CN114870946A

CN114870946A - Preparation method and equipment of combustible refuse fuel rod

Info

Publication number: CN114870946A
Application number: CN202210611309.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴迪; 石岩; 钱姗; 李妍
Original assignee: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-06-01
Filing date: 2022-06-01
Publication date: 2022-08-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and equipment for preparing high-density fuel rods by quickly reducing combustible garbage. The device comprises a feeding device, a crushing device, an extrusion device, an exhaust gas purification system and an electrical control system. The invention mainly aims at a series of problems of loose volume, difficult storage and transportation, low calorific value of unit volume and the like of combustible garbage, provides a method and equipment for preparing high-density fuel rods by quickly reducing the combustible garbage, prepares the combustible garbage into a rod-shaped structure convenient for transportation and use, and has the technical advantages of simple process, suitability for large-scale production, low cost, no secondary pollution and the like.

Description

Preparation method and equipment of combustible refuse fuel rod

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of combustible garbage resource utilization, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for preparing a high-density fuel rod by quickly reducing combustible garbage.

Background

The combustible garbage refers to combustible garbage, and comprises plant garbage, waste paper which is not suitable for recycling, waste plastic rubber, old fabric articles, waste wood and the like. The incineration method is one of the main methods for treating combustible garbage, and is characterized in that the combustible garbage is oxidized at high temperature through appropriate reactions such as thermal decomposition, combustion, melting and the like, various pathogens are eliminated, toxic and harmful substances are converted into harmless substances, and finally, the harmless substances or the molten solid substances are buried and recycled, so that the reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the garbage are realized.

The combustible garbage is loose in volume, contains a large amount of paper scraps, wood chips, plastic sheets and the like, and is not easy to store, transport, put in and combust. And the combustible garbage has various types, different sizes and low heat value of unit volume, so that the power generation and heat conversion efficiency is reduced, and the emission rate of toxic and harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, sulfur dioxide and the like is improved. Therefore, the combustible garbage is recommended to be pretreated before being incinerated, the volume of the garbage is reduced, the compactness of the garbage is improved, and the combustible garbage is convenient to transport and incinerate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method and equipment for preparing high-density fuel rods by quickly reducing combustible garbage aiming at a series of problems of loose combustible garbage volume, difficult storage and transportation, low calorific value of unit volume and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses the following technical scheme:

the preparation equipment for the combustible refuse fuel rod is characterized by comprising a feeding device, a crushing device, an extrusion device, a waste gas purification system and an electrical control system.

The feeding device is a lifting belt conveyor 1, and one side of the lifting belt conveyor 1 is arranged above a raw material hopper 3 in the dust-proof box 2;

the crushing device adopts a double-geared roller crusher and mainly comprises a crushing motor, a reduction gearbox, a gear box, a dust-proof box, a raw material hopper, a base and a frame. A first crushing roller 5 and a second crushing roller 6 which rotate oppositely are arranged in the gear box 4 and are respectively connected with a reduction box I7, a crushing motor I8, a reduction box II 9 and a crushing motor II 10 on two sides of the gear box in sequence; the upper portion of gear box is provided with raw materials fill 3, and the outside parcel of raw materials fill 3 is provided with dust proof box 2 of steel sheet concatenation design. The gearbox 4 is connected to a frame 12 via a base 11. Four support posts of the frame 12 are grounded.

The extrusion device adopts a single-screw or double-screw extruder and mainly comprises a feeding device, a main motor, a conveying belt, a gearbox, an extruder barrel, a screw, a cutting die, an exhaust port, a support column and a rack base. The feeding device comprises a feeding hopper 13, a feeding motor 14, a reduction gearbox III 15, a feeding screw 16 and a discharging cavity 17, wherein the feeding motor 14, the reduction gearbox III 15 and the feeding screw 16 are connected in sequence; the feed hopper 13 is tightly connected with a discharge port of the crushing device; the blanking cavity 17 is connected with the feeding end of an extruder barrel 18; the output end of the main motor 19 is sequentially connected with a fourth reduction gearbox 21 and a bearing 22 through a conveying belt 20 to form a transmission system, a driving screw 23 supplies torque and rotating speed required by the screw in the extrusion process; the outer surface of the screw 23 is embedded with a helical blade 24; the extruder barrel 18 is connected to a carriage base 26 by support posts 25; the extruder barrel 18 is provided with a vent 27; the discharge end of the extruder barrel 18 is sleeved with a cutting die 28; a hole sleeve 281 is arranged in the middle of the cutting die 28 and connected to the tail end of the screw, discharge holes 282 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cutting die, and a cutter 283 is arranged on the outer side of the cutting die; the cutter is fixedly connected to the tail end of the screw rod and rotates along with the screw rod to cut off the fuel rod; the cutting die 28 is detachable, and fuel rods with different diameters can be obtained by replacing cutting dies with different calibers.

