CN114835990A - 一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114835990A CN114835990A CN202210553702.7A CN202210553702A CN114835990A CN 114835990 A CN114835990 A CN 114835990A CN 202210553702 A CN202210553702 A CN 202210553702A CN 114835990 A CN114835990 A CN 114835990A
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- polyvinyl alcohol
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- silicon dioxide
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用,包括,PVA、改性纳米二氧化硅、抗菌剂和去离子水;其中,以各原料的质量份数计,所述PVA为9~12份,所述改性纳米二氧化硅为2~5份,所述抗菌剂为0.3~2份,所述去离子水为100份。针对光敏感果蔬保鲜贮藏时对光照的要求较低,以聚乙烯醇为基体,二氧化硅为改性材料,对二氧化硅进行粒径控制和表面改性后复合聚乙烯醇,充分利用两者的折射率差异和二氧化硅的尺寸控制制备低透光性的复合膜,这种膜对适宜避光贮藏的果蔬具有一定避光作用,并且二氧化硅的加入能改善薄膜的气体透过性和耐水性能,利于果蔬保鲜包装。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保鲜膜制备领域,具体涉及到一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
热带水果,如香蕉、芒果、龙眼、荔枝等不适宜冷藏,需要放在阴凉、避光的地方贮藏,否则容易出现果皮变黑、色斑的现象。光照对果蔬的不利作用:1、导致产品维生素流失,尤其是维生素B2、β-胡萝卜素和维生素C等光敏剂;2、分解蛋白质产生游离氨基酸,同时会使游离氨基酸进一步降解,增加过氧化值,如甲硫醛、甲基酮等挥发性化合物;3、使得色素类物质发生氧化导致褐变;4、减少产品香气成分含量、油脂氧化酸败,使得口味变淡、营养和感官品质下降。
包装材料反射和散射光线的能力可以起到保护产品的作用。一方面,填充物与基体的折射率越接近,它们对光的透过性越优异;当填充物的尺寸大于光的波长,光更易于发生折射和散射,降低光的透过性,反之越有利于光的透过。另一方面,密集的薄膜结构可以阻挡部分光线的透过,也有利于降低光的透过性。
一般地,会采用不透光的容器或薄膜来达到避光保存的效果,但这种保存方法不能观察到包装内食物的变化,不利于对食物品质进行判断。
CN 11393693 A公开了一种纳米二氧化硅/聚乙烯醇/甲壳液化产物保鲜膜材料,以二氧化硅为功能性填料,甲壳液化产物为增强项,共混提高保鲜膜的热稳定性、柔韧保鲜性和生物降解性。CN 110016155 A公开了一种氟化聚乙烯醇-二氧化硅单面疏水薄膜的制备方法,引入低表面能氟原子提高了薄膜疏水性。
目前,尽管二氧化硅粒径控制的研究已经较为成熟,但二氧化硅与聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的研究多集中于制备方法和表面改性。
发明内容
本部分的目的在于概述本发明的实施例的一些方面以及简要介绍一些较佳实施例。在本部分以及本申请的说明书摘要和发明名称中可能会做些简化或省略以避免使本部分、说明书摘要和发明名称的目的模糊,而这种简化或省略不能用于限制本发明的范围。
鉴于上述和/或现有技术中存在的问题,提出了本发明。
因此,本发明的目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,包括,
PVA、改性纳米二氧化硅、抗菌剂和去离子水;
其中,以各原料的质量份数计,所述PVA为9~12份,所述改性纳米二氧化硅为2~5份,所述抗菌剂为0.3~2份,所述去离子水为100份。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述PVA型号为1799、217、117中的任意一种或几种。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述改性纳米二氧化硅的粒径范围为200~1000nm。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述改性纳米二氧化硅的粒径范围为800~1000nm。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述改性纳米二氧化硅,其制备方法,包括,
将纳米二氧化硅分散于甲苯溶液中,加入2-氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中,回流冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥即得所述改性纳米二氧化硅。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述将纳米二氧化硅分散于甲苯溶液,其中,质量体积比以g:mL计,纳米二氧化硅:甲苯溶液为1:50。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的一种优选方案,其中:所述回流冷却,其中,回流温度为90℃,回流时间为3h。
