CN114849095A - Working method of breathing air pressure reduction system suitable for emergency shelter of shelter - Google Patents
Working method of breathing air pressure reduction system suitable for emergency shelter of shelter Download PDFInfo
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- CN114849095A CN114849095A CN202210513786.1A CN202210513786A CN114849095A CN 114849095 A CN114849095 A CN 114849095A CN 202210513786 A CN202210513786 A CN 202210513786A CN 114849095 A CN114849095 A CN 114849095A
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- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 41
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B7/00—Respiratory apparatus
- A62B7/02—Respiratory apparatus with compressed oxygen or air
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
- A62B9/00—Component parts for respiratory or breathing apparatus
- A62B9/02—Valves
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Abstract
The invention discloses a working method of a respiratory air pressure reducing system for emergency shelter, which is suitable for a shelter, and comprises the following steps: s1, the air pressure of the compressed air in the high-pressure air bottle group is P0, and the air pressure of the compressed air is reduced to P1 after the compressed air passes through the primary pressure reducing mechanism; step S2, after the air output from the primary pressure reducing mechanism passes through the secondary pressure reducing mechanism, the air pressure is reduced to P2; and step S3, releasing the air output from the two-stage pressure reduction mechanism into the environment through the output mechanism for the breathing of the person. The invention can lead the finally output gas flow to be stabilized at 480 cubic meters per hour through the matching of the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism, the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism and the output mechanism, can be used by a plurality of persons in the shelter for a long time, ensures the life safety of the persons before the rescue is reached, and strives for time for the rescue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air pressure reduction, in particular to a working method of a breathing air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter, which is suitable for a shelter.
Background
Generally, in chemical plants, oil plants, natural gas plants and other plants, temporary shelters are usually installed, and when an accident occurs in the plant and toxic and harmful gas is leaked, workers can only enter the shelters to avoid and protect the plants and wait for rescue. However, the shelter is generally in a dangerous environment of poisonous, harmful, flammable and explosive, and needs to isolate the outside poisonous and harmful gas to ensure the safety of the inside refuge personnel and equipment, so a respiratory pressure reducing system is required to be installed in the shelter to provide clean air for the normal breathing of the refuge personnel and ensure the safety of the inside environment.
However, most of the existing respiratory decompression systems are applied to a single person, for example, a firefighter needs to provide clean air to maintain breathing by the respiratory decompression system during rescue, the air output by the respiratory decompression system used by the single person can only be used by one person for about 15 minutes in an emergency, the output air quantity is small, the service time is short, and the respiratory decompression system is not suitable for a scene of simultaneous use for many people and a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems that the air breathing pressure reduction system in the prior art cannot be suitable for being used by multiple persons for a long time and cannot provide a positive pressure safe shelter space, the invention provides a working method of the breathing air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter, which is suitable for a shelter, can continuously output clean air for a long time, can be used by dozens of persons at the same time and provides a micro-positive pressure safe space for the shelter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a method of operating a respiratory air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter service in a shelter, the respiratory air pressure reduction system comprising: the device comprises a first-stage pressure reducing mechanism, a second-stage pressure reducing mechanism and an output mechanism, wherein the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism is connected with a high-pressure air bottle set, compressed air is stored in the high-pressure air bottle set, the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism is communicated with the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism, and the output mechanism is communicated with the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism; the working method comprises the following steps: step S1, the air pressure of the compressed air in the high-pressure air bottle group is P0, and after the compressed air passes through the primary decompression mechanism, the air pressure is reduced to P1; step S2, after the air output from the primary pressure reducing mechanism passes through the secondary pressure reducing mechanism, the air pressure is reduced to P2; and step S3, releasing the air output from the two-stage pressure reduction mechanism into the environment through an output mechanism for the breathing of the person. Therefore, after the compressed air sequentially passes through the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism and the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism, the compressed air can be changed into normal-pressure air which is stably output to the shelter from the output mechanism, and people in the shelter can be guaranteed to breathe normally.
