CN114854334B - 一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料及刨花板 - Google Patents
一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料及刨花板 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114854334B CN114854334B CN202210737576.0A CN202210737576A CN114854334B CN 114854334 B CN114854334 B CN 114854334B CN 202210737576 A CN202210737576 A CN 202210737576A CN 114854334 B CN114854334 B CN 114854334B
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料及刨花板。一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:气凝胶粉体5‑25%、胶黏剂20‑30%、粘度增强剂5‑10%、钛白粉5‑25%、蒸馏水25‑35%;所述气凝胶混合浆料的粘度为800‑3500cps。本发明的气凝胶混合浆料具有阻燃、防火、隔热、对有害气体和物质的吸附和包覆性能等多种功能,可直接替代原有的脲醛、酚醛树脂胶黏剂,所制备的刨花板不仅密度高(0.8‑1.3g/m3),而且具备防火阻燃、吸音隔音、保温隔热的效果,同时不释放游离甲醛,具有绿色环保、健康安全的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及刨花板技术领域,具体涉及一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料及刨花板。
背景技术
刨花板又叫微粒板、颗粒板、蔗渣板,将各种枝芽、小径木、速生木材、木屑、芦苇、棉桔梗等切削成一定规格的碎片,经过干燥,拌以胶料,硬化剂、防水剂等,在一定的温度压力下压制成一种颗粒排列不均匀的人造板。刨花板具有较好的吸音和隔音性能,主要用于家具制造和建筑工业及火车、汽车车厢制造。
刨花板的拌胶、施胶工序采用的胶粘剂一般为脲醛树脂胶和酚醛树脂胶,其具有良好胶合效果,但属于有机树脂胶,具有可燃性,使得刨花板的防火阻燃性能较差,导致应用场景有很大的局限性,另外现有胶粘剂还存有释放游离甲醛污染环境的缺点。
因此,有必要对现有胶粘剂及刨花板进行深入研究。
发明内容
为此,本发明提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料及刨花板。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
根据本发明实施例的第一方面,提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:气凝胶粉体5-25%、胶黏剂20-30%、粘度增强剂5-10%、钛白粉5-25%、蒸馏水25-35%;所述气凝胶混合浆料的粘度为800-3500cps。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述气凝胶粉体为炭气凝胶、二氧化硅气凝胶、纤维素气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶、聚合物气凝胶中的任意一种。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述胶黏剂选自水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯、水性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇、白乳胶中的一种或多种物质的混合物。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述粘度增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺。
