CN114833329A - High-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device and method thereof - Google Patents

High-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device and method thereof Download PDF

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CN114833329A
CN114833329A CN202210545475.3A CN202210545475A CN114833329A CN 114833329 A CN114833329 A CN 114833329A CN 202210545475 A CN202210545475 A CN 202210545475A CN 114833329 A CN114833329 A CN 114833329A
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melting
entropy alloy
crucible
metal
mixed
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CN114833329B (en
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陈才
谭騛
姜雁斌
李周
徐国富
邱文婷
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Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute Co ltd
Central South University
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Hunan Rare Earth Metal Materials Research Institute Co ltd
Central South University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D35/00—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds
    • B22D35/04—Equipment for conveying molten metal into beds or moulds into moulds, e.g. base plates, runners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/02—Use of electric or magnetic effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D46/00—Controlling, supervising, not restricted to casting covered by a single main group, e.g. for safety reasons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/56—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.7% by weight of carbon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/04—Crucible or pot furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/14—Arrangements of heating devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device and a method thereof, wherein the high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device comprises the following steps: the central smelting furnace comprises a central crucible which is composed of two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned at the upper part and an alumina crucible positioned at the lower part in a pin-linked mode, wherein the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external pulse power supply through a top sealing cover to provide pulse current for the mixing of the metal melts. The different metals are used for smelting, so that the phenomena of solute agglomeration, regional component concentration difference and the like caused by different melting points when solute metal is added into solvent metal in the traditional casting process are solved, and the mechanical property of the material is improved.

Description

High-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device and a method thereof.
Background
At present, in the fields of aerospace, metallurgical chemical engineering, seawater hydraulic filling engineering and the like, the surface of a material is seriously damaged due to corrosion, abrasion or corrosive abrasion in the service process of a conveying pipeline material, so that equipment is failed, and the service life is shortened. The slurry conveyed by the pipeline belongs to a typical solid-liquid two-phase fluid, and because corrosive media and solid-phase particles exist in the slurry at the same time, the inner surface of the slurry pump is subjected to strong impact and cutting action of the slurry moving at high speed to break the passive film. When the solid-liquid two-phase fluid continues to be washed, the matrix exposed in the slurry is not in time to passivate, thereby accelerating the corrosion process. After the surface is corroded and abraded, the friction coefficient is increased, the cutting effect of the slurry on the surface is increased, and abrasion is promoted. Therefore, under the mutual superposition of the two states, the material loss is accelerated, and particularly, the material has strong corrosion action in the two-phase fluid transportation industry with corrosive media and hard particles under high temperature conditions, so that the service life of the material is greatly shortened.
The pipeline material commonly used in the industry of manufacturing and conveying solid-liquid two-phase fluid in China is mainly stainless steel, the material has high acid corrosion resistance, but has relatively low hardness, and the wear resistance of the material cannot meet the performance requirements of special service environments. The existing materials have the current situation that the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance can not be matched with the service environment, so that the service life of equipment is greatly reduced, and even serious accidents occur in the service process. Therefore, the research on novel materials with high temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance plays an important role in the industries.
The high-entropy alloy has more excellent mechanical properties, higher strength, good electric conductivity, heat conductivity and corrosion resistance due to the 'cocktail effect'. Since the high entropy alloy is heated to the temperature of the highest principal component melting point by placing the respective principal component metal blocks in a melting furnace, more energy needs to be supplied during the heating process. Meanwhile, in the solidification process, due to the fact that the concentration of the solute is high, the temperature gradient in the liquid phase at the front edge of the liquid-solid interface is large, and the tendency of supercooling of the components is serious. Under the condition of low diffusion rate of the high-entropy alloy and low diffusion coefficient of solute in a liquid phase, the supercooling tendency of the components of the high-entropy alloy is increased continuously, so that a large number of primary dendrites are generated in the solidification process of the high-entropy alloy, and the growth directions of the primary dendrite arms are parallel to the heat flow direction. If the compositionally supercooled region is sufficiently wide, the secondary dendrites will again split into tertiary dendrites at the front end during subsequent growth. And because the mixing is not uniform, the serious segregation phenomenon appears in the solidification process, and the plasticity and toughness of the alloy material are seriously influenced.
