CN114871287B - Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material - Google Patents

Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114871287B
CN114871287B CN202210507943.8A CN202210507943A CN114871287B CN 114871287 B CN114871287 B CN 114871287B CN 202210507943 A CN202210507943 A CN 202210507943A CN 114871287 B CN114871287 B CN 114871287B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
extrusion
aluminum
die
force
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202210507943.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN114871287A (en
Inventor
邹宗园
王喜强
翟东林
郑伟
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yanshan University
Original Assignee
Yanshan University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yanshan University filed Critical Yanshan University
Priority to CN202210507943.8A priority Critical patent/CN114871287B/en
Publication of CN114871287A publication Critical patent/CN114871287A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN114871287B publication Critical patent/CN114871287B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/21—Presses specially adapted for extruding metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/04—Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C31/00—Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal; Measuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a device and a method for preparing an aluminum-based nano material, wherein the device comprises a controller, a double-column male die, an upper extrusion female die, a middle extrusion female die, a lower extrusion female die, an extrusion channel, a die sheath, a guide system, a heating device, a hydraulic pump and a back pressure ejector rod; the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die jointly form a multi-pass extrusion channel, the sections of the extrusion channels of the upper extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are both rectangular structures, and the section of the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die is a V-shaped structure; when the device is used, the output force is calculated in real time, the speed of the aluminum-based blank is ensured to run stably, and the temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the die and the temperature of the aluminum-based blank in real time. The device and the method can obtain the aluminum-based blank with uniformly refined grain structure, greatly improve the mechanical property of the aluminum-based blank, and ensure that the aluminum-based blank has high strength and good toughness on the premise of high density.

Description

Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing an aluminum-based nano material.
Background
The aluminum-based blank has the characteristics of low density, excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance, strength close to or higher than that of high-quality steel, good plasticity and capability of being processed into various sectional materials, so that the aluminum-based blank is widely used in industry, and along with the development of economy, the requirement on the aluminum-based blank is higher and higher. In the prior art, severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) processing is an effective process for improving material performance by metal refining at present, wherein the equal channel extrusion process is concerned about stably preparing ultrafine grains or nano-grade materials with good comprehensive performance.
However, at present, the aluminum-based billet prepared by the above method still has the following defects:
on the one hand, present preparation facilities all is single punch extrusion deformation, and efficiency is lower, and the blank is receiving the extrusion in-process, along with temperature and extrusion position difference, the blank is at the power variation that deformation in-process received, if adopt invariable power to extrude always, then can lead to two kinds of circumstances: 1. some places of the aluminum-based blank are excessively deformed, and other places are not severely deformed enough, so that the requirement of refining grains cannot be met; 2. the aluminum-based blank has the disadvantages of unstable running speed, poor forming quality of an extrusion piece, more leftover materials, high material waste rate, uneven grain structure of the prepared aluminum-based blank, and poor mechanical property of the aluminum-based blank due to the fact that some parts have thick local grains.
On the other hand, the temperature of the aluminum-based billet is sharply increased during extrusion deformation, and if the temperature reaches the grain boundary melting temperature of the aluminum-based billet, the plasticity of the billet is sharply decreased, and the performance is deteriorated. In addition, the heat exchange coefficient a of the aluminum-based blank is not considered in the traditional die, and if the temperature in the extrusion channel is too high, the die channel is damaged to a certain extent, so that the service life of the die is influenced. In summary, the conventional extrusion die has the following disadvantages:
first, the difficult problem of aluminium base blank ejection of compact often exists to traditional extrusion die, if appear extruding material at the extrusion in-process and amass in the passageway, then need unpack apart whole mould device, take out the extrusion waste material, the operation is complicated, and cost of maintenance is high.
Second, the conventional extrusion die lacks a die protection device, and in production practice, the production cost of one set of die is very high, and once the die is damaged, great loss is caused.
Thirdly, the traditional die lacks the subsequent treatment of the extruded blank, the end part of the extruded blank is often in a nub shape, and the edge-tip-shaped part needs to be removed in practical application, so that the process is more complicated, the surface smoothness is poorer, more waste materials exist, and the production cost is indirectly increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for preparing an aluminum-based nano material, which can obtain an aluminum-based nano blank with uniformly refined grain structure, namely the aluminum-based blank for short, improve the mechanical property of the aluminum-based blank, and ensure high strength and good toughness on the premise of high density. The double extrusion channels greatly improve the extrusion working efficiency, and the obtained aluminum-based blank has high surface smoothness and less waste.
