CN114853341A - Hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze - Google Patents
Hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5022—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with vitreous materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze which comprises the raw materials of potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate. The glaze prepared by the method has good mechanical property and good hydrophobicity, and sewage or acid liquor is not easy to deposit on the surface of the insulator, so that the service life of the insulator is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrical equipment processing, and particularly relates to a hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze.
Background
The insulator is the insulating main part of transmission line, and its effect is to hang the wire and make the wire keep insulating with shaft tower, ground. The insulator is required to bear the action of working voltage and overvoltage, and simultaneously is required to bear the vertical load, the horizontal load and the tension of the wire. Therefore, the insulator must have good insulating properties and sufficient mechanical strength. Meanwhile, since the insulator is installed in an open environment and needs to be subjected to weather erosion all the year round, the surface of the insulator needs to have certain hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance so as to improve the service life and safety of the insulator.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze which comprises the raw materials of potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of calcium chloride, stirring the solution for more than 40min after the addition is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 400-420 ℃ for 50-60 min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, keeping the temperature of the suspension at a constant temperature of 70 +/-5 ℃ in a water bath, continuously stirring the suspension in the heat preservation process, adding hexadecyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, continuously keeping the temperature and stirring for 60-70 min after the addition is finished, then air-cooling the suspension to the normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, stirring the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under a stirring state, continuing stirring for 100-150 min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 70-80 h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with ethanol twice, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and toluene to form a mixture, heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, continuing to heat the mixture to 105 +/-2 ℃ in the oil bath after the material is added, preserving the temperature for 5-6 hours, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process, cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2 hours, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process, cooling the solution to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Further, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 7-9 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 2-4 parts of boron oxide, 2-4 parts of ferric oxide, 1-2 parts of cerium dioxide, 5-8 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 2-3 parts of chitin and 2-3 parts of zirconium silicate.
Further, the concentration of calcium chloride in the calcium chloride aqueous solution is 80-100 g/L, and the ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the volume of the calcium chloride aqueous solution is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: 20-30 g of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride: 130-150 g: 1L of the compound.
Further, the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed in ethanol is 6-8: 100; the mass ratio of the added hexadecyl phosphate to the solid phase A is hexadecyl phosphate: and (3) solid phase A is 2-3: 6-8.
Further, in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1-1.5 g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8-1.0 g/100mL, and a solvent is water; the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (40-46 g): 0.8 to 1 g.
Further, the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene is 4-5 g: 9-10 mL: 100mL, wherein the ratio of the addition amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: and (4-6 mL) of toluene: 100 mL.
Further, in the hydroxylation modification step, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.4-0.5 mol/L, and the solvent is water; and the solid phase C is added into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of solid to liquid is 3-5 g:100 mL.
The invention also discloses a glazing method of the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the ground materials by using a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, then carrying out ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60-80 min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 1-2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
Further, the ball milling process of adding water into the glaze raw material mixture comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball grinding adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 5-6 h.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the glaze prepared by the method has good mechanical property and good hydrophobicity, and sewage or acid liquor is not easy to deposit on the surface of the insulator, so that the service life of the insulator is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is saved.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description with reference to examples:
example 1
A hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze comprises potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 7 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 2 parts of boron oxide, 2 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of cerium dioxide, 5 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 2 parts of chitin and 2 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: aqueous solution of calcium chloride ═ 20 g: 130 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase in an environment of 400 ℃ for 60min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 2: 6; after the charging is finished, keeping the temperature for 50r/min, stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide ═ 40 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 4 g: 9mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 4 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the crushed materials through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and then heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
Example 2
A hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze comprises potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 1 part of cerium dioxide, 6 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 2 parts of chitin and 2 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: calcium chloride in water 24 g: 140 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase in an environment of 400 ℃ for 60min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 2: 6; after the charging is finished, continuously keeping the temperature for 50r/min and stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide 42 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 4 g: 9mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 5 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the crushed materials through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and then heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
Example 3
A hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze comprises potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 7 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 3 parts of chitin and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: calcium chloride in water 27 g: 140 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 420 ℃ for 50min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 3: 6; after the charging is finished, continuously keeping the temperature for 50r/min and stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide 44 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 5g:10 mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 5 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the crushed materials through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and then heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
Example 4
A hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze comprises potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 9 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 4 parts of boron oxide, 4 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 8 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 3 parts of chitin and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: calcium chloride in water 30 g: 150g of: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 420 ℃ for 50min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 3: 6; after the charging is finished, continuously keeping the temperature for 50r/min and stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide ═ 46 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 5g:10 mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 6 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively performing ball milling on potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then sieving the ground powder with a 500-mesh sieve, collecting sieved powder as a raw material, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then performing ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps of: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and then heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
Comparative example 1
A porcelain insulator glaze used as a contrast comprises potassium feldspar, silicon dioxide powder (commercially available, chemical industry, analytical purity), boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 7 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 3 parts of chitin and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: calcium chloride in water 27 g: 140 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 420 ℃ for 50min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 3: 6; after the charging is finished, continuously keeping the temperature for 50r/min and stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the ground materials through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished product of the insulator in the comparative example.
