CN114876632B - Ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 321
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 180
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 146
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 66
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 39
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B43/00—Engines characterised by operating on gaseous fuels; Plants including such engines
- F02B43/10—Engines or plants characterised by use of other specific gases, e.g. acetylene, oxyhydrogen
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04104—Regulation of differential pressures
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
- H01M8/04708—Temperature of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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- F02B2201/00—Fuels
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Abstract
The invention provides an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device and a control method thereof, wherein the heat of cooling liquid of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell is utilized to vaporize liquid ammonia, the energy of exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is utilized to crack ammonia, and separated and purified hydrogen is provided for the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell; meanwhile, the invention provides air energy coupling for introducing hot air exhausted by the fuel cell into an air inlet channel of the internal combustion engine; providing chemical energy coupling for recycling the hydrogen in the hydrogen circulation pipeline of the fuel cell to the internal combustion engine; it is proposed to use a thermal coupler to achieve integrated thermal management of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell; the method is characterized by providing a mechanical coupling speed increaser to realize the axial work driving of the fuel cell air compressor by the internal combustion engine; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing an AC/DC-DC/DC electric coupler for realizing hybrid power generation of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell; in addition, the invention provides an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation control strategy for realizing zero-carbon operation of the internal combustion engine and high-efficiency hybrid power generation with the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device and a control method thereof, in particular relates to an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device system design and an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device control method, and belongs to the technical field of hybrid power generation.
Background
With the consumption of traditional fossil energy, global warming caused by greenhouse gases is increasingly serious, and green low carbon has become the main development direction for generating living energy transformation and climate transition in the global scope. The national targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization are put forward, so that the green transformation and clean energy development of the energy industry are further accelerated. The hydrogen energy source is wide, the energy storage density is high, the combustion products are clean and are ideal green renewable clean energy sources, the development of the hydrogen fuel internal combustion engine and the hydrogen fuel battery has important value for promoting the popularization of a green power system, but the hydrogen has the problems of difficult storage and transportation and the like, and the cost and the safety greatly reduce the wide application of the hydrogen as the energy sources.
The ammonia is a high-efficiency carrier of hydrogen, and compared with hydrogen, the ammonia is easier to store and use in a liquid state, so that the zero-carbon internal combustion engine taking ammonia as a main fuel has obvious advantages in the aspects of power density, endurance mileage, utilization of the existing infrastructure and the like. Meanwhile, ammonia can crack hydrogen under the action of high temperature and a catalyst, and ammonia cracking is carried out through waste heat of tail gas of an internal combustion engine, so that the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be improved, the cracked hydrogen can be used as an additive to improve the combustion and emission characteristics of an ammonia fuel internal combustion engine, and in addition, the cracked hydrogen can also provide hydrogen energy for a fuel cell. The internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device can also provide good thermal environment and air compressor mechanical energy for the fuel cell by utilizing the heat exchanger of the internal combustion engine and shaft work aiming at the poor environmental adaptability and high energy consumption of the air compressor of the fuel cell.
