CN114850238B - Preparation method of iron bronze pipe - Google Patents

Preparation method of iron bronze pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114850238B
CN114850238B CN202210456017.2A CN202210456017A CN114850238B CN 114850238 B CN114850238 B CN 114850238B CN 202210456017 A CN202210456017 A CN 202210456017A CN 114850238 B CN114850238 B CN 114850238B
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China
Prior art keywords
copper
pipe
stage
copper pipe
annealing
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CN114850238A (en
Inventor
杨建军
傅海东
卢强
徐庆刚
陈世奇
石云水
葛厚鲁
黄国平
柏昆亚
杨莉军
翁满丽
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Shanghai Hailiang Copper Co ltd
Zhejiang Hailiang Co Ltd
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Shanghai Hailiang Copper Co ltd
Zhejiang Hailiang Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210456017.2A priority Critical patent/CN114850238B/en
Publication of CN114850238A publication Critical patent/CN114850238A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/08—Making wire, bars, tubes
    • B21C23/085—Making tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B17/00—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling
    • B21B17/02—Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling with mandrel, i.e. the mandrel rod contacts the rolled tube over the rod length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C29/00—Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work
    • B21C29/003—Cooling or heating of work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/004—Copper alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/108—Feeding additives, powders, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/111—Treating the molten metal by using protecting powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a bronze tube, which comprises a copper ingot preparation stage, an extrusion stage, a rolling stage, a stretching stage and a car straight annealing stage, and solves the problem that the existing bronze tube is blank from raw materials to finished product production of the bronze tube.

Description

Preparation method of iron bronze pipe
[ field of technology ]
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an iron bronze pipe.
[ background Art ]
The iron bronze is a typical precipitation strengthening copper alloy, the alloy has higher strength and electrical conductivity, the iron bronze strip is widely applied to lead frames required by integrated circuits or separator elements, the iron bronze pipe has higher strength and thermal conductivity, the iron bronze pipe has lower cost advantage than other copper alloys, the preparation method and process of the iron bronze pipe are still blank in China at present, and the method for effectively preparing the iron bronze pipe is lacking.
[ invention ]
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a preparation method of an iron bronze pipe, which is developed in a full flow of the production process of the iron bronze pipe and solves the problem of blank production in the field of producing the pipe by using the alloy in China.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: the preparation method of the iron bronze pipe comprises the preparation stages of copper ingots: casting copper liquid into a crystallizer by using an induction heating furnace for crystallization cooling, wherein the casting temperature is kept within 1100-1250 ℃, the casting speed is 2.5-5m/h, the surface of the copper liquid in the crystallizer is covered with carbon black, the thickness of the carbon black is not less than 50mm, the molten iron bronze is cooled in the crystallizer to prepare copper bars with phi 248 x 6400mm, sawing and milling the copper bars to obtain copper bars with phi 241 x 400+/-5 mm, and the extrusion stage: heating a copper ingot to 760-860 ℃, extruding into a copper pipe, peeling, setting the extrusion speed to 22mm/s and the thickness of the pressed residual to 30-45mm, cooling the copper pipe, sawing the head and the tail of the copper pipe, and straightening the copper pipe through a car straightening machine to obtain a car-straightening copper pipe, wherein in the rolling stage: cold rolling the car straight copper pipe by adopting a rolling mill, wherein the single feeding amount is 4-10 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40-65 times/min, the rotation angle of the core rod is within 43-55 degrees, and the stretching stage is as follows: softening and annealing the rolled copper pipe in an annealing furnace at 650-750 ℃, making a head, and stretching the copper pipe by a stretcher to obtain a copper pipe finished product with corresponding specification, wherein the copper pipe is subjected to a car straight annealing stage: and (3) straightening the copper pipe finished product, and annealing after sizing, deburring, cleaning and blow-drying, wherein the annealing temperature is within 650-780 ℃ and the advancing speed is 180-220mm/min.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze pipe, the preparation method of the copper liquid in the copper ingot preparation stage comprises the following steps of firstly adding iron sheets into a smelting furnace, then heating and melting by utilizing an electric heating furnace, adding electrolytic copper in batches, adding phosphor copper after the electrolytic copper and the iron sheets are completely melted, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, meanwhile, performing furnace end scalding operation, covering the copper liquid by adopting bamboo charcoal, and the thickness of the bamboo charcoal covering agent is not less than 100mm.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze pipe, in the extrusion stage, the copper ingot is heated to 760-860 ℃ in a gradient heating mode by adopting a straight-through heating furnace, and the heating source is natural gas heating.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze copper pipe, the copper pipe is cooled through water seal in the extrusion stage, the sawing length of the head part of the copper pipe is 40-80mm, and the sawing stranding of the tail part is 80-100mm.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze copper pipe, the skinning thickness in the stretching stage is 0.15-0.20mm, and the copper pipe needs to be subjected to burr polishing and copper scraps cleaning before entering an annealing furnace.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze pipe, the single feeding amount of the car straight copper pipe in the rolling stage is 8 mm/time, the rolling speed is 60 times/min, and the rotation angle of the core bar is 50 degrees.