Further, the respiratory air pressure reduction system further comprises: and one end of the cold dissipating mechanism is connected with the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism, and the other end of the cold dissipating mechanism is connected with the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism. The cold dispersing mechanism can reduce the frosting of the system pipeline surface and improve the stability of the system operation.
Further, the one-stage pressure reducing mechanism includes: the high-pressure air cylinder group comprises a first air inlet pipeline, a second air inlet pipeline and a primary pressure reducing valve, wherein one end of the first air inlet pipeline is connected with the high-pressure air cylinder group, and the other end of the first air inlet pipeline is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve; one end of the second air inlet pipeline is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group, the other end of the second air inlet pipeline is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve, and the primary pressure reducing valve is connected with the cold dissipating mechanism. One of the first and second inlet lines may thus act as a backup inlet line to prevent sudden, emergency conditions.
Further, the one-stage pressure reducing mechanism further includes: and one end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group, and the other end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve. Therefore, when the first air inlet pipeline and the second air inlet pipeline are invalid, the manual emergency air inlet pipeline can be started, and the stable operation of the system is ensured.
Further, the two-stage pressure relief mechanism includes: the secondary pressure reducing valve comprises a secondary pressure reducing valve and a secondary output pipeline, wherein one end of the secondary pressure reducing valve is connected with the cold dissipating mechanism, the other end of the secondary pressure reducing valve is connected with the secondary output pipeline, and the secondary output pipeline is connected with the output mechanism. The two-stage pressure reducing mechanism can further reduce the gas pressure of the gas and increase the gas flow rate.
Further, the output mechanism includes: the device comprises a first output pipeline, a first confluence box, a plurality of branch pipelines, a second confluence box and a second output pipeline, wherein one end of the first output pipeline is connected with the second-level output pipeline, the other end of the first output pipeline is connected with the first confluence box, one ends of the branch pipelines are all installed on the first confluence box, the other ends of the branch pipelines are all installed on the second confluence box, and one branch pipeline is connected with the second output pipeline. Therefore, the stability of gas output can be further improved, and the flow fluctuation can be reduced.
Further, the number of the branch pipelines is three, the first junction box comprises a first partition chamber and a second partition chamber, the first partition chamber and the second partition chamber are not communicated, and the second junction box comprises a third partition chamber; the other end of first output pipeline and first one the one end of branch road pipeline all with first branch separates the chamber and is linked together, first the other end of branch road pipeline and second are two the other end of branch road pipeline all with the third branch separates the chamber and is linked together, the second is the one end of branch road pipeline and third the one end of branch road pipeline all with the second separates the chamber and is linked together, the third the other end of branch road pipeline with second output pipeline connects.
Furthermore, the outside parcel of branch road pipeline has the sound cotton of inhaling. The suction cotton can play a role in reducing noise and preserving heat.
Further, the cold dissipation mechanism comprises a first cold dissipation pipe and a second cold dissipation pipe, a plurality of cold dissipation sheets are arranged on the first cold dissipation pipe and the second cold dissipation pipe, one end of the first cold dissipation pipe is connected with the primary pressure reduction mechanism, the other end of the first cold dissipation pipe is communicated with the other end of the second cold dissipation pipe, and one end of the second cold dissipation pipe is connected with the secondary pressure reduction mechanism. This can improve the cooling efficiency of the cooling mechanism.
Further, the respiratory air pressure reduction system further comprises: and the safety valve is connected with the cold dissipation mechanism.
The working method of the breathing air pressure reducing system for emergency shelter of the shelter has the advantages that the primary pressure reducing mechanism, the secondary pressure reducing mechanism and the output mechanism are matched, so that large-flow gas can be stably output, the breathing air pressure reducing system can be used by multiple persons in the shelter for a long time, the life safety of the persons is guaranteed before rescue is achieved, and time is won for rescue; the surface frost condensation of the system pipeline can be reduced through the cold dispersing mechanism, and the running stability of the system is improved. Through set up first manifold box, a plurality of branch road pipelines and second manifold box between first output pipeline and second output pipeline, can further improve the stability of large-traffic gas output.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Figure 1 is a flow chart illustrating the method of operation of the present invention for a breathing air decompression system for emergency shelter use in a shelter;
FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the respiratory air pressure reduction system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front perspective view of the respiratory air decompression system of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the respiratory air decompression system of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a four-way joint of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the two-stage pressure relief mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the output mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the output mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of a first manifold box of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a second junction box of the present invention.