The waste gas purification system comprises a gas collecting hood 29, an air inlet pipe 30, a fan 31 and a tail gas purification device 32 which are connected in sequence; the gas collecting hood 29 is positioned above the gas exhaust port 27 and the cutting die 28; the tail gas purification device 32 is an integrated device formed by sequentially connecting UV photo-oxygen catalysis and activated carbon adsorption.

The electric control system adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller) variable frequency control cabinet 33, a variable frequency speed regulating device is installed, a feeding device, a crushing device, an extruding device and a waste gas purifying system are controlled simultaneously, and the PLC programmable control system realizes automatic acquisition and operation automation of equipment.

The invention further discloses a preparation method of the combustible refuse fuel rod, which comprises the following steps:

(1) after being dried or aired to the moisture content of 10-20%, the combustible garbage is conveyed to a raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher through a lifting belt conveyor, and a dust-proof box is wrapped outside the raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher, so that dust pollution generated in the garbage crushing process can be effectively avoided;

(2) two round rollers in the double-geared roller crusher rotate oppositely, and combustible garbage is rolled into a crushing cavity formed by the two rollers and crushed into fragments with the granularity of 1-5 cm. The crushed garbage is discharged from the gap between the two rollers and enters a feed hopper of the extruder under the action of gravity;

(3) garbage in the feeding hopper enters the blanking cavity under the transmission of the helical blades on the feeding screw rod and then falls to the feeding end of the extruder barrel from the blanking cavity, so that batch component transmission of the garbage is realized, the accumulation and blockage of materials in the extruder are reduced, and the service life of the extruder is prolonged;

(4) and conveying the fragments entering the extruder barrel forwards under the rotation of the screw, wherein the rotating speed of the screw is controlled to be 10-100 revolutions per minute. In the advancing process, the temperature of garbage fragments is raised to 70-120 ℃ through the heating of an extruder barrel and the shearing and compression effects brought by a screw, the garbage fragments are extruded out through a circular discharge port on a cutting die to form a cylinder with the diameter of 2 cm-5 cm, and the cylinder is cut at regular time through a cutter to obtain the fuel rod with the length of 5 cm-15 cm.

(5) In order to prevent the garbage from releasing toxic and harmful gases to cause secondary pollution to the environment in the heating, extruding and cutting processes, a gas collecting hood is adopted to extract the gas above an air outlet of an extruder barrel and a cutting die, and the gas is sequentially purified by a UV photo-oxygen catalysis and activated carbon adsorption device and then is discharged.

(6) The PLC variable frequency control cabinet controls the operation of the feeding device, the crushing device, the extruding device and the waste gas purifying system, the variable frequency energy is saved, the operation is stable, and the automation degree is high.

The invention also discloses the application of the combustible refuse fuel rod prepared by the method in reducing the volume of combustible refuse and improving the heat value. The experimental result shows that after the combustible garbage is crushed and extruded into fuel rods, the volume is reduced by more than 10 times, the heat value is increased from 17.65 MJ/kg to 21.09 MJ/kg, and is increased by 19.5%.

Compared with the prior art, the preparation system and the equipment of the combustible refuse fuel rod disclosed by the invention have the positive effects that:

(1) the invention provides complete equipment integrating crushing, extrusion, dust removal and waste gas purification, and the complete equipment is used for preparing combustible garbage into a rod-shaped structure convenient to transport and use and has the technical advantages of simple process, suitability for large-scale production, low cost, no secondary pollution and the like.