Specifically, the invention is determined by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a device for preparing an aluminum-based nano material, which comprises a controller, a double-column male die, an upper extrusion female die, a middle extrusion female die, a lower extrusion female die, an extrusion channel, a die sheath, a guide system, a heating device, a hydraulic pump and a back pressure ejector rod, wherein the double-column male die is arranged on the upper extrusion female die;
the double-column male die is connected with two extrusion channels, a first force sensor and a speed sensor are mounted on the upper portion of the double-column male die, the first force sensor is used for monitoring the extrusion force output by the double-column male die, the speed sensor is used for monitoring the feeding speed, a plurality of second force sensors are uniformly arranged outside the two extrusion channels respectively and used for monitoring the extrusion force applied to the two extrusion channels, the output ends of the first force sensor, the speed sensor and the second force sensors are connected with the input end of a controller respectively, the controller calculates the extrusion force difference applied to the two extrusion channels according to the extrusion force monitored by the second force sensors, when the difference of the force applied to the two extrusion channels is larger than a preset threshold value, the controller stops the double-column male die to work, and when the difference of the force applied to the two extrusion channels is smaller than the preset threshold value, the controller adjusts the extrusion force applied to the double-column male die;
the two extrusion channels are symmetrically arranged with each other, and aluminum-based blanks are placed in the two extrusion channels;
the side wall of the lower extrusion female die is connected with the hydraulic pump by a connecting rod; the output ends of the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, and the controller adjusts the output forces of the backpressure ejector rod and the hydraulic pump according to the monitored real-time forces of the backpressure ejector rod and the hydraulic pump;
the upper extrusion female die is provided with a temperature sensor and a heating device for monitoring the temperature of the die and the temperature of the aluminum-based blank, the heating device regulates and controls the die and the aluminum-based blank according to the real-time monitored temperature of the temperature sensor and a set temperature threshold, and when the real-time monitored temperature of the temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature threshold, the controller sends an alarm signal;
the multi-pass extrusion channel is formed by the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die together, the sections of the extrusion channels of the upper extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are both rectangular structures, the section of the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die is a V-shaped structure, the included angle of the V-shaped structure is 60-90 degrees, and the included angles between the extrusion channel of the upper extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the lower extrusion female die are 120-145 degrees;
when the extrusion is started, the initial extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is F First stage In the extrusion process, the extrusion force F which should be provided by the double-column male die is calculated by the following formula Column And performing real-time regulation and control, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F Beginning of the design *δ*0.06；
Wherein, δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000031
wherein, V Into For feed rate, F Time of flight Average value of extrusion forces, T, received by the two extrusion channels monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Temperature, T, of aluminum-based blank for real-time monitoring by temperature sensor Die For real-time monitoring of temperature sensorsT is the set extrusion time of the aluminum-based blank, the unit is minute, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000032
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression piston can be adjusted through a backpressure ejector rod, and the value range of the compression amount is 5-40%;
double post male die according to F Column The value of (1) is the extrusion force with the error of R, and the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are Column Error R of>When the pressure is 5%, the real-time extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are equal to Column Ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5;
meanwhile, a plurality of second force sensors arranged on the two extrusion channels monitor the extrusion forces applied to the two extrusion channels in real time, and when the extrusion forces of the blanks applied to the two extrusion channels are different from each other by the | F | value Left side of -F Right side When | > lambda is more than or equal to, the controller sends out an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force on the right extrusion channel;
finally, when a sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors that the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump is more than or equal to 0.55 sigma max And the third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure mandril Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max The controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor for the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based blank, and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller calculates i difference values X to obtain a calculation formula of a parameter S, wherein the calculation formula of S is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000041
when S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion concave die, simultaneously withdraws the back pressure mandril and is matched with the pressure chamber>
Figure BDA0003636785950000042
Is the average of i differences X.
Preferably, the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are of split structures.
Preferably, the included angle of the V-shaped structure is 90 degrees, and the included angles between the extrusion channel of the upper extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die and the included angles between the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the lower extrusion female die are both 145 degrees;
preferably, the die sheaths are arranged outside the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die.
Preferably, two sides of the double-column male die are respectively provided with a guide system, the guide system comprises a guide column, a guide sleeve and a guide column, the guide column is arranged on the base, the guide sleeve is sleeved on the upper part of the guide column, the guide column is sleeved on the upper part of the guide sleeve, and the upper surface of the guide column is connected with the fixed lower surface of the double-column male die.
Preferably, the lower extrusion female die is of a longitudinal open-close type structure.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aluminum-based nanomaterial, comprising the steps of:
s1, preheating a die channel at a preheating temperature T Preparation of Is 400 to 750 ℃;
s2, placing the processed aluminum-based blank into an upper extrusion female die cavity, heating the aluminum-based blank by regulating a temperature sensor and a heating device to reach the specified blank matrix temperature T Base of The temperature is kept between 600 and 820 ℃, and the temperature keeping time t Health-care product The values of (a) are calculated in minutes according to the following formula:
t health-care product ＝a/(T Base of -T Preparation of )；
Wherein a is a heat exchange coefficient;
s3, after the aluminum-based blank is heated and insulated, the double-column male die extrudes the aluminum-based blank, the extrusion force borne by an extrusion channel of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the blank are respectively monitored by a second force sensor and a temperature sensor in real time in the extrusion process of the aluminum-based blank, and a controller controls the extrusion force with the output error R of the double-column male die being less than or equal to 5% according to the position of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the blank in real time;
meanwhile, the second force sensor monitors the stress of the extrusion channels in real time, and when the absolute value | F of the difference value of the extrusion forces of the aluminum-based blanks on the two extrusion channels Left side of -F Right side When | ≧ lambda, the controller sends out an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force on the right extrusion channel;
s4, when the aluminum-based blank reaches the lower extrusion female die, after the sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the pressure, the hydraulic pump starts to work to provide a radial shearing force for the aluminum-based blank, and meanwhile, after the third force sensor monitors the pressure, the back pressure ejector rod provides a back force for the aluminum-based blank, so that the aluminum-based blank forms a radial, forward and back three-way stress state;
s5, when a sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Zxfoom ≥0.55σ max And the third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure ejector rod Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max For the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based blank, the controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller pairs the i differencesX is calculated to obtain a parameter S,
the calculation formula of S is:
Figure BDA0003636785950000051
when S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion concave die and withdraw the back pressure mandril, wherein the pressure is greater than or equal to>
Figure BDA0003636785950000052
Is the average of i differences X;
s6, taking out the aluminum-based blank, placing the aluminum-based blank in a cooling chamber for cooling, wherein the cooling rate V is Cold Is 0.5 to 3.0, and the unit is DEG C.min -1 ；
S7, after the aluminum-based blank is taken out, closing the lower extrusion female die, resetting the backpressure ejector rod, and waiting for the instruction of the next controller by the hydraulic pump;
s8, extruding the next aluminum-based blank, and repeating the steps S1-S7.
Preferably, in step S3, the extrusion force provided by the double-column male die at the beginning of extrusion is F Beginning of the design In the extrusion process, the extrusion force parameter F which is required to be provided by the double-column male die is calculated by the following formula Column And performing real-time regulation and control, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F First stage *δ*0.06；
Wherein, δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000053
wherein, V Into For feed rate, F Time-piece Average value of extrusion forces, T, received by the two extrusion channels monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Blank temperature, T, monitored in real time by a temperature sensor Die The temperature of the die is monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set blank extrusion time, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000061
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression device can be adjusted through the backpressure ejector rod, and the value range of the compression amount is 5-40%.
