CN114825895A - Input anti-surge slow starting circuit with overcurrent protection function - Google Patents

Input anti-surge slow starting circuit with overcurrent protection function Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114825895A
CN114825895A CN202210732125.8A CN202210732125A CN114825895A CN 114825895 A CN114825895 A CN 114825895A CN 202210732125 A CN202210732125 A CN 202210732125A CN 114825895 A CN114825895 A CN 114825895A
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China
Prior art keywords
resistor
surge
detection control
control circuit
circuit
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Granted
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CN202210732125.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114825895B (en
Inventor
王炜
印长豹
刘凯
张磊
李肖南
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Hefei Bolei Electricity Co ltd
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Hefei Bolei Electricity Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/36Means for starting or stopping converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an input anti-surge slow starting circuit with an overcurrent protection function, which belongs to the technical field of overcurrent protection and comprises an overcurrent detection control circuit, a controlled switch, a rectification module and a differential pressure detection control circuit; the rectification module is respectively connected with the controlled switch and the voltage difference detection control circuit and is used for completing AC-DC conversion; the controlled switch is used for adjusting the resistance state of the line; the invention realizes the suppression of input surge current by arranging the three-state controlled switch and the corresponding detection control circuit, and can also avoid the problems of large loss and incapability of preventing surge current when input voltage changes suddenly caused by the common circuit scheme.

Description

Input anti-surge slow starting circuit with overcurrent protection function
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of overcurrent protection, in particular to an input anti-surge slow starting circuit with an overcurrent protection function.
Background
At present, with the large number of applications of power electronic products, such as general switching power supplies, computers, household appliances and the like, a large number of high-frequency switching power electronic technologies are applied. Most of the technical applications need to convert the used 220V alternating current supply into direct current of about 300V, and the basic circuit form is shown in FIG. 1.
Due to the existence of the large capacitor at the rear stage of rectification, when the control switch at the front stage of the power supply is closed, the voltage rectified by 220V alternating current power supply is directly applied to the capacitor, so that a large surge current can be caused, and the instantaneous current value can be as high as more than 100A. The power supply circuit has great adverse effect on 220V alternating current input power supply circuits.
To solve the problem of excessive surge current, the following method is generally adopted:
firstly, the series NTC thermistor limits the surge current. This scheme is by far the simplest way to suppress the input inrush current, as shown in fig. 2. Since the NTC resistor will decrease with increasing temperature. When the switching power supply is started, the NTC resistor is at normal temperature and has high resistance, so that the current can be effectively limited; after the power supply is started, the NTC resistor can be rapidly heated to about 110 ℃ due to self heat dissipation, and the resistance value is reduced to about one-fifteenth of the room temperature, so that the power loss of the switching power supply during normal operation is reduced.
There are disadvantages:
the current limiting effect of the NTC resistor is greatly influenced by the ambient temperature: if the resistance is too large and the charging current is too small when the switch-mode power supply is started at low temperature (below zero), the switch-mode power supply can not be started; if the resistance value of the resistor is too small at high temperature start-up, the effect of limiting the input inrush current may not be achieved.
2. The current limiting effect is only partially achieved in the event of a brief input mains interruption (of the order of a few hundred milliseconds). During this brief interruption, the electrolytic capacitor has been discharged, and the NTC resistor is still at a high temperature and has a small resistance, and the NTC cannot effectively limit the current when the power supply is required to be restarted immediately.
3. During normal operation, the thermistor can generate high heat and temperature, and certain influence is brought to the power efficiency and the safety. And the high-temperature working for a long time, the characteristics are easy to change, and the service life of the high-temperature working oil is prolonged for a certain time.
Secondly, limiting the surge current by adopting a relay and a high-power resistor, as shown in figure 3;
by using the scheme, the performance of the anti-surge circuit can be prevented from being influenced by the ambient temperature, and meanwhile, the working loss of the anti-surge circuit is very low and the influence on the working efficiency of the power supply is very small because the resistance is very small after the relay is closed.
However, it also has the following disadvantages:
1. the current limiting effect cannot be achieved at short input mains interruptions (in the order of hundreds of milliseconds). During this brief interruption, the electrolytic capacitor has been partially discharged while the relay is still closed, and the circuit is completely without current limiting when the power input is restarted.
2. Because the relay is an electromechanical device, the problems of the service life of a mechanical mechanism and an electric contact and slow action speed exist. Reliability and lifetime are less than semiconductor devices.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an input anti-surge slow start circuit with an overcurrent protection function, which aims to reduce input surge current by