CN114840999B - Method for constructing large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering vacuole evolution model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for constructing a large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering cavity evolution model, wherein a cavitator is arranged at the head part of the large slenderness ratio revolving body, and a steady cavity model of the large slenderness ratio revolving body is established; selecting different revolving body water inlet parameters as initial conditions to carry out numerical simulation to obtain cavitation evolution processes with different cavitation numbers, obtaining cavitation length and maximum cavitation diameter by measuring simulation results, and fitting the cavitation length, diameter and cavitation number to obtain the relation between the cavitation form and the cavitation number; and for the unsteady process of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water at high speed, correcting the unsteady cavitation model by utilizing the relation between the cavitation bubble form and the cavitation number obtained by fitting to obtain the unsteady cavitation evolution model. The invention can accurately simulate the unsteady process of the high-speed water entering of the revolving body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underwater navigation bodies, in particular to a method for constructing a large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering cavity evolution model.
Background
The projectile body water entering process can be regarded as a high-speed water entering process of a revolving body with a large slenderness ratio, in the process, the high-speed relative motion of the projectile body and water can reduce the pressure between the projectile body and the water to generate a low-pressure area, when the pressure is smaller than the saturated vapor pressure in the current state, the water can be vaporized to form a cavity, the revolving body is wrapped, the revolving body is separated from the water, the resistance of the revolving body is reduced, and therefore the purpose of improving the underwater navigation speed is achieved. In order to research the high-speed water entering rule of the large slenderness ratio revolving body and model the water entering trajectory, the evolution of the water entering vacuole needs to be researched.
For the unsteady process of the high-speed water entry of the revolving body with the large slenderness ratio, namely the unsteady process of the high-speed water entry of the moving body with cavitation bubbles, the prediction effect of the existing cavitation bubble model suitable for the steady condition is poor, and the unsteady process of the high-speed water entry of the revolving body cannot be accurately simulated.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a method for constructing a cavitation evolution model of a large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water, which can accurately predict the cavitation form in an unsteady process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the method corrects the air bubble shape prediction model by using a numerical simulation technology, and verifies the effectiveness of the model.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a method for constructing a large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering cavity evolution model, wherein a cavitator is arranged at the head part of the large slenderness ratio revolving body, and the method comprises the following steps:
establishing a steady cavitation model of a large slenderness ratio revolving body;
selecting different revolving body water entry parameters as cavitation initial conditions to carry out numerical simulation to obtain cavitation evolution processes with different cavitation numbers, obtaining cavitation length and maximum cavitation diameter by measuring simulation results, and fitting the cavitation length, diameter and cavitation number to obtain the relation between cavitation form and cavitation number:
wherein R is n Is the radius of the cavitator, sigma is the cavitation number,
p 0 indicating the ambient pressure outside the vacuole, p c Which represents a saturated vapor pressure, typically 3540Pa,
is dynamic pressure, ρ is density of water, v is revolving body velocity, R k Is the maximum radius of the vacuole, L k Is the cavitation length;
and for the unsteady process of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water at high speed, correcting the steady cavitation model by utilizing the relation between the cavitation bubble form obtained by fitting and the cavitation number to obtain the unsteady cavitation evolution model.
Preferably, the expression of the steady cavitation model is as follows:
wherein x is the distance from the section of the cavitation bubble to the head cavitator, R c (x) Is the radius of the section of the cavitation at x, R n Radius of the cavitator, x 1 Indicates the position of the uniform cross section, x 1 ＝2R n ，R 1 ＝1.92R n 。
Preferably, the initial conditions include the water inlet speed and the water inlet angle of the revolving body.