Preferably, the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die monitored by the first pressure sensor in the step S3 is equal to F Column Error R of>When the pressure is 5%, the real-time extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are equal to Column And ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5.
Preferably, the billet in step S2 is a cylindrical billet with a diameter of 200mm and a length of 1200mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a device and a method for preparing an aluminum-based nano material, which can obtain an aluminum-based blank with uniformly refined grain structure by utilizing the extrusion device and the extrusion method, greatly improve the mechanical property of the aluminum-based blank, and ensure that the aluminum-based blank has high strength and good toughness on the premise of ensuring high density.
(2) The upper part of the upper extrusion female die is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature regulation and control of the temperature of the die channel and the temperature of the aluminum-based blank in the deformation process, so that the phenomenon that the temperature in the die channel is too high to cause grain boundary remelting and greatly reduce the plasticity and tensile strength to influence the performance of the aluminum-based blank is prevented. The extrusion channel is externally provided with a force sensor, the extrusion force applied to the die in the whole extrusion process is monitored in real time and transmitted to the controller, the controller regulates and controls the extrusion force of the double-column male die in real time according to the extrusion force monitored in real time, the extrusion force is guaranteed to be stably located in a required range, and the performance of the aluminum-based blank obtained by extrusion is guaranteed.
(4) The hydraulic pump and the backpressure ejector rod device are arranged at the lower extrusion female die, the hydraulic pump and the sensing device at the backpressure ejector rod are connected with the controller, after the sensing device of the hydraulic pump senses the pressure, the radial shearing force is applied to the blank, the backpressure ejector rod applies the back force to the blank, and the extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is added, so that the blank is in a three-dimensional stress state, the surface smoothness of the discharged blank is high, the waste is less, and the material utilization rate is high.
(5) The die sheath is arranged outside the whole device of the die, so that on one hand, the accuracy of assembly can be ensured, on the other hand, the rigidity of the die can be protected, and the service life of the die is prolonged. The guide system is arranged outside the die sleeve, so that the stability of the whole working stroke is ensured, the geometric dimension of the aluminum-based nano material is ensured, and the automation of the preparation of the aluminum-based nano material can be realized.
(6) The extrusion channel is provided with a plurality of bend angles, 145-degree corner shearing deformation can be realized at the upper extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die, 90-degree shearing deformation can be realized at the middle extrusion female die, the bend angle extrusion is a severe plastic deformation process, three times of shearing plastic deformation of the aluminum-based blank can be realized through one-time double-punch extrusion, the blank is in a three-direction stress state at the lower extrusion female die, and the blank is good in formability, high in surface smoothness and high in mechanical property.
(7) The female die of the extrusion die of the device adopts a form of combining the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die, and the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die can be of a split structure, so that the device is convenient to maintain and replace. The extrusion channel of the die realizes three-pass severe plastic deformation once, can simultaneously perform two-pass three-pass extrusion, greatly improves the production and processing efficiency, has radial shear deformation on the blank at the discharging position, enables the blank to reach a three-dimensional stress state under the action of the back pressure ejector rod, and has good blank forming performance and smooth surface after discharging. And the lower extrusion female die is arranged to be of a longitudinal opening-closing type structure, so that the lower extrusion female die can be opened when a blank needs to be taken out, and the blank is convenient to take out.
(8) The extrusion channels are symmetrically arranged, so that the production efficiency is improved, the stable operation of the device can be ensured, and if the blank in the channel is accumulated during the extrusion operation and the double-column male die is left for continuous extrusion, the double-column male die and the extrusion female die can be seriously damaged. Therefore, this patent sets up force transducer in the extrusion passageway, carries out real time monitoring, if when the extrusion force difference that receives in two mould passageways was too big, when reaching the settlement threshold value, the device alarm was handled, stops the operation of twin columns terrace die, avoids the blank to stagnate in the passageway, guarantees the even running of device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an optimization algorithm for optimizing the extrusion force according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic illustration of the grain structure of an aluminum-based billet prior to extrusion in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of the grain structure of the extruded aluminum-based billet in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
In one aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for preparing an aluminum-based nanomaterial, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, comprising a double-column punch 4, an upper extrusion die 7, a middle extrusion die 9, a lower extrusion die 10, a first force sensor 1, a speed sensor, a temperature sensor 2, a heating device 3, a controller 100, an extrusion channel 20, a die jacket 16, a guide system, a hydraulic pump 11, and a back pressure ejector rod 14. The die sheath 5 and the die sheath 16 are arranged outside the whole extrusion device. And two sides of the double-column male die 4 are respectively provided with a guide system, and the guide system comprises a guide column 6, a guide column 15 and a guide sleeve 17. The guide post 15 is arranged on the base 200, the guide sleeve 17 is sleeved on the upper portion of the guide post 15, the guide post 6 is sleeved on the upper portion of the guide sleeve 17, and the upper surface of the guide post 6 is connected with the lower surface of the double-post male die 4.
Two extrusion channels 20 are connected with the double-column male die 4, and a first force sensor 1 and a speed sensor are mounted on the upper part of the double-column male die 4, wherein the first force sensor 1 is shown in the figure, and the speed sensor is arranged adjacent to the first force sensor. The first force sensor is used for monitoring the output force of the double-column male die 4, the speed sensor is used for monitoring the feeding speed, the temperature sensor 2 is arranged at the upper part of the upper extrusion female die 7, the temperature sensor 2 is used for monitoring the temperature of a die channel and a blank in real time, a plurality of second force sensors 19 are respectively and uniformly arranged outside the two extrusion channels 20, and the plurality of second force sensors 19 (only one of which is schematically indicated in the figure) are uniformly distributed outside the extrusion channels 20. The multiple second force sensors 19 are used for monitoring extrusion forces applied to the two extrusion channels 20, output ends of the first force sensor 1, the speed sensor and the multiple second force sensors 19 are respectively connected with input ends of the controller 100, the controller 100 is schematically shown in fig. 1, the controller 100 calculates a difference value of the extrusion forces applied to the two extrusion channels 20 according to the monitored extrusion forces applied to the two extrusion channels 20, when the difference value of the stress applied to the two extrusion channels 20 is greater than a preset threshold value, the controller 100 stops the operation of the double-column male die 4, and when the difference value of the stress applied to the two extrusion channels 20 is smaller than the preset threshold value, the controller 100 adjusts the extrusion force applied to the double-column male die 4.