(2) The complete equipment provided by the invention has a dust removal function and a tail gas purification function, the dust removal function prevents dust from scattering around in the crushing process of the garbage, the dust content in the working environment is reduced, and the tail gas purification function prevents the garbage from emitting harmful gas in the heating, extruding and cutting processes to cause secondary pollution to the environment.

(3) The complete equipment provided by the invention can be used for processing fuel rods with different diameters and lengths, and meets the combustion requirements of different use places.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cutting die according to the present invention;

reference numbers in the figures:

1 lifting a belt conveyor; 2, a dust-proof box; 3, a raw material hopper; 4 a gear case; 5 a first crushing roller;

6 a second crushing roller; 7 a first reduction gearbox; 8 a first crushing motor; 9 a second reduction gearbox;

10 a second crushing motor; 11 a base; 12 a frame; 13 a feed hopper; 14 a feed motor;

15 a third reduction gearbox; 16 feed screws; 17 a blanking cavity; 18 extruder barrel;

19 a main motor; 20 a conveyor belt; 21 a fourth reduction gearbox; 22 bearings; a screw 23;

24 helical blades; 25 support columns; 26 a frame base; 27 an exhaust port; 28 cutting the die;

29 gas-collecting hood; 30 air inlet pipes; 31 a fan; 32 a tail gas purification device;

33 PLC variable frequency control cabinet; 281 sets of holes; 282 discharge holes; 283 a cutting knife.

Detailed Description

The invention is described below by means of specific embodiments. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the present invention are well known to those skilled in the art. In addition, the embodiments should be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, of the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made in these embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1

An equipment for preparing combustible refuse fuel rods comprises a feeding device, a crushing device, an extrusion device, a waste gas purification system and an electrical control system; wherein

the breaker is double toothed roll crusher, mainly includes: the device comprises a crushing motor, a reduction gearbox, a gear box, a dust-proof box, a raw material hopper, a base and a frame; a first crushing roller 5 and a second crushing roller 6 which rotate oppositely are arranged in the gear box 4 and are respectively connected with a first reduction gearbox 7, a first crushing motor 8, a second reduction gearbox 9 and a second crushing motor 10 on two sides of the gear box in sequence; the upper portion of gear box is provided with raw materials fill 3, has wrapped up the dust-proof box 2 that the steel sheet concatenation was designed in the outside of raw materials fill, and gear box 4 is connected with frame 12 through base 11, and four support columns of frame are landed and are connected.

The extrusion device is a single-screw or double-screw extruder and mainly comprises: the device comprises a feeding device, a main motor, a conveying belt, a gearbox, an extruder barrel, a screw, a cutting die, an exhaust port, a support column and a rack base; the feeding device comprises a feeding hopper 13, a feeding motor 14, a third reduction gearbox 15, a feeding screw 16 and a discharging cavity 17, wherein the feeding motor 41, the third reduction gearbox 15 and the feeding screw 16 are connected in sequence; the feed hopper 13 is tightly connected with a discharge port of the crushing device; the blanking cavity 17 is connected with the feeding end of an extruder barrel 18; the output end of the main motor 19 is sequentially connected with a fourth reduction gearbox 21, a bearing 22 and a screw 23 through a conveying belt 20, and a helical blade 24 is embedded in the outer surface of the screw; the extruder barrel 18 is connected to a carriage base 26 by support posts 25; the extruder barrel 18 is provided with a vent 27; the discharge end of the extruder barrel is sleeved with a cutting die 28; a hole sleeve 281 is arranged in the middle of the cutting die and connected to the tail end of the screw, discharge holes 282 are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cutting die, and cutters 283 are arranged on the outer side of the cutting die; the cutter is fixedly connected to the tail end of the screw rod and rotates along with the screw rod to cut off the fuel rod; the exhaust gas purification system includes: the gas-collecting hood 29, the air inlet pipe 30, the fan 31 and the tail gas purification device 32 are connected in sequence; wherein the gas-collecting channel 29 is located above the gas outlet 27 and the cutting die 28; the tail gas purification device 32 is an integrated device formed by sequentially connecting UV photo-oxygen catalysis and activated carbon adsorption;

the electric control system adopts a PLC (programmable logic controller) variable frequency control cabinet 33, a variable frequency speed regulating device is installed, a feeding device, a crushing device, an extruding device and a waste gas purifying system are controlled simultaneously, and the PLC programmable control system realizes automatic acquisition and operation automation of equipment. The cutting die 28 is detachable, and fuel rods with different diameters can be obtained by replacing cutting dies with different calibers.