In the figure: 10. a respiratory air pressure reduction system; 11. a primary pressure reducing mechanism; 12. a high pressure air tank group; 13. a secondary pressure reducing mechanism; 14. an output mechanism; 15. a cold dissipation mechanism; 16. a safety valve; 111. a first air intake line; 112. a second air intake line; 113. a primary pressure reducing valve; 1111. a first air intake branch; 1112. a second air intake branch; 1113. a first electric control valve; 1114. a first manual regulating valve; 1121. a third air intake branch; 1122. a fourth air intake branch; 1123. a second electric control valve; 1124. a second manual regulating valve; 115. a four-way joint; 1151. a first interface; 1152. a second interface; 1153. a third interface; 1154. a fourth interface; 114. a manual emergency air inlet pipeline; 1141. a third manual regulating valve; 1142. an emergency air inlet pipeline; 131. a secondary pressure reducing valve; 132. a secondary output pipeline; 1311. a secondary pressure reducing valve body; 1312. a pressure reducing line; 133. a fourth manual regulating valve; 141. a first output conduit; 142. a first manifold box; 143. a branch pipeline; 144. a second manifold box; 145. a second output conduit; 146. a fixing ring; 1421. a first compartment; 1422. a second compartment; 1441. a third compartment; 1423. a first case; 1424. a partition plate; 1425. a first mounting port; 1442. a second box body; 1443. mounting a plate; 1444. a second mounting opening; 1431. sound-absorbing cotton; 151. a first cold dissipating pipe; 152. a second cold dissipating pipe; 153. a cooling tablet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are therefore not to be considered limiting of the invention. Furthermore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the method of operating a respiratory air decompression system for emergency shelter, according to the present invention, employs a respiratory air decompression system 10, wherein the respiratory air decompression system 10 comprises: the device comprises a first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11, a second-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 and an output mechanism 14, wherein the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11 is connected with a high-pressure air bottle group 12, compressed air is stored in the high-pressure air bottle group 12, the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 is communicated with the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11, and the output mechanism 14 is communicated with the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13.
As shown in fig. 2, the working method of the present invention includes: step S1, the air pressure of the compressed air in the high-pressure air bottle group 12 is P0, and after the compressed air passes through the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11, the air pressure is reduced to P1; step S2, after the air output from the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11 passes through the secondary pressure reducing mechanism 13, the air pressure is reduced to P2; in step S3, the air output from the two-stage decompression mechanism 13 is released into the environment through the output mechanism 14 for the breathing of the person.
In other words, the respiratory air decompression system 10 of the present invention is installed inside the shelter, and the high pressure air bottle set 12 stores clean compressed air, which passes through the first stage decompression mechanism 11 and the second stage decompression mechanism 13 in sequence, and then is outputted from the output mechanism 14 to the shelter, so as to ensure that the personnel in the shelter can breathe normally and wait for rescue. Since there are at least tens of persons in the shelter, a steady large flow of gas output is required to ensure that such persons can be used simultaneously. The specific output gas flow rate can be set according to the actual application site, for example, 480 cubic meters/hour can be set.
For example, the initial pressure P0 of the compressed air is 300 kg (the volume of the atmospheric air is compressed to 1/300), the pressure can be reduced to about 10-16 kg after passing through the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11 (i.e., P1 can be about 10-16 kg), and then the pressure can be reduced to a lower value, for example, 0.1 kg after passing through the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 (i.e., P2 can be 0.1 kg, which is close to atmospheric pressure). Taking the flow rate of one person breathing as 7.2 cubic meters per hour as an example, the flow rate of the gas output by the output mechanism 14 can be stabilized at 480 cubic meters per hour, which can be used for 50-60 persons to breathe normally for 1-2 hours, thereby ensuring the life safety of the persons in the shelter before the rescue is reached. Because the personnel in the shelter are more, the small flow gas can not meet the use requirement, but if the pressure reducing system with only one-stage pressure reducing mechanism in the prior art is adopted, the output gas flow is large in fluctuation and can not be stably output due to obvious sudden drop of the air pressure after the first-stage pressure reduction, and inconvenience is caused to the use of the personnel in the shelter. The primary and secondary decompression and delivery mechanisms 14 cooperate to provide a stable and continuous delivery of the final output airflow to the shelter.
