CN114850510A - Method and device for preventing metal part additive repair thermal deformation - Google Patents
Method and device for preventing metal part additive repair thermal deformation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114850510A CN114850510A CN202210453281.0A CN202210453281A CN114850510A CN 114850510 A CN114850510 A CN 114850510A CN 202210453281 A CN202210453281 A CN 202210453281A CN 114850510 A CN114850510 A CN 114850510A
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- Prior art keywords
- metal part
- table body
- yag laser
- electric telescopic
- fixedly mounted
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
- B22F12/88—Handling of additively manufactured products, e.g. by robots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
- B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
- B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
- B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for preventing metal component additive repairing thermal deformation, which comprises a table body, wherein a processing groove is vertically formed in the center of the upper surface of the table body; the upper surface of the table body is provided with a processing assembly, the processing assembly comprises a YAG laser, two electric telescopic rods are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the table body, mounting plates are fixedly mounted at the top ends of the two electric telescopic rods, and the YAG laser is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plates; the platform body is internally provided with a constraint component, and the constraint component comprises two water collecting tanks respectively arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the platform body and two jet pipes respectively fixedly arranged on the left side wall and the right side wall of the processing tank. Before the additive manufacturing and repairing, the metal part is pre-impacted by adopting a laser impact strengthening technology, and the residual tensile stress introduced by heat input in the repairing process is counteracted by presetting the residual compressive stress with a higher numerical value in a matrix, so that the purpose of inhibiting deformation can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal repair thermal deformation, in particular to a method and a device for preventing metal component additive repair thermal deformation.
Background
The metal additive manufacturing technology breaks through the limitation of the traditional manufacturing technology, realizes free manufacturing and on-demand manufacturing of metal parts, greatly reduces the production cost and the processing period of parts with complex structures, is widely applied to the fields of damaged part repair, integrated manufacturing of parts with complex shapes and the like at present, and has remarkable technical advantages.
However, when the damaged metal part is repaired by the additive manufacturing technology, a large residual tensile stress is introduced into a repair area due to a large heat input amount in the repair process, so that the thermal deformation problem of the repaired part occurs, and the repaired finished product is difficult to meet the assembly requirement, so that the popularization and application of the technology are limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the following defects in the prior art that when a damaged metal part is repaired by an additive manufacturing technology, the heat input amount is large in the repairing process, large residual tensile stress is introduced into a repairing area, so that the thermal deformation problem of the repaired part is caused, and a repaired finished product cannot meet the assembly requirement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for preventing metal parts from being subjected to additive repair thermal deformation comprises a table body, wherein a machining groove is vertically formed in the center of the upper surface of the table body, and metal parts to be machined are placed in the machining groove;
the processing assembly is arranged on the upper surface of the table body and comprises a YAG laser, two electric telescopic rods are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the table body, a mounting plate is fixedly mounted at the top ends of the two electric telescopic rods, the YAG laser is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plate, and a lens on the surface of the YAG laser corresponds to the processing groove in position;
the platform is internal to be equipped with the restraint subassembly, the restraint subassembly includes that two are seted up the water catch bowl and two jet pipes of cell wall department about the processing groove of controlling lateral wall respectively at the platform, two jet pipes are linked together with two water catch bowls respectively, water catch bowl notch department rotates installs the capping, be equipped with electric control valve in the jet pipe.
Preferably, the surface of the metal part is coated with an absorption protection layer, and the material of the absorption protection layer is aluminum foil or black adhesive tape.
In the present invention, the method of use suitable for the device comprises the steps of:
s1: firstly, coating an absorption protective layer on the surface of a metal part to be processed;
s2: then the metal part coated with the absorption protective layer is put into the processing tank, and the electric control valve in the jet pipe is controlled to be opened, so that water in the water collecting tank flows into the processing tank from the jet pipe, and the electric control valve can be closed until the horizontal plane completely sinks over the metal part;
s3: the mounting plate and the YAG laser are driven by the electric telescopic rod to move downwards, and after the electric telescopic rod moves to a proper position, the YAG laser is started to pre-impact the metal part;
s4: and taking out the processed metal part and cleaning.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. before additive manufacturing and repairing, a metal part is pre-impacted by adopting a laser shock peening technology, and the metal part is subjected to pre-impact
Presetting the residual compressive stress with a higher numerical value, then performing additive manufacturing repair, and offsetting the residual tensile stress introduced by heat input in the repair process through the preset residual compressive stress to achieve the purpose of inhibiting deformation;
2. compared with other surface treatment technologies, the laser shock strengthening technology has the distinct characteristic that the force effect of laser-induced plasma shock waves is utilized, the pressure of the generated shock waves is high, the magnitude of GPa can be achieved, the method is far superior to the traditional surface manufacturing technology, and the method belongs to extreme manufacturing, so that the reflected residual compressive stress is deeper, the numerical value is higher, and the effect of inhibiting additive repair deformation is better.