The aluminum-based billet 8 is placed inside the two extrusion channels 20, and the two extrusion channels 20 are symmetrically arranged.
The side wall of the lower extrusion female die 10 is connected with a hydraulic pump 11 by a connecting rod; the bottom of the lower extrusion female die 10 is provided with a backpressure mandril 14, the backpressure mandril 14 is provided with a third force sensor 13, the output ends of the third force sensor 13 and an internal sensor 12 of the hydraulic pump 11 (the left side is provided with an internal sensor 18 of the hydraulic pump 11) are respectively connected with the input end of the controller 100, and the controller 100 adjusts the output force of the backpressure mandril 14 and the hydraulic pump 11 according to the monitored real-time force of the backpressure mandril 14 and the hydraulic pump 11.
Go up and be provided with temperature sensor 2 and heating device 3 that are used for monitoring mould temperature and aluminium base blank temperature on the extrusion die 7, heating device 3 regulates and control mould and aluminium base blank according to temperature sensor real-time supervision's temperature and the temperature threshold value that sets for, along with the extruded going on, the temperature can improve gradually, when temperature sensor 2 real-time supervision's temperature is higher than the temperature threshold value that sets for, the controller sends alarm signal, the staff can operate according to alarm signal, avoid appearing the accident. If the temperature monitored by the temperature sensor 2 in real time is lower than the set temperature threshold, the heating device can be used for reheating.
The extrusion channel 20 comprises an extrusion channel of an upper extrusion female die 7, the extrusion channel of a middle extrusion female die 9 and the extrusion channel of a lower extrusion female die 10, the upper extrusion female die, the included angle between the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion female die and the extrusion channel inside the middle extrusion female die is 120-145 degrees, the preferable included angle is 145 degrees, the corner of a die inside the middle extrusion female die is 60-90 degrees, the preferable included angle is 90 degrees, the cross sections of the extrusion channel inside the upper extrusion female die and the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion female die are rectangular structures, the cross section of the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die is a V-shaped structure, an aluminum-based blank 8 is placed inside the extrusion channel 20, and the two extrusion channels 20 are symmetrically arranged.
In addition, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower extrusion die 10 is configured to be longitudinally opened and closed, and can be opened when a blank needs to be taken out, so that the blank can be taken out conveniently. The lower extrusion die 10 comprises a left half part and a right half part which are designed in a split mode and can be opened quickly when opened. The lower extrusion female die 10 is arranged to be of an open-close type, and the lower extrusion female die is opened during material taking, so that the lower extrusion female die is convenient to take out, and the problem that materials are inconvenient to take in the prior art is solved.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the upper extrusion concave die 7, the middle extrusion concave die 9 and the lower extrusion concave die 10 may be designed in a split type, which is more convenient for blank taking or other operations.
In other embodiments, the upper press matrix 7, the middle press matrix 9 and the lower press matrix 10 may also be provided as a one-piece structure.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic cylinder is connected to the hydraulic pump 11. In other embodiments, power may be provided in other ways. The hydraulic pump 11 is internally provided with an internal sensor 12.
At the beginning of the extrusion, the initial extrusion force provided by the double-column male die 4 is F First stage During the extrusion, the calculation of the double-column punch 4 by the following formula should providePressing force F of Column And performing real-time regulation and control, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F First stage *δ*0.06；
Wherein, δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000091
wherein, V Go into For feed rate, F Time of flight Average value of extrusion forces, T, received by the two extrusion channels monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Blank temperature, T, monitored in real time by a temperature sensor Die The temperature of the die is monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set billet extrusion time, the unit of t is minute, epsilon is compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000092
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression piston can be adjusted through the backpressure ejector rod 14, and the value range of the compression amount is 5-40%; in the actual extrusion process, when the calculated value of the compression amount epsilon exceeds the value range, the length of an extrusion channel in the lower extrusion female die is adjusted by using the back pressure ejector rod 14.
Double post male die 4 according to F Column The value of (1) is the extrusion force with the error of R, and the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are Column Error of (2) R>When the pressure is 5%, the real-time extrusion force provided by the double-column male die 4 is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are equal to Column Ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5; the optimization algorithm adopts a bacterial foraging optimization algorithm, and the flow of the optimization algorithm is shown in fig. 4.
Simultaneously, a plurality of second force sensorsMonitoring the stress of the extrusion channels in real time, and when the difference | F of the extrusion forces of the blanks on the two extrusion channels Left side of -F Right side When | > λ or more, the controller will send an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die 4 to stop working, where λ is a preset threshold, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force on the right extrusion channel;
when the internal sensor 12 of the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Side wall ≧0.55σ max And a third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure ejector rod 14 Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max The controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor for the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based blank, and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller calculates i difference values X to obtain a calculation formula of a parameter S, wherein the calculation formula of S is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000101
when S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion concave die and simultaneously withdraws the back pressure mandril 14, wherein the part is in the middle of the upper extrusion concave die and the lower extrusion concave die>
Figure BDA0003636785950000102
Is the average of i differences X.