In order to solve the problems of uneven component distribution, serious segregation, high energy consumption and the like in the solidification process of the high-entropy alloy, at present, methods such as arc melting, jet deposition, powder metallurgy, stirring melting and the like are mostly adopted at home and abroad. The arc melting is a commonly used melting method at present, and generally needs to be repeatedly melted for 3-5 times, however, the method has high cooling speed, the surface of the cast ingot has obvious shrinkage phenomenon, so that the surface quality is reduced, and the cast ingot melted by the method is small, generally only can be subjected to preliminary structure performance detection, and cannot be applied to industrial production in a large scale. Spray deposition is to spray a melt into fine liquid drops through a gas sprayer, and the metal liquid drops are quickly solidified on a preformed target material after precooling to form a granular tissue. The powder metallurgy is to mix metal powder evenly and then to press the powder by hot isostatic pressing equipment to prepare alloy ingot blanks with even structure and excellent performance. Although the process method can partially solve the problem of segregation, the process method has the disadvantages of high equipment requirement, large investment, high processing cost, long process flow and complex operation, and is not beneficial to subsequent processing after molding.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the first object of the invention is to provide a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device;
the second purpose of the invention is to provide a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting method. The process method provided by the invention can avoid the phenomena of cracking tendency and difficult processing caused by casting defects such as coarsening of structure, segregation of components, inclusion and the like in the solidification forming process of the multi-principal-element alloy, and has the effects of energy conservation, carbon reduction and synergy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device, which comprises:
n zone melting furnaces for respectively melting metals with different components to obtain metal melts,
the central melting furnace is respectively connected with the liquid outlets of the N regional melting furnaces through N guide pipes, metal melts smelted in the N regional melting furnaces are mixed, and the N guide pipes are respectively provided with a flow speed control plate for controlling the flow speed of the metal melts flowing into the central melting furnace from the N regional melting furnaces;
the core smelting furnace comprises a core crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil and a water-cooled crystallizer positioned at the bottom of the core crucible;
the core crucible is composed of two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned at the upper part and an alumina crucible positioned at the lower part in a pin connection mode, wherein the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external pulse power supply through a top sealing cover to provide pulse current for the mixing of metal melts.
The invention provides a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device, which comprises N zone melting furnaces, wherein different metals can be respectively melted, and melts obtained after the melting is finished flow into a core crucible of the core melting furnace.
Preferably, the inner layer of the N zone smelting furnaces is a graphite crucible, the outer layer of the N zone smelting furnaces is an asbestos heat insulation layer covering the graphite crucible, the center of the N zone smelting furnaces contains a vortex heating coil for heating metal to be smelted, the top of the N zone smelting furnaces is a sealing plate with an argon protective gas guide pipe, and the bottom of the N zone smelting furnaces is a base with a liquid outlet.
The zone melting furnace with the structure forms a closed assembly so as to ensure that the metal solution is always in a protective atmosphere in the melting process.
In a preferable scheme, N is 5-8. In the practical application process, part or all of the zone melting furnace can be used as required
In the preferred scheme, the guide pipe is made of graphite and is externally coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer. To prevent heat loss.
In a preferable scheme, the outer layer of the crucible with the core part is coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer.
Preferably, the multi-stage hybrid casting device further comprises a PC control system. In the actual operation process, the PC control system is connected with other components, so that the automatic control of important parameters such as mixing flow rate, eddy heating temperature, heat preservation time, pulse current, frequency, voltage, pulse width and the like of the alloy material in the smelting process is realized.
The invention relates to a method for multi-section mixed casting of high-entropy alloy, which comprises the following steps: m kinds of metals are prepared according to a design proportion and are respectively placed in M zone melting cavity furnaces, wherein M is less than or equal to N; respectively smelting at different temperatures under the protective atmosphere, obtaining M kinds of metal melts after smelting, then enabling the M kinds of metal melts to flow into a central crucible of the central smelting furnace through a guide pipe, carrying out low-frequency electromagnetic stirring on mixed melts in the central crucible in the process of flowing in the metal melts, carrying out high-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melts after the flowing in of the metal melts is finished, simultaneously introducing pulse current into the mixed melts through two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned at the upper part of the central crucible, and starting a water-cooling crystallizer to cool and solidify the mixed melts to obtain the high-entropy alloy.
According to the process, a plurality of regional melting cavity furnaces are adopted to respectively melt different metals, so that the phenomena of solute agglomeration, regional component concentration difference and the like caused by different melting points when solute metal is added into solvent metal in the traditional casting process are solved, the initial mechanical property of the material is improved, the problem of poor plasticity and toughness caused by inclusion, coarsening of crystal grains and component segregation is reduced, the cracking tendency of the alloy is reduced, and the processing performance of the alloy is improved.
In a preferable scheme, the smelting temperature in any one smelting furnace is + 30-50 ℃ of the melting point of metal added into the smelting furnace.
The melting point of each alloy element is set, and compared with the prior art that the melting temperature is set only by considering the highest melting point when the metals are mixed and melted, the energy loss is saved to a certain extent.
Preferably, when the M kinds of metal melts flow into the central crucible of the central melting furnace through the draft tube, the flow rates of the M kinds of metal melts flowing into the central crucible of the central melting furnace are set from high to low in the order of the melting points of the M kinds of metal melts from high to low.
The flow velocity of the alloy flowing into the core crucible of the core smelting furnace is set from large to small according to the sequence of the melting points of all metals from large to small, so that elements with similar melting points are melted first, the conditions that the high-melting-point alloy element is crystallized when being mixed with the low-melting-point alloy element and the low-melting-point alloy element is volatilized are prevented, and the uniform gradient reduction of the temperature is realized.
In a preferable scheme, the magnetic field intensity during low-frequency electromagnetic stirring is 800-1500 Gs.