In the preparation method of the iron bronze copper pipe, the annealing in the car straight annealing stage mainly changes the metal characteristics of a copper pipe finished product, the annealing temperature is 750 ℃, and the advancing speed is 210mm/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the iron bronze pipe is prepared by sequentially passing through a copper ingot preparation stage, an extrusion stage, a rolling stage, a stretching stage and a car straight annealing stage, so that the blank of the existing production process for preparing the iron bronze pipe from raw materials to finished products is effectively filled, the production steps of the product are optimized on the premise of ensuring the quality of the copper pipe, and the production efficiency is improved.
According to the invention, the temperature of the copper liquid is kept within 1100-1250 ℃, the casting speed is 2.5-5m/h, stable fusion of each metal component in the copper liquid is conveniently kept, the casting speed is 2.5-5m/h, the copper liquid is conveniently and stably and rapidly fed into a crystallizer to be cooled into corresponding copper bars, then the copper bars are directly sawed and milled to obtain copper ingots with phi 241 x 400+/-5 mm, the copper bars are rapidly heated to the temperature convenient for rolling in the heating process, the problem of long heating time caused by over-thick copper ingots is avoided, the subsequent processing time is shortened, the copper ingots are then heated to 760-860 ℃, the extrusion speed is set to be 22mm/s, the residual pressing thickness is set to be 30-45mm, the copper tubes are extruded, the extrusion temperature and the extrusion speed are selected, the copper ingots are ensured to be rapidly deformed to reach the preset size, the optimal extrusion forming speed is maintained, the production speed is improved, and then the qualified copper tubes are produced after cold rolling, stretching and car direct annealing.
According to the invention, the copper pipe is subjected to cold rolling, the single feeding amount is 4-10 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40-65 times/min, the rotation angle of the core rod is within 43-55 ℃, under the combined action of the three parameters of the feeding amount, the rolling speed and the rotation angle of the core rod, the rolled copper pipe has good ovality and uniform wall thickness, the damage to the core rod and the hole pattern is small while the high production efficiency is ensured, and the efficiency utilization rate of rolling equipment is high; and under the process conditions, the defects of copper pipe ellipse, uneven wall thickness, folding, dent and the like can be effectively avoided.
According to the invention, when the rolled copper pipe is stretched, the copper pipe is softened in an annealing furnace at 650-750 ℃, then the copper pipe is stretched by a stretcher, the softened copper pipe is more convenient to stretch, the metal plasticity is good, the influence of the stretcher on the stretching of the copper pipe caused by over-softness or over-hardness is avoided, the maximum stretching speed is protected on the premise that the copper pipe can be stably stretched, and the production efficiency is further improved.
According to a further scheme, the preparation method of the copper liquid in the copper ingot preparation stage comprises the following steps of firstly adding iron sheets into a smelting furnace, then heating and melting by utilizing an electric heating furnace, adding electrolytic copper in batches, adding phosphor copper after the electrolytic copper and the iron sheets are completely melted, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, and meanwhile, carrying out furnace end scalding operation, wherein bamboo charcoal is adopted to cover the copper liquid, and the thickness of the bamboo charcoal covering agent is not less than 100mm. The bamboo charcoal covering agent has good heat preservation effect, avoids copper liquid surface cooling, prolongs the solidification time of copper liquid in a riser, and is added electrolytic copper in batches, so that the purpose of adding chemical materials in batches is that the small batch is faster, the production efficiency is higher, the damage to a furnace body is smaller due to small batch addition, the service life of the furnace is prolonged, finally phosphorus copper is added to prevent phosphorus from being volatilized in the copper liquid, the initial addition of the phosphorus copper is avoided, the phosphorus volatilization is serious in the whole chemical material process, and a certain difficulty is brought to component control.