根据本发明实施例的第二方面,提供如上所述的刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料的制备方法,将气凝胶粉体、胶黏剂、粘度增强剂、钛白粉、蒸馏水混合,搅拌均匀即得。
根据本发明实施例的第三方面,提供一种刨花板,其工艺流程为:备料→削片→刨片→干燥→分选→拌胶→铺装→预压→横截→装板→热压→卸板→冷却→锯边→检验入库;其中,所述拌胶使用如上所述的气凝胶混合浆料。
在一个优选的实施例中,在所述锯边之后,检验入库之前,所述工艺流程还包括:喷涂→砂光→贴饰面。
在一个优选的实施例中,所述喷涂包括:在锯边后的刨花板表面喷涂如上所述的气凝胶混合浆料。
所述刨花板的理化性能如下:
静曲强度:板厚3-20mm,静曲强度15-12MPa;胶合强度0.8-0.5MPa;
含水率:5-10%;板内密度偏差:±5%;吸水厚度膨胀率:≤5%。
本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明的气凝胶混合浆料以气凝胶粉体、胶黏剂、粘度增强剂、钛白粉、蒸馏水为原料。其中,所用气凝胶是由胶体粒子相互聚结形成纳米多孔网络结构,并在孔隙中充满气态分散介质的一种高分散固态材料,具有低导热系数、低密度、低介电常数、低声阻抗、高孔隙率、高比表面积等特点,保温绝热、防火疏水、轻质高强、隔声抗震、持久耐候、施工便捷、安全防腐、健康环保等性能;所用胶黏剂在耐火试验后,炭层膨胀高度较高,致密,无开裂,耐火性能较好,水中浸泡24h,涂层无起泡、脱落等现象,胶黏剂的耐水、耐碱、耐候性好,同时,还具有分散剂作用,提高了高分子聚合物对颜填料的润湿性、包惠性,从而使涂料具有良好的展色性和稳定性,既能满足浆料的常规要求,又与其他添加剂相容,符合防火浆料对乳液的特殊要求;聚丙烯酰胺具有絮凝性、增稠性、降阻性、粘合性、耐剪切性、分散性、稳定胶体、成膜和阻垢等多种性能,并且聚丙烯酰胺本身没有毒性,广泛应用于化工、冶金、煤炭、选矿和纺织等工业部门,用作沉淀絮凝剂、注水增稠剂、树脂加工剂、合成树脂涂料、粘合剂、分散剂等;钛白粉是白色颜料中着色力最强的一种,具有优良的遮盖力和着色牢度,用钛白粉制造的浆料,色彩鲜艳,遮盖力高,着色力强,用量省,品种多,对介质的稳定性可起到保护作用,并能增强膜的机械强度和附着力,防止裂纹,防止紫外线和水分透过,延长膜寿命,并且具有强度高、密度低、耐腐蚀、耐高温、耐低温、无毒等优良性质,有吸收气体等特殊功能。以上原料搭配使用,各原料之间发挥增效作用,其胶合强度高,与木材结构的结合、浸透能力强,具有阻燃、防火、隔热、对有害气体和物质的吸附和包覆性能等多种功能,可直接替代原有的树脂胶黏剂,所制备的刨花板不仅具备防火阻燃、吸音隔音、保温隔热的效果,同时不释放游离甲醛,具有绿色环保、健康安全的特性。
2、本发明在原有工艺上增加了表面喷涂、砂光、贴饰面工序,将压制处理好的气凝胶刨花板表面再喷涂一层气凝胶混合浆料,使刨花板表面形成防火涂层,在防火阻燃性能上形成双重保障,保温隔热效果也显著提高,然后进行砂光,使板面平整,最后根据客户需求粘贴各种饰面,花色可任选。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明的实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是示例性的,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图引伸获得其它的实施附图。
图1为本发明实施例4提供的刨花板的实物图;
图2为本发明实施例5提供的刨花板的实物图;
图3为本发明对比例3提供的刨花板的实物图;
图4为本发明对比例4提供的刨花板的实物图;
图5为本发明对比例5提供的刨花板的实物图。
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:炭气凝胶17%、水性丙烯酸树脂22%、聚丙烯酰胺6%、钛白粉25%、蒸馏水30%。
其制备方法:将上述原料混合,搅拌均匀即得粘度为3000cps的气凝胶混合浆料。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:二氧化硅气凝胶20%、水性环氧树脂25%、聚丙烯酰胺8%、钛白粉17%、蒸馏水30%。