In a preferable scheme, the magnetic field intensity during high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is 2500-3500 Gs
In the present invention, by setting the frequency in the electromagnetic stirring process within the above range, the respective metals are finally mixed most sufficiently; if the magnetic field intensity is too low, the melt can be stirred immovably, and different fluids can not be mixed fully; if the magnetic field intensity is too high, the phenomenon of liquid splashing can occur.
Preferably, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled to be 200-600 Hz, and the current density is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
In a preferable scheme, the flow rate of cooling water used by the water-cooled crystallizer is 400-1200L/h.
In the invention, the prepared high-entropy alloy is not limited, and the high-entropy alloy in the prior art can be obtained by the preparation method.
In a preferred scheme, the high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in molar ratio: fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C, 2.3, 3.2, 1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3-0.7.
In a preferred embodiment, the microstructure of the high-entropy alloy is: FCC + (Cr, Fe) C intermetallic compounds.
The microstructure of the preferred high-entropy alloy component is controlled to be an FCC + (Cr, Fe) C intermetallic compound by regulating and controlling the component, and the content of the intermetallic compound is increased by improving the carbon content, the mechanical property of a matrix is improved, and the wear resistance of the material is greatly improved; the corrosion potential of the matrix is improved by adding the content of the Ni element, so that the corrosion potential difference is further reduced; the self-passivation capability of the material is enhanced by increasing the content of the Cr element, and the precipitation of intermetallic compounds is promoted. Molybdenum can be dissolved in a matrix in a solid state to play a strengthening role, and in some reducing and strong oxidizing media, a proper amount of molybdenum can improve the self-passivation process of the alloy, especially an insoluble molybdenum oxide film can be easily formed in some chloride ion-containing media, and the passivation film has high stability and compactness and can effectively prevent the occurrence of material corrosion reaction.
Further preferably, the high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in molar ratio: 2.3:3.2:1:0.2:0.25: 0.3-0.6.
Further preferably, the high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in molar ratio: fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C, 2.3, 3.2, 1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.4-0.5.
The invention relates to a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting process method, which comprises the following steps: preparing Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel blocks according to a designed proportion, respectively placing the Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel blocks in a 5-region melting cavity furnace, respectively melting under the protection of argon atmosphere, heating to the corresponding temperature of each metal, then preserving heat to obtain 5 metal melts, then enabling the Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel melts to flow into a core crucible of a core melting furnace through a flow guide pipe according to the flow rate ratio of 4.8-5.2: 2.8-3.2: 2.3-2.7: 4.8-5.2: 0.8-1.2, carrying out low-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melts in the core crucible in the process of flowing in the metal melts, carrying out high-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melts after the metal melts flow is finished, simultaneously introducing pulse current into the mixed melts through two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned on the upper part of the core crucible, and starting a water-cooling crystallizer to cool and solidify the mixed melts to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy.
In the preferred scheme, the purities of the Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel blocks are all more than or equal to 99.9%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention also provides an intelligent liquid-separating and mixing-casting device combined with the pulse current, which utilizes a PC control system to intelligently, digitally and automatically control important parameters such as mixing flow rate, eddy heating temperature, heat preservation time, pulse current, frequency, voltage, pulse width and the like of the alloy material in the smelting process at a high speed. On one hand, the Joule heating effect and the non-heating effect generated in the process of solidifying the metal solution by the pulse current can accelerate the formation of crystal nucleus, and simultaneously inhibit the growth of crystal grains to obtain uniform and fine isometric crystals, thereby solving the problem that the segregation occurs in the process of solidifying the high-entropy alloy. On the other hand, the method of mixed casting by utilizing multiple heat sources solves the problems of solute agglomeration, regional component concentration difference and the like caused by different melting points when solute metal is added into solvent metal in the traditional casting process, improves the initial mechanical property of the material, reduces the problem of poor plasticity and toughness caused by inclusion, coarsening of crystal grains and composition segregation, reduces the cracking tendency of the alloy, improves the processing property of the alloy, simultaneously adopts the regional smelting of multiple heat sources, greatly reduces the problem of high energy consumption on a single heat source, saves a large amount of cost and reduces carbon emission.
The CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy prepared by the intelligent liquid-separating mixed casting device is controlled to have a microstructure in an FCC + (Cr, Fe) C intermetallic compound by regulating and controlling components, so that the content of the intermetallic compound is increased by improving the carbon content, the mechanical property of a matrix is improved, and the wear resistance of the material is greatly improved; the corrosion potential of the matrix is improved by adding the content of the Ni element, so that the corrosion potential difference is further reduced; the self-passivation capability of the material is enhanced by increasing the content of Cr element, and the precipitation of intermetallic compounds is promoted. Molybdenum can be dissolved in a matrix in a solid state to play a strengthening role, and in some reducing and strong oxidizing media, a proper amount of molybdenum can improve the self-passivation process of the alloy, especially an insoluble molybdenum oxide film can be easily formed in some chloride ion-containing media, and the passivation film has high stability and compactness and can effectively prevent the occurrence of material corrosion reaction.
The CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy prepared by the device has good surface quality, uniform internal components, fine grains and no defects of shrinkage porosity, shrinkage cavity, inclusion, macro segregation and the like. And the smelting device has the characteristics of simple structural design, high production efficiency, low energy cost, high one-time yield, suitability for industrial scale production and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a schematic diagram of a high entropy alloy multi-stage hybrid casting apparatus.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a schematic diagram of a high entropy alloy multi-stage hybrid casting apparatus.
Wherein 1 is a PC control system, 3 is a smelting system, 2 is a flow rate control system, 4 is an electric pulse system, 6 is a water cooling system, and 7 is a frame; a 30-region smelting furnace, a 31-core smelting furnace, a 301 closing plate, a 302 graphite crucible, a 303 argon protective gas guide pipe, 304 asbestos heat insulation layers, 305 eddy heating coils, 306 bases, 307 flow rate control plates, 308 guide pipes, 311 alumina crucibles, 312 graphite crucibles and 313 asbestos heat insulation layers.
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure of the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is an EPMA composition distribution diagram of the CrFeNiMoCuC alloy prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from the diagram that the alloy prepared by the method has fine structure crystal grains, uniform size, uniform distribution of each component and small segregation degree.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-C-Mn alloy prepared in comparative example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the matrix phase in the traditional preparation method is relatively coarse, the size and the distribution are extremely uneven, and the segregation is serious.
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure of an Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-C-Mn alloy prepared in comparative example 2.
As can be seen from the figure, the alloys prepared at the same flow rate ratio were very non-uniformly dispersed and agglomerated severely during mixing.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a high-entropy alloy multi-section mixed casting device as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, which consists of a PC control system (1), a smelting system (3), a flow rate control system (2), an electric pulse system (4), a water cooling system (6) and a rack (7);
wherein the smelting system (3) comprises N zone smelting furnaces (30) for respectively smelting different metals to obtain metal melts,
the central melting furnace (31), the bottom of the melting chamber is equipped with the filling hole and connects with the outlet of N regional melting furnaces through N honeycomb ducts (308) respectively, mix the metal melt after N regional melting furnaces are smelted, there are flow rate control panels (307) with scale in N honeycomb ducts (308), the flow rate used for controlling the metal melt flows into the central melting furnace from N regional melting furnaces;
the core smelting furnace comprises a core crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil and a water-cooled crystallizer positioned at the bottom of the core crucible; accelerating the rapid solidification of the metal solution in the core melting cavity.
The central crucible is composed of two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles (312) positioned at the upper part and an alumina crucible (311) positioned at the lower part in a pin link mode, wherein the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a pulse power supply of an external electric pulse system (4) through a top sealing cover, and pulse current is provided for mixing metal melts.
The inner layer of N regional smelting furnaces is graphite crucible (302), the outer layer is asbestos insulating layer (304) of cladding graphite crucible, and the center contains eddy current heating coil (305) for heat the metal that needs to be smelted, and the top is shrouding (301) that has argon gas protective gas honeycomb duct (303), in order to guarantee that metal solution is in protective atmosphere always in the smelting process, and the bottom is base (306) that contains the liquid outlet, and the liquid outlet passes through N honeycomb ducts and links to each other with the core smelting furnace.
The zone melting furnace with the structure forms a closed assembly so as to ensure that the metal solution is always in a protective atmosphere in the melting process.
And N is 5-8.
The honeycomb duct is made of graphite and is externally coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer to prevent heat loss.
The outer layer of the crucible with the core part is coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer (313).
The flow velocity control system comprises rollers, support rods and a flow velocity control plate, and the flow velocity of the metal melt flowing into the core part smelting furnace from the N area smelting furnaces is controlled by the flow velocity control plate.
The PC control system is connected with other components to realize the automatic control of important parameters of the alloy material such as mixing flow velocity, eddy heating temperature, heat preservation time, pulse current, frequency, voltage, pulse width and the like in the smelting process.
The water cooling system is used for providing cooling water for the device.
The frame is used for fixing the device.
The device is applied, and the following method for multi-section mixed casting of the high-entropy alloy is adopted, so that the high-entropy alloy is obtained according to the following embodiments:
example 1
The high-entropy CrFeNiMoCuC alloy material with high temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment is prepared by smelting the following components in molar ratio: the weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C and C are respectively as follows: 30% of chromium, 45% of iron, 15% of nickel, 3.4% of molybdenum, 5% of copper and 1.6% of carbon, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: before heating, the melting cavities of the regions are covered, the flow rate control plate in the base is pulled out, and then argon protective gas is introduced. The gas flow is 17L/min, after about 3-5 min, closing the flow rate control plate and opening the sealing covers of the regions, placing Cr blocks in a region melting cavity A, placing Fe and carbon steel blocks in a region melting cavity B, placing electrolytic nickel in a region melting cavity C, placing molybdenum blocks in a region melting cavity D, placing electrolytic copper in a region melting cavity E, and closing the sealing covers to continuously introduce argon protective gas to exhaust air in the melting cavity.
