CN114850676A - Welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of metal sheet - Google Patents
Welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of metal sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN114850676A CN114850676A CN202210604334.4A CN202210604334A CN114850676A CN 114850676 A CN114850676 A CN 114850676A CN 202210604334 A CN202210604334 A CN 202210604334A CN 114850676 A CN114850676 A CN 114850676A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of a metal sheet, which comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the welding surface of an electrode at one side is a concave surface, the welding surface of the electrode at the other side is a plane, and after the resistance spot welding, a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material at one side of the electrode at the concave surface; and then carrying out laser spot welding on the welded material, wherein laser of the laser spot welding is emitted on the bulge of the welded material, the angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the welded material is kept at 90 +/-10 degrees, and the bulge of the welded material is melted by the laser and then fills the depression in the center of the nugget of the laser spot welding. The welding method of the invention has simple process and easy realization. The sinking of the core part of the laser spot welding nugget is avoided, and the surface of the welded material is smooth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of a metal sheet.
Background
As the strength of the steel sheet is higher, weldability is lower. At present, resistance spot welding or laser spot welding is generally adopted for welding steel plates. The resistance spot welding tool is simple and easy to operate; however, because the strength of the steel plate is high, the welding performance is poor, the spot welding process interval is small, welding spatter is particularly easy to generate, the performance of a spot welding joint is reduced, when spot welding is continuously carried out, an electrode cap needs to be frequently replaced to ensure the quality of a welding spot, the production is interrupted, and the production efficiency is influenced. Since the drawback of resistance spot welding on welding high-strength steel is more and more obvious, contactless laser spot welding is gradually valued and applied. Because the laser spot welding belongs to non-contact welding, a larger nugget diameter and better joint performance can be easily obtained; however, the laser spot welding nugget center part can generate obvious depressions which directly affect the quality of the joint and become the source of defects generated by the laser welding spot, and the surface painting performance of the depression material also has direct influence. This patent combines resistance spot welding and laser spot welding together, and the advantage of full play resistance spot welding and laser spot welding realizes the surface and does not have sunken resistance spot welding and the hybrid welding of laser spot welding, designs to resistance spot welding technology and laser spot welding technology, has solved high-strength steel welded technical problem.
The prior patent CN101934432B coaxial hybrid welding method for laser and resistance spot welding proposes a method for coaxial hybrid welding of resistance spot welding and laser spot welding, and the process of the patent is characterized in that laser spot welding is carried out while resistance spot welding is carried out on a base material to be welded. Due to the simultaneous welding, the size of the laser nucleation is limited by the inner diameter of the upper electrode, and the freedom of the laser nucleation cannot be fully exerted. The upper electrode is a hollow electrode, effective cooling measures are not provided, and the upper electrode is easy to deform and lose efficacy due to resistance heat generated by resistance spot welding and heat generated during laser spot welding and is not suitable for continuous welding. The recess formed by laser spot welding still exists, and the defect caused by the recess is not eliminated.
In the prior patent publication CN 201110308420.2, resistance spot welding and laser combined spot welding method for high-strength steel is a combination of resistance spot welding and laser fusion welding, and laser fusion welding and laser spot welding are two different welding processes. The two welding methods are mutually independent, laser melting is welded around the resistance spot welding nugget, the welding area is enlarged through different welding seam shapes of the laser welding seams, but the defects of the resistance spot welding are still not avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of a metal sheet, so that the resistance spot welding and the laser spot welding are complementary, and the surface quality of a weldment is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of metal sheets comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the welding surface of an electrode at one side is a concave surface, the welding surface of the electrode at the other side is a plane, and the welding surfaces of the electrodes at the two sides are tightly attached to the surface of the welded material; forming a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the electrode with the concave surface after resistance spot welding;
secondly, carrying out laser spot welding on the welded material, wherein laser of the laser spot welding is emitted on the bulge of the welded material, the angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the welded material is kept at 90 +/-10 degrees, and the bulge of the welded material is melted by the laser and fills the depression in the center of the nugget of the laser spot welding.