As shown in fig. 3-10, in the present embodiment, the respiratory air decompression system 10 further includes: one end of the cold dissipation mechanism 15 is connected with the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11, and the other end of the cold dissipation mechanism 15 is connected with the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13. Specifically, the cold dissipation mechanism 15 includes a first cold dissipation pipe 151 and a second cold dissipation pipe 152, a plurality of cold dissipation fins 153 are disposed on the first cold dissipation pipe 151 and the second cold dissipation pipe 152, one end of the first cold dissipation pipe 151 is connected to the first-stage pressure reduction mechanism 11, the other end of the first cold dissipation pipe 151 is communicated with the other end of the second cold dissipation pipe 152, and one end of the second cold dissipation pipe 152 is connected to the second-stage pressure reduction mechanism 13. Because the compressed air is attenuated by nearly thirty times after passing through the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11, the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism 11 can absorb the heat of the surrounding environment when working, so that the temperature of the surrounding environment drops suddenly, further the outer surface of the pipeline is frosted and frozen, and the whole system can work unstably if the pipeline is frosted and frozen seriously.
In the present embodiment, the one-stage decompression mechanism 11 includes: the high-pressure air cylinder group 12 comprises a first air inlet pipeline 111, a second air inlet pipeline 112 and a primary pressure reducing valve 113, wherein one end of the first air inlet pipeline 111 is connected with the high-pressure air cylinder group 12, and the other end of the first air inlet pipeline 111 is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve 113; one end of the second air inlet pipeline 112 is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group 12, the other end of the second air inlet pipeline 112 is connected with a first-stage reducing valve 113, and the first-stage reducing valve 113 is connected with the cold dissipating mechanism 15. First and second intake conduits 111, 112 are two independently controlled circuits, both of which may be in communication with the cold dissipating mechanism 15. In actual use, any one loop can be selected for air intake, or two loops are opened at the same time.
Specifically, the first air intake pipeline 111 includes a first air intake branch 1111 and a second air intake branch 1112, the first air intake branch 1111 is provided with a first electric control valve 1113, the second air intake branch 1112 is provided with a first manual control valve 1114, and the first air intake branch 1111 and the second air intake branch 1112 are communicated through a connector. The second air intake pipeline 112 includes a third air intake branch 1121 and a fourth air intake branch 1122, a second electric control valve 1123 is installed on the third air intake branch 1121, a second manual control valve 1124 is installed on the fourth air intake branch 1122, and the third air intake branch 1121 and the fourth air intake branch 1122 are communicated through a connector. The first electric control valve 1113 can control the on-off of the first air inlet branch 1111, the first manual control valve 1114 can control the on-off of the second air inlet branch 1112, the second electric control valve 1123 can control the on-off of the third air inlet branch 1121, and the second manual control valve 1124 can control the on-off of the fourth air inlet branch 1122. In other words, opening any one of the inlet branches allows compressed air to enter the primary pressure reducing valve 113, and the primary pressure reducing valve 113 used in the present embodiment is adjusted in advance according to the requirement.
Further, the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11 includes a four-way joint 115, the four-way joint 115 includes a first port 1151, a second port 1152, a third port 1153, and a fourth port 1154, the four ports are communicated with each other, the first air intake branch 1111 is connected to the first port 1151, the second air intake branch 1112 is connected to the second port 1152, both the third air intake branch 1121 and the fourth air intake branch 1122 are connected to the fourth port 1154, and the third port 1153 is connected to the primary pressure reducing valve 113. Four-way joint 115 may communicate both first and second intake conduits 111, 112 with a primary pressure reducing valve 113.
