CN110467442B - High-strength porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength porcelain insulator and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110467442B CN110467442B CN201910860422.9A CN201910860422A CN110467442B CN 110467442 B CN110467442 B CN 110467442B CN 201910860422 A CN201910860422 A CN 201910860422A CN 110467442 B CN110467442 B CN 110467442B
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- porcelain insulator
- titanium dioxide
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- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- HQNHTEJTBUTVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);borate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-]B([O-])[O-] HQNHTEJTBUTVAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;potassium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[K+] DLHONNLASJQAHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 88
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I tantalum(v) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ta](Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl OEIMLTQPLAGXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 claims description 33
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 33
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004835 Na2B4O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
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- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength porcelain insulator and a preparation method thereof, wherein the porcelain insulator is prepared by sintering the following raw materials: 8-16 parts of kaolin, 9-20 parts of quartz sand, 10-14 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar, 2-5 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 40-50 parts of bauxite and 6-20 parts of nano cerium borate. The invention has the beneficial effects that the components and the proportion of the raw materials of the porcelain insulator are changed on the basis of the traditional preparation process, and compared with the porcelain insulator in the prior art, the prepared porcelain insulator has better tensile strength and compressive strength, keeps good insulativity and is suitable for the erection and installation of the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insulators, and particularly relates to a high-strength porcelain insulator and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The transmission capacity of the ultra-high voltage transmission line is large, the section of the adopted conductor is large, the number of branches is large, higher requirements are put on an insulator for bearing the tension of the conductor, the bearing capacity of the insulator is high, and the stress is uniform. Generally, two ways can solve the problem, one is to increase the serial number of insulators, and the other is to adopt insulators with high mechanical strength. The increase of the serial number of the insulators can lead to the complex mechanical structure of the hardware string of the insulators, large workload of installation, operation and maintenance and increase of the cost of the engineering life cycle; and the insulator with higher mechanical strength can reduce the serial number of the insulators, reduce the complexity of the strain fitting string and reduce the operation and maintenance cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a high-strength porcelain insulator which is prepared by sintering the following raw materials: kaolin, quartz sand, mullite, potassium feldspar, a titanium dioxide additive, bauxite and nano cerium borate;
the preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a screen with more than 1500 meshes, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) soaking the solid phase A in an ammonia water solution containing glycol to form a mixture, placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 150-170 ℃, preserving heat for 10-30 min, naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 20-30 min, then continuously heating to 400-500 ℃ and preserving heat for 1-2 h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
Further, the raw materials are mixed in parts by weight: 8-16 parts of kaolin, 9-20 parts of quartz sand, 10-14 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar, 2-5 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 40-50 parts of bauxite and 6-20 parts of nano cerium borate.
Further, in the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol, NH3The mass percentage of the aqueous solution is 5-10%, the volume fraction of the glycol is 1-3%, and the mass of the aqueous solution of ammonia containing glycol is more than 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous solution of ammonia containing glycol.
Further, the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is more than 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride.
Further, the preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O water solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, and stirring the mixed solution for more than 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
Further, Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 3-5 g/100mL, and the balance is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 1-4 g/mL, and the balance is water; the above-mentionedThe adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 8-10 g/100 mL.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of a mud cake at 12-18% (all water contents refer to the mass percentage content of water), and ageing the mud cake for more than 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at the temperature of below 120 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, wherein the first section is subjected to heat preservation for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 420-500 ℃, the second section is subjected to heat preservation for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 980-1000 ℃, and the third section is subjected to heat preservation for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 1150-1200 ℃, cooling along with a furnace after roasting and sintering, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Furthermore, in the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, stannic chloride and tantalum pentachloride, the mass percentage of each component is 10-16% of polyethylene glycol, 5-8% of stannic chloride and 2-3% of tantalum pentachloride.
According to the technical scheme, the method has the beneficial effects that the components and the proportion of the raw materials of the porcelain insulator are changed on the basis of the traditional preparation process, and compared with the porcelain insulator in the prior art, the prepared porcelain insulator has better tensile strength and compressive strength, keeps good insulativity and is suitable for erection and installation of the ultra-high voltage transmission line.
