CN114868747B - 黄曲霉抑菌组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物及其应用,黄曲霉抑菌组合物包括十二醛和香叶醇。本发明的黄曲霉抑菌组合物通过十二醛和香叶醇的协同作用,能够有效抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发,对黄曲霉孢子萌发抑制效果很好。其中十二醛对黄曲霉细胞膜完整性的破坏作用较为显著,香叶醇对黄曲霉细胞膜脂质过氧化作用较为显著,因此十二醛和香叶醇的协同能够对黄曲霉的细胞结构造成综合性破坏,从而较两者单独使用时具有更好的抑菌效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抑菌剂技术领域,具体涉及一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物及其应用。
背景技术
食品防腐剂是现代食品加工生产中用于提升食品品质、延长食品保质期的重要方式。按照来源划分,防腐剂可以分成天然防腐剂和化学合成防腐剂。但是长期食用人工合成防腐剂对人体带来的潜在风险不容忽视,随着食品安全意识的提高,人们对绿色、健康食品的追求越来越高。
天然防腐剂也称天然有机防腐剂,是从生物体内存在的具有抑菌作用的物质中,经人工提取或者加工而成的食品防腐剂。天然防腐剂具有低毒、高效、易降解和对环境污染小的特点,对人畜安全、对环境友好,因而是一类有发展前景的食品防腐剂。通过对不同种类天然防腐剂进行组合,能够起到协同增效的作用,协同作用使靶标菌群不易产生抗性,因此研究并利用天然防腐剂来防治霉变中的菌群,逐渐成为国内外研究热点。
黄曲霉是一种常见的霉菌,极易在农作物产后储藏和食品加工过程中发生污染,作为一种条件致病菌,还能够引发人和动物患曲霉病。同时,黄曲霉产生黄曲霉毒素,其毒性强,致癌几率大,严重威胁人类身体健康。鉴于黄曲霉及其毒素的危害之大,迫切需要寻找一种高效、无毒的抑菌剂。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此,本发明提出一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物及其应用。
根据本发明的一个方面,提出了一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物,所述黄曲霉抑菌组合物包括十二醛和香叶醇。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述十二醛和香叶醇的质量比为(0.5-2):1。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述十二醛和香叶醇的质量比为(0.8-1.3):1。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述黄曲霉抑菌组合物中十二醛的质量浓度为0.1-0.4mg/mL,香叶醇的质量浓度为0.1-0.4mg/mL。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述黄曲霉抑菌组合物中十二醛的质量浓度为0.1-0.2mg/mL,香叶醇的质量浓度为0.1-0.2mg/mL。
本发明还提供所述的黄曲霉抑菌组合物在食品、化妆品、饲料中的应用。
本发明还提供一种坚果,所述坚果含有上述黄曲霉抑菌组合物。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式,至少具有以下有益效果:
本发明的黄曲霉抑菌组合物通过十二醛和香叶醇的协同作用,能够有效抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发,对黄曲霉孢子萌发抑制效果很好。其中十二醛对黄曲霉细胞膜完整性的破坏作用较为显著,香叶醇对黄曲霉细胞膜脂质过氧化作用较为显著,因此十二醛和香叶醇的协同能够对黄曲霉的细胞结构造成综合性破坏,从而较两者单独使用时具有更好的抑菌效果。如使用0.1mg/mL十二醛和0.1mg/mL香叶醇的组合物,处理黄曲霉48h后对菌丝体的抑制率达到99.26%。十二醛和香叶醇的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为0.4mg/mL,而本发明的黄曲霉抑菌组合物在0.1mg/mL十二醛和0.1mg/mL香叶醇的组合下即可达到很好的抑菌效果,显著降低了抑菌剂的使用量。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步的说明,其中:
图1为实施例和对照组的黄曲霉孢子萌发率情况;
图2为实施例和对照组的黄曲霉孢子萌发抑制率情况;
图3为48h时的菌丝生长状态;
图4为48h、72h、96h的菌丝干重统计表;
图5为48h、72h、96h的菌丝干重抑制率统计表;
图6为48h、72h、96h的菌丝球直径统计表;
图7为实施例和对照组的黄曲霉菌丝的微观结构;
图8为实施例和对照组的细胞外电导率变化情况;
图9为实施例和对照组的细胞外核酸含量变化情况;
图10为实施例和对照组的细胞外蛋白质含量变化情况;
图11为实施例和对照组的黄曲霉丙二醛含量情况。
具体实施方式
以下将结合实施例对本发明的构思及产生的技术效果进行清楚、完整地描述,以充分地理解本发明的目的、特征和效果。显然,所描述的实施例只是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部实施例,基于本发明的实施例,本领域的技术人员在不付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他实施例,均属于本发明保护的范围。
1、黄曲霉孢子悬浮液制备
将于-20℃保存的黄曲霉菌取出,静置至室温,于恒温培养箱(28±2)℃活化24 h后接种于察氏培养基培养6 d;无菌接种环刮取平板表面,并用0.1%吐温80的水溶液洗脱,三层无菌擦镜纸过滤除去菌丝,制得孢子悬浮液;用血球计数板测定稀释至孢子悬浮液浓度为106~107个/mL。