According to the invention, liquid ammonia is taken as a single energy source, the liquid ammonia is vaporized by utilizing the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, and the vaporized ammonia provides ammonia for the internal combustion engine and the ammonia cracker; the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is utilized to provide energy for the ammonia cracker to carry out the cracking of ammonia, the separated and purified nitrogen and hydrogen are used for providing hydrogen for the internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, the operation of pure hydrogen or ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel of the internal combustion engine is realized, and the ammonia after cracking and purifying is recovered for the tail gas treatment of the internal combustion engine; meanwhile, the invention provides air energy coupling of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, namely, hot air exhausted by the fuel cell is introduced into an air supply pipeline of the internal combustion engine to heat cylinder inlet air of the internal combustion engine; providing chemical energy coupling between the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, namely introducing nitrogen and hydrogen in a nitrogen and hydrogen circulation pipeline of the fuel cell into a fuel supply pipeline of the internal combustion engine; the method is characterized in that an integrated thermal management of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell is realized by utilizing a thermal coupler, namely the thermal coupler utilizes the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine to heat the fuel cell before starting, and the thermal coupler transfers the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell to a liquid ammonia vaporization heat exchanger after starting the fuel cell; the method is characterized by providing a mechanical coupling speed increaser to realize the axial work driving of the fuel cell air compressor by the internal combustion engine; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing an AC/DC-DC/DC electric coupler for realizing hybrid power generation of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell; in addition, the invention provides an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation control strategy, which realizes zero-carbon operation of a pure hydrogen and ammonia hydrogen hybrid fuel internal combustion engine and efficient hybrid power generation with a fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
An ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation device comprises a liquid ammonia conveying pipeline (P1), a liquid ammonia tank (1) and a heat exchanger (3) which are connected, wherein a liquid ammonia flow control valve (2) is arranged on the liquid ammonia conveying pipeline (P1), and a heat exchanger temperature sensor (4) is arranged on the heat exchanger (3); an ammonia gas conveying pipeline (P2) connected with the heat exchanger (3) and the ammonia gas storage tank (5); an internal combustion engine air supply line (P13) for supplying air to the internal combustion engine; an internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3) is connected with an ammonia storage tank (5) and an internal combustion engine (9), an ammonia pressure reducing valve (6), an ammonia flow control valve (7) and a flame-retardant valve (8) are sequentially arranged on the internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3), and a rotation speed sensor (10) and a load sensor (11) are arranged on the internal combustion engine (9); an internal combustion engine exhaust pipe (P4) on which an oxygen sensor (12), an exhaust temperature sensor (13), an exhaust flow meter (14), an exhaust heat exchanger (15), and a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) (16) are sequentially provided; an ammonia supply pipeline (P5) of the ammonia cracker is connected with an ammonia storage tank (5) and the ammonia cracker (18), and an ammonia flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker is arranged on the ammonia supply pipeline (P5) of the ammonia cracker; an ammonia pyrolysis gas delivery line (P6) connecting the ammonia cracker (18) with the separation purifier (19); an ammonia recovery pipeline (P7) connected with the separation purifier (19) and the selective catalytic reducer (16); a nitrogen-hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8) is connected with the separation purifier (19) and the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21), a gas booster pump (20) is arranged on the nitrogen-hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8), and a pressure sensor (22) is arranged on the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21); a nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P9) of the internal combustion engine, which is sequentially provided with a first nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (23) and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) and is connected with a fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine; a fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P10) which is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21) and the fuel cell (27), wherein a second nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (25) and a second nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (26) are arranged on the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P10); a fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen circulation line (P11) which is connected to the fuel supply line (P3) of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply line (P10) through three-way electromagnetic valves (28), respectively, and which has a circulation pump (29) on the line connected to the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply line (P10); the fuel cell exhaust line (P12) is connected to the engine air supply line (P13); a thermal coupler (30) is arranged between the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27); an output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine (9) is connected with a generator (32) and is connected with an electric coupler (38) through an alternating current circuit (33); the output shaft (31) is sequentially connected with a transmission shaft (34), a mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) and an air compressor (36); the fuel cell (27) is connected with the electric coupler (38) through the direct current circuit (37); the electric coupler (38) is connected with the power battery (40) through a coupled direct current circuit (39); an electronic control unit (41);
the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) (41) receives a fuel cell voltage signal a, a pressure signal d, an internal combustion engine signal k, a heat exchanger temperature signal l, a rotating speed signal m, an oxygen sensor signal n, a load signal o, an exhaust temperature signal p, an exhaust flow rate signal q and an electric coupler signal u; the method comprises the steps of sending out an ammonia flow signal b, a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal c, a second nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal e, a circulating pump signal f, a three-way electromagnetic valve signal g, an ammonia cracker ammonia flow signal h, a liquid ammonia flow signal i, a thermal coupler signal j, a mechanical coupling speed increaser signal r, a gas booster pump signal s and a separation purifier signal t.
An ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power plant control method;
a starting stage: the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21) is pre-filled with hydrogen not lower than 10MPa, the hydrogen sequentially passes through the first nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (23) and the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) from the nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P9) of the internal combustion engine, enters the internal combustion engine (9) through the flame-retardant valve (8), enters the internal combustion engine through the air supply pipeline (P13) of the internal combustion engine, the electric control unit (41) drives the vehicle through the internal combustion engine signal k, and meanwhile, the electric control unit (41) calculates the required hydrogen amount by receiving the rotating speed signal m and the load signal o and controls the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) to adjust the hydrogen supply amount through the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal c.