Example 2

A preparation method of combustible refuse fuel rods comprises the following steps:

(1) combustible garbage is dried or aired to have the water content of 10%, and then is conveyed to a raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher through a lifting belt conveyor, and a dust-proof box is wrapped outside the raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher, so that dust pollution generated in the garbage crushing process is effectively avoided;

(2) two round rollers in the double-geared roller crusher rotate oppositely, and combustible garbage is rolled into a crushing cavity formed by the two rollers and crushed into fragments with the granularity of 4 cm; the crushed garbage is discharged from the gap between the two rollers and enters a feed hopper of the extruder under the action of gravity;

(4) conveying the fragments entering an extruder barrel forwards under the rotation of a screw, controlling the rotating speed of the screw to be 80 revolutions per minute, heating the extruder barrel and shearing and compressing the fragments by the screw in the advancing process, raising the temperature of the garbage fragments to 100 ℃, extruding the garbage fragments through a circular discharge hole on a cutting die to form a cylinder with the diameter of 3cm, and cutting the cylinder at regular time by a cutter to obtain a fuel rod with the length of 8 cm;

(5) extracting gas above an exhaust port of the extruder barrel and a cutting die by using a gas collecting hood, and discharging the gas after the gas is sequentially purified by a UV photo-oxygen catalysis and activated carbon adsorption device;

Example 3

Description of practical use cases:

the combustible garbage classified in certain area of Tianjin city mainly comprises plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic ropes, old fabric articles, paper boxes, waste rubber and the like. After the fuel rod is aired until the water content is 15%, the fuel rod is processed by adopting the method and the device. Combustible garbage is conveyed to a raw material hopper of a double-geared roller crusher through a lifting belt conveyor and is crushed into fragments with the granularity of 3 cm. And then the waste chips enter a feed hopper of a single-screw extruder, the rotating speed of a screw of the extruder is set to be 30 revolutions per minute, the temperature of the waste chips is controlled to rise to 120 ℃, the diameter of an upper discharge hole of a cutting die is 3.5cm, and the waste chips are cut into fuel rods with the diameter of 3.5cm and the length of 10cm by a cutter.

By referring to GB/T30727-2014 'method for measuring calorific value of solid biomass fuel' and GB/T28732-2012 'method for measuring total sulfur of solid biomass fuel', the combustible refuse fuel rod has a low-level calorific value of 4874 Kcal/kg, a high-level calorific value of 5213Kcal/kg and a sulfur content of 0.17%.

Example 4

Comparative experiment

The combustible garbage classified in certain area of Tianjin city mainly comprises plastic bags, plastic bottles, plastic ropes, old fabric articles, paper boxes, waste rubber and the like. After being dried until the water content is 15 percent, the fuel rod with the diameter of 3.5cm and the length of 10cm is processed by adopting the method. The density of the fuel rod is determined to be 1.3g/cm ³ After the combustible garbage is crushed and extruded into fuel rods, the volume is reduced by more than 10 times, the heat value Q is increased from 17.65 MJ/kg to 21.09 MJ/kg, and is increased by 19.5%. Therefore, the method of the invention can facilitate the collection and transportation of the combustible garbage and can obviously improve the combustion heat value of the combustible garbage.

Claims

1. An equipment for preparing combustible refuse fuel rods is characterized by comprising a feeding device, a crushing device, an extrusion device, a waste gas purification system and an electrical control system; wherein