2、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定
根据临床和实验室标准协会(CLSI)标准,采用标准肉汤稀释法对用于本发明的十二醛和香叶醇对其MIC进行分析,其结果如表1所示。
表1
3、协同作用评价方法
以FICI法测定联合用药效果,其结果如表2所示。其中,分级抑菌浓度系数的综合公式为:FICI≤0.5,协同作用;0.5<FICI≤1,相加作用;1<FICI≤2,无关作用;FICI>2,拮抗作用。
表2
实施例1
一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物,其包括0.1mg/mL的十二醛和0.1mg/mL的香叶醇(以下用1/4MIC+1/4MIC表示)。
实施例2
一种黄曲霉抑菌组合物,其包括0.2mg/mL的十二醛和0.2mg/mL的香叶醇(以下用1/2MIC+1/2MIC表示)。
对照组
分别以单独十二醛和香叶醇作为对照组,其中单独十二醛的浓度为0.2mg/mL(以下用1/2MICLau表示),单独香叶醇的浓度为0.2mg/mL(以下用1/2MICGer表示),另外设置一组溶剂空白对照组(以下用CK表示)。
试验例
将实施例与对照组分别加入到含有灭菌察氏培养基的培养皿中,将黄曲霉孢子悬浮液接种至培养基,28±2℃条件下培养12h,结果见图1和图2。孢子传播是食品霉菌污染的主要途径,有效抑制孢子的萌发,就能有效控制黄曲霉的污染。本试验在12h时,空白对照组(CK)孢子萌发率达到89.73%,基本长成菌丝,实施例1和实施例2的孢子萌发率分别仅5.33%和0%,对孢子萌发抑制率分别达到了94.07%和100%,单独十二醛和单独香叶醇对孢子萌发的抑制率分别为46.52%和60.80%,说明协同组合较单个物质对黄曲霉孢子萌发抑制效果更好,能够有效抑制黄曲霉孢子萌发。
图3为48h时的菌丝生长状态,从图中可见,在48h时,空白对照组几乎所有孢子长成菌丝并缠绕成球,单独十二醛、单独香叶醇、实施例1和实施例2的菌丝数量明显减少,且实施例较单一抑菌物,菌丝数量更少,菌丝几乎无法成球或仅能形成较小的菌丝球,结果表明,十二醛和香叶醇的协同组合对黄曲霉菌丝合成有明显的抑制作用。
图4、图5和图6分别为48h、72h、96h的菌丝干重、菌丝干重抑制率和菌丝球直径统计情况。,综合图4、5、6的结果可见,单独十二醛、单独香叶醇以及实施例都能够抑制菌丝生物合成,且实施例较单一抑菌剂,更有效减少菌丝生物合成以及菌丝成球。实施例1与抑菌剂单独使用时,对菌丝体的抑制率随培养时间的增加而减小,且在相同时间内,实施例1比抑菌剂单独使用效果更好,48h时实施例1对菌丝体干重的抑制率达到99.26%;实施例2的菌丝抑制作用较实施例1更强,且受时间影响更小,菌丝干重抑制率在48-96h内均能维持在97.23-98.26%之间(图5)。
图7为黄曲霉菌丝的微观结构。从图中可见,空白对照组的菌丝体延展较长,表面略微有凹陷和褶皱,单独十二醛、单独香叶醇以及实施例的菌丝体出现不同程度扭曲、凹陷,菌丝体无法延展,实施例比单一抑菌物处理的菌丝体变形更为严重,说明实施例更能抑制黄曲霉菌丝的生长。
图8、9、10分别为细胞外电导率、核酸含量和蛋白质含量的变化情况,细胞外电导率、核酸含量(A260)、蛋白质含量(A280)的变化是表征细胞膜破裂的三个重要指标,细胞外电导率、核酸以及蛋白质含量越高,细胞内容物释放越多,表明细胞膜破损越严重。由图8、9、10可以看出,实施例1和2以及单独十二醛、单独香叶醇均能引起细胞内电解质、核酸以及蛋白质的泄露,但实施1和2的效果更好。在MIC浓度下,单独十二醛泄露量要高于香叶醇组,表明十二醛和香叶醇的协同组合中,对黄曲霉细胞膜完整性破坏作用中,十二醛占主要作用。
图11为黄曲霉丙二醛含量情况,丙二醛(MDA)是脂质过氧化的重要产物之一,在暴露于活性氧(ROS)后,脂质过氧化水平升高,进而损伤磷脂、酶、核酸和生物膜,MDA 含量的大小能够反映出黄曲霉脂质过氧化的程度。从图11可以看到,不同实验组的MDA生成量与空白对照组有明显差异,其中实施例1和2的增加量最为明显,且对浓度呈现依赖性。此外,单独香叶醇组较单独十二醛组增强量较高,这表明十二醛和香叶醇的协同组合中,香叶醇对黄曲霉细胞膜脂质过氧化的作用效果高于十二醛。
协同组合的机理探讨:从以上分析来看,十二醛对黄曲霉细胞膜完整性的破坏作用较为显著,香叶醇对黄曲霉细胞膜脂质过氧化作用较为显著,因此十二醛和香叶醇的协同能够对黄曲霉的细胞结构造成综合性破坏,从而较单一抑菌剂具有更好的抑菌效果。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明,但是本发明不限于上述实施例,在所属技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。此外,在不冲突的情况下,本发明的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
Claims (4)
1.一种组合物在制备抑制黄曲霉的抑菌剂上的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物的活性成分由十二醛和香叶醇组成,所述十二醛和香叶醇的质量比为(0.5-2):1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述十二醛和香叶醇的质量比为(0.8-1.3):1。
3.一种组合物在制备抑制黄曲霉的抑菌剂上的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物的活性成分由十二醛和香叶醇组成,所述组合物中十二醛的质量浓度为0.1-0.4mg/mL,香叶醇的质量浓度为0.1-0.4mg/mL。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述组合物中十二醛的质量浓度为0.1-0.2mg/mL,香叶醇的质量浓度为0.1-0.2mg/mL。
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