Stable operation phase: after the internal combustion engine is heated (water temperature is 90 ℃), liquid ammonia enters a heat exchanger (3) from a liquid ammonia tank (1) through a liquid ammonia conveying pipeline (P1) through a liquid ammonia flow control valve (2), an electric control unit (41) receives a heat exchanger temperature signal l of a heat exchanger temperature sensor (4) to calculate the evaporation amount of the liquid ammonia, and the liquid ammonia flow control valve (2) is controlled to adjust the liquid ammonia supply amount through a liquid ammonia flow signal i; the evaporated ammonia enters an ammonia storage tank (5) through an ammonia conveying pipeline (P2); ammonia gas sequentially enters the internal combustion engine through an internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3) through an ammonia pressure reducing valve (6), an ammonia flow control valve (7) and a flame-retardant valve (8), an electric control unit (41) calculates the required fuel quantity by receiving a signal n, a rotating speed signal m and a load signal o of an oxygen sensor (12), the ammonia flow control valve (7) and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) are respectively controlled by an ammonia flowmeter signal b and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal c to regulate the fuel quantity entering the internal combustion engine (9), the air ratio of the air-fuel mixture of the inlet cylinder is 1.0, the volume fraction of the hydrogen gas in the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is x, the change range is 0.3-1.0, and the maximum power W is the maximum power W when x=0.3 max Minimum power W when x=1.0 min Power W at different hydrogen volume fractions: w=10/7 (W max -W min )*(1-x)+W min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The exhaust passes through an oxygen sensor (12), an exhaust temperature sensor (13), an exhaust flowmeter (14), an exhaust heat exchanger (15) and a selective catalytic reducer (16) in sequence through an exhaust pipeline (P4) of the internal combustion engine, and heat is transferred to an ammonia cracker (18) through the exhaust heat exchanger (15); ammonia enters an ammonia cracker (18) through an ammonia cracker ammonia gas supply pipeline (P5) and an ammonia gas flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker, an electric control unit (41) calculates ammonia gas cracking quantity by receiving an exhaust temperature signal P and an exhaust flow signal q, and the ammonia gas flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker is controlled to adjust the ammonia gas supply quantity through an ammonia gas flow signal h of the ammonia cracker; the ammonia pyrolysis gas enters the separation purifier (19) through an ammonia pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline (P6), the electric control unit (41) controls the separation purifier (19) through a separation purifier signal t, and the separated ammonia gas passes through an ammonia gas recovery pipeThe path (P7) enters a selective catalytic reducer (16), separated nitrogen is emptied, and the volume fraction of hydrogen in purified nitrogen and hydrogen is not less than 90%; the cracked and purified nitrogen and hydrogen enter a nitrogen and hydrogen storage tank (21) through a nitrogen and hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8) and a gas booster pump (20), an electric control unit (41) receives a pressure signal d of a pressure sensor (22) and controls the rotating speed of the gas booster pump (20) through a gas booster pump signal s to regulate the pressure in the nitrogen and hydrogen storage tank (21) to be not lower than 10MPa and not more than 70MPa; the nitrogen and hydrogen gas sequentially enter the fuel cell (27) through a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas reducing valve (25) and a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas flow control valve (2) through a fuel cell nitrogen and hydrogen gas supply pipeline (P10), and an electric control unit (41) calculates the required hydrogen gas supply quantity by receiving a fuel cell voltage signal a, adjusts the nitrogen and hydrogen gas supply flow through a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas flow signal e and controls the excessive hydrogen gas coefficient to be 1.2; the low-hydrogen content nitrogen and hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell (27) sequentially passes through a three-way electromagnetic valve (28) and a circulating pump (29) through a nitrogen and hydrogen circulating pipeline (P11) of the fuel cell and enters a nitrogen and hydrogen supply pipeline (P10) of the fuel cell for cyclic utilization, when the last fuel cell voltage received by the electronic control unit (41) is lower than half of the difference value between the average voltage and the cut-off voltage of the fuel cell, the electronic control unit (41) closes the circulating pump through a circulating pump signal f and adjusts the communication direction through a three-way electromagnetic valve signal g, and the low-hydrogen content nitrogen and hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell is recycled into a fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine; hot air discharged from the fuel cell (27) enters the engine air supply line (P13) through the fuel cell exhaust line (P12); an output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine (9) is connected with a generator (32), and electric energy converted from mechanical energy is supplied to a power battery (40) through an alternating current circuit (33), an electric coupler (38) and a coupled direct current circuit (39); meanwhile, the output shaft (31) is also connected with the transmission shaft (34), the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) and the air compressor (36) in sequence to provide mechanical energy for the air compressor (36) of the fuel cell (27), and the electric control unit (41) controls the speed ratio of the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) to be not lower than 50 through the mechanical coupling speed increaser signal r; the electric energy generated by the fuel cell (27) is provided for the power cell (40) through the direct current circuit (37), the electric coupler (38) and the coupled direct current circuit (39) in sequence; an electronic control unit (41) controls the output voltage via an electrical coupler signal u.