(2) Smelting: setting the heating temperature of the melting cavity A to be 1920 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature to be 1900 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity B is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1600 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity C is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1500 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity D is 1950 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1920 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity E is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1130 ℃. And connecting the induction coils outside the melting cavities of the areas, and measuring the temperature of the five furnace chambers respectively by using thermocouple sensors.
(3) Drainage and mixing: after the metal in each area melting cavity is heated to the corresponding temperature and completely melted into liquid, pulling out the flow rate control plate of the base of the area melting cavity according to the flow rate ratio of 5:3:2.5:5:1, enabling the metal liquid in the area melting cavity to flow into the core melting cavity according to the set flow rate ratio, and sequentially closing the flow rate control plate of the base according to the alloy composition ratio. When molten metal flows into the core melting cavity, an electromagnetic induction coil on the middle layer of the core melting cavity is connected, low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is firstly carried out, and the magnetic field intensity is set to be 1000 Gs. After the molten metal completely flows into the core melting cavity, the induction heating power supply at the periphery of the area melting cavity is closed, and the high-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is carried out on the core melting cavity, so that the molten metal is uniformly mixed with each phase fluid through electromagnetic stirring in the mixing process, and the set magnetic field intensity is 3000 Gs.
(4) Electric pulse treatment: when the metal mixed liquid is in the core melting chamber, the high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is carried out and simultaneously the pulse power supply is switched on, the pulse current is introduced into the metal mixed liquid through the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled at 400Hz, and the current density is controlled at 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
(5) Water cooling treatment: and (3) switching on a pulse current and simultaneously starting a bottom water-cooled crystallizer to solidify the core metal solution to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material, wherein the cooling water flow of the water-cooled crystallizer is set to be 800L/h.
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic structure of the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy prepared in example 1.
Fig. 4 is an EPMA composition distribution diagram of the CrFeNiMoCuC alloy prepared in example 1, and it can be seen from fig. 3 and 4 that the alloy prepared by the method has fine structure grains, uniform size, uniform distribution of each component and small segregation degree.
1) Hardness index: 43HRC
2) And corrosion resistance:
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 25 ℃: the corrosion rate is 0.301 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 85 ℃: the corrosion rate is 1.439 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid, 13g/L hydrochloric acid and No. 40-70 quartz sand, 25 ℃, and the slurry scouring speed is 1 m/s: the corrosion rate is 2.25 mm/y;
example 2:
the high-entropy CrFeNiMoCuC alloy material with high temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment is prepared by smelting the following components in molar ratio: the weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C and C are respectively as follows: 30% of chromium, 45% of iron, 18% of nickel, 2.9% of molybdenum, 2.8% of copper and 1.3% of carbon, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: before heating, the melting cavities of the regions are covered, the flow rate control plate in the base is pulled out, and then argon protective gas is introduced. The gas flow is 17L/min, after about 3-5 min, closing the flow rate control plate and opening the sealing covers of the regions, placing Cr blocks in a region melting cavity A, placing Fe and carbon steel blocks in a region melting cavity B, placing electrolytic nickel in a region melting cavity C, placing molybdenum blocks in a region melting cavity D, placing electrolytic copper in a region melting cavity E, and closing the sealing covers to continuously introduce argon protective gas to exhaust air in the melting cavity. 1880 deg.C, 1550 deg.C, 1460 deg.C, 2630 deg.C, 1100 deg.C
(2) Smelting: setting the heating temperature of the melting cavity A to be 1920 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature to be 1900 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity B is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1600 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity C is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1500 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity D is 1950 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1920 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity E is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1130 ℃. And connecting the induction coils outside the melting cavities of the areas, and measuring the temperature of the five furnace chambers respectively by using thermocouple sensors.
(3) Drainage and mixing: after the metal in each area melting cavity is heated to the corresponding temperature and completely melted into liquid, pulling out the flow rate control plate of the base of the area melting cavity according to the flow rate ratio of 5:3:2.5:5:1, enabling the metal liquid in the area melting cavity to flow into the core melting cavity according to the set flow rate ratio, and sequentially closing the flow rate control plate of the base according to the alloy composition ratio. When the molten metal flows into the core melting cavity, the electromagnetic induction coil on the middle layer of the core melting cavity is connected, low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is firstly carried out, after the molten metal completely flows into the core melting cavity, the induction heating power supply on the periphery of the area melting cavity is closed, high-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is carried out on the core melting cavity, and the molten metal is enabled to be uniformly mixed through electromagnetic stirring in the mixing process. The magnetic field intensity is set to 3000 Gs.
(4) Electric pulse treatment: when the metal mixed liquid is in the core melting chamber, the high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is carried out and simultaneously the pulse power supply is switched on, the pulse current is introduced into the metal mixed liquid through the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled at 400Hz, and the current density is controlled at 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
(5) Water cooling treatment: and (3) switching on the pulse current and simultaneously starting a bottom water-cooled crystallizer to solidify the core metal solution to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material. The cooling water flow of the water-cooled crystallizer is set to be 800L/h.