Through the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the vacuole form in the unsteady process of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water at high speed, and the model fitting result and the numerical simulation result have high goodness of fit, thereby verifying the effectiveness of the model.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts;
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for constructing a large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering cavity evolution model provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model of a large slenderness ratio vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of numerical simulation of a cavitation evolution model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first diagram comparing the result of numerical simulation of the cavitation evolution model and the result of model fitting provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a second comparison graph of the result of numerical simulation of the cavitation evolution model and the result of model fitting provided by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a third diagram comparing a result of numerical simulation of the cavitation evolution model and a result of model fitting provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for constructing an evolution model of large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering vacuoles, wherein a cavitator is arranged at the head part of the large slenderness ratio revolving body, and firstly, the evolution law of the revolving body water-entering vacuole form is explained:
the method comprises the following steps: deducing the principle of independent expansion
The independent expansion principle is an important theory of supercavity flow, and can reflect the essence and main characteristics of supercavity flow. When the revolving body enters water at a high speed to generate supercavity flow, the shape of the vacuole can be obtained by solving according to the condition that the internal pressure value of the vacuole is constant. The cavitation bubbles are formed on the cavitator and gradually develop along with the movement of the cavitator, and the independent expansion principle is that the cavitation bubbles are decomposed into a plurality of sections, the area of each section is irrelevant to the movement process of the cavitator and only relevant to the pressure difference between the cavitation bubbles and the environment and the movement property of the cavitator in the current state.
According to the energy conservation principle, the work of the revolving body on the fluid is converted into the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the fluid in the state, and therefore, a cavitation bubble section expansion equation is deduced:
in the formula: s represents the sectional area of the cavity at a certain moment; Δ p represents the difference between the bubble at infinity and the internal pressure at that time;
C x a is a semiempirical constant related to the length of cavitation bubbles and the cavitation number, and is usually between 1.5 and 2; ρ is the density of the void boundary fluid. The cavitation section expansion speed can be obtained by integrating the above formula
Expression (c):
wherein:
v (0) is the speed of movement of the rotor at time 0, R n Is the tail radius of the revolving body. Expansion speed of section of hollow bubble
And then integrating to obtain an expression of the sectional area S of the vacuole at a certain moment:
in the formula: s 0 Area of cavitator, S 0 ＝πR 0 2 ，R 0 Is the radius of the cavitator. The area of each section at the same time is drawn along the axis of the revolving bodyThe complete vacuole morphology at a time is obtained.
Step two: establishing a steady cavitation model
According to the independent expansion principle, a Soviet Union scientist gives an approximate solution and provides a Logvinovich vacuole model under a constant condition, and the expression of a vacuole form described by the vacuole model is as follows:
wherein: x is the distance from the section of the cavity to the head cavitator, R c (x) Is the radius of the section of the vacuole at x, R n Radius of the cavitator, x 1 Denotes the position of the uniform cross section, x =2R n ，R k Is the maximum radius of the cavitation, L k Is the cavitation length.
For the unsteady process of high-speed water entering of the large slenderness ratio revolving body, the prediction effect of the cavitation model is poor, and therefore the numerical simulation technology is utilized to fit the cavitation form to correct the cavitation model. The following explains the cavitation model correction procedure proposed in the embodiment of the present invention:
the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a rotator model with a large slenderness ratio is established, wherein the slenderness ratio of the rotator is
The profile is shown in figure 2.
Selecting different water entry speeds and water entry angles of the revolving body as initial conditions, and performing numerical simulation by using CFD software to obtain cavitation evolution processes with different cavitation numbers, wherein the flow of the numerical simulation is shown in figure 3, firstly, performing mesh division on a geometrical model of the revolving body by using preprocessing software based on an overlapping mesh technology; then, a solver is set for CFD software, the CFD software comprises a basic control equation, a cavitation model and a turbulence model, and a VOF multi-phase flow model is introduced into the basic control equation; and solving and calculating recorded data, and representing the cavitation evolution process with different cavitation numbers in the form of a simulation picture after post-processing data analysis.
The proportion of cavitation bubbles to the length and the diameter of the revolving body in the simulation picture is calculated by utilizing the length and the diameter of the existing revolving body model to obtain the cavitation bubble length and the maximum cavitation bubble diameter, and the existing software fitting kit is utilized to fit the cavitation bubble length diameter and the cavitation number to obtain the relation between the cavitation bubble form and the cavitation number:
wherein R is n Is the radius of the cavitator, sigma is the cavitation number,
p 0 indicating the ambient pressure outside the vacuole, p c Which represents a saturated vapor pressure, typically 3540Pa,
is dynamic pressure, ρ is density of water, v is revolving body speed, R k Is the maximum radius of the cavitation, L k Is the cavitation length;
and for the unsteady process of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water at high speed, correcting the unsteady cavitation model by utilizing the relation between the cavitation bubble form and the cavitation number obtained by fitting to obtain the unsteady cavitation evolution model.