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly as follows: according to the invention, liquid ammonia is taken as a single energy source, the liquid ammonia is vaporized by utilizing the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, and the vaporized ammonia provides ammonia for the internal combustion engine and the ammonia cracker; the waste heat of the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine is utilized to provide energy for the ammonia cracker to carry out the cracking of ammonia, the separated and purified nitrogen and hydrogen are used for providing hydrogen for the internal combustion engine and a fuel cell, the operation of pure hydrogen or ammonia-hydrogen mixed fuel of the internal combustion engine is realized, and the ammonia after cracking and purifying is recovered for the tail gas treatment of the internal combustion engine; meanwhile, the invention provides air energy coupling of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, namely, hot air exhausted by the fuel cell is introduced into an air supply pipeline of the internal combustion engine to heat cylinder inlet air of the internal combustion engine; providing chemical energy coupling between the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell, namely introducing nitrogen and hydrogen in a nitrogen and hydrogen circulation pipeline of the fuel cell into a fuel supply pipeline of the internal combustion engine; the method is characterized in that an integrated thermal management of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell is realized by utilizing a thermal coupler, namely the thermal coupler utilizes the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine to heat the fuel cell before starting, and the thermal coupler transfers the heat of the cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine and the fuel cell to a liquid ammonia vaporization heat exchanger after starting the fuel cell; the method is characterized by providing a mechanical coupling speed increaser to realize the axial work driving of the fuel cell air compressor by the internal combustion engine; the method is characterized by comprising the steps of providing an AC/DC-DC/DC electric coupler for realizing hybrid power generation of an internal combustion engine and a fuel cell; in addition, the invention provides an ammonia fuel-based internal combustion engine-fuel cell hybrid power generation control strategy, which realizes zero-carbon operation of a pure hydrogen and ammonia hydrogen hybrid fuel internal combustion engine and efficient hybrid power generation with a fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an ammonia fuel based hybrid internal combustion engine-fuel cell power plant
In the figure: 1. a tank for liquid ammonia (LNH 3), a liquid ammonia delivery line, 2, a liquid ammonia flow control valve, 3, a heat exchanger, 4, a heat exchanger temperature sensor, P2, an ammonia delivery line, 5, an ammonia (GNH 3) tank, a fuel supply line for P3 internal combustion engine, 6, an ammonia pressure reducing valve, 7, an ammonia flow control valve, 8, a flame-retardant valve, 9, an internal combustion engine, 10, a rotation speed sensor, 11, a load sensor, P4, an internal combustion engine exhaust line, 12, an oxygen sensor, 13, an exhaust temperature sensor, 14, an exhaust flowmeter, 15, an exhaust heat exchanger, 16, a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) device, P5, an ammonia cracker ammonia supply line, 17, an ammonia cracker ammonia flow control valve, 18, an ammonia cracker, P6, an ammonia cracker gas delivery line, 19, a separation purifier, P7, an ammonia recovery line, P8, a nitrogen and hydrogen delivery line, 20, gas booster pump, 21, nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank, P9, engine nitrogen-hydrogen supply line, 22, pressure sensor, 23, first nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve, 24, first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve, P10, fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply line, 25, second nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve, 26 second nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve, 27, fuel cell, P11, fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen circulation line, 28, three-way solenoid valve, 29, circulation pump, 30, thermal coupler, 31, output shaft, 32, generator, 33, ac circuit, 34, transmission shaft, 35, mechanical coupling speed increaser, 36, air compressor, 37, dc circuit, 38, electric coupler, 39, coupled dc circuit, 40, power cell, P12, fuel cell exhaust line, P13, engine air supply line, 41, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU);