1) Hardness index: 36HRC
2) And corrosion resistance:
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 25 ℃: the corrosion rate is 0.288 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 85 ℃: the corrosion rate is 1.136 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid, 13g/L hydrochloric acid and No. 40-70 quartz sand, 25 ℃, and the slurry scouring speed is 1 m/s: the corrosion rate is 2.74 mm/y;
example 3:
the high-entropy CrFeNiMoCuC alloy material with high temperature wear resistance and corrosion resistance provided by the embodiment is prepared by smelting the following components in molar ratio: the weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C and C are respectively as follows: 33% of chromium, 44% of iron, 14% of nickel, 3.8% of molybdenum, 3.4% of copper and 1.8% of carbon, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: before heating, the melting cavities of the regions are covered, the flow rate control plate in the base is pulled out, and then argon protective gas is introduced. The gas flow is 17L/min, after about 3-5 min, closing the flow rate control plate and opening the sealing covers of the regions, placing Cr blocks in a region melting cavity A, placing Fe and carbon steel blocks in a region melting cavity B, placing electrolytic nickel in a region melting cavity C, placing molybdenum blocks in a region melting cavity D, placing electrolytic copper in a region melting cavity E, and closing the sealing covers to continuously introduce argon protective gas to exhaust air in the melting cavity. 1880 deg.C, 1550 deg.C, 1460 deg.C, 2630 deg.C, 1100 deg.C
(2) Smelting: setting the heating temperature of the melting cavity A to be 1920 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature to be 1900 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity B is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1600 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity C is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1500 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity D is 1950 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1920 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity E is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1130 ℃. And connecting the induction coils outside the melting cavities of the areas, and measuring the temperature of the five furnace chambers respectively by using thermocouple sensors.
(3) Drainage and mixing: after the metal in each area melting cavity is heated to the corresponding temperature and completely melted into liquid, pulling out the flow rate control plate of the base of the area melting cavity according to the flow rate ratio of 5:3:2.5:5:1, enabling the metal liquid in the area melting cavity to flow into the core melting cavity according to the set flow rate ratio, and sequentially closing the flow rate control plate of the base according to the alloy composition ratio. When the molten metal flows into the core melting cavity, the electromagnetic induction coil on the middle layer of the core melting cavity is connected, low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is firstly carried out, after the molten metal completely flows into the core melting cavity, the induction heating power supply on the periphery of the area melting cavity is closed, high-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is carried out on the core melting cavity, and the molten metal is enabled to be uniformly mixed through electromagnetic stirring in the mixing process. The magnetic field intensity is set to be 2500-3500 Gs.
(4) Electric pulse treatment: when the metal mixed liquid is subjected to high-frequency electromagnetic stirring in the core melting cavity and simultaneously connected with a pulse power supply, pulse current is introduced into the metal mixed liquid through the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled to be 200-600 Hz, and the current density is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
(5) Water cooling treatment: and (3) switching on the pulse current and simultaneously starting a bottom water-cooled crystallizer to solidify the metal solution at the core part to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material. The cooling water flow of the water-cooled crystallizer is set to be 800L/h.
1) Hardness index: 45HRC
2) And corrosion resistance:
200g/L sulfuric acid +15g/L hydrochloric acid, 25 ℃: the corrosion rate is 0.463 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid +15g/L hydrochloric acid, 85 ℃: the corrosion rate is 2.79 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid, 15g/L hydrochloric acid and No. 40-70 quartz sand, 25 ℃, and the slurry scouring speed is 2 m/s: the corrosion rate was 4.02 mm/y.
Comparative example 1
The other conditions are the same as the example 1, except that all the metals are placed in the melting cavity D for melting, namely zone melting is not carried out, and after the melting is finished, the melt flows into the core melting cavity.
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure of the Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-C-Mn alloy prepared in comparative example 1. As can be seen from the figure, the matrix phase in the traditional preparation method is relatively coarse, the size and the distribution are extremely uneven, and the segregation is serious.
Comparative example 2
The high-temperature-wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material provided by the comparative example 2 is prepared by smelting the following components in molar ratio: the weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C and C are respectively as follows: 30% of chromium, 45% of iron, 15% of nickel, 3.4% of molybdenum, 5% of copper and 1.6% of carbon, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: before heating, the melting cavities of the regions are covered, the flow rate control plate in the base is pulled out, and then argon protective gas is introduced. The gas flow is 17L/min, after about 3-5 min, closing the flow rate control plate and opening the sealing covers of the regions, placing Cr blocks in a region melting cavity A, placing Fe and carbon steel blocks in a region melting cavity B, placing electrolytic nickel in a region melting cavity C, placing molybdenum blocks in a region melting cavity D, placing electrolytic copper in a region melting cavity E, and closing the sealing covers to continuously introduce argon protective gas to exhaust air in the melting cavity.
(2) Smelting: setting the heating temperature of the melting cavity A to be 1920 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature to be 1900 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity B is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1600 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity C is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1500 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity D is 1950 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1920 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity E is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1130 ℃. And connecting the induction coils outside the melting cavities of the areas, and measuring the temperature of the five furnace chambers respectively by using thermocouple sensors.