3. The impact laser for inhibiting deformation and the source laser for additive manufacturing heat can be integrated on the same system, and the damaged part repair-deformation regulation and control integrated manufacturing is realized through the coordination control of the double-beam laser, so that the processing engineering is reduced, and the process complexity is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a front three-dimensional partial cross section of a device for preventing thermal deformation of a metal component during additive repair according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of the using steps of the device for preventing thermal deformation of metal parts during additive repair according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1 table body, 2 processing grooves, 3YAG laser, 4 electric telescopic rods, 5 groove covers, 6 jet pipes, 7 metal parts, 8 absorption protective layers and 9 mounting plates.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the device for preventing metal part additive repairing thermal deformation comprises a table body 1, wherein a processing tank 2 is vertically arranged at the center of the upper surface of the table body 1, a metal part 7 to be processed is placed in the processing tank 2, an absorption protective layer 8 is coated on the surface of the metal part 7, and the absorption protective layer 8 is made of aluminum foil or black adhesive tape;
the upper surface of the table body 1 is provided with a processing assembly, the processing assembly comprises a YAG laser 3, the upper surface of the table body 1 is fixedly provided with two electric telescopic rods 4, the top ends of the two electric telescopic rods 4 are fixedly provided with a mounting plate 9, the YAG laser 3 is fixedly arranged on the lower surface of the mounting plate 9, and a lens on the surface of the YAG laser 3 corresponds to the position of the processing groove 2;
a restraint assembly is arranged in the table body 1 and comprises two water collecting grooves which are respectively formed in the left side wall and the right side wall of the table body 1 and two jet pipes 6 which are respectively fixedly arranged at the left side wall and the right side wall of the processing groove 2, the two jet pipes 6 are respectively communicated with the two water collecting grooves, a groove cover 5 is rotatably arranged at the notch of each water collecting groove, and an electric control valve is arranged in each jet pipe 6;
the water is a good water restraint layer material, the laser shock strengthening technology utilizes laser to have good penetrability in the water, when laser pulse acts on the surface of the material, plasma shock waves with high pressure and high stress rate are generated, and the acting direction of the shock waves is restrained by utilizing the surface tension of the water, so that the acting time and acting force of the shock waves on the surface of the material are effectively increased;
the metal component 7 coated with the absorption protective layer 8 is placed in the processing tank 2, then the electric control valve in the jet pipe 6 is controlled to be opened, water in the water collecting tank flows into the processing tank 2 from the jet pipe 6 until the horizontal plane completely submerges the metal component 7, the electric control valve can be closed, the water can form a restraint layer at this time, the electric telescopic rod 4 drives the mounting plate 9 and the YAG laser 3 to move downwards, after the electric telescopic rod moves to a proper position, the YAG laser 3 is started to carry out pre-impact on the metal component 7, high-power short-pulse laser penetrates through the lens of the YAG laser 3 and irradiates the surface of the metal component 7, the absorption protective layer 8 coated on the surface of the metal component 7 quickly absorbs laser energy to generate explosive gasification, plasma is generated instantly, and a recoil effect generated by plasma airflow forms a high-pressure shock wave with the magnitude of GPa under the influence of the water restraint layer, and the shock wave is transmitted to the interior of the material, and when the shock wave pressure is greater than the dynamic yield strength of the material, the material is subjected to ultrahigh strain rate plastic deformation.
In the present invention, the method of use for the device comprises the steps of:
s1: firstly, coating an absorption protective layer 8 on the surface of a metal part 7 to be processed;
s2: then the metal component 7 coated with the absorption protective layer 8 is thrown into the processing tank 2, and the electric control valve in the jet pipe 6 is controlled to be opened, so that water in the water collecting tank flows into the processing tank 2 from the jet pipe 6 until the horizontal plane completely sinks the metal component 7, and the electric control valve can be closed;
s3: the electric telescopic rod 4 drives the mounting plate 9 and the YAG laser 3 to move downwards, and after the electric telescopic rod moves to a proper position, the YAG laser 3 is started to pre-impact the metal part 7;
s4: the machined metal part 7 is taken out and cleaned.