a. the method comprises the following steps of fuel cell voltage signals, b, ammonia flow signals, c, first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signals, d, pressure signals, e, second nitrogen-hydrogen flow signals, f, circulating pump signals, g, three-way electromagnetic valve signals, h, ammonia cracker ammonia flow signals, i, liquid ammonia flow signals, j, thermal coupler signals, k, internal combustion engine signals, l, heat exchanger temperature signals, m, rotating speed signals, n, oxygen sensor signals, o, load signals, p, exhaust temperature signals, q, exhaust flow signals, r, mechanical coupling accelerator signals, s, gas booster pump signals, t, separation purifier signals, u and electric coupler signals.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description which follow:
a starting stage: the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21) is pre-filled with hydrogen not lower than 10MPa, the hydrogen sequentially passes through the first nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (23) and the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) from the nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P9) of the internal combustion engine, enters the internal combustion engine (9) through the flame-retardant valve (8), enters the internal combustion engine through the air supply pipeline (P13) of the internal combustion engine, the electric control unit (41) drives the vehicle through the internal combustion engine signal k, and meanwhile, the electric control unit (41) calculates the required hydrogen amount by receiving the rotating speed signal m and the load signal o and controls the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) to adjust the hydrogen supply amount through the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal c.
Stable operation phase: after the internal combustion engine is heated (water temperature is 90 ℃), liquid ammonia enters a heat exchanger (3) from a liquid ammonia tank (1) through a liquid ammonia conveying pipeline (P1) through a liquid ammonia flow control valve (2), an electric control unit (41) receives a heat exchanger temperature signal l of a heat exchanger temperature sensor (4) to calculate the evaporation amount of the liquid ammonia, and the liquid ammonia flow control valve (2) is controlled to adjust the liquid ammonia supply amount through a liquid ammonia flow signal i; the evaporated ammonia enters an ammonia storage tank (5) through an ammonia conveying pipeline (P2); ammonia gas sequentially enters the internal combustion engine through an internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3) through an ammonia pressure reducing valve (6), an ammonia flow control valve (7) and a flame-retardant valve (8), an electric control unit (41) calculates the required fuel quantity by receiving a signal n, a rotating speed signal m and a load signal o of an oxygen sensor (12), the ammonia flow control valve (7) and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) are respectively controlled by an ammonia flowmeter signal b and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow signal c to regulate the fuel quantity entering the internal combustion engine (9), the air ratio of the air-fuel mixture of the inlet cylinder is 1.0, the volume fraction of the hydrogen gas in the ammonia-hydrogen mixture is x, the change range is 0.3-1.0, and the maximum power W is the maximum power W when x=0.3 max Minimum power W when x=1.0 min Power W at different hydrogen volume fractions: w=10/7 (W max -W min )*(1-x)+W min The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The exhaust passes through an oxygen sensor (12), an exhaust temperature sensor (13), an exhaust flowmeter (14), an exhaust heat exchanger (15) and a selective catalytic reducer (16) in sequence through an exhaust pipeline (P4) of the internal combustion engine, and heat is transferred to an ammonia cracker (18) through the exhaust heat exchanger (15); ammonia enters an ammonia cracker (18) through an ammonia cracker ammonia gas supply pipeline (P5) and an ammonia gas flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker, an electric control unit (41) calculates ammonia gas cracking amount by receiving an exhaust temperature signal P and an exhaust flow signal q, and the ammonia gas flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker is controlled by an ammonia gas flow signal h of the ammonia cracker to adjust ammonia gasA supply amount; the ammonia pyrolysis gas enters a separation purifier (19) through an ammonia pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline (P6), an electric control unit (41) controls the separation purifier (19) through a separation purifier signal t, separated ammonia enters a selective catalytic reducer (16) through an ammonia recovery pipeline (P7), separated nitrogen is emptied, and the volume fraction of hydrogen in purified nitrogen and hydrogen is not less than 90%; the cracked and purified nitrogen and hydrogen enter a nitrogen and hydrogen storage tank (21) through a nitrogen and hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8) and a gas booster pump (20), an electric control unit (41) receives a pressure signal d of a pressure sensor (22) and controls the rotating speed of the gas booster pump (20) through a gas booster pump signal s to regulate the pressure in the nitrogen and hydrogen storage tank (21) to be not lower than 10MPa and not more than 70MPa; the nitrogen and hydrogen gas sequentially enter the fuel cell (27) through a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas reducing valve (25) and a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas flow control valve (2) through a fuel cell nitrogen and hydrogen gas supply pipeline (P10), and an electric control unit (41) calculates the required hydrogen gas supply quantity by