In a further scheme, in the extrusion stage, the copper ingot is heated to 760-860 ℃ by adopting a straight-through heating furnace in a gradient heating mode, and the heating source is natural gas heating. The direct-through heating furnace utilizes the heat dissipated by the heating area to preheat the copper ingot, and has the advantages of more fully utilizing the heat, saving the cost, and adopting the direct aim of gradient heating to effectively save energy.
According to a further scheme, the copper pipe is cooled through water seal in the extrusion stage, the sawing length of the head part of the copper pipe is 40-80mm, and the sawing length of the tail part of the copper pipe is 80-100mm. The water seal cooling speed is fast, avoid copper pipe surface capillary temperature higher, with the condition of air contact and oxidation production oxide skin, copper pipe head excision part copper pipe, the copper pipe keeps even wall thickness because of the uneven part of copper pipe wall thickness appears in metal flow disorder when effectively getting rid of initial extrusion, and afterbody saw cuts partial length, in order to avoid extrusion later stage metal temperature to reduce, mobility weakens, lead to afterbody tubular product to have layering phenomenon, saw cuts the processing that can effectively avoid the later process extravagant, copper pipe extrusion afterbody is solid hole sealing simultaneously, be convenient for follow-up perforation rolling after excision.
According to a further scheme, the skinning thickness in the stretching stage is 0.15-0.20mm, and burrs of the copper pipe are required to be polished and copper scraps are required to be cleaned before the copper pipe enters the annealing furnace. The peeling can effectively remove oxide skin and surface defects on the surface of the copper pipe, clean burrs and scraps of the copper pipe, and prevent impurities from being formed on the copper pipe during annealing to influence the product quality of the copper pipe.
In a further scheme, in the rolling stage, the single feeding amount of the straight copper pipe is 8 mm/time, the rolling speed is 60 times/min, and the rotation angle of the core rod is 50 degrees. The single feeding amount, the rolling speed and the parameter setting of the core bar rotation angle are favorable for rapid rolling of the copper pipe, meanwhile, the specification quality of the copper pipe is ensured, and the rolling time of the copper pipe is shortened.
In a further scheme, in the car straight annealing stage, the annealing mainly changes the metal characteristics of a copper pipe finished product, the annealing temperature is 750 ℃, and the travelling speed is 210mm/min. This temperature setting can carry out annealing adjustment to metal characteristics such as copper pipe tensile strength, yield strength and elongation after breaking fast, and both parameter settings avoid the high energy waste problem that causes of temperature, or when annealing temperature is lower, need longer holding time and the processing time long problem that the speed of marcing is busy bring, effectively synthesizes its energy consumption and efficiency, when making the product reach the quick annealing purpose of softening fast, reduces the energy consumption, improves process speed.
These features and advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail in the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
[ description of the drawings ]
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be explained and illustrated below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, but the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the examples in the implementation manner, other examples obtained by a person skilled in the art without making creative efforts fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for preparing a bronze copper pipe according to the embodiment of the invention processes a main copper liquid (iron bronze) raw material into a copper ingot, and then sequentially processes the copper ingot through an extrusion stage, a rolling stage, a stretching stage and a car straight annealing stage to prepare a product which meets the corresponding standard.