(3) Drainage and mixing: after the metal in each area melting cavity is heated to the corresponding temperature and completely melted into liquid, pulling out the flow rate control plate of the base of the area melting cavity according to the equal flow rate ratio of 1:1:1:1:1, so that the molten metal in the area melting cavity flows into the core melting cavity according to the set flow rate ratio, and sequentially closing the flow rate control plate of the base according to the alloy component ratio. When molten metal flows into the core melting cavity, an electromagnetic induction coil on the middle layer of the core melting cavity is connected, low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is firstly carried out, and the magnetic field intensity is set to be 1000 Gs. After the molten metal completely flows into the core melting cavity, the induction heating power supply at the periphery of the area melting cavity is closed, and the high-frequency electromagnetic field treatment is carried out on the core melting cavity, so that the molten metal is uniformly mixed with each phase fluid through electromagnetic stirring in the mixing process, and the set magnetic field intensity is 3000 Gs.
(4) Electric pulse treatment: when the metal mixed liquid is in the core melting chamber, the high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is carried out and simultaneously the pulse power supply is switched on, the pulse current is introduced into the metal mixed liquid through the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled at 400Hz, and the current density is controlled at 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
(5) Water cooling treatment: and (3) switching on the pulse current and simultaneously starting a bottom water-cooled crystallizer to solidify the metal solution at the core part to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material. The cooling water flow of the water-cooled crystallizer is set to be 800L/h.
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure of an Fe-Cr-Ni-Cu-C-Mn alloy prepared in comparative example 2.
As can be seen from the figure, the alloys prepared at the same flow rate ratio were very non-uniformly dispersed and agglomerated severely during mixing.
1) Hardness index: 40HRC
2) And corrosion resistance:
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 25 ℃: the corrosion rate is 0.731 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 85 ℃: the corrosion rate is 2.639 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid, 13g/L hydrochloric acid and No. 40-70 quartz sand, 25 ℃, and the slurry scouring speed is 1 m/s: the corrosion rate is 4.479 mm/y;
comparative example 3
The high-temperature-wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material provided by the comparative example 3 is prepared by smelting the following components in molar ratio: the weight percentages of Cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C and C are respectively as follows: 30% of chromium, 45% of iron, 15% of nickel, 3.4% of molybdenum, 5% of copper and 1.6% of carbon, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: before heating, the melting cavities of the regions are covered, the flow rate control plate in the base is pulled out, and then argon protective gas is introduced. The gas flow is 17L/min, after about 3-5 min, closing the flow rate control plate and opening the sealing covers of the regions, placing Cr blocks in a region melting cavity A, placing Fe and carbon steel blocks in a region melting cavity B, placing electrolytic nickel in a region melting cavity C, placing molybdenum blocks in a region melting cavity D, placing electrolytic copper in a region melting cavity E, and closing the sealing covers to continuously introduce argon protective gas to exhaust air in the melting cavity.
(2) Smelting: setting the heating temperature of the melting cavity A to be 1920 ℃ and the heat preservation temperature to be 1900 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity B is 1650 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1600 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity C is 1550 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1500 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity D is 1950 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1920 ℃; the heating temperature of the melting cavity E is 1150 ℃, and the heat preservation temperature is 1130 ℃. And connecting the induction coils outside the melting cavities of the areas, and measuring the temperature of the five furnace chambers respectively by using thermocouple sensors.
(3) Drainage and mixing: after the metal in each area melting cavity is heated to the corresponding temperature and completely melted into liquid, pulling out the flow rate control plate of the base of the area melting cavity according to the flow rate ratio of 5:3:2.5:5:1, enabling the metal liquid in the area melting cavity to flow into the core melting cavity according to the set flow rate ratio, and sequentially closing the flow rate control plate of the base according to the alloy composition ratio. When the molten metal flows into the core melting cavity, an electromagnetic induction coil on the middle layer of the core melting cavity is connected, electromagnetic field treatment is firstly carried out, and the magnetic field intensity is set to be 1000 Gs. After the molten metal completely flows into the core melting cavity, closing the induction heating power supply at the periphery of the area melting cavity, and performing electromagnetic field treatment on the core melting cavity, so that the molten metal is subjected to electromagnetic stirring in the mixing process to uniformly mix various phase fluids, and the set magnetic field intensity is 1000 Gs.
(4) Electric pulse treatment: when the metal mixed liquid is in the core melting chamber, the high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is carried out and simultaneously the pulse power supply is switched on, the pulse current is introduced into the metal mixed liquid through the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles, the frequency of the pulse current is controlled at 400Hz, and the current density is controlled at 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 。
(5) Water cooling treatment: and (3) switching on the pulse current and simultaneously opening the bottom water-cooled crystallizer to solidify the core metal solution to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy material. Setting the cooling water flow of the water-cooled crystallizer to be 800L/h.