receiving a fuel cell voltage signal a, adjusts the nitrogen and hydrogen gas supply flow through a second nitrogen and hydrogen gas flow signal e and controls the excessive hydrogen gas coefficient to be 1.2; the low-hydrogen content nitrogen and hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell (27) sequentially passes through a three-way electromagnetic valve (28) and a circulating pump (29) through a nitrogen and hydrogen circulating pipeline (P11) of the fuel cell and enters a nitrogen and hydrogen supply pipeline (P10) of the fuel cell for cyclic utilization, when the last fuel cell voltage received by the electronic control unit (41) is lower than half of the difference value between the average voltage and the cut-off voltage of the fuel cell, the electronic control unit (41) closes the circulating pump through a circulating pump signal f and adjusts the communication direction through a three-way electromagnetic valve signal g, and the low-hydrogen content nitrogen and hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell is recycled into a fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine; hot air discharged from the fuel cell (27) enters the engine air supply line (P13) through the fuel cell exhaust line (P12); an output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine (9) is connected with a generator (32), and electric energy converted from mechanical energy is supplied to a power battery (40) through an alternating current circuit (33), an electric coupler (38) and a coupled direct current circuit (39); meanwhile, the output shaft (31) is also connected with the transmission shaft (34), the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) and the air compressor (36) in sequence to provide mechanical energy for the air compressor (36) of the fuel cell (27), and the electric control unit (41) controls the speed ratio of the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) to be not lower than 50 through the mechanical coupling speed increaser signal r; fuel cell (27) productionThe generated electric energy is provided for a power battery (40) through a direct current circuit (37), an electric coupler (38) and a coupled direct current circuit (39) in sequence; an electronic control unit (41) controls the output voltage via an electrical coupler signal u.
Claims (5)
1. An ammonia fuel-based hybrid power generation device for an internal combustion engine-fuel cell, characterized in that: comprising the following steps: an ammonia supply assembly, an internal combustion engine (9), an ammonia cracking separation purification assembly, a fuel cell (27) and a power generation circuit assembly;
the ammonia supply assembly includes: the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (P1) is connected with the liquid ammonia tank (1) and the heat exchanger (3), the liquid ammonia delivery pipeline (P1) is provided with a liquid ammonia flow control valve (2), the heat exchanger (3) is provided with a heat exchanger temperature sensor (4), and heat of cooling liquid of the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) can be provided for the heat exchanger (3) for vaporization of liquid ammonia; an ammonia gas conveying pipeline (P2) connected with the heat exchanger (3) and the ammonia gas storage tank (5), wherein the vaporized ammonia gas is stored in the ammonia gas storage tank (5);
the internal combustion engine (9) comprises: an air supply line (P13) for supplying air to the internal combustion engine; an internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3) is connected with an ammonia storage tank (5) and an internal combustion engine (9), an ammonia pressure reducing valve (6), an ammonia flow control valve (7) and a flame-retardant valve (8) are sequentially arranged on the internal combustion engine fuel supply pipeline (P3), a rotation speed sensor (10) and a load sensor (11) are arranged on the internal combustion engine (9), and ammonia is provided for the internal combustion engine (9) in an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas combustion mode; a nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P9) of the internal combustion engine is sequentially provided with a first nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (23) and a first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24), and is connected with a fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine to supply hydrogen for the internal combustion engine (9) in an ammonia-hydrogen mixed gas combustion mode; an exhaust pipeline (P4) of the internal combustion engine is sequentially provided with an oxygen sensor (12), an exhaust temperature sensor (13), an exhaust flowmeter (14), an exhaust heat exchanger (15) and a selective catalytic reducer (16), wherein the exhaust heat exchanger (15) provides energy for an ammonia cracker (18);
the ammonia cracking separation purification assembly comprises: an ammonia cracker ammonia gas supply pipeline (P5) is connected with the ammonia gas storage tank (5) and the ammonia cracker (18), and an ammonia cracker ammonia gas flow control valve (17) is arranged on the ammonia cracker ammonia gas supply pipeline (P5) to provide ammonia gas for the ammonia cracker (18); an ammonia pyrolysis gas conveying pipeline (P6) connected with the ammonia cracker (18) and the separation purifier (19) and used for conveying the mixed gas cracked by the ammonia cracker (18) to the separation purifier (19); an ammonia recovery pipeline (P7) connected with the separation purifier (19) and the selective catalytic reducer (16) and used for recovering the ammonia separated by the separation purifier (19) into the selective catalytic reducer (16); a nitrogen-hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8) which is connected with the separation purifier (19) and the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21), wherein a gas booster pump (20) is arranged on the nitrogen-hydrogen conveying pipeline (P8), and a pressure sensor (22) is arranged on the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21) and is used for conveying and storing the nitrogen-hydrogen separated by the separation purifier (19) in the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21);
