions per minute and 80 revolutions per minute;
step two, adding water into the mixture A obtained in the step one, mixing and stirring, stacking and fermenting the mixture A to obtain a fermented product A, dividing the mixture A into three piles when adding water into the mixture A for fermentation, adding water with the content of 5% of the mixture A into each pile, mixing once after adding water each time, and mixing the mixture in batches by adopting a shovel in a stirring mode;
step three, stirring and mixing 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum and 7 parts of perlite particles by a stirrer to obtain a mixture B;
step four, mixing the prepared fermentation product A and the mixture B, sequentially adding a decomposing microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor, and simultaneously mixing to obtain a raw material A;
step five, stacking the raw material A in a cone, adding a leavening agent for fermentation, controlling the water content of the interior of the raw material A, and sterilizing the raw material A to obtain a culture medium of pleurotus eryngii, wherein the water content of the raw material A can be detected by a water content detector, the water content is not less than 70%, and once the water content is less than 70%, the raw material A is sprayed with water in a water spraying manner, and the water spraying step is the same as the step two;
and step six, testing the pH value of the culture medium obtained in the step five, bagging the culture medium, and lightly tapping the surface of the bag to deposit the culture medium in the bag until the culture medium in the bag is flat.
Example 3, a pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum, 5-10 parts of perlite particles, 3-5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 5-10 parts of insect inhibitor;
specifically, in this embodiment, the following steps are specifically performed: 45 parts of sawdust, 45 parts of straw, 30 parts of corncob, 14 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 18 parts of walnut shell, 18 parts of ceramsite, 12 parts of sphagnum, 6 parts of perlite particles, 4 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 8 parts of insect inhibitor;
further, in the components, the decomposition microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing alcohol yeast, bacillus thuringiensis and phosphorus-dissolving bacillus megaterium according to the proportion of 1:0.5:0.8, and the insect inhibitor is prepared by mixing table salt, lime and plant ash according to the proportion of 1.3:0.5: 1;
the sawdust is prepared from pine through sawdust, and the straw is formed by crushing sorghum straw;
on the basis, the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
step one, crushing 45 parts of wood chips, 45 parts of straws, 30 parts of corncobs, 14 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum and 18 parts of walnut shells by using a crusher, stirring and mixing the crushed materials by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture A, and specifically adopting a batch crushing mode in the crushing process, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: straw, corncob, gypsum, wheat bran, bagasse and wood dust, wherein the number of crushed particles is 180 meshes, and the rotating speeds of a crusher and a stirrer are respectively 130 revolutions per minute and 80 revolutions per minute;
step two, adding water into the mixture A obtained in the step one, mixing and stirring, stacking and fermenting the mixture A to obtain a fermented product A, dividing the mixture A into three piles when adding water into the mixture A for fermentation, adding water with the content of 5% of the mixture A into each pile, mixing once after adding water each time, and mixing the mixture in batches by adopting a shovel in a stirring mode;
step three, stirring and mixing 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum and 7 parts of perlite particles by a stirrer to obtain a mixture B;
step four, mixing the prepared fermentation product A and the mixture B, sequentially adding a decomposing microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor, and simultaneously mixing to obtain a raw material A;
step five, stacking the raw material A in a cone, adding a leavening agent for fermentation, controlling the water content of the interior of the raw material A, and sterilizing the raw material A to obtain a culture medium of pleurotus eryngii, wherein the water content of the raw material A can be detected by a water content detector, the water content is not less than 70%, and once the water content is less than 70%, the raw material A is sprayed with water in a water spraying manner, and the water spraying step is the same as the step two;
and step six, testing the pH value of the culture medium obtained in the step five, bagging the culture medium, and lightly tapping the surface of the bag to deposit the culture medium in the bag until the culture medium in the bag is flat.
Three pleurotus eryngii culture media can be obtained through the three groups of examples, namely example 1, example 2 and example 3, the culture media prepared in a conventional mode at present are selected as comparative examples, the four groups of culture media are respectively placed in cultivation sheds with the same air, temperature, humidity and light for pleurotus eryngii cultivation, the cultivation period is sixty days, the growth condition of the pleurotus eryngii is checked every thirty days, the cultivation quantity of the pleurotus eryngii in each group of examples is ten groups, and the results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
table 1 shows the growth of mycelium in 30 days of Pleurotus eryngii culture
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, in comparison with the examples 2 and 3 and the comparative example, the growth of Pleurotus eryngii during the hypha period is good in the following conditions, specifically, the hypha is densely distributed, the humidity reaches 65%, the temperature in the bag is 28 ℃, and the pH value is 7, wherein:
the hypha distribution is dense, which indicates that the hypha of the pleurotus eryngii can absorb water and various nutrient substances in the culture medium during the hypha period, and the formation and the development of sporocarp can be met after the period of 30 days;
the humidity in the bag is 65%, the humidity is suitable for growth and development of pleurotus eryngii hyphae, the progress of forming fruiting bodies of pleurotus eryngii can be promoted, and the growth condition of the pleurotus eryngii is improved;
the temperature in the bag is 28 ℃, which shows that the pleurotus eryngii has a good temperature environment in the hypha period, so that the pleurotus eryngii can grow normally;
the pH value is 1, which indicates that the growth environment of the pleurotus eryngii hyphae is neutral, so that the pleurotus eryngii hyphae can stably develop under the condition of acid-base balance.