本发明的再一个目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了如下技术方案:一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,包括,
混合不同醇解度的聚乙烯醇,加入去离子水,将溶液pH调至酸性,90~95℃下溶解2~3h后制得混合溶液;
向混合溶液中加入改性纳米二氧化硅,混合后,加入抗菌剂,继续搅拌1~2h,静置过夜,脱泡后刮膜,即得所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜。
作为本发明所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法的一种优选方案,其中:以各原料的质量份数计,所述PVA为9~12份,所述改性纳米二氧化硅为2~5份,所述抗菌剂为0.3~2份,所述去离子水为100份。
本发明的另一个目的是,克服现有技术中的不足,提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜在热带水果保鲜中的应用。
本发明有益效果:
本发明提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜及其制备方法,针对光敏感果蔬保鲜贮藏时对光照的要求较低,以聚乙烯醇为基体,二氧化硅为改性材料,对二氧化硅进行粒径控制和表面改性后复合聚乙烯醇,充分利用两者的折射率差异和二氧化硅的尺寸控制制备低的复合膜,这种膜对适宜避光贮藏的果蔬具有一定避光作用,并且二氧化硅的加入能改善薄膜的气体透过性和耐水性能,利于果蔬保鲜包装。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。其中:
图1为本发明实施例中保鲜对比图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更加明显易懂,下面结合说明书实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做详细的说明。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明,但是本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其它方式来实施,本领域技术人员可以在不违背本发明内涵的情况下做类似推广,因此本发明不受下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
其次,此处所称的“一个实施例”或“实施例”是指可包含于本发明至少一个实现方式中的特定特征、结构或特性。在本说明书中不同地方出现的“在一个实施例中”并非均指同一个实施例,也不是单独的或选择性的与其他实施例互相排斥的实施例。
1、材料配比:PVA(9~12份),纳米二氧化硅(2~5份),抗菌剂(0.3~2份),去离子水(100份)。
2、所述PVA型号为1799、217、117中的任意两种混合;所述纳米氧化硅的粒径范围为200~1000nm;所述抗菌剂为二氧化钛、氧化锌、纳米银、壳聚糖、香草醛、植物精油中的一种。
3、材料制备步骤:
(1)改性二氧化硅制备步骤:将不同粒径的二氧化硅分散于甲苯溶液中,加入2-氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(CTES),100℃反应24h,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中,90℃回流3h。
(2)PVA复合保鲜膜制备步骤:混合不同醇解度的聚乙烯醇(PVA),将溶液pH调至酸性,90℃下溶解2h,加入改性后的二氧化硅,混合后加入抗菌剂继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜。
4、薄膜测试方法:氧气透过量、二氧化碳透过量参考GB/T 1038-2000塑料薄膜和薄片气体透过性试验方法-压差法;透光率/雾度参考GB/T 2410-2008透明塑料透光率和雾度的测定;保鲜测试选取无损害、硬度和色泽一致、大小均一的同一批芒果,用制备的复合膜和纯膜密封包装后,以芒果硬度和黑斑生长情况为变质判断标准。
本发明中的2-氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷CTES购买于梯希爱(上海)化成工业发展有限公司(分析纯,纯度>98%);其他原料,均为普通市售产品。
实施例1:
本实施例提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)取1g粒径为1000nm的SiO2分散于50mL无水甲苯中,加入1.8mL CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中(稀硫酸浓度为49%),90℃回流3h后冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥得改性二氧化硅。
(2)另取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,利用1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH=3,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,加入3g的(1)中制得的改性SiO2,混合均匀后,加入1g纳米TiO2(纳米TiO2的粒径为60nm),继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,即得所述保鲜膜,厚度为0.02mm。