the fuel cell (27) includes: a fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P10) is connected with the nitrogen-hydrogen storage tank (21) and the fuel cell (27), and a second nitrogen-hydrogen pressure reducing valve (25) and a second nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (26) are arranged on the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P10) to supply hydrogen for the fuel cell (27); air is supplied to the fuel cell (27) by an air compressor (36); a fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen circulation pipeline (P11) is connected with a fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen supply pipeline (P10), and a three-way electromagnetic valve (28) and a circulation pump (29) are sequentially arranged on the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen circulation pipeline (P11) to recycle hydrogen discharged by the fuel cell;
the power generation circuit assembly includes: an output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine (9) is connected with a generator (32), is connected with an electric coupler (38) through an alternating current circuit (33), is connected with a power battery (40) through a direct current circuit (39) after coupling, and charges the power battery (40) through the generator (32) by utilizing the shaft work of the internal combustion engine; the fuel cell (27) is connected to the electric coupler (38) through the direct current circuit (37), and the direct current circuit (39) is connected to the power cell (40) after the coupling, and the power cell (40) is charged by the fuel cell (27).
2. An ammonia-fuel based hybrid power plant for internal combustion engines-fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fuel cell nitrogen-hydrogen circulation pipeline (P11) is connected with the fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine through a three-way electromagnetic valve (28), when the last fuel cell voltage received by the electronic control unit (41) is lower than half of the difference value between the average voltage and the cut-off voltage of the fuel cell, the electronic control unit (41) closes the circulation pump (29) through a circulation pump signal f and adjusts the communication direction through a three-way electromagnetic valve signal g, and nitrogen-hydrogen with low hydrogen content discharged by the fuel cell is recycled into the fuel supply pipeline (P3) of the internal combustion engine, so that the chemical energy coupling between the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) is realized.
3. An ammonia-fuel based hybrid power plant for internal combustion engines-fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the fuel cell (27) is communicated with the air supply pipeline (P13) of the internal combustion engine through the exhaust pipeline (P12) of the fuel cell, and hot air exhausted by the fuel cell is used for heating cylinder inlet air of the internal combustion engine, so that air energy coupling between the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) is realized.
4. An ammonia-fuel based hybrid power plant for internal combustion engines-fuel cells according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the heat exchanger (3) in the ammonia supply assembly is connected with the thermal coupler (30), and the electric control unit (41) controls the thermal coupler (30) through a thermal coupler signal j after the internal combustion engine (9) is started and before the fuel cell (27) is started, so that the heat of cooling water of the internal combustion engine is transferred to the heat exchanger (3) and the fuel cell (27) to provide energy for vaporization of liquid ammonia and preheating of the fuel cell (27); after the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) stably run, the electric control unit (41) controls the thermal coupler (30) through the thermal coupler signal j, controls the cooling water temperature of the internal combustion engine (9) to be constant at 90 ℃ and the temperature of the fuel cell (27) to be controlled in a high-efficiency interval of 60-80 ℃, and transmits the heat of the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) to the heat exchanger to provide energy for liquid ammonia vaporization, so that the thermal coupling of the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) is realized;
the air compressor (36) of the fuel cell (27) is connected with the output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine (9) through a transmission shaft (34) and a mechanical coupling speed increaser (35), the mechanical work of the output shaft (31) of the internal combustion engine is utilized to drive the air compressor (36) of the fuel cell, and the electric control unit (41) controls the speed increasing ratio of the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) through a mechanical coupling speed increaser signal r, so that the speed increasing ratio is not lower than 50, and the mechanical energy coupling of the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) is realized.