Detailed Description
The following is a detailed description with reference to examples:
example 1
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 8 parts of kaolin, 9 parts of quartz sand, 10 parts of mullite, 2 parts of potassium feldspar, 2 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 40 parts of bauxite and 6 parts of nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3Soaking the solid phase A in an aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol in the mixture is 5 times that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol, and the volume fraction of ethylene glycol is 1%; placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 160 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 20min, then continuously heating to 400 ℃ and preserving the heat for 2h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 3g/100mL, and the rest is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 1g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 8g/100mL, and stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, stannic chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, stannic chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 10% of polyethylene glycol, 5% of stannic chloride and 2% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, wherein the first section is subjected to heat preservation for 5 hours at the temperature of 420-430 ℃, the second section is subjected to heat preservation for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 980-1000 ℃, the third section is subjected to heat preservation for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 1150-1200 ℃, furnace cooling is carried out after roasting and sintering, cementing is carried out, testing is carried out, and finished products are stored in a warehouse, so that the high-strength porcelain insulator is obtained.
Example 2
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 10 parts of kaolin, 12 parts of quartz sand, 11 parts of mullite, 3 parts of potassium feldspar, 3 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 43 parts of bauxite and 10 parts of nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3Soaking the solid phase A in an aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol in the mixture is 5 times that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol, and the mass percentage of the ethylene glycol is 2%; placing the mixture in a sealed container, sealing the container, and heating to 160 + -10 deg.CPreserving heat for 20min, naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 20min, then continuously heating to 430 ℃ and preserving the heat for 2h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 4g/100mL, and the rest is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 2g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 9g/100mL, and stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 12% of polyethylene glycol, 6% of tin chloride and 2% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, preserving the heat of the first section at 440-450 ℃ for 6 hours, preserving the heat of the second section at 980-1000 ℃ for 1 hour, preserving the heat of the third section at 1150-1200 ℃ for 6 hours, cooling along with a furnace after roasting and sintering, cementing, testing, and warehousing a finished product to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Example 3
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 14 parts of kaolin, 16 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of mullite, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 4 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 48 parts of bauxite and 12 parts of nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3Soaking the solid phase A in an aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol in the mixture is 5 times that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol, and the mass percentage of glycol is 2%; placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 160 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 30min, then continuously heating to 480 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 4g/100mL, and the rest is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 3g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 9g/100mL, and stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 14% of polyethylene glycol, 7% of tin chloride and 3% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, preserving heat for 6 hours at 460-470 ℃ in the first section, preserving heat for 2 hours at 980-1000 ℃ in the second section, preserving heat for 6 hours at 1150-1200 ℃ in the third section, cooling along with a furnace after roasting, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Example 4
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 16 parts of kaolin, 20 parts of quartz sand, 14 parts of mullite, 5 parts of potassium feldspar, 5 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 50 parts of bauxite and 20 parts of nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3Soaking the solid phase A in an aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol in the mixture is 5 times that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol, and the mass percentage of the ethylene glycol is 3%; placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 160 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 30min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 30min, then continuously heating to 500 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 5g/100mL, and the balance is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 4g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 10g/100mL, and stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 16% of polyethylene glycol, 8% of tin chloride and 3% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, wherein the first section is subjected to heat preservation for 7 hours at 480-500 ℃, the second section is subjected to heat preservation for 2 hours at 980-1000 ℃, the third section is subjected to heat preservation for 7 hours at 1150-1200 ℃, and after roasting and sintering, the blank is cooled along with a furnace, is subjected to cementing, is tested, and is warehoused with finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Comparative example 1
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 14 parts of kaolin, 16 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of mullite, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 4 parts of titanium dioxide powder, 48 parts of bauxite and 12 parts of nano cerium borate.