The feeding device is a lifting belt conveyor (1), and one side of the lifting belt conveyor (1) is arranged above a raw material hopper (3) in the dust-proof box (2);

the breaker is double toothed roll crusher, mainly includes: the device comprises a crushing motor, a reduction gearbox, a gear box, a dust-proof box, a raw material hopper, a base and a frame; a first crushing roller (5) and a second crushing roller (6) which rotate in opposite directions are arranged in the gear box (4) and are respectively connected with a first reduction gearbox (7), a first crushing motor (8), a second reduction gearbox (9) and a second crushing motor (10) on two sides of the gear box (4) in sequence; the upper part of the gear box (4) is provided with a raw material hopper (3), the outer part of the raw material hopper (3) is wrapped with a dust-proof box (2) which is designed by splicing steel plates, the gear box (4) is connected with a rack (12) through a base (11), and four support columns of the rack (12) are grounded and connected;

the extrusion device is a single-screw or double-screw extruder and mainly comprises: the device comprises a feeding device, a main motor, a conveying belt, a gearbox, an extruder barrel, a screw, a cutting die, an exhaust port, a support column and a rack base; the feeding device comprises a feeding hopper (13), a feeding motor (14), a third reduction gearbox (15), a feeding screw (16) and a discharging cavity (17), wherein the feeding motor (14), the third reduction gearbox (15) and the feeding screw (16) are connected in sequence; the feed hopper (13) is tightly connected with a discharge port of the crushing device; the blanking cavity (17) is connected with the feeding end of the extruder barrel (18); the output end of the main motor (19) is sequentially connected with a fourth reduction gearbox (21), a bearing (22) and a screw rod (23) through a conveying belt (20), and a helical blade (24) is embedded in the outer surface of the screw rod (23); the extruder barrel (18) is connected with a rack base (26) through a supporting column (25); the extruder cylinder (18) is provided with a vent (27); the discharge end of the extruder barrel (18) is sleeved with a cutting die (28); a hole sleeve (281) is arranged in the middle of the cutting die (28) and connected to the tail end of the screw rod (23), discharge holes (282) are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the cutting die, and cutters (283) are arranged on the outer side of the cutting die; the cutter is fixedly connected to the tail end of the screw rod and rotates along with the screw rod to cut off the fuel rod; the exhaust gas purification system includes: the gas-collecting hood (29), the air inlet pipe (30), the fan (31) and the tail gas purification device (32) are connected in sequence; wherein the gas collecting hood (29) is positioned above the gas exhaust opening (27) and the cutting die (28); the tail gas purification device (32) is an integrated device formed by sequentially connecting UV photo-oxygen catalysis and activated carbon adsorption;

the electric control system adopts a PLC variable frequency control cabinet (33), a variable frequency speed regulating device is installed, a feeding device, a crushing device, an extruding device and a waste gas purifying system are controlled simultaneously, and the PLC programmable control system realizes automatic acquisition and operation automation of equipment.

2. Equipment for the preparation of combustible refuse fuel rods according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting dies (28) are removable, and fuel rods of different diameter sizes can be obtained by replacing cutting dies of different diameter sizes.

3. An apparatus for preparing combustible refuse fuel rods according to claim 1, characterized in that the output end of the main motor (19) is connected with a fourth reduction gearbox (21) and a bearing (22) in sequence through a conveying belt (20) to form a transmission system, a driving screw (23) and a supply screw (23) for the torque and the rotating speed required by the extrusion process.

4. The preparation method of the combustible refuse fuel rod is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) after the combustible garbage is dried or aired to the water content of 10% -20%, the combustible garbage is conveyed to a raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher through a lifting belt conveyor, and a dust-proof box is wrapped outside the raw material hopper of the double-tooth-roller crusher, so that dust pollution generated in the garbage crushing process is effectively avoided;

(2) two round rollers in the double-geared roller crusher rotate oppositely, and combustible garbage is rolled into a crushing cavity formed by the two rollers and crushed into fragments with the granularity of 1-5 cm; the crushed garbage is discharged from the gap between the two rollers and enters a feed hopper of the extruder under the action of gravity;

(4) conveying the fragments entering an extruder barrel forwards under the rotation of a screw, controlling the rotating speed of the screw to be 10-100 revolutions per minute, heating the extruder barrel, shearing and compressing the fragments by the screw in the advancing process, raising the temperature of the garbage fragments to 70-120 ℃, extruding the garbage fragments through a circular discharge hole in a cutting die to form a cylinder with the diameter of 2-5 cm, and cutting the cylinder by a cutter at regular time to obtain a fuel rod with the length of 5-15 cm;

5. The combustible refuse fuel rod prepared by the method of claim 1 can be used for improving the combustion efficiency of combustible refuse and reducing secondary pollution.