In the embodiment, the main components of the copper liquid comprise electrolytic copper, iron sheet and phosphor copper alloy, the component content range of the copper liquid accords with GB/T5231-2012 standard, when the copper liquid is specifically prepared, firstly, the iron sheet is added into a smelting furnace, then the electrolytic copper is added in batches, after the electrolytic copper and the iron sheet are melted completely, phosphor copper is added, the copper liquid is stirred and kept stand for 10 minutes, meanwhile, the furnace end scalding operation is carried out, the liquid surface is covered and insulated by bamboo charcoal, the temperature is not lower than 100mm, then the casting temperature is controlled by adjusting the voltage, the casting temperature is kept within 1100-1250 ℃, the casting speed is 2.5-5m/h, the copper liquid in a crystallizer is covered by carbon black, the thickness is not lower than 50mm, the primary cooling is the cooling of the crystallizer, the secondary cooling is carried out by air cooling, the copper bar with phi 248 mm is obtained, and the copper bar is sawed to obtain a copper ingot with phi 241 of 400+/-5 mm.
In this embodiment, the purpose of adding electrolytic copper in batches is that the material melting speed is faster, the production efficiency is higher, the damage to the furnace body is smaller when adding in batches, the service life of the furnace is prolonged, and finally the purpose of adding phosphorus copper is that phosphorus is easy to volatilize in the copper liquid, if the phosphorus is added initially, the volatilization of phosphorus is serious in the whole material melting process, and a certain difficulty is brought to component control.
In this embodiment, the furnace end is scalded to raise the furnace mouth temperature, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the copper liquid is condensed in the furnace end when the copper liquid is poured due to the excessively low furnace mouth temperature, and ensure the smooth pouring of the copper liquid.
In this embodiment, the extrusion stage specifically operates as: firstly, a copper ingot through-type heating furnace adopts a gradient heating method, and gradually heats up and heats through 1 zone to 7 zone, the corresponding temperatures of the 1 st zone to the 7 th zone are 570 ℃, 620 ℃, 670 ℃, 720 ℃, 770 ℃, 800 ℃ and 820 ℃ in sequence, and the heating furnace adopts a through-type heating mode, so that the gradient heating is adopted, and the copper ingot is preheated by utilizing the heat dissipated by a heating zone, so that the method has the advantages of more fully utilizing the heat and saving the cost; the direct aim of gradient heating is to effectively save energy, the copper ingot is gradually heated from low temperature to the temperature to be extruded, the method can effectively meet the requirement of the extrusion process, the consumption of natural gas for front-stage low-temperature heating is less, so as to achieve the aim of saving energy, meanwhile, the whole copper ingot is heated in a gradient heating mode to be more uniform, the problem that the copper ingot is affected by uneven heating and stretching is avoided, the problem that the copper ingot is excessively softened inside due to temperature difference inside and outside the copper ingot in a single high-temperature environment and is not softened inside the copper ingot is avoided, the subsequent extrusion deformation of the copper ingot is affected, the heating source is natural gas, the copper ingot is extruded after the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the extrusion process is carried out, the thickness of the extruded copper pipe is set to be 30-45mm, the extruded copper pipe is sawed after being cooled by water seal, the head is cut for 40-80mm, the tail saw cut for 80-100mm, and then the copper pipe is straightened by a straightening machine and enters a rolling stage after being manually renovated and checked.
In this embodiment, the water seal cooling is to extrude the copper pipe and pull through the traction dolly, directly enters into the water seal groove that has flowing water, carries out quick cooling, and its advantage lies in the temperature of quick reduction extrusion capillary, makes things convenient for subsequent processing, has also avoided the capillary temperature higher, oxidizes in the air and produces the problem of other defects such as oxide skin.
In this embodiment, the copper pipe head cuts partial copper pipe, effectively gets rid of the copper pipe wall thickness uneven part that appears because of metal flow disorder when initially extruding, makes the copper pipe keep even wall thickness, and afterbody saw cuts partial length, and in order to avoid extrusion later metal temperature to reduce, the mobility weakens, leads to afterbody tubular product to have layering phenomenon, saw cuts the processing that can effectively avoid the later process extravagant, and copper pipe extrusion afterbody is solid hole sealing simultaneously, is convenient for follow-up perforation rolling after cutting.
In the invention, the peeling has the advantages of removing surface defects or oxide skin of the copper ingot, controlling the peeling thickness within 1-3mm, and avoiding the problem that the thickness uniformity of the wall thickness of the extruded pipe is poor due to thicker peeling.