When the respiratory air decompression system 10 is in operation, the first electric control valve 1113 and/or the second electric control valve 1123 may be opened, so that compressed air may enter the primary decompression valve 113 from the first intake branch 1111 and/or the third intake branch 1121 for decompression. When the electric control valve is not used, the first manual control valve 1114 and/or the second manual control valve 1124 can be manually opened to input the compressed air into the primary pressure reducing valve 113, so as to ensure that the breathing air pressure reducing system 10 can still work normally in case of an emergency, and ensure the life safety of the personnel in the shelter.
In other words, the first air inlet pipeline 111 and the second air inlet pipeline 112 are arranged, so that a first-stage protective measure can be provided, two electric and manual adjusting modes are respectively arranged in the first air inlet pipeline 111 and the second air inlet pipeline 112, so that a second-stage protective measure can be provided, the working stability of the breathing air decompression system 10 can be further improved through the first-stage and second-stage protective measures, and the stable and normal operation of the whole system is ensured when an emergency occurs.
In the present embodiment, the one-stage decompression mechanism 11 further includes: and one end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline 114 is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group 12, and the other end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline 114 is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve 113. Specifically, the manual emergency air inlet pipeline 114 includes a third manual regulating valve 1141 and an emergency air inlet pipeline 1142, the third manual regulating valve 1141 is installed on the emergency air inlet pipeline 1142, the emergency air inlet pipeline 1142 is communicated with the fourth port 1154, that is, the emergency air inlet pipeline 1142 is communicated with the first-stage pressure reducing valve 113. In the event that both the first and second inlet lines 111, 112 fail, the operator may manually open the third manual adjustment valve 1141 so that compressed air may continue to be input, providing a third level of protection. In other words, the present invention can protect the respiratory air decompression system 10 in all directions by the first, second and third level protection measures, so as to cope with various emergencies, further ensure the stable operation of the system, and ensure the life safety of personnel in the shelter.
In the present embodiment, the two-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 includes: one end of the secondary pressure reducing valve 131 is connected to the cooling unit 15, the other end of the secondary pressure reducing valve 131 is connected to the secondary output pipeline 132, and the secondary output pipeline 132 is connected to the output unit 14. Specifically, the secondary pressure reducing valve 131 includes a secondary pressure reducing valve body 1311 and a pressure reducing pipeline 1312, the secondary pressure reducing valve body 1311 is installed on the pressure reducing pipeline 1312, one end of the pressure reducing pipeline 1312 is fixedly connected to one end of the second cooling dissipation pipe 152, and the other end of the pressure reducing pipeline 1312 is fixedly connected to the secondary output pipeline 132. The second-stage output pipeline 132 can be further provided with a fourth manual regulating valve 133, during operation, the fourth manual regulating valve 133 is in a normally open state, and the fourth manual regulating valve 133 can be used for testing whether the whole system normally works. In this embodiment, the volume of the secondary pressure reducing valve body 1311 is much larger than that of the primary pressure reducing valve 113, and the pipe diameter of the secondary pressure reducing pipeline 1312 is much larger than that of the pipeline in the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11, because the compressed air passes through the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11 and the secondary pressure reducing mechanism 13, the gas compression ratio is obviously reduced, the volume of the gas is increased, and if the diameter of the secondary pressure reducing output pipe is the same as that of the primary pressure reducing output pipe, the gas flow is attenuated. Therefore, in order to ensure that the gas flow output after passing through the secondary pressure reducing mechanism 13 is not attenuated, the volume of the secondary pressure reducing valve body 1311 and the pipe diameter of the pipeline are both larger than those of the primary pressure reducing valve 113, for example, the pipe diameter of the secondary pressure reducing pipeline 1312 may be set to be four times that of the pipeline in the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11. In addition, the two-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 adopted by the invention is provided with a pilot valve, and has the function of stable output.