The method for preparing titanium dioxide powder according to this comparative example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain the titanium dioxide powder.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 4g/100mL, and the rest is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 3g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is9g/100mL, stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 14% of polyethylene glycol, 7% of tin chloride and 3% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, preserving heat for 6 hours at 460-470 ℃ in the first section, preserving heat for 2 hours at 980-1000 ℃ in the second section, preserving heat for 6 hours at 1150-1200 ℃ in the third section, cooling along with a furnace after roasting, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Comparative example 2
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 14 parts of kaolin, 16 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of mullite, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 4 parts of titanium dioxide additive and 48 parts of bauxite.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this comparative example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3The aqueous ammonia solution containing ethylene glycol with the mass percentage of 8 percent and the volume fraction of the ethylene glycol of 2 percentSoaking the solid phase A in an ammonia water solution containing glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the ammonia water solution containing glycol in the mixture is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the mixture; placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 160 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 30min, then continuously heating to 480 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, wherein the mass percentages of the components in the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride are 14% of polyethylene glycol, 7% of tin chloride and 3% of tantalum pentachloride; stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, preserving heat for 6 hours at 460-470 ℃ in the first section, preserving heat for 2 hours at 980-1000 ℃ in the second section, preserving heat for 6 hours at 1150-1200 ℃ in the third section, cooling along with a furnace after roasting, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Comparative example 3
The utility model provides a high strength porcelain insulator, porcelain insulator is formed by the following raw materials sintering: 14 parts of kaolin, 16 parts of quartz sand, 13 parts of mullite, 4 parts of potassium feldspar, 4 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 48 parts of bauxite and 12 parts of nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive described in this comparative example comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a 1500-mesh screen, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) configuration of NH3Soaking the solid phase A in an aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol to form a mixture, wherein the mass of the aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol in the mixture is 5 times that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous ammonia solution containing glycol, and the mass percentage of glycol is 2%; placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 160 +/-10 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, then naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) and soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving the heat for 30min, then continuously heating to 480 ℃ and preserving the heat for 1h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after the heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive.
The preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O aqueous solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, wherein Na in the solution A2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 4g/100mL, and the rest is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 3g/mL, and the balance is water; keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, wherein the adding amount of the oleic acid/the amount of the solution A is 9g/100mL, and stirring the mixed solution for 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under the stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
The preparation method of the high-strength porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for 48 hours;
step 2, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20% -25% by using deionized water, extruding and molding, drying at 100 +/-5 ℃ until the water content is 12% -18%, trimming blanks and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, preserving heat for 6 hours at 460-470 ℃ in the first section, preserving heat for 2 hours at 980-1000 ℃ in the second section, preserving heat for 6 hours at 1150-1200 ℃ in the third section, cooling along with a furnace after roasting, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
Example 5
Test samples were prepared according to the methods described in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 3, and the tensile strength and compressive strength of the same group of samples were measured, respectively, with the results shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
| Test group | Tensile strength/MPa | Compressive strength/MPa |
| Example 1 | 224.25 | 2884.32 |
| Example 2 | 231.08 | 2899.51 |
| Example 3 | 233.51 | 2967.74 |
| Example 4 | 229.86 | 2893.38 |
| Comparative example 1 | 168.80 | 1520.05 |
| Comparative example 2 | 85.01 | 632.58 |
| Comparative example 3 | 144.43 | 1398.22 |