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for preparing an aluminum-based nanomaterial, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the steps of:
s1, preheating a mold channel at a preheating temperature T Preparation of The temperature is 400-750 ℃, and the heat exchange coefficient a is set according to the blank;
s2, placing the processed aluminum-based blank into an upper extrusion female die cavity, heating the aluminum-based blank by regulating and controlling a temperature sensor to reach the specified blank matrix temperature T Base of At 600-820 deg.CHeat preservation for t time Health-care product Is determined by the following formula: t is t Health-care product ＝a/(T Base of -T Preparation of ) The unit is taken in minutes, wherein a is a heat exchange coefficient;
s3, after the aluminum-based blank is heated and insulated, extruding the blank by the double-column male die 4, monitoring the extrusion force borne by an extrusion channel of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the blank in real time by the second force sensor and the temperature sensor respectively, and outputting the extrusion force with the error R less than or equal to 5% by the controller according to the position of the blank and the temperature of the blank in real time;
meanwhile, the second force sensor monitors the stress of the extrusion channels in real time, and when the absolute value | F of the difference value of the extrusion forces of the blanks on the two extrusion channels is larger than the absolute value | F of the difference value Left side of -F Right side When | ≧ lambda, the controller can give an alarm to send a signal to regulate and control the double-column male die 4 to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force applied to the right extrusion channel;
s4, when the aluminum-based blank reaches the lower extrusion female die, after a sensor arranged on a hydraulic pump monitors pressure, the hydraulic pump works to provide a radial shearing force for the aluminum-based blank, and meanwhile, a back pressure ejector rod provides a back force for the aluminum-based blank, so that the aluminum-based blank forms a radial, forward and back three-way stress state; the blank after discharging has high surface smoothness, less waste and high material utilization rate.
S5, when a sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Side wall ≧0.55σ max And the third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure mandril Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max For the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based blank, the controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller calculates i difference values X to obtain a parameter S,
the calculation formula of S is:
Figure BDA0003636785950000111
when S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion concave die and withdraw the back pressure mandril, wherein the pressure is greater than or equal to>
Figure BDA0003636785950000112
Is the average of i X values;
s6, taking out the aluminum-based blank, cooling the aluminum-based blank in a cooling chamber at a cooling rate V Cold Is 0.5 to 3.0, and the unit is DEG C.min -1 ；
S7, after the aluminum-based blank is taken out, closing the lower extrusion female die, resetting the backpressure ejector rod, and waiting for the instruction of the next controller by the hydraulic pump;
s8, extruding the next aluminum-based blank, and repeating the steps S1-S7.
Preferably, in step S3, the pressing force provided by the double-column punch 4 at the beginning of the pressing is F First stage In the extrusion process, the extrusion force parameter delta which should be provided by the double-column male die 4 is calculated through the following formula, and the extrusion force F provided for the double-column male die 4 Column Regulation and control in real time, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F Beginning of the design *δ*0.06；
Wherein δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000113
wherein, V Into For feed rate, F Time of flight Average value of extrusion forces, T, received by the two extrusion channels monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Blank temperature, T, monitored in real time by a temperature sensor Mould The temperature of the die is monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set blank extrusion time, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000121
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other, L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression device can be adjusted through the backpressure ejector rod, and the value range of the compression amount is 5-40%.
Preferably, the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 monitored by the first pressure sensor in the step S3 is equal to F Column Error of (2) R>When the pressure is 5%, the extrusion force provided by the double-column male die 4 is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are equal to Column And ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5.
Preferably, the billet in step S2 is a cylindrical billet with a diameter of 200mm and a length of 1200mm.
It should be noted that, for the convenience of calculation and expression, the above description refers to the pressing force applied per unit area.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
In the embodiment, a 6061 aluminum-based composite material is used as a blank to prepare a cylindrical blank, the diameter of the blank is 200mm, the length of the blank is 1200mm, the preheating temperature of a proper mould of the 6061 aluminum-based composite material is 430-500 ℃, the temperature of a 6061 aluminum alloy matrix is 690-730 ℃, the cooling rate is 1.4-1.6 ℃/min, and the maximum tensile strength sigma of the 6061 aluminum-based blank is max =240MPa, the compression amount ∈ is set to 21.2%, and the holding time tback =6min =, i.e. 360s. During extrusion, lubricating oil is required to be added into an extrusion channel, and in the embodiment, the lubricating oil is 70-80% of No. 72 gasoline and 20-30% of graphite.
The relevant parameters in this example are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1 6061 extrusion Process parameters for aluminum-based billets
Figure BDA0003636785950000122
The extrusion process specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating a die channel at a preheating temperature T Preparation of The heat exchange coefficient a is 1500W/(m) at 450 DEG C 2 .℃)；
S2, placing the processed 6061 aluminum-based blank into an upper extrusion female die cavity, heating the 6061 aluminum-based blank by regulating a temperature sensor and a heating device to reach the specified 6061 blank matrix temperature T Base of Keeping the temperature at 700 ℃ for t Health-care product ＝a/(T Base of -T Preparing ) = 1500/(700-450) =6min, namely the holding time is 6min;
s3, after the aluminum-based blank is heated and insulated, the aluminum-based blank is extruded by the double-column male die 4, the extrusion force of an extrusion channel of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the aluminum-based blank at the moment are respectively monitored by the second force sensor and the temperature sensor in real time in the extrusion process, and the controller can control the extrusion force with the output error R of the double-column male die of less than or equal to 5 percent according to the position of the blank and the temperature of the blank in real time;
meanwhile, the second force sensor monitors the stress of the extrusion channels in real time, and when the absolute value | F of the difference value of the extrusion forces of the blanks on the two extrusion channels is larger than the absolute value | F of the difference value of the extrusion forces of the blanks on the two extrusion channels Left side of -F Right side When | ≧ lambda, the controller can send out an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die 4 to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The lambda =85MPa is set for the 6061 aluminum-based blank as the extrusion force borne by the right extrusion channel;
s4, when the aluminum-based blank reaches the lower extrusion female die, after a sensor arranged on a hydraulic pump monitors pressure, the hydraulic pump works to provide a radial shearing force for the aluminum-based blank, meanwhile, a back pressure ejector rod provides a back force (opposite to the extrusion direction of the double-column male die) for the aluminum-based blank, and the back force provided by the double-column male die is added, so that the aluminum-based blank forms a radial, forward and back three-way stress state;
s5, when a sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Side wall ≥0.55σ max (132 MPa in this example) and a third force sensor monitors the extrusion of the aluminium base billet against the back pressure ramPressure F Back of body ≥1.45σ ma (348 MPa in this example), where σ is max The controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor and calculates 125F for the maximum tensile strength of the 6061 aluminum-based blank to be 240MPa Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X 125 (i =1,2,3.. 125), the controller calculates 125 differences X to obtain a parameter S,
the calculation formula of S is:
Figure BDA0003636785950000131
for a 6061 aluminum-based billet, the mean value of a plurality of X->
Figure BDA0003636785950000132
When the pressure is 115MPa and the controller calculates that S =1.3, the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion female die and withdraw the back pressure ejector rod at the same time;
s6, placing the taken aluminum-based blank into a cooling chamber for cooling at a cooling rate V Cold Is 1.5, with the unit being ℃. Min -1 (ii) a The thermal stress cracking caused by cooling at room temperature can be avoided by placing the cooling chamber for cooling.