其制备方法:将上述原料混合,搅拌均匀即得粘度为3500cps的气凝胶混合浆料。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:纤维素气凝胶25%、水性聚氨酯30%、聚丙烯酰胺10%、钛白粉15%、蒸馏水20%。
其制备方法:将上述原料混合,搅拌均匀即得粘度为3500cps的气凝胶混合浆料。
对比例1
本对比例提供一种气凝胶混合浆料,包括以下质量百分数的原料:纤维素气凝胶20%、聚乙烯醇10%、聚丙烯酰胺20%、钛白粉20%、蒸馏水30%。
其制备方法:将上述原料混合,搅拌均匀即得粘度为2200cps的气凝胶混合浆料。
对比例2
本对比例提供一种脲醛胶,包括以下质量百分数的原料:脲醛胶80%、面粉20%。
其制备方法:将上述原料混合,搅拌均匀即得粘度为2500cps的脲醛胶浆料。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料制作刨花板,工艺流程为:备料→削片→刨片→干燥→分选→拌胶→铺装→预压→横截→装板→热压→卸板→冷却→锯边→检验入库,此流程分以下工段:
1、备料、削片和刨片工段。普通刨花板生产线原料有各种枝芽、小径木、速生木材、木屑、芦苇、棉桔梗等,含水率要合适,一般在40%-60%内,经削片、筛选后送到木片料仓进行过渡储存。木片经运输机送到刨片机中进行刨花制备,制备后的刨花经运输机送到湿刨花料仓中进行过渡储存。刨花的几何形状对刨花板质量有较大影响,其中影响最大的是厚度。理想的长细比为100-200,宽细比大于10,长宽比可根据板材的种类与性质而定。
2、干燥、分选打磨工段。湿刨花经运输机送到转子式刨花干燥机进行干燥,干燥后的刨花含水率一般控制在3%-12%。经过干燥的刨花通过刨花分选(筛选)合格的芯层干刨花经运输机被送往芯层干刨花料仓过渡储存。过大的刨花经打磨机打磨后被送往表层干刨花料仓过渡储存。
3、拌胶施胶工段。合格的表芯层干刨花经运输机、刨花计量料仓分别计量后送到拌胶机中,使用的胶为实施例2中的一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,同时调供胶工段将工艺所要求的胶液送到拌胶机中,刨花和胶液在表芯层拌胶机的充分搅拌下,达到均匀混合充分施胶的效果。施胶量越大,板材性能越高,但成本也增加,根据不同树种、不同刨花形状和尺寸,本发明中的混合浆料一般施胶量为5%-15%。
4、铺装热压成型工段。施胶后的刨花经皮带运输机送至机械分级铺装机,由机械分级铺装机组铺装出均匀平整的板坯。板坯经永磁除铁器、预压机、纵向锯边机、横截锯、加速运输机、称重运输机和储存运输机、装板运输机等工序送到装板机的装机吊笼中,由装机吊笼将板坯送到多层热压机中进行热压成型,经多层热压机热压成型的毛板同时由装板小车托盘推到卸板机中。热压是刨花板生产一个关键性工序,所起作用是使板坯中胶料固化,并将松散的板坯经加压后固结成规定厚度的板材。其工艺要求为:
①适当的含水率。表层含水率为9-20%时有利于抗弯强度、抗拉强度和表面光洁度的提高。减少卸压时板坏鼓泡分层的可能。芯层含水率应适当低干表层,以保持适当的平面抗拉强度。
②适当的热压压力。压力能影响刨花之间接触面积、板材厚度偏差和刨花之间胶料转移程度。按照产品不同密度要求,热压压力一般为0.8-2.5兆帕。
③适当的温度。刨花板的热压温度为110℃-155℃,温度过高不仅会使树脂胶分解,也会造成升温时板坯局部提前固化而产生废品。
④适当的加压时间。时间一般为0.7-2min/mm板厚,时间过短,则中层树脂不能充分固化,成品在厚度方向的弹性恢复加大,平面抗拉强度显著降低。热压后的刨花板应经一段时期的调湿处理使其含水率达平衡状态,然后锯裁砂光,检验包装。但卸压后不能热态堆叠,否则将增加板材脆性。
5、后处理工段。停留在卸板机中的毛板经卸板运输机送至冷却进板运输机,由冷却进板运输机送到凉板机中进行冷却。在凉板机中停留(冷却)后的毛板由冷却出板运输机送到纵横栽边截断机进行裁边分割,后经干板运输机运至升降台堆垛。
6、检验入库。
实施例5
本实施例提供一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料制作刨花板,工艺流程为:备料→削片→刨片→干燥→分选→拌胶→铺装→预压→横截→装板→热压→卸板→冷却→锯边→喷涂→砂光→贴饰面→检验入库,此流程分以下工段:
1-5流程与实施例4相同,增加了以下工段:
6、喷涂。使用全自动喷涂机对刨花板上下表面进行喷涂,喷涂料为实施例2中一种刨花板专用气凝胶混合浆料,喷涂厚度为0.5-1mm。
7、砂光工段。喷涂完经干燥的刨花板被送到砂光生产线进行砂光,采用双面定厚砂光,砂带目数400目,表面平整度0.3mm。
8、贴饰面。使用PUR胶或冷胶或白乳胶加工各种饰面,贴面种类包括实木面皮饰面、HPL饰面、PVC饰面、PET饰面,PP饰面、三胺纸饰面、亚克力饰面、UV喷涂、大理石饰面、瓷砖饰面、布类饰面等
9、检验入库。
对比例3
本对比例提供一种刨花板与实施例4的区别仅在于:在拌胶工序中使用对比例1的气凝胶混合浆料。
对比例4
本对比例提供一种刨花板与实施例4的区别仅在于:在拌胶工序中使用对比例2的脲醛胶浆料。
对比例5
本对比例提供一种刨花板与实施例5的区别仅在于:在拌胶工序中使用对比例1的气凝胶混合浆料,在喷涂工序中使用实施例2的气凝胶混合浆料。
测试例
对实施例4-5及对比例3-5的刨花板的理化性能进行测试,结果见表1。
表1
对实施例4-5及对比例3-5的刨花板的阻燃性能、保温隔热性能、吸音隔音性能、甲醛释放量进行测试。
阻燃性能的测试方法:按GB 8624-2012的规定进行。
保温隔热性能的测试方法:按GB/T 10294-2008的规定进行。
吸音隔音性能的测试方法:检测按GB/T 20247-2006的规定进行,判定按GB/T16731-1997的规定进行。
甲醛释放量的测试方法:按GB/T 17657-2013中4.59甲醛释放量测定-1m3气候箱法的规定进行。
结果见表2。
表2
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种刨花板,其特征在于,其工艺流程为:备料→削片→刨片→干燥→分选→拌胶→铺装→预压→横截→装板→热压→卸板→冷却→锯边→检验入库;其中,所述拌胶使用的气凝胶混合浆料,由以下质量百分数的原料组成:气凝胶粉体5-25%、胶黏剂20-30%、粘度增强剂5-10%、钛白粉5-25%、蒸馏水25-35%;所述气凝胶混合浆料的粘度为800-3500cps;
所述气凝胶粉体为炭气凝胶、二氧化硅气凝胶、纤维素气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶、聚合物气凝胶中的任意一种;
所述胶黏剂选自水性丙烯酸树脂、水性聚氨酯、水性环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇、白乳胶中的一种或多种物质的混合物;
所述粘度增强剂为聚丙烯酰胺。
2.根据权利要求1所述的刨花板,其特征在于,所述气凝胶混合浆料的制备方法:将气凝胶粉体、胶黏剂、粘度增强剂、钛白粉、蒸馏水混合,搅拌均匀即得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的刨花板,其特征在于,在所述锯边之后,检验入库之前,所述工艺流程还包括:喷涂→砂光→贴饰面。
4.根据权利要求3所述的刨花板,其特征在于,所述喷涂包括:在锯边后的刨花板表面喷涂所述气凝胶混合浆料。
5.根据权利要求1所述的刨花板,其特征在于,所述刨花板的理化性能如下:
静曲强度:板厚3-20mm,静曲强度15-12MPa;胶合强度0.8-0.5MPa;
含水率:5-10%;板内密度偏差:±5%;吸水厚度膨胀率:≤5%。
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CN113843865A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2021-12-28 | 沂蒙绿创(山东)木业有限公司 | 一种气凝胶涂覆板材及其制备方法 |
CN113894887A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-07 | 沂蒙绿创(山东)木业有限公司 | 一种气凝胶混合膏料填充板材及其制备方法 |
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