(3)测定该保鲜膜的氧气透过量为1.14×10-5cm3·m/m2·d·Pa,二氧化碳透过量为2.06×10-4cm3·m/m2·d·Pa,透光率为85.38%,雾度为9.02%,该薄膜包装保鲜芒果时,可以一定程度减少对光的吸收,而且可以观察到芒果果皮是否出现黑斑,如图1所示,芒果在常温下第8天才出现斑点,而无包装的芒果第2天即出现明显黑斑。
实施例2:
本实施例提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)取1g粒径为200nm的SiO2分散于50mL无水甲苯中,加入1.8mL CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中(v:v=1:1,稀硫酸浓度为49%),90℃回流3h后冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥得改性二氧化硅。
(2)另取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,利用1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH=3,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,加入3g的(1)中制得的改性SiO2,混合均匀后,加入1g纳米TiO2(纳米TiO2的粒径为60nm),继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,即得所述保鲜膜,厚度为0.02mm。
(3)测定该保鲜膜的性能见表1。
实施例3:
本实施例提供一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,主要步骤为:
(1)取1g粒径为500nm的SiO2分散于50mL无水甲苯中,加入1.8mL CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中(v:v=1:1,稀硫酸浓度为49%),90℃回流3h后冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥得改性二氧化硅。
(2)另取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,利用1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH=3,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,加入3g的(1)中制得的改性SiO2,混合均匀后,加入1g纳米TiO2(纳米TiO2的粒径为60nm),继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,即得所述保鲜膜,厚度为0.02mm。
(3)测定该保鲜膜的性能见表1。
对比例1:
PVA纯膜的制备方法:
取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,PVA纯膜厚度为0.02mm。
对比例2:(SiO2粒径为1200nm)
(1)取1g粒径为1200nm的SiO2分散于50mL无水甲苯中,加入1.8mL CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中(v:v=1:1,稀硫酸浓度为49%),90℃回流3h后冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥得改性二氧化硅。
(2)另取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,利用1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH=3,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,加入3g的(1)中制得的改性SiO2,混合均匀后,加入1g纳米TiO2(纳米TiO2的粒径为60nm),继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,即得所述保鲜膜,厚度为0.02mm。
(3)测定该保鲜膜的性能见表1。
对比例3:(纳米SiO2不改性)
取10gPVA(混合体积比为1799:217=1:1),加入100mL去离子水,利用1mol/L的盐酸溶液调节pH=3,升温至90℃搅拌溶解2h,加入3g的粒径为1200nm的纳米SiO2,混合均匀后,加入1g纳米TiO2(纳米TiO2的粒径为60nm),继续搅拌1h,静置过夜脱泡后刮膜,即得所述保鲜膜,厚度为0.02mm。
对比例4:
与实施例1相比,PVA与改性SiO2的质量比为10:1,其他工艺均同实施例1。
对比例5:
与实施例1相比,PVA与改性SiO2的质量比为10:5,其他工艺均同实施例1。
表1
从表1可以看出,通过实施例1和对比例1可以看出,当不添加纳米SiO2时,其雾度低,避光作用差;
通过实施例1和对比例2可以看出,SiO2粒径为1200nm时,虽然避光作用较好,但是较早出现斑点,相比实施例1较差;