1) Hardness index: 38HRC
2) And corrosion resistance:
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 25 ℃: the corrosion rate is 0.688 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid +13g/L hydrochloric acid, 85 ℃: the corrosion rate is 2.834 mm/y;
200g/L sulfuric acid, 13g/L hydrochloric acid and No. 40-70 quartz sand, 25 ℃, and the slurry scouring speed is 1 m/s: the corrosion rate was 4.867 mm/y.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a high entropy alloy multistage is cast device thoughtlessly which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
n zone melting furnaces for respectively melting different metals to obtain metal melts,
the central melting furnace is respectively connected with the liquid outlets of the N regional melting furnaces through N guide pipes, metal melts smelted in the N regional melting furnaces are mixed, and the N guide pipes are respectively provided with a flow speed control plate for controlling the flow speed of the metal melts flowing into the central melting furnace from the N regional melting furnaces;
the core smelting furnace comprises a core crucible, an electromagnetic induction coil and a water-cooled crystallizer positioned at the bottom of the core crucible;
the core crucible is composed of two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned at the upper part and an alumina crucible positioned at the lower part in a pin connection mode, wherein the two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles are connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of an external pulse power supply through a top sealing cover to provide pulse current for the mixing of metal melts.
2. A high entropy alloy multi-stage hybrid casting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the inner layer of the N regional smelting furnaces is a graphite crucible, the outer layer of the N regional smelting furnaces is an asbestos heat insulation layer covering the graphite crucible, the center of the N regional smelting furnaces contains a vortex heating coil, the N regional smelting furnaces are used for heating metal to be smelted, the top of the N regional smelting furnaces is a sealing plate with an argon protective gas flow guide pipe, and the bottom of the N regional smelting furnaces is a base with a liquid outlet.
3. A high entropy alloy multi-stage hybrid casting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and N is 5-8.
4. A high entropy alloy multi-stage hybrid casting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the guide pipe is made of graphite and is externally coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer;
the outer layer of the central crucible is coated with an asbestos heat insulation layer;
the multi-section mixed casting device also comprises a PC control system.
5. A method for multi-section mixed casting of high-entropy alloy, which is characterized by applying the multi-section mixed casting device of the high-entropy alloy as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and comprises the following steps: m kinds of metals are prepared according to the designed proportion and are respectively placed in M zone melting cavity furnaces, and M is less than or equal to N; respectively smelting at different temperatures under the protective atmosphere, obtaining M kinds of metal melts after smelting, then enabling the M kinds of metal melts to flow into a central crucible of the central smelting furnace through a guide pipe, carrying out low-frequency electromagnetic stirring on mixed melts in the central crucible in the process of flowing in the metal melts, carrying out high-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melts after the flowing in of the metal melts is finished, simultaneously introducing pulse current into the mixed melts through two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned at the upper part of the central crucible, and starting a water-cooling crystallizer to cool and solidify the mixed melts to obtain the high-entropy alloy.
6. A method of high entropy alloy multi-segment co-casting according to claim 5, wherein:
the melting temperature in any one melting furnace is plus 30-50 ℃ of the melting point of the metal added into the melting furnace;
when M kinds of metal melts flow into the central crucible of the central melting furnace through the draft tube, the flow rates of the M kinds of metal melts flowing into the central crucible of the central melting furnace are set from high to low in the order of the melting points of the M kinds of metal melts from high to low.
7. A method of high entropy alloy multi-segment mixed casting according to claim 5,
the magnetic field intensity during low-frequency electromagnetic stirring is 800-1500 Gs;
and the magnetic field intensity during high-frequency electromagnetic stirring is 2500-3500 Gs.
8. A method of high entropy alloy multi-segment co-casting according to claim 5, wherein:
the frequency of the pulse current is controlled to be 200-600 Hz, and the current density is controlled to be 1 multiplied by 10 4 ～6×10 5 A/cm 2 ；
The flow rate of cooling water used by the water-cooled crystallizer is 400-1200L/h.
9. A method of high entropy alloy multi-segment co-casting according to claim 5, wherein:
the high-entropy alloy comprises the following components in molar ratio: cr, Fe, Ni, Mo, Cu, C, 2.3, 3.2, 1, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3-0.7;
the microstructure of the high-entropy alloy is as follows: FCC + (Cr, Fe) C intermetallic compounds.
10. A method of multi-segment mixed casting of a high-entropy alloy according to any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein: the method comprises the following steps: preparing Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel blocks according to a designed proportion, respectively placing the Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel blocks in a 5-region melting cavity furnace, respectively melting under the protection of argon atmosphere, heating to the corresponding temperature of each metal, then preserving heat to obtain 5 metal melts, then enabling the Cr, Fe, Ni, ferromolybdenum, Cu and carbon steel melts to flow into a core crucible of a core melting furnace through a flow guide pipe according to the flow rate ratio of 4.5-5.5: 2.5: 2.0-3.0: 4.5-5.5: 0.5-1.5, carrying out low-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melt in the core crucible in the process of flowing in the metal melts, carrying out high-frequency electromagnetic stirring on the mixed melt after the metal melts flow is finished, simultaneously introducing pulse current into the mixed melt through two semi-cylindrical graphite crucibles positioned on the upper part of the core crucible, and starting a water-cooling crystallizer to cool and solidify the mixed melt to obtain the CrFeNiMoCuC high-entropy alloy.
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