As can be seen from table 1, the porcelain insulator prepared by using the titanium dioxide additive and the nano cerium borate as raw materials has better tensile strength and compressive strength than the porcelain insulator commonly used at present; comparing example 3 with comparative example 3, it can be seen that the addition of the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride during the preparation of the porcelain insulator can further improve the mechanical properties of the insulator product and increase the tensile and compressive strength, which may be due to the partial compensation of the micro-cracks inside the porcelain insulator.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail above, and for those skilled in the art, the ideas according to the embodiments of the present invention may be changed in the specific implementation manners and the application ranges, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The high-strength porcelain insulator is characterized by being formed by sintering the following raw materials: kaolin, quartz sand, mullite, potassium feldspar, a titanium dioxide additive, bauxite and nano cerium borate; the mixed parts by weight of the raw materials are as follows: 8-16 parts of kaolin, 9-20 parts of quartz sand, 10-14 parts of mullite, 2-5 parts of potassium feldspar, 2-5 parts of titanium dioxide additive, 40-50 parts of bauxite and 6-20 parts of nano cerium borate;
the preparation method of the titanium dioxide additive comprises the following steps:
1) ball-milling titanium dioxide powder, screening the ball-milled powder through a screen with more than 1500 meshes, collecting the screened powder, washing the screened powder with acetone, and drying to obtain a solid phase A;
2) soaking the solid phase A in an ammonia water solution containing glycol to form a mixture, placing the mixture in a closed container, sealing the container, heating to 150-170 ℃, preserving heat for 10-30 min, naturally cooling to normal temperature, opening the closed container, taking out the mixture, carrying out solid-liquid separation, washing the solid phase with deionized water for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain a solid phase B;
3) soaking the solid phase B in silicon tetrachloride, vacuumizing the solution until no bubbles emerge, taking out the solution, performing solid-liquid separation, drying the solid phase to obtain a solid phase C, heating the solid phase C to 200 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 20-30 min, then continuously heating to 400-500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and air-cooling to normal temperature after heat preservation is finished to obtain the titanium dioxide additive;
the preparation method of the porcelain insulator comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing the raw materials according to the mass parts, mixing, sieving and refining the raw materials, keeping the water content of mud cakes at 12-18%, and ageing the mud cakes for more than 48 hours;
step 2, preparing aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride, stirring the aged mud cakes, spraying the aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride on the mud cakes, adjusting the water content of the mud cakes to be 20-25%, extruding and molding, drying at the temperature of below 120 ℃ until the water content is 12-18%, trimming and glazing;
and 3, roasting the blank in three sections by using oxidizing flames, wherein the first section is subjected to heat preservation for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 420-500 ℃, the second section is subjected to heat preservation for 1-2 hours at the temperature of 980-1000 ℃, and the third section is subjected to heat preservation for 5-7 hours at the temperature of 1150-1200 ℃, cooling along with a furnace after roasting and sintering, cementing, testing, and warehousing finished products to obtain the high-strength porcelain insulator.
2. The high-strength porcelain insulator according to claim 1, wherein NH is contained in the aqueous solution of ammonia containing ethylene glycol3The mass percentage of the aqueous solution is 5-10%, the volume fraction of the glycol is 1-3%, and the mass of the aqueous solution of ammonia containing glycol is more than 5 times of that of the solid phase A soaked in the aqueous solution of ammonia containing glycol.
3. The high-strength porcelain insulator according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the silicon tetrachloride is 5 times or more of the mass of the solid phase A soaked in the silicon tetrachloride.
4. The high-strength porcelain insulator according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the nano cerium borate comprises the following steps:
(1) configuration of Na2B4O7·10H2O water solution A and cerium nitrate solution B, keeping the temperature of the solution A in a water bath to 50-60 ℃, adding oleic acid into the solution A, and stirring the mixed solution for more than 40 min;
(2) and after stirring, dropwise adding the solution B into the solution A under a stirring state until no precipitate is generated, filtering after dropwise adding, washing the solid phase with ethanol for 2-3 times, and drying to obtain the nano cerium borate.
5. The high-strength porcelain insulator according to claim 4, wherein Na in the solution A is2B4O7·10H2The concentration of O is 3-5 g/100mL, and the balance is water; the concentration of the cerium nitrate in the solution B is 1-4 g/mL, and the balance is water; the oleic acidThe addition amount of the solution A is 8-10 g/100 mL.
6. The high-strength porcelain insulator according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol, tin chloride and tantalum pentachloride comprises, by mass, 10-16% of polyethylene glycol, 5-8% of tin chloride and 2-3% of tantalum pentachloride.
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| CN113402932A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-09-17 | 江西东维电气有限公司 | Self-cleaning type high strength clavate porcelain insulator |
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