The electrode material of resistance spot welding is copper or copper alloy.
The concave surface of the welding surface of the resistance spot welding electrode is a cylindrical concave surface, a conical column concave surface, a stepped column concave surface, a polygonal column concave surface or a spherical concave surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the welding method of the invention has simple process and easy realization. The convex surface is prefabricated on the surface of the welded material in a resistance spot welding mode, the convex surface provided by resistance spot welding is effectively utilized in the core part of the laser spot welding nugget, and the sinking of the core part of the laser spot welding nugget is avoided, so that the surface of the welded material is smooth. The invention solves the problems of narrow process window and easy splashing, quick electrode abrasion and easy generation of nugget depression in single laser spot welding when the high-strength steel is subjected to single resistance spot welding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the concave surface of the electrode in example 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the concave surface of an electrode in example 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the concave surface of the electrode of examples 3 to 4.
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of electrodes according to examples 1 to 5.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of metal sheets comprises the following steps:
firstly, resistance spot welding is carried out on a welded material, asymmetric columnar electrode welding is adopted in the resistance spot welding, an electrode welding face on one side is a concave face, the concave face is gradually reduced from the electrode welding face to an opening in the electrode, an electrode welding face on the other side is a plane, the electrode welding face is tightly attached to the surface of the welded material, and the defects of deformation, welding spatter, poor nucleation and the like of a welding spot after the material is welded are overcome.
Forming a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the electrode with the concave surface after resistance spot welding;
secondly, carrying out laser spot welding on the welded material, wherein laser of the laser spot welding is emitted on the bulge of the welded material, the angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the welded material is kept to be 90 +/-10 degrees, and the bulge of the welded material is melted by the laser and then filled in the depression at the center of the nugget of the laser spot welding. The laser welding spot surface is badly formed when the laser beam angle exceeds the range, the nugget is unevenly formed, the laser welding spot surface is large in depression, the depression is irregular in shape, the laser welding spot fusion depth is reduced, and the nugget strength is reduced.
The electrode material of resistance spot welding is copper or copper alloy.
The concave surface of the welding surface of the resistance spot welding electrode is a cylindrical concave surface, a conical column concave surface, a stepped column concave surface, a polygonal column concave surface or a spherical concave surface,
example 1
The welded material is a circular ring, the diameter of the outer ring of the circular ring is 60mm, the diameter of the inner ring is 20mm, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the welding surface of a columnar copper electrode on one side is a spherical concave surface, the maximum depth is 0.6mm, the welding surface of a columnar copper electrode on the other side is a plane, the diameter of the welding surface of the electrode is 6mm, and a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the concave electrode after the resistance spot welding; and then the welded material is subjected to laser spot welding, the laser of the laser spot welding is shot on the bulge of the welded material, and the axis of the laser beam keeps an angle of 90 degrees +/-10 degrees with the surface of the welded material. Specific welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 2
The welded material is a circular ring, the diameter of the outer ring of the circular ring is 60mm, the diameter of the inner ring is 15mm, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the columnar copper electrode welding surface on one side is a stepped column concave surface, the maximum depth is 0.5mm, the columnar copper electrode welding surface on the other side is a plane, the diameter of the electrode welding surface is 6mm, and a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the concave electrode after the resistance spot welding; and then the welded material is subjected to laser spot welding, the laser of the laser spot welding is shot on the bulge of the welded material, and the axis of the laser beam keeps an angle of 90 degrees +/-10 degrees with the surface of the welded material. Specific welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 3
The welded material is two rings, the diameter of the outer ring of each ring is 58mm, the diameter of the inner ring of each ring is 10mm, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the welding surface of a cylindrical copper electrode on one side is a concave surface of a conical cylinder, the maximum depth is 1.0mm, the welding surface of the cylindrical copper electrode on the other side is a plane, the diameter of the welding surface of the electrode is 8mm, and a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the electrode on the concave surface after the resistance spot welding; and then the welded material is subjected to laser spot welding, the laser of the laser spot welding is shot on the bulge of the welded material, and the axis of the laser beam keeps an angle of 90 degrees +/-10 degrees with the surface of the welded material. Specific welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