Table 2 shows the growth of Pleurotus eryngii after 30 days
As can be seen from the data in table 2, in example 1, compared with example 2, example 3 and comparative example, the fruiting state of pleurotus eryngii is still good, which is characterized by large pleurotus eryngii shape, uniform distribution, 15 ℃ in the bag, 92% humidity, good mushroom surface color, no occurrence of worms, 6 PH, weak acidity, specifically:
the pleurotus eryngii is large in shape and uniform in distribution, and the pleurotus eryngii on the surface can absorb a large amount of nutrient substances in the culture medium in the fruiting and development processes and grow in the good temperature, humidity, moisture and nutrient substance environment in the growth process;
the temperature in the bag is 15 ℃, and the humidity is 92%, which shows that the pleurotus eryngii grows under the specific and proper temperature and humidity condition, so that the necessary requirements of the daily production and development of the pleurotus eryngii are met, and the culture medium can provide good temperature and moisture for the pleurotus eryngii;
the mushroom-shaped surface has good color, no insect growth condition occurs, the culture medium on the surface can achieve the effects of sterilization and insect inhibition, further, the damage of pleurotus eryngii by mushroom mosquitoes, mushroom flies and nematodes during growth is reduced, and the good color of the pleurotus eryngii surface is ensured;
the pH value is 6, and the pH value is weak acid, which shows that the necessary pH value for pleurotus eryngii fruiting can be ensured in the culture medium, so that the pleurotus eryngii can finish growing in a proper pH environment.
It can be known from table 1 and table 2 and the above data that the culture medium prepared in example 1 is used for culturing pleurotus eryngii, and can ensure that the pleurotus eryngii can provide certain humiture and nutrient substances for the pleurotus eryngii during hypha growing and fruiting, and inhibit the pleurotus eryngii from being damaged by mosquitoes, flies and nematodes, improve the color of the surface of the pleurotus eryngii, shorten the period time of the pleurotus eryngii from hypha to fruiting, ensure the pleurotus eryngii to normally grow under proper humiture, air, nutrition and acid-base balance, and change waste into valuable and reduce the waste of resources on the premise of ensuring the stable growth of the pleurotus eryngii.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A pleurotus eryngii culture medium is characterized in that: the paint specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of wood chips, 30-50 parts of straws, 20-30 parts of corncobs, 10-15 parts of bagasse, 10-15 parts of wheat bran, 1-3 parts of gypsum, 15-20 parts of walnut shells, 10-20 parts of ceramsite, 10-15 parts of sphagnum, 5-10 parts of perlite particles, 3-5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 5-10 parts of insect inhibitor;
wherein the decomposition microbial inoculum is formed by mixing alcohol yeast, bacillus thuringiensis and bacillus megaterium phosphate solubilizing;
the insect inhibitor is prepared by mixing salt, lime and plant ash.
2. The pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the paint specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-45 parts of wood chips, 35-45 parts of straws, 25-30 parts of corncobs, 12-15 parts of bagasse, 12-14 parts of wheat bran, 1.5-2.5 parts of gypsum, 18-20 parts of walnut shells, 18-20 parts of ceramsite, 12-15 parts of sphagnum, 6-8 parts of perlite particles, 3.5-4.5 parts of decomposing microbial inoculum and 6-8 parts of insect inhibitor.
3. The pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the paint specifically comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum, 18 parts of walnut shells, 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum, 7 parts of perlite particles, 4 parts of a decomposition microbial inoculum and 8 parts of an insect inhibitor.
4. The method for preparing Pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: the preparation method of the pleurotus eryngii culture medium specifically comprises the following steps:
crushing 40 parts of wood chips, 40 parts of straws, 28 parts of corncobs, 13 parts of bagasse, 13 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of gypsum and 18 parts of walnut shells by using a crusher, and stirring and mixing the crushed materials by using a stirrer to obtain a mixture A;
step two, adding water into the mixture A obtained in the step one, mixing and stirring, and stacking and fermenting the mixture A to obtain a fermented product A;
step three, stirring and mixing 18 parts of ceramsite, 13 parts of sphagnum and 7 parts of perlite particles by a stirrer to obtain a mixture B;
step four, mixing the prepared fermentation product A and the mixture B, sequentially adding a decomposing microbial inoculum and an insect inhibitor, and simultaneously mixing to obtain a raw material A;
step five, stacking the raw material A in a cone shape, adding a leavening agent for fermentation, controlling the water content in the raw material A, and sterilizing the raw material A to obtain a culture medium of pleurotus eryngii;
and step six, testing the pH value of the culture medium obtained in the step five, bagging the culture medium, and lightly tapping the surface of the bag to deposit the culture medium in the bag until the culture medium in the bag is flat.
5. The method for preparing Pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 4, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: when wood chips, straws, corncobs, bagasse, wheat bran and gypsum are crushed, a batch crushing mode is adopted, and the crushing sequence is as follows:
the number of the broken particles of the wood chips, the straws, the corncobs, the bagasse, the wheat bran and the gypsum is 150-mesh and 200-mesh, and the rotating speeds of the crusher and the stirrer are 130 revolutions per minute and 80 revolutions per minute respectively.
6. The method for preparing Pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 4, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: in the second step, when the mixture A is added with water for fermentation, the mixture A is divided into three piles, water with the content of 5% of the mixture A is added into each pile, the mixture is mixed once after each water addition, and the mixture is mixed in batches by adopting a shovel in a stirring mode.
7. The pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the ratio of the alcohol yeast, the bacillus thuringiensis and the phosphorus-removing bacillus megaterium is 1:0.5:0.8, and the ratio of the salt, the lime and the plant ash is 1.3:0.5: 1.
8. The method for preparing Pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 4, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components: in the fifth step, the water content of the raw material A can be detected by a water content detector, the water content needs to be equal to or larger than 70%, and once the water content is lower than 70%, the raw material A is sprayed by a water spraying mode, and the water spraying step is the same as the second step.
9. The pleurotus eryngii culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium comprises: the wood chips are one or more of poplar, broad-leaved tree and pine, and the straws are one or more of corn straws, grain wheat straws and sorghum straws.
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