通过实施例1和对比例3可以看出,纳米SiO2不改性时,避光作用相比实施例1差,可能二氧化硅进行了羧基改性,这样与PVA的结合更加牢固,改性效果更好,对二氧化硅进行羧基化,便于与PVA的羟基发生酯化交联,化学改性能够更好地结合二氧化硅,同时提高PVA的耐水性;
通过实施例1和对比例4可以看出,PVA与改性SiO2的质量比为10:1,SiO2的质量比较低时,避光作用相比实施例1差,可能由于添加SiO2后,当添加量过低时薄膜的致密性较差,当添加一定量后,纳米粒子填充了薄膜空隙使得薄膜更加致密,气体分子通过膜的路径变得曲折,从而出现透光率降低的现象;随着SiO2的质量比增加,由于二氧化硅与聚乙烯醇的折射率的差异,避光作用增加(实施例1),但是,SiO2填充量过多时也会出现团聚导致薄膜结晶度下降,透过率反而增加(对比例5)。
二氧化硅表面的硅醇基易于改性,可以复合聚乙烯醇改善其性能。鉴于无定型二氧化硅的折射率为1.46,聚乙烯醇的折射率为1.38,两者的折射率有一定差距,而且二氧化硅的尺寸可以进行调节,在大于光的波长时减弱光的透过,引入二氧化硅可以降低薄膜对光的透过性又不至于完全看不见包装内部的果蔬品质变化。
薄膜保鲜常常通过改变内部气体环境或赋予薄膜一定抗菌性延长食物保鲜期限,光照条件的影响容易被忽视,尤其是对光敏感的食物,发生光氧化会降低品质和保鲜期。通常的避光手段是套袋处理,这种方法不易观察到内部食物的明显变化,甚至会因为透光性极差而降低果实含糖量。
二氧化硅进行了羧基改性,这样与PVA的结合更加牢固,改性效果更好,对二氧化硅进行羧化,便于与PVA的羟基发生酯化交联,化学改性能够更好地结合二氧化硅,同时提高PVA的耐水性。
对于二氧化硅的尺寸,在大于光波长(200-400nm为紫外光范围,400-800nm为可见光范围)时可起到降低透光率的作用,但尺寸过大也会影响薄膜结构的致密性,不利于降低光的透过,因此选择了1000nm。
本发明从聚乙烯醇和二氧化硅的折射率存在差距以及光波长和填充物的尺寸影响出发,引入不同粒径的二氧化硅,一方面,薄膜粗糙度增加、折射率差距和大尺寸的二氧化硅都会使光发生折射和反射,降低透光率,同时又不严重影响观察包装内部颜色变化和黑斑生长情况;另一方面,薄膜的气体透过性和耐水性得到改善,利于保鲜贮藏。本发明只涉及对二氧化硅的尺寸选择,方法简单,复合后的薄膜综合性能得到提升,是光敏感果蔬保鲜的优良选择之一。
应说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (10)
1.一种低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:包括,
PVA、改性纳米二氧化硅、抗菌剂和去离子水;
其中,以各原料的质量份数计,所述PVA为9~12份,所述改性纳米二氧化硅为2~5份,所述抗菌剂为0.3~2份,所述去离子水为100份。
2.如权利要求1所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述PVA型号为1799、217、117中的任意一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1或2所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述改性纳米二氧化硅的粒径范围为200~1000nm。
4.如权利要求3所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述改性纳米二氧化硅的粒径范围为800~1000nm。
5.如权利要求1、2或4中任一所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述改性纳米二氧化硅,其制备方法,包括,
将纳米二氧化硅分散于甲苯溶液中,加入2-氰基丙基三乙氧基硅烷CTES,100℃反应24h,冷却后过滤、洗涤、干燥,所得固体加入到稀硫酸溶液中,回流冷却、过滤、洗涤、干燥即得所述改性纳米二氧化硅。
6.如权利要求5所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述将纳米二氧化硅分散于甲苯溶液,其中,质量体积比以g:mL计,纳米二氧化硅:甲苯溶液为1:50。
7.如权利要求5所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜,其特征在于:所述回流冷却,其中,回流温度为90℃,回流时间为3h。
8.权利要求1~7中任一所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:包括,
混合不同醇解度的聚乙烯醇,加入去离子水,将溶液pH调至酸性,90~95℃下溶解2~3h后制得混合溶液;
向混合溶液中加入改性纳米二氧化硅,混合后,加入抗菌剂,继续搅拌1~2h,静置过夜,脱泡后刮膜,即得所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜。
9.如权利要求8所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜的制备方法,其特征在于:以各原料的质量份数计,所述PVA为9~12份,所述改性纳米二氧化硅为2~5份,所述抗菌剂为0.3~2份,所述去离子水为100份。
10.权利要求1、2、4、6或7中任一所述低透光性的聚乙烯醇复合保鲜膜在热带水果保鲜中的应用。
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