Example 4
The welded material is two steel plates, the size of the steel plates is 80mm by 40mm, and the welding method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein asymmetric electrode welding is adopted in the resistance spot welding, the welding surface of a columnar copper electrode on one side is a conical column concave surface with the maximum depth of 1.0mm, the welding surface of a columnar copper electrode on the other side is a plane, the diameter of the welding surface of the electrode is 8mm, and a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the electrode on the concave surface after the resistance spot welding; and then the welded material is subjected to laser spot welding, the laser of the laser spot welding is shot on the bulge of the welded material, and the axis of the laser beam keeps an angle of 90 degrees +/-10 degrees with the surface of the welded material. Specific welding process parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 resistance spot welding and laser spot welding composite Process parameters
After welding, the welding rod is cut from the center of the welding spot, the surface depression size of the welding spot is measured by a microscope, the surface depression depth of all embodiments is less than 0.3mm, and the welding requirements of the vehicle and the enterprise are met.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (3)
1. A welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of a metal sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, carrying out resistance spot welding on a welded material, wherein the resistance spot welding adopts asymmetric electrode welding, the electrode welding surface on one side is a concave surface, the electrode welding surface on the other side is a plane, the electrode welding surfaces on the two sides are tightly attached to the surface of the welded material, and a bulge with the same shape as the concave surface is formed on the outer surface of the welded material on one side of the electrode on the concave surface after the resistance spot welding;
secondly, performing laser spot welding on the welded material, wherein laser of the laser spot welding is emitted on the bulge of the welded material, the angle between the axis of the laser beam and the surface of the welded material is kept at 90 +/-10 degrees, and the bulge of the welded material is melted by the laser to fill the depression in the center of the nugget of the laser spot welding.
2. A welding method combining resistance spot welding and laser spot welding of metal sheets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrode material of said resistance spot welding is copper or copper alloy.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concave surface of the welding surface of the resistance spot welding electrode is a cylindrical concave surface, a conical cylindrical concave surface, a stepped cylindrical concave surface, a polygonal cylindrical concave surface or a spherical concave surface.
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| CN114850676B CN114850676B (en) | 2023-07-14 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101934432A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-01-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Coaxial composite welding method of laser spot welding and resistance spot welding |
| CN102500936A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-06-20 | 北京工业大学 | High-strength steel resistance and laser combined spot welding method |
| CN105269137A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 吉林大学 | Intermediate frequency spot welding method for aluminum alloy and zinc-plated high-strength steel dissimilar material |
| CN105935834A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-14 | 埃夫特智能装备股份有限公司 | Method for solving sinking problem appearing in surface after resistance spot welding of metal materials |
| CN108406071A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of thin plate and ultra thin plate resistance spot welding connection method |
| CN113333956A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Resistance spot welding-laser composite spot welding method for aluminum steel dissimilar metal |
-
2022
- 2022-05-31 CN CN202210604334.4A patent/CN114850676B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101934432A (en) * | 2010-09-14 | 2011-01-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Coaxial composite welding method of laser spot welding and resistance spot welding |
| CN102500936A (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2012-06-20 | 北京工业大学 | High-strength steel resistance and laser combined spot welding method |
| CN105269137A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2016-01-27 | 吉林大学 | Intermediate frequency spot welding method for aluminum alloy and zinc-plated high-strength steel dissimilar material |
| CN105935834A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-09-14 | 埃夫特智能装备股份有限公司 | Method for solving sinking problem appearing in surface after resistance spot welding of metal materials |
| CN108406071A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-08-17 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of thin plate and ultra thin plate resistance spot welding connection method |
| CN113333956A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-09-03 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Resistance spot welding-laser composite spot welding method for aluminum steel dissimilar metal |
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