In the present embodiment, the output mechanism 14 includes: the first output pipeline 141, the first junction box 142, a plurality of branch pipelines 143, the second junction box 144 and the second output pipeline 145, one end of the first output pipeline 141 is connected with the second-stage output pipeline 132, the other end of the first output pipeline 141 is connected with the first junction box 142, one ends of the branch pipelines 143 are all installed on the first junction box 142, the other ends of the branch pipelines 143 are all installed on the second junction box 144, and one branch pipeline 143 is connected with the second output pipeline 145. Specifically, one end of the first output pipeline 141 is fixedly connected with the other end of the secondary pressure reducing pipeline 1312, and the pipe diameters of the first output pipeline 141 and the second output pipeline 145 are further enlarged than those of the secondary output pipeline 132, so that the gas flow can be further stabilized; the plurality of branch pipes 143 can perform diversion and confluence of gas, and since the flow rate of the gas to be output is fast and large, if the gas is directly output into the shelter, the flow rate is unstable, so that the gas can be stably output from the second output pipe 145 at 480 cubic meters/hour through the first confluence box 142, the plurality of branch pipes 143 and the second confluence box 144. In this embodiment, the secondary pressure reducing valve 131 is also adjusted in advance.
Specifically, the number of the branch pipes 143 is three, the first junction box 142 includes a first partition chamber 1421 and a second partition chamber 1422, the first partition chamber 1421 and the second partition chamber 1422 are not communicated with each other, and the second junction box 144 includes a third partition chamber 1441; the other end of the first output pipeline 141 and one end of the first branch pipeline 143 are both communicated with the first separating cavity 1421, the other end of the first branch pipeline 143 and the other end of the second branch pipeline 143 are both communicated with the third separating cavity 1441, one end of the second branch pipeline 143 and one end of the third branch pipeline 143 are both communicated with the second separating cavity 1422, and the other end of the third branch pipeline 143 is connected with the second output pipeline 145. The first junction box 142 includes a first box 1423, a partition 1424 is disposed in the first box 1423 to divide the inner space of the first box 1423 into a first partition 1421 and a second partition 1422, the first partition 1421 and the second partition 1422 are isolated from each other, four first installation ports 1425 are disposed on the upper surface of the first box 1423, the first output pipeline 141 and the first branch pipeline 143 are respectively installed on the first installation port 1425 and the second first installation port 1425, the first installation port 1425 and the second first installation port 1425 correspond to the first partition 1421, the second branch pipeline 143 and the third branch pipeline 143 are respectively installed on the third installation port 1425 and the fourth installation port 1425, and the third installation port 1425 and the fourth installation port 1425 correspond to the second partition 1422. The second junction box 144 includes a second box 1442, the inner space of the second box 1442 forms a third separating compartment 1441, a mounting plate 1443 extends outwards from one side of the lower surface of the second box 1442, two second mounting ports 1444 are opened on the lower surface of the second box 1442, the first branch pipe 143 and the second branch pipe 143 are respectively mounted on the two second mounting ports 1444, the two second mounting ports 1444 correspond to the third separating compartment 1441, a third second mounting port 1444 is opened on the mounting plate 1443, the third branch pipe 143 is mounted on the third second mounting port 1444, the third second mounting port 1444 is located outside the third separating compartment 1441, and the second output pipe 145 is connected with the upper end of the third branch pipe 143. It should be noted that the first mounting port 1425 and the second mounting port 1444 are both provided with a fixing ring 146, both ends of the branch pipe 143 are embedded in the fixing rings 146 to realize the fixation between the branch pipe and the first manifold box 142, the second manifold box 144, and the inner diameter of the fixing ring 146 is matched with the outer diameter of the branch pipe 143 to realize the sealing of the connection.
That is, gas output from the two-stage pressure reducing mechanism 13 may enter the first compartment 1421 through the first output conduit 141, the third compartment 1441 through the first branch conduit 143, the second compartment 1422 through the second branch conduit 143, and the second output conduit 145 through the third branch conduit 143. The length of the branch pipe 143 is, for example, 6 meters, and the output mechanism 14 is designed to have a plurality of return pipe structures, so that a sufficiently long path of the output mechanism 14 can be ensured, on one hand, a flow stabilizing effect is achieved, and on the other hand, noise can be reduced better. The first manifold box 142, the plurality of branch ducts 143, and the second manifold box 144 are provided between the first output duct 141 and the second output duct 145, so that stability of the airflow output can be improved.