Comparative example 2
A porcelain insulator glaze used as contrast comprises potassium feldspar, nanometer silica powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, calcium carbonate powder (commercially available, crystallography chemical industry, analytically pure), chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 7 parts of calcium carbonate powder, 3 parts of chitin and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide 44 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing amount ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 5g:10 mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 5 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, calcium carbonate powder and zirconium silicate, then screening the crushed powder through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as a raw material, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished product of the insulator in the comparative example.
Comparative example 3
A porcelain insulator glaze used as a contrast comprises raw materials of potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 7 parts of calcium carbonate, 3 parts of chitin and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the calcium carbonate of the comparative example comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: calcium chloride in water 27 g: 140 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) and calcining the dried solid phase at 420 ℃ for 50min, then cooling in air to normal temperature, washing with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the calcium carbonate of the comparative example.
The preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethylammonium bromide 44 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 5g:10 mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 5 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the ground potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, the boron oxide, the ferric oxide, the cerium dioxide, the calcium carbonate and the zirconium silicate through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as a raw material, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished product of the insulator in the comparative example.
Comparative example 4
A porcelain insulator glaze used as a contrast comprises raw materials of potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate; the raw materials are as follows by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 8 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 3 parts of boron oxide, 3 parts of ferric oxide, 2 parts of cerium dioxide, 7 parts of porous calcium carbonate and 3 parts of zirconium silicate.
The preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, wherein the concentration of the calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is 80g/L, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride, and the volume ratio of the adding mass of the sodium stearate and the sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of the calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: aqueous solution of calcium chloride 27 g: 140 g: 1L; stirring the solution for 40min at a speed of 50r/min after the charging is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 420 ℃ for 50min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, wherein the solid-liquid mass ratio of the solid phase A dispersed into the ethanol is 6: 100; and (3) carrying out water bath constant temperature on the suspension to 70 +/-5 ℃, keeping the temperature, continuously stirring the suspension at the speed of 50r/min in the heat preservation process, and adding cetyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added cetyl phosphate to the solid phase A is cetyl phosphate: solid phase a ═ 3: 6; after the charging is finished, continuously keeping the temperature for 50r/min and stirring for 60min, then air-cooling the suspension to normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, wherein in the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1g/100mL, the concentration of the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide is 0.8g/100mL, and a solvent is water; stirring the aqueous solution of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide at the speed of 50r/min, and adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under the stirring state, wherein the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide 44 g: 0.8 g; continuously stirring for 100min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the heat for 70h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol twice, then washing with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene to form a mixture, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene in the mixture is that the solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene 5g:10 mL of: 100 mL; heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, wherein the ratio of the added amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: toluene 5 mL: 100 mL; after the feeding is finished, continuing oil bath heating to 105 +/-2 ℃ and preserving heat for 5 hours, stirring the solution at 50r/min in the heat preservation process, air-cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 3 times, and airing to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.5mol/L, and the solvent is water; adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of the solid phase C added into the sodium hydroxide solution is 3g:100 mL; and (3) keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2h, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process at the stirring speed of 50r/min, cooling the solution to the normal temperature in air after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
Glazing the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze, which comprises the following steps:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the crushed materials through a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then carrying out ball milling, wherein the ball milling process comprises the following steps: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball milling adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80r/min, and the ball milling time is 5 hours; obtaining glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished product of the insulator in the comparative example.