In the invention, high-power short-pulse laser transmitted from a lens of a YAG laser 3 irradiates the surface of a metal part 7, an absorption protective layer 8 coated on the surface of the metal part 7 quickly absorbs laser energy to generate explosive gasification, plasma is generated instantly, a recoil action generated by plasma airflow forms high-pressure shock wave with GPa magnitude under the influence of a water restraint layer and is transmitted to the interior of a material, when the pressure of the shock wave is greater than the dynamic yield strength of the material, the material generates ultrahigh strain rate plastic deformation, and a gradient structure of residual compressive stress and microstructure is formed on the surface layer of the metal part 7 by utilizing the force effect of laser-induced plasma shock wave, so that the performances of fatigue resistance, wear resistance, stress corrosion resistance and the like of the material are improved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A device for preventing metal parts from being subjected to additive repair thermal deformation comprises a table body (1), and is characterized in that a machining groove (2) is vertically formed in the center of the upper surface of the table body (1), and a metal part (7) to be machined is placed in the machining groove (2);
the processing assembly is arranged on the upper surface of the table body (1) and comprises a YAG laser (3), two electric telescopic rods (4) are fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the table body (1), a mounting plate (9) is fixedly mounted at the top ends of the two electric telescopic rods (4), the YAG laser (3) is fixedly mounted on the lower surface of the mounting plate (9), and a lens on the surface of the YAG laser (3) corresponds to the position of the processing groove (2);
be equipped with the restraint subassembly in the stage body (1), the restraint subassembly includes that two are seted up respectively at the catch bowl of lateral wall about the stage body (1) and two jet pipe (6) of fixed mounting in cell wall department about processing groove (2), two jet pipe (6) are linked together with two catch bowls respectively, catch bowl mouth department rotates installs capping (5), be equipped with electric control valve in jet pipe (6).
2. The device for preventing the additive repair thermal deformation of the metal component is characterized in that the surface of the metal component (7) is coated with an absorption protection layer (8), and the material of the absorption protection layer (8) is aluminum foil or black adhesive tape.
3. A use method of a device for preventing metal component additive repairing thermal deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: firstly, coating an absorption protective layer (8) on the surface of a metal part (7) to be processed;
s2: then, the metal part (7) coated with the absorption protective layer (8) is thrown into the processing tank (2), and the electric control valve in the jet pipe (6) is controlled to be opened, so that water in the water collecting tank flows into the processing tank (2) from the interior of the jet pipe (6), and the electric control valve can be closed until the horizontal plane completely sinks the metal part (7);
s3: the electric telescopic rod (4) drives the mounting plate (9) and the YAG laser (3) to move downwards, and after the electric telescopic rod moves to a proper position, the YAG laser (3) is started to carry out pre-impact on the metal part (7);
s4: and taking out the processed metal part (7) and cleaning.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210453281.0A CN114850510A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Method and device for preventing metal part additive repair thermal deformation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210453281.0A CN114850510A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Method and device for preventing metal part additive repair thermal deformation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114850510A true CN114850510A (en) | 2022-08-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202210453281.0A Pending CN114850510A (en) | 2022-04-27 | 2022-04-27 | Method and device for preventing metal part additive repair thermal deformation |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103143593A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock wave metal plate reshaping method and device |
| CN103789529A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for laser shock aging treatment |
| CN105734233A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-07-06 | 山东华云机电科技有限公司 | Ultrasound enhancing method for prolonging fatigue life of metal workpiece and application of method |
| CN107186214A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser heating power successively interacts the combination unit of increasing material manufacturing |
| CN107497971A (en) * | 2017-09-17 | 2017-12-22 | 吴华均 | A kind of laser cutting method for wire rod cutting |
| CN109048026A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-21 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of electro-beam welding method of the double girth joints with one heart of cast aluminium alloy gold |
| CN110346074A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-10-18 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method measuring induced with laser bubble collapse impact force |
| CN114250352A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving service stability of high-temperature alloy disc or ring part and disc or ring part obtained by method |
-
2022
- 2022-04-27 CN CN202210453281.0A patent/CN114850510A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103143593A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock wave metal plate reshaping method and device |
| CN103789529A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏大学 | Method and device for laser shock aging treatment |
| CN105734233A (en) * | 2016-03-08 | 2016-07-06 | 山东华云机电科技有限公司 | Ultrasound enhancing method for prolonging fatigue life of metal workpiece and application of method |
| CN107186214A (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2017-09-22 | 江苏大学 | A kind of laser heating power successively interacts the combination unit of increasing material manufacturing |
| CN107497971A (en) * | 2017-09-17 | 2017-12-22 | 吴华均 | A kind of laser cutting method for wire rod cutting |
| CN109048026A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2018-12-21 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | A kind of electro-beam welding method of the double girth joints with one heart of cast aluminium alloy gold |
| CN110346074A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-10-18 | 江苏大学 | A kind of device and method measuring induced with laser bubble collapse impact force |
| CN114250352A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-03-29 | 北京钢研高纳科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving service stability of high-temperature alloy disc or ring part and disc or ring part obtained by method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
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