In this embodiment, the outside of the branch duct 143 is wrapped with sound absorbing wool 1431. Since the flow rate of the gas outputted from the secondary pressure reducing mechanism 13 is fast, high decibel noise and squeal phenomenon are generated, and the high decibel noise and squeal phenomenon cause discomfort to the hearing of the personnel in the shelter, the noise decibel can be reduced by the sound absorbing cotton 1431, and the comfort level of the environment in the shelter is improved. In addition, inhale sound cotton 1431 and can also play the heat preservation effect, reduce the phenomenon that the air outlet appears the frost.
In the present embodiment, the respiratory air decompression system 10 further comprises: and the safety valve 16 is connected with the cold dispersing mechanism 15. In particular, the respiratory air decompression system 10 may be housed in a separate equipment room within the shelter, and the outlet of the second output duct 145 may be in communication with the space within the shelter. The safety valve 16 can be connected to the first cooling pipe 151 and the second cooling pipe 152 through pipes, that is, the safety valve 16 is connected to the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11, and when the pressure in the shelter is too high and the personnel feel uncomfortable, the personnel can open the safety valve 16 to release the excessive gas. It should be noted that the respiratory air decompression system 10 may further include an insulation box, and the first stage decompression mechanism 11, the second stage decompression mechanism 13 and the output mechanism 14 are all installed in the insulation box, so as to facilitate integral installation and transportation.
The working method of the respiratory air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter of the present invention comprises the following steps:
opening the first electric regulating valve 1113 and/or the second electric regulating valve 1123, so that the compressed air can enter the first-stage pressure reducing valve 113 from the first air inlet branch 1111 and/or the third air inlet branch 1121 to perform first-stage pressure reduction, and at this time, the cold dissipation mechanism 15 can perform cold dissipation to reduce the generation of frost on the surface of the pipeline; the gas pressure after the first-stage pressure reduction can be obviously reduced; the gas can then enter the secondary decompression mechanism 13 for secondary decompression, after which the gas pressure can be reduced to normal pressure and the flow rate can be kept stable, and finally, the gas can be output from the second output pipeline 145 to the personnel in the shelter for breathing through the first output pipeline 141, the first junction box 142, the plurality of branch pipelines 143 and the second junction box 144.
According to the working method of the breathing air pressure reducing system for emergency shelter of the shelter, the primary pressure reducing mechanism 11, the secondary pressure reducing mechanism 13 and the output mechanism 14 are matched, so that the finally output air flow is stabilized at 480 cubic meters per hour, the breathing air pressure reducing system can be used by multiple persons in the shelter for a long time, the life safety of the persons is guaranteed before the rescue is achieved, and the time is won for the rescue. The surface frost condensation of the system pipeline can be reduced through the cold dispersing mechanism 15, and the running stability of the system is improved. By providing the first manifold box 142, the plurality of branch pipes 143, and the second manifold box 144 between the first output pipe 141 and the second output pipe 145, the stability of the output of the large flow rate gas can be further improved.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, and must be determined by the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of operating a respiratory air decompression system for emergency shelter adapted for use in a shelter, wherein a respiratory air decompression system (10) is used, said respiratory air decompression system (10) comprising: the device comprises a first-stage pressure reducing mechanism (11), a second-stage pressure reducing mechanism (13) and an output mechanism (14), wherein the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism (11) is connected with a high-pressure air bottle set (12), compressed air is stored in the high-pressure air bottle set (12), the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism (13) is communicated with the first-stage pressure reducing mechanism (11), and the output mechanism (14) is communicated with the second-stage pressure reducing mechanism (13);
the working method comprises the following steps:
step S1, the air pressure of the compressed air in the high-pressure air bottle group (12) is P0, and the air pressure of the compressed air is reduced to P1 after the compressed air passes through the primary pressure reducing mechanism (11);
step S2, after the air output from the primary pressure reducing mechanism (11) passes through the secondary pressure reducing mechanism (13), the air pressure is reduced to P2;
and step S3, releasing the air output from the two-stage decompression mechanism (13) into the environment through an output mechanism (14) for breathing of a person.