S7, after the aluminum-based blank is taken out, closing the lower extrusion female die, resetting the backpressure ejector rod, and waiting for the instruction of the next controller by the hydraulic pump;
s8, extruding the next aluminum-based blank, and repeating the steps S1-S7.
Preferably, in step S3, the pressing force provided by the double-column punch 4 at the beginning of the pressing is F Beginning of the design In the extrusion process, the extrusion force F provided by the double-column male die 4 by the extrusion force parameter delta which is provided by the double-column male die 4 is calculated by the following formula Column Regulation and control in real time, F Column The calculation formula of (c) is as follows:
F column ＝F First stage *δ*0.06；
Wherein δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000141
wherein, V Go into For feed rate, F Time of flight Average value of two extrusion forces of extrusion channels, T, monitored by the second force sensor in real time Blank Blank temperature, T, monitored in real time by a temperature sensor Mould The temperature of the die is monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set blank extrusion time, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure BDA0003636785950000142
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of (2) can be adjusted by a back pressure ejector rod, and the compression amount of the 6061 aluminum-based blank is set to be 21.2%.
In this embodiment, in step S3, the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are detected Column Error of (2) R>At 5%, the extrusion force F provided by the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm to the double-column male die 4 is utilized Column Performing iterative optimization until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die 4 and the force F monitored by the first pressure sensor are equal Column And (4) ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5.
In this embodiment, the billet in step S2 is a cylindrical billet having a diameter of 200mm and a length of 1200mm.
After the extrusion is completed, observing the microstructure of the 6061 aluminum-based extruded blank in fig. 5b, comparing with the original aluminum-based blank in fig. 5a, the original crystal grains are coarse, wherein a large amount of granular substances are aluminum borate whiskers, plate-shaped aluminum is filled among the aluminum borate whiskers, the average crystal grain size is 45um, and the room-temperature mechanical property of the aluminum-based blank is as follows: the elongation is 7.1%, the tensile strength is 240MPa, the microhardness is 38HV, after the aluminum-based blank is extruded, the grain structure can be observed to be obviously refined, the structure is more delicate, after 3 times of deformation, the shape of the blank is basically unchanged, the end part does not have a sharp part, the surface smoothness is high, the grain size of the aluminum-based blank is refined to 1.1um, and the room-temperature mechanical properties of the alloy are respectively as follows: the elongation rate reaches 25%, the tensile strength is 358MPa, and the microhardness is 55HV, so that the strength, the elongation rate and the microhardness of the extruded aluminum-based blank are obviously improved compared with the original 6061 aluminum-based blank after the material is extruded by using the device disclosed by the invention. The microstructure of the aluminium based billet before and after extrusion is shown in figure 5 b.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for preparing aluminum-based nano material is characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a double-column male die, an upper extrusion female die, a middle extrusion female die, a lower extrusion female die, an extrusion channel, a die sleeve, a guide system, a heating device, a hydraulic pump and a back pressure ejector rod;
the double-column male die is connected with two extrusion channels, a first force sensor and a speed sensor are mounted on the upper portion of the double-column male die, the first force sensor is used for monitoring the extrusion force output by the double-column male die, the speed sensor is used for monitoring the feeding speed, a plurality of second force sensors are uniformly arranged outside the two extrusion channels respectively and used for monitoring the extrusion force applied to the two extrusion channels, the output ends of the first force sensor, the speed sensor and the second force sensors are connected with the input end of a controller respectively, the controller calculates the extrusion force difference applied to the two extrusion channels according to the extrusion force monitored by the second force sensors, when the difference of the force applied to the two extrusion channels is larger than a preset threshold value, the controller stops the double-column male die to work, and when the difference of the force applied to the two extrusion channels is smaller than the preset threshold value, the controller adjusts the extrusion force applied to the double-column male die;
the two extrusion channels are symmetrically arranged with each other, and aluminum-based blanks are placed in the two extrusion channels;
the side wall of the lower extrusion female die is connected with the hydraulic pump by a connecting rod; the output ends of the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the controller, and the controller adjusts the output forces of the backpressure ejector rod and the hydraulic pump according to the monitored real-time forces of the backpressure ejector rod and the hydraulic pump;
the upper extrusion female die is provided with a temperature sensor and a heating device for monitoring the temperature of the die and the temperature of the aluminum-based blank, the heating device regulates and controls the die and the aluminum-based blank according to the real-time monitored temperature of the temperature sensor and a set temperature threshold, and when the real-time monitored temperature of the temperature sensor is higher than the set temperature threshold, the controller sends an alarm signal;
the extrusion device comprises an upper extrusion female die, a middle extrusion female die and a lower extrusion female die, wherein the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die jointly form a multi-pass extrusion channel, the sections of the extrusion channels of the upper extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are both rectangular structures, the section of the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die is a V-shaped structure, the included angle of the V-shaped structure is 60-90 degrees, and the included angles between the extrusion channel of the upper extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the middle extrusion female die and the extrusion channel of the lower extrusion female die are 120-145 degrees;
when the extrusion is started, the initial extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is F First stage In the extrusion process, the extrusion force F which should be provided by the double-column male die is calculated by the following formula Zxfoom And performing real-time regulation and control, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F First stage *δ*0.06；
Wherein, δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure FDA0003984253420000021
wherein the content of the first and second substances,V into For feed speed, F Time-piece Average value of extrusion forces received by the two extrusion channels, T, monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Temperature, T, of aluminum-based blank for real-time monitoring by temperature sensor Die The method is characterized in that the method is a die temperature monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set aluminum-based blank extrusion time, the unit is minute, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure FDA0003984253420000022
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression rod can be adjusted through a backpressure ejector rod, and the value range of the compression amount is 5% -40%;
double post male die according to F Column The value of (1) is the extrusion force with the error of R, and when the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first force sensor are the extrusion force of R Column Error of (2) R>When the pressure is 5%, the real-time extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first force sensor are equal to Column Ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5;
meanwhile, a plurality of second force sensors arranged on the two extrusion channels monitor the extrusion forces applied to the two extrusion channels in real time, and when the extrusion forces of the blanks applied to the two extrusion channels are different from each other by the | F | value Left side of -F Right side When | ≧ lambda, the controller sends out an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force on the right extrusion channel;
finally, when a sensor inside the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Side wall ≥0.55σ max And the third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure ejector rod Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max Is the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based billetThe controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller performs calculation processing on the i difference values X to obtain a parameter S, and a calculation formula of the parameter S is as follows:
Figure FDA0003984253420000023
when the S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion female die and withdraw the back pressure ejector rod at the same time, wherein,
Figure FDA0003984253420000024
is the average of i differences X.