In this embodiment, the rolling stage specifically includes: the obtained extruded copper pipe is rolled by a 115 rolling mill, the used dies are mainly core bars and hole patterns, the sizes of the dies used for rolling the pipes with different specifications are different, the main rolling process is as follows, the extruded pipe is directly cold-rolled, the single feeding amount is 4-10 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40-65 times/min, and the rotation angle of the core bars is 43-55 degrees.
The copper pipe is cold rolled, when the single feeding amount is smaller, the rolling speed is low, and the production efficiency is seriously affected; when the feeding amount is large and the rolling speed is high, the defects of uneven wall thickness, folding and the like of the pipe can be caused.
The single feeding amount of the copper pipe cold rolling in the embodiment of the invention is 4-10 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40-65 times/min, the rotation angle of the core rod is within 43-55 degrees, under the combined action of the three parameters of the feeding amount, the rolling speed and the rotation angle of the core rod, the rolled pipe has good ovality and uniform wall thickness, the damage to the core rod and the hole pattern is smaller while ensuring higher production efficiency under the parameters, the efficiency utilization rate of rolling equipment is high, and the defects of ovality, uneven wall thickness, folding, concave and the like of the pipe can be effectively avoided under the process conditions.
The single feeding amount of the sedan-chair straight copper pipe in the preferred rolling stage is 8 mm/time, the rolling speed is 60 times/min, the rotation angle of the core rod is 50 degrees, and the ratio is set on the premise that products are stably rolled into products meeting the standard, so that the feeding amount of the copper pipe is maximally improved, the processing speed is improved, and the processing efficiency is effectively improved.
Of course, in the embodiment, the single feeding amount of the copper pipe during cold rolling can be 4 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40 times/min, the rotation angle of the core rod is 45 degrees, and the rolling requirement of the copper pipe can be met.
In this embodiment, the stretching stage is specifically: and after the copper pipe obtained by rolling is subjected to head making, single-pass or multi-pass stretching is performed through a stretcher, different core heads are matched with an outer die according to the requirements on the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the pipe, sawing is performed to obtain a fixed-length pipe, during specific processing, the copper pipe is firstly polished through burrs at two ends, after copper scraps are cleaned, the copper pipe is subjected to softening annealing at 650-750 ℃ in an annealing furnace, then the head is manufactured again, and multi-pass stretching is performed through a single stretcher, so that a copper pipe finished product with the required specification is obtained.
In the test production process of initial iron bronze, the outer surface of the finished product annealed pipe is provided with a bubble tube with a certain proportion, and bubbles are only one layer of the outer surface.
In the above embodiment, the header is a header stretching machine for stretching one end of the pipe, and compacting one end of the pipe under the action of four-way pressure stress, which has the function of enabling one end of the pipe to effectively pass through the outer mold, enabling the tractor to smoothly clamp one end of the pipe, and enabling the pipe to be subjected to plastic deformation under the cooperation of the core header and the outer mold, so that the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the pipe meet the design requirements.
In the embodiment of the invention, the requirements on the outer diameter and the wall thickness of the pipe are different, different stretching passes are selected, the processing rate of the common pass is controlled to be about 1.3, the range of the processing rate is more than 1.3-1.5, the number of the stretching passes of the pipe is increased due to smaller elongation coefficient, and the pipe is broken due to overlarge elongation coefficient.
In this embodiment, the specific steps in the car straight annealing stage include: and (3) straightening the copper pipe finished product, and annealing after sizing, deburring, cleaning and blow-drying at 650-780 ℃ and at the travelling speed of 180-220mm/min.
In the embodiment, burrs of the finished copper pipe product are removed before the car is annealed, and the phenomenon that burrs, copper scraps and the like remain on the surface of the copper pipe during annealing to influence the quality of the copper pipe is avoided.
In this embodiment, in order to change the metal characteristics of the copper tube by annealing according to the production needs of different products in the direct annealing stage, the main metal characteristics mainly change the tensile strength (MPa), the yield strength (MPa) and the elongation after break (%) to set the annealing temperature, the temperature is set too high, the energy consumption of producing the copper tube with the corresponding metal characteristics is relatively large, and the annealing temperature is low, which requires a longer heat-preserving heating time and a lower advancing speed, thus resulting in low production efficiency.