2. A method of operating a respiratory air decompression system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 1, wherein said respiratory air decompression system (10) further comprises: and the cold dissipation mechanism (15), one end of the cold dissipation mechanism (15) is connected with the first-stage pressure reduction mechanism (11), and the other end of the cold dissipation mechanism (15) is connected with the second-stage pressure reduction mechanism (13).
3. A method of operating a breathing air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said primary pressure reduction means (11) comprises: the high-pressure air cylinder group comprises a first air inlet pipeline (111), a second air inlet pipeline (112) and a primary pressure reducing valve (113), wherein one end of the first air inlet pipeline (111) is connected with the high-pressure air cylinder group (12), and the other end of the first air inlet pipeline (111) is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve (113); one end of the second air inlet pipeline (112) is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group (12), the other end of the second air inlet pipeline (112) is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve (113), and the primary pressure reducing valve (113) is connected with the cold dissipating mechanism (15).
4. A method of operating a breathing air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 3, wherein said primary pressure reduction mechanism (11) further comprises: one end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline (114) is connected with the high-pressure air bottle group (12), and the other end of the manual emergency air inlet pipeline (114) is connected with the primary pressure reducing valve (113).
5. A method of operating a breathing air pressure reduction system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said secondary pressure reduction means (13) comprises: the cold-discharging device comprises a secondary pressure reducing valve (131) and a secondary output pipeline (132), wherein one end of the secondary pressure reducing valve (131) is connected with the cold-discharging mechanism (15), the other end of the secondary pressure reducing valve (131) is connected with the secondary output pipeline (132), and the secondary output pipeline (132) is connected with the output mechanism (14).
6. A method of operating a breathing air decompression system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 5, wherein said output means (14) comprises: the pipeline joint comprises a first output pipeline (141), a first confluence box (142), a plurality of branch pipelines (143), a second confluence box (144) and a second output pipeline (145), wherein one end of the first output pipeline (141) is connected with the second-level output pipeline (132), the other end of the first output pipeline (141) is connected with the first confluence box (142), one ends of the branch pipelines (143) are all installed on the first confluence box (142), the other ends of the branch pipelines (143) are all installed on the second confluence box (144), and one branch pipeline (143) is connected with the second output pipeline (145).
7. A method of operating a respiratory air decompression system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 6 wherein the number of branch conduits (143) is three, the first junction box (142) comprises a first compartment (1421) and a second compartment (1422), there is no communication between the first compartment (1421) and the second compartment (1422), and the second junction box (144) comprises a third compartment (1441); the other end of the first output pipeline (141) and one end of the first branch pipeline (143) are communicated with the first separation cavity (1421), the other end of the first branch pipeline (143) and the other end of the second branch pipeline (143) are communicated with the third separation cavity (1441), one end of the second branch pipeline (143) and one end of the third branch pipeline (143) are communicated with the second separation cavity (1422), and the other end of the third branch pipeline (143) is connected with the second output pipeline (145).
8. The method of claim 6, wherein said branch conduit (143) is externally wrapped with sound absorbing cotton (1431).
9. The method of claim 2, wherein said dissipation mechanism (15) comprises a first dissipation pipe (151) and a second dissipation pipe (152), each of said first dissipation pipe (151) and said second dissipation pipe (152) has a plurality of dissipation fins (153), one end of said first dissipation pipe (151) is connected to said primary pressure reduction mechanism (11), the other end of said first dissipation pipe (151) is connected to the other end of said second dissipation pipe (152), and one end of said second dissipation pipe (152) is connected to said secondary pressure reduction mechanism (13).
10. A method of operating a respiratory air decompression system for emergency shelter as claimed in claim 2, wherein said respiratory air decompression system (10) further comprises: and the safety valve (16), wherein the safety valve (16) is connected with the cold dissipation mechanism (15).
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| CN202210513786.1A CN114849095A (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Working method of breathing air pressure reduction system suitable for emergency shelter of shelter |
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| CN202210513786.1A CN114849095A (en) | 2022-05-12 | 2022-05-12 | Working method of breathing air pressure reduction system suitable for emergency shelter of shelter |
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