2. The apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are of split structures.
3. The apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the included angle of V-arrangement structure is 90, go up extrusion die extrusion passageway and well extrusion die extrusion passageway and the included angle between the extrusion die extrusion passageway down is 145.
4. The apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein: and the outer parts of the upper extrusion female die, the middle extrusion female die and the lower extrusion female die are provided with die sleeves.
5. The apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the double-column male die is characterized in that two sides of the double-column male die are respectively provided with a guide system, each guide system comprises a guide column, a guide sleeve and a guide column, the guide columns are arranged on the base, the guide sleeves are sleeved on the upper portions of the guide columns, the guide columns are sleeved on the upper portions of the guide sleeves, and the upper surfaces of the guide columns are connected with the fixed lower surfaces of the double-column male dies.
6. The apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 1, wherein: the lower extrusion female die is of a longitudinal opening-closing type structure.
7. A method for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial using the apparatus for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: which comprises the following steps:
s1, preheating a mold channel at a preheating temperature T Preparation of Is 400 to 750 ℃;
s2, placing the processed aluminum-based blank into an upper extrusion female die cavity, heating the aluminum-based blank by regulating a temperature sensor and a heating device to reach the specified blank matrix temperature T Base of The temperature is kept between 600 and 820 ℃, and the temperature keeping time t Security device The values of (a) are calculated in minutes according to the following formula:
t health-care product ＝a/(T Base of -T Preparation of )；
Wherein a is a heat exchange coefficient;
s3, after the aluminum-based blank is heated and insulated, the double-column male die extrudes the aluminum-based blank, the extrusion force borne by an extrusion channel of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the blank are respectively monitored by a second force sensor and a temperature sensor in real time in the extrusion process of the aluminum-based blank, and a controller controls the extrusion force with the output error R of the double-column male die being less than or equal to 5% according to the position of the aluminum-based blank and the temperature of the blank in real time;
meanwhile, the second force sensor monitors the stress of the extrusion channels in real time, and when the absolute value | F of the difference value of the extrusion forces of the aluminum-based blanks on the two extrusion channels Left side of -F Right side When | ≧ lambda, the controller sends out an alarm signal to regulate and control the double-column male die to stop working, wherein lambda is a preset threshold value, and F Left side of The extrusion force applied to the left extrusion channel, F Right side The extrusion force on the right extrusion channel;
s4, when the aluminum-based blank reaches the lower extrusion female die, after the sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the pressure, the hydraulic pump starts to work to provide a radial shearing force for the aluminum-based blank, and meanwhile, after the third force sensor monitors the pressure, the back pressure ejector rod provides a back force for the aluminum-based blank, so that the aluminum-based blank forms a radial, forward and back three-way stress state;
s5, when a sensor in the hydraulic pump monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the hydraulic pump Side wall ≥0.55σ max And the third force sensor monitors the extrusion force F of the aluminum-based blank to the back pressure ejector rod Back of body ≥1.45σ max In the formula, σ max For the maximum tensile strength of the aluminum-based blank, the controller starts to store the data monitored by the third force sensor and the hydraulic pump internal sensor and calculates i F Back of body And F Side wall Wherein X = F Back of body -F Side wall And records X i ＝X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 ,.....X n (i =1,2,3.. N), the controller calculates i difference values X to obtain a parameter S,
the calculation formula of S is:
Figure FDA0003984253420000041
when the S belongs to (-1,3), the controller controls the hydraulic pump to open the lower extrusion female die and simultaneously withdraw the back pressure ejector rod, wherein,
Figure FDA0003984253420000042
is the average of i difference values X;
s6, taking out the aluminum-based blank, placing the aluminum-based blank in a cooling chamber for cooling, wherein the cooling rate V is Cold Is 0.5 to 3.0, and the unit is DEG C.min -1 ；
S7, after the aluminum-based blank is taken out, closing the lower extrusion female die, resetting the backpressure ejector rod, and waiting for the instruction of the next controller by the hydraulic pump;
s8, extruding the next aluminum-based blank, and repeating the steps S1-S7.