In the embodiment of the invention, the annealing temperature is controlled within 650-780 ℃, the advancing speed is controlled within 180-220mm/min, and the production efficiency is improved to the greatest extent and the production efficiency and the cost are integrated on the premise of reducing the energy consumption processing efficiency on the premise of ensuring that the performance of the reference metal can reach the prefabrication condition.
Specifically, in the embodiment of the invention, the annealing temperature is controlled at 650 ℃, and the advancing speed is 180mm/min;
or the annealing temperature is controlled at 700 ℃ and the advancing speed is 195mm/min;
or the annealing temperature is controlled at 745 ℃, and the travelling speed is 210mm/min, so that the production efficiency can be considered, and the energy consumption loss can be reduced, thereby integrating the production efficiency and the cost.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention includes but is not limited to the accompanying drawings and the description of the above specific embodiment. Any modifications which do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The preparation method of the iron bronze pipe is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
copper ingot preparation stage: casting copper liquid into a crystallizer by using an induction heating furnace for crystallization and cooling, wherein the casting temperature is kept at 1100-1250 ℃, the casting speed is 2.5-5m/h, the surface of the copper liquid in the crystallizer is covered with carbon black, the thickness of the carbon black is not less than 50mm, the molten iron bronze is cooled in the crystallizer to prepare copper bars with phi 248 x 6400mm, and sawing and milling the copper bars to obtain copper ingots with phi 241 x 400+/-5 mm;
extrusion stage: heating a copper ingot to 760-860 ℃, extruding the copper ingot into a copper pipe, peeling the copper pipe, setting the extrusion speed to be 22mm/s and the thickness of the rest of the copper pipe to be 30-45mm, cooling the copper pipe, sawing the head and the tail of the copper pipe, and straightening the copper pipe by a straightener to obtain a straightened copper pipe;
and (3) rolling: cold rolling the straightening copper pipe by adopting a rolling mill, wherein the single feeding amount is 4-10 mm/time, the rolling speed is 40-65 times/min, and the rotation angle of the core rod is 43-55 degrees;
stretching: softening and annealing the rolled copper pipe in an annealing furnace at 650-750 ℃, making a head, and stretching the copper pipe by a stretcher to obtain a copper pipe finished product with corresponding specification, wherein in the stretching stage, at least one peeling is carried out;
straightening and annealing: straightening a copper pipe finished product, and annealing after sizing, deburring, cleaning and blow-drying, wherein the annealing temperature is 650-780 ℃ and the advancing speed is 180-220mm/min; the preparation method of the copper liquid in the copper ingot preparation stage comprises the following steps of firstly adding iron sheets into a smelting furnace, then heating and melting by utilizing an electric heating furnace, adding electrolytic copper in batches, adding phosphor copper after the electrolytic copper and the iron sheets are completely melted, stirring, standing for 10 minutes, and meanwhile, carrying out furnace end scalding operation, wherein bamboo charcoal is adopted to cover the copper liquid, and the thickness of the bamboo charcoal covering agent is not less than 100mm.
2. The method for producing a copper tube for iron and steel according to claim 1, wherein the copper ingot is heated to 760-860 ℃ in a gradient heating manner by a straight-through heating furnace in the extrusion stage, and the heating source is natural gas.
3. A method of producing a copper tube for iron blue according to claim 1, wherein the copper tube is cooled by water seal in the extrusion stage, the sawing length of the head of the copper tube is 40-80mm, and the sawing length of the tail is 80-100mm.
4. A method of producing a copper bronze tube according to claim 1, wherein the skinning thickness in the drawing stage is 0.15-0.20mm, and the copper tube is subjected to deburring and scrap cleaning before entering the lehr.
5. A method for producing a copper iron alloy tube according to claim 1, wherein the single feed of the straightening copper tube in the rolling stage is 8 mm/time, the rolling speed is 60 times/min, and the rotation angle of the core rod is 50 °.
6. A method of producing a copper iron alloy tube as claimed in claim 1 wherein said annealing in said straightening annealing stage is used to change the metallic characteristics of the finished copper tube at a temperature of 750 ℃ and at a speed of 210mm/min.
CN202210456017.2A 2022-04-27 2022-04-27 Preparation method of iron bronze pipe Active CN114850238B (en)

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