Example 5
The glaze of the insulators prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was subjected to a bending strength test and a water droplet contact angle test, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Test group | Flexural Strength/MPa | Contact angle |
| Example 1 | 209 | 141° |
| Example 2 | 214 | 143° |
| Example 3 | 217 | 144° |
| Example 4 | 211 | 143° |
| Comparative example 1 | 172 | 140° |
| Comparative example 2 | 178 | 141° |
| Comparative example 3 | 185 | 113° |
| Comparative example 4 | 202 | 109° |
As can be seen from Table 1, the glaze prepared by the method disclosed by the invention has good mechanical properties and good hydrophobicity, and sewage or acid liquor is not easy to deposit on the surface of the insulator, so that the service life of the insulator is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is saved.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze is characterized in that raw materials comprise potassium feldspar, nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, porous calcium carbonate, chitin and zirconium silicate; the preparation method of the porous calcium carbonate comprises the following steps:
1) preparing an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, adding sodium stearate and sodium carbonate into the aqueous solution of calcium chloride, stirring the solution for more than 40min after the addition is finished, then filtering, washing the obtained solid phase with deionized water, and drying;
2) calcining the dried solid phase at 400-420 ℃ for 50-60 min, and then air-cooling to normal temperature to obtain a solid phase A;
3) dispersing the solid phase A into ethanol to form a suspension, keeping the temperature of the suspension at a constant temperature of 70 +/-5 ℃ in a water bath, continuously stirring the suspension in the heat preservation process, adding hexadecyl phosphate into the suspension in a stirring state, continuously keeping the temperature and stirring for 60-70 min after the addition is finished, then air-cooling the suspension to the normal temperature, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with ethanol, and drying to obtain the porous calcium carbonate;
the preparation method of the nano silicon dioxide powder comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in a container, stirring the aqueous solutions of the sodium hydroxide and the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate into the solution under a stirring state, continuing stirring for 100-150 min after the addition is finished, sealing the container after the stirring is finished, heating to 110 +/-5 ℃, preserving the temperature for 70-80 h, then cooling to normal temperature in air, opening the container, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing a solid phase with ethanol twice, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
step two, mixing the solid phase B, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and toluene to form a mixture, heating the mixture to 50 +/-5 ℃ in an oil bath, adding triethylamine into the mixture, continuing to heat the mixture to 105 +/-2 ℃ in the oil bath after the material is added, preserving the temperature for 5-6 hours, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process, cooling the mixture to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with acetone for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase C;
step three, hydroxylation modification: preparing a sodium hydroxide solution, adding the solid phase C into the sodium hydroxide solution, keeping the temperature of the water bath constant to 80 +/-5 ℃ for 2 hours, stirring the solution in the heat preservation process, cooling the solution to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water, and airing to obtain the nano silicon dioxide powder.
2. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze according to claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise, by weight: 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 7-9 parts of nano silicon dioxide powder, 2-4 parts of boron oxide, 2-4 parts of ferric oxide, 1-2 parts of cerium dioxide, 5-8 parts of porous calcium carbonate, 2-3 parts of chitin and 2-3 parts of zirconium silicate.
3. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of calcium chloride in the aqueous solution of calcium chloride is 80-100 g/L, and the volume ratio of the added mass of sodium stearate and sodium carbonate to the aqueous solution of calcium chloride is sodium stearate: sodium carbonate: 20-30 g of an aqueous solution of calcium chloride: 130-150 g: 1L of the compound.
4. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze according to claim 2, wherein the solid phase A is dispersed in ethanol at a solid-liquid mass ratio of 6-8: 100; the mass ratio of the added hexadecyl phosphate to the solid phase A is hexadecyl phosphate: and (3) solid phase A is 2-3: 6-8.
5. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 1-1.5 g/100mL, the concentration of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is 0.8-1.0 g/100mL, and the solvent is water; the mass ratio of the added tetraethyl orthosilicate to the hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide in the solution is tetraethyl orthosilicate: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (40-46 g): 0.8 to 1 g.
6. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze according to claim 2, wherein the mixing ratio of the solid phase B, the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the toluene is solid phase B: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: toluene is 4-5 g: 9-10 mL: 100mL, wherein the ratio of the addition amount of the triethylamine to the toluene is triethylamine: and (4-6 mL) of toluene: 100 mL.
7. The hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the hydroxylation modification step, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide solution is 0.4-0.5 mol/L, and the solvent is water; and the solid phase C is added into the sodium hydroxide solution, wherein the solid-to-liquid ratio of solid to liquid is 3-5 g:100 mL.
8. The glazing method of the hydrophobic corrosion-resistant porcelain insulator glaze according to any one of claims 2 to 7, comprising the steps of:
respectively ball-milling and crushing potassium feldspar, the nano silicon dioxide powder, boron oxide, ferric oxide, cerium dioxide, the porous calcium carbonate and zirconium silicate, then screening the ground materials by using a 500-mesh screen, collecting screened powder as raw materials, weighing the raw materials according to the weight parts, adding water into a mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the raw materials, then carrying out ball milling to obtain glaze slurry, and glazing the insulator blank;
secondly, placing the glazed blank in an argon atmosphere for 60-80 min, heating to 400 +/-10 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 h; and heating to 1280 +/-10 ℃, sintering for 1-2 hours, and cooling to normal temperature along with the furnace to obtain the finished insulator.
9. A glazing method according to claim 8, characterized in that the ball milling process of adding water to the glaze raw material mixture is as follows: the weight ratio of the materials to the balls to the water is as follows: ball: 1:2: 1; the grinding ball adopts zirconia ceramic grinding balls, the ball grinding adopts a star-shaped ball mill, the rotating speed is set to be 80-100 r/min, and the ball milling time is 5-6 h.
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| CN116514528A (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-08-01 | 湖南兴诚电瓷电器有限公司 | Ceramic insulator for isolating switch and preparation process thereof |
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| CN116514528B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-04-12 | 湖南兴诚电瓷电器有限公司 | Ceramic insulator for isolating switch and preparation process thereof |
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