The simulation result is verified for the unsteady cavitation evolution model as follows:
in order to verify the applicability and the accuracy of the fitting model, the conditions of the revolving body under cavitation numbers sigma =0.027, sigma =0.045 and sigma =0.051 are selected, wherein sigma =0.027 represents a characteristic state of the revolving body under the condition of supercavitation, sigma =0.045 represents a characteristic state of the revolving body at the moment when cavitation bubbles are to be contracted to the tail, sigma =0.051 represents a characteristic state of the revolving body when the cavitation bubbles collapse to the column section of the revolving body, and the three characteristic states can describe the whole water entering process of the revolving body. The results of the numerical simulation were compared with the model fitting results, which are shown in fig. 4-6:
fig. 4a is a vacuole morphological model fitting case for σ =0.027, and fig. 4b is a numerical simulation result for σ = 0.027; fig. 5a is a fitting condition of the vacuole morphological model under the condition of σ =0.045, and fig. 5b is a result of numerical simulation under the condition of σ = 0.045; fig. 6a shows the fitting of the vacuolar morphology model for σ =0.051, and fig. 6b shows the results of numerical simulation for σ = 0.051.
The black line in fig. 4b-6b is a predicted form of cavitation, and the red line is a model form of a large aspect ratio rotor, i.e., a navigation body.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that the length of the model cavitation bubble is predicted to be 3.97m and the maximum radius of the cavitation bubble is 0.0913m by fitting under the condition that the cavitation number σ =0.027, and the degree of coincidence is large by comparing with the numerical simulation.
From fig. 5, it can be obtained that the cavitation length of the fitted prediction model is 2.65m and the maximum radius of the cavitation is 0.0827m under the condition that the cavitation number σ =0.045, which is basically consistent with the actual condition.
From fig. 6, it can be seen that when the σ =0.051 condition is met, the cavitation bubbles are collapsed under the revolving body model, the position of the closed cavitation bubbles on the surface of the revolving body is 1.77m away from the head, the maximum cavitation radius is 0.0801m, the prediction of the cavitation bubble model on the wet part of the revolving body can be found to be accurate after comparison with a numerical simulation diagram, and the accuracy of the fitting cavitation bubble prediction model is verified through result analysis of the three conditions.
The method for constructing the evolution model of the large slenderness ratio revolving body cavity in water is described in detail, a specific example is applied in the embodiment to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined in this embodiment may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for constructing a large slenderness ratio revolving body water-entering cavity evolution model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
establishing a steady cavitation model of a large slenderness ratio revolving body;
selecting different revolving body water entry parameters as initial conditions to carry out numerical simulation to obtain cavitation evolution processes with different cavitation numbers, obtaining cavitation length and maximum cavitation diameter by measuring simulation results, and fitting the cavitation length, diameter and cavitation number to obtain the relation between the cavitation form and the cavitation number:
wherein R is n Is the radius of the cavitator, sigma is the cavitation number,
p 0 indicating the ambient pressure outside the vacuole, p c Represents a saturated vapor pressure of 3540Pa,
is dynamic pressure, ρ is density of water, v is revolving body speed, R k Is the maximum radius of the cavitation, L k Is the cavitation length;
and for the unsteady process of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water at high speed, correcting the steady cavitation model by utilizing the relation between the cavitation bubble form obtained by fitting and the cavitation number to obtain the unsteady cavitation evolution model.
2. The method for constructing the cavitation evolution model of the large slenderness ratio revolving body entering water according to claim 1, wherein the expression of the steady cavitation model is as follows:
wherein x is the distance from the section of the cavitation bubble to the head cavitator, R c (x) Is the radius of the section of the cavitation at x, R n Radius of the cavitator, x 1 Indicates the position of the uniform cross section, x 1 ＝2R n ，R 1 ＝1.92R n 。
3. The method for constructing the evolution model of the cavitation bubbles of the large slenderness ratio revolving body in the water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the initial conditions comprise the revolving body in-water speed and the in-water angle.
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