5. An ammonia-fuel based hybrid power plant for internal combustion engines-fuel cells as defined in claim 4, wherein:
the generator (32) of the internal combustion engine is connected with the electric coupler (38) through the alternating current circuit (33), the fuel cell (27) is connected with the electric coupler (38) through the direct current circuit (37), the electric control unit (41) controls the electric coupler (38) to carry out current rectification and voltage control through the electric coupler signal u, and the direct current circuit charges the power battery (40) after coupling to realize the electric coupling of the internal combustion engine (9) and the fuel cell (27) hybrid power generation system;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the fuel cells (27) and obtains a voltage signal a of each fuel cell;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the ammonia flow control valve (7) and controls the ammonia supply flow through an ammonia flow signal b;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the first nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (24) and controls the nitrogen-hydrogen flow through a signal c;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the pressure sensor (22) and obtains a pressure signal d;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the second nitrogen-hydrogen flow control valve (26) and controls the nitrogen-hydrogen flow through a signal e;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the circulating pump (29) and controls the opening and closing of the circulating pump through a signal f;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the three-way electromagnetic valve (28) and controls the communication direction of the three-way electromagnetic valve through a signal g;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the ammonia flow control valve (17) of the ammonia cracker and controls the ammonia supply flow of the ammonia cracker through a signal h;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the liquid ammonia flow control valve (2) and controls the liquid ammonia supply flow through a signal i;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the thermal coupler (30) and controls the temperature through a signal j;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the internal combustion engine (9) and controls the operation condition of the internal combustion engine through a signal k;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the heat exchanger temperature sensor (4) and obtains a temperature signal l;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the rotating speed sensor (10) and obtains a rotating speed signal m;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the oxygen sensor (12) and obtains an oxygen sensor signal n;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the load sensor (11) and obtains a load signal o;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the exhaust temperature sensor (13) and obtains an exhaust temperature signal p;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the exhaust flowmeter (14) and obtains an exhaust flow signal q;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the mechanical coupling speed increaser (35) and controls the speed increasing ratio through a signal r;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the gas booster pump (20) and controls the rotating speed of the booster pump through a signal s;
the electric control unit (41) is connected with the separation purifier (19) and controls the operation condition of the separation purifier through a signal t;
the electronic control unit (41) is connected with the electric coupler (38) and controls the output voltage through a signal u.
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| CN115818567B (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-07-21 | 天津大学 | Large-scale green ammonia pyrolysis hydrogen production system and hydrogen production method |
| CN116122992B (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-11 | 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院(安徽省能源实验室) | Ammonia fuel engine system based on plasma pyrolysis technology |
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| AU2001263069A1 (en) * | 2000-05-12 | 2001-11-26 | Gradient Technology | Production of hydrogen by autothermic decomposition of ammonia |
| US8034499B2 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2011-10-11 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Energy conversion device including a solid oxide fuel cell fueled by ammonia |
| JP2009097420A (en) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-07 | Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc | Fuel reformer for internal combustion engine, and engine system |
| JP2009115073A (en) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-28 | Masaya Kuno | Fuel cell-mounted type engine part 3 |
| JP5365037B2 (en) * | 2008-03-18 | 2013-12-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Hydrogen generator, ammonia burning internal combustion engine, and fuel cell |
| DE102008001255A1 (en) * | 2008-04-18 | 2009-10-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for catalytic purification of nitrogen oxide of drive unit of hybrid vehicle, involves heating reduction agent storage of exhaust gas- subsequent treatment device of drive unit with waste heat of vehicle power unit |
| US20100019506A1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2010-01-28 | Caterpillar Inc. | Power system having an ammonia fueled engine |
| US8495974B2 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2013-07-30 | Vito Agosta | Fuel system and method for burning liquid ammonia in engines and boilers |
| US20140356738A1 (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | Jimmy Todd Bell | Ammonia based system to prepare and utilize hydrogen to produce electricity |
| CN112761826A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 福州大学化肥催化剂国家工程研究中心 | Supercharged engine and ammonia fuel hybrid power generation system |
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