8. The method of claim 7The method for preparing the aluminum-based nano material is characterized by comprising the following steps: in step S3, when the extrusion is started, the extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is F First stage In the extrusion process, the extrusion force F which should be provided by the double-column male die is calculated by the following formula Column And performing real-time regulation and control, F Column The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
F column ＝F First stage *δ*0.06；
Wherein δ is an intermediate parameter, and the calculation formula of δ is as follows:
Figure FDA0003984253420000043
wherein, V Into For feed rate, F Time of flight Average value of extrusion forces, T, received by the two extrusion channels monitored in real time by the second force sensor Blank Blank temperature, T, for real-time monitoring by a temperature sensor Die The temperature of the die is monitored by a temperature sensor in real time, t is set blank extrusion time, and epsilon is the compression amount, wherein the calculation formula of the compression amount epsilon is as follows:
Figure FDA0003984253420000044
wherein L is the length of the integral extrusion channel, L Lower part For the length of the extrusion channel inside the lower extrusion die, L Lower part The length of the compression rod can be adjusted through the backpressure ejector rod, and the value range of the compression amount is 5% -40%.
9. The method for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 8, characterized in that: in step S3, the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first force sensor are compared with Column Error R of>When the pressure is 5%, the real-time extrusion force provided by the double-column male die is iteratively optimized by using an optimization algorithm until the real-time extrusion force output by the double-column male die and the real-time extrusion force F monitored by the first force sensor are equal to Column And ending the optimization when the error R is less than or equal to 5.
10. The method for preparing aluminum-based nanomaterial according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step S2, the blank is a cylindrical blank, the diameter of the cylindrical blank is 200mm, and the length of the cylindrical blank is 1200mm.
CN202210507943.8A 2022-05-10 2022-05-10 Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material Active CN114871287B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210507943.8A CN114871287B (en) 2022-05-10 2022-05-10 Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210507943.8A CN114871287B (en) 2022-05-10 2022-05-10 Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114871287A CN114871287A (en) 2022-08-09
CN114871287B true CN114871287B (en) 2023-03-24

Family

ID=82675797

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210507943.8A Active CN114871287B (en) 2022-05-10 2022-05-10 Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114871287B (en)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1133211A (en) * 1994-08-02 1996-10-16 挪威海德罗公司 Extruding mould
JP2004025266A (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-01-29 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd Method for extruding metallic material
CN203448426U (en) * 2013-08-29 2014-02-26 四川明珠电工材料有限责任公司 Two-hole extrusion die
CN109290384A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-02-01 湖北工业大学 A kind of plate severe plastic deformation extrusion die
CN109759471A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-05-17 长沙仲腾金属材料科技有限公司 A kind of equal channel pressings mold preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material and method
CN110026444A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-19 上海工程技术大学 A kind of automation equipment being used to prepare ultrafine grain metal material and control method
CN111992591A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-11-27 兰州理工大学 Extrusion-SECAP Extrusion deformation device and method for preparing fine crystalline material

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1133211A (en) * 1994-08-02 1996-10-16 挪威海德罗公司 Extruding mould
JP2004025266A (en) * 2002-06-27 2004-01-29 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd Method for extruding metallic material
CN203448426U (en) * 2013-08-29 2014-02-26 四川明珠电工材料有限责任公司 Two-hole extrusion die
CN109290384A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-02-01 湖北工业大学 A kind of plate severe plastic deformation extrusion die
CN109759471A (en) * 2018-12-18 2019-05-17 长沙仲腾金属材料科技有限公司 A kind of equal channel pressings mold preparing ultra-fine crystal block body material and method
CN110026444A (en) * 2019-04-25 2019-07-19 上海工程技术大学 A kind of automation equipment being used to prepare ultrafine grain metal material and control method
CN111992591A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-11-27 兰州理工大学 Extrusion-SECAP Extrusion deformation device and method for preparing fine crystalline material

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN114871287A (en) 2022-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN105728493B (en) A kind of combined type, which is turned round, squeezes the compound large plastometric set device of pier and manufacturing process
CN1043318C (en) Mould for the continuous casting of thin slabs
US5400633A (en) Apparatus and method for deformation processing of metals, ceramics, plastics and other materials
US20080202653A1 (en) Extrusion of a Metal Alloy Containing Copper and Zinc
CN111672925B (en) Electric field assisted titanium alloy micro-gear extrusion forming die and method thereof
CN1807004A (en) 7075 aluminium alloy profile on line quenching method
CN2690068Y (en) Device for preparing super fine grain crystal pipe by equal passage corner extrusion
CN204108005U (en) A kind of amorphous alloy pipe extrusion molding apparatus
CN114871287B (en) Device and method for preparing aluminum-based nano material
CN107755444A (en) A kind of tin brass welding rod continuous extruder and the production technology based on the extruder
TW201718223A (en) Variable cross section extrusion device and extrusion method including a billet receiving bucket, a fixed extrusion mold, an extrusion male mold, a reciprocating extrusion mold, and an extrusion rod
CN209502590U (en) A kind of metal alloy compositions extrusion molding dies
CN113560362A (en) High-performance magnesium-aluminum alloy variable cross-section extrusion-torsion composite processing device and preparation process thereof
CN103878195B (en) Magnesium alloy plate extruding formation process
CN106544608B (en) A kind of manufacturing process of the thick fine grain magnesium alloy with high strength and ductility forging of spy
CN110681711A (en) Extrusion-ECAP Extrusion deformation device and method for preparing fine-grained material
CN114289538B (en) Ultra-thin copper profile product extrusion process with ultra-large width-to-width ratio
CN109576616A (en) A kind of aluminium alloy pipe size method for controlling springback
Li et al. A 3D FEM simulation study on the isothermal extrusion of a 7075 aluminium billet with a predetermined non-linear temperature distribution
Tolkushkin et al. Development and research of the billet forging technology in the newly designed step-wedge dies
CN105689424B (en) A kind of high-pressure rotary companding extrudes large plastometric set building mortion
CN110465554A (en) A kind of molding die of big section thick-wall aluminum alloy profile
CN110814249B (en) Forming method of stainless steel long pipe forging
US11701704B1 (en) Processing die and preparation method for fastener
CN110385352B (en) Production method of special-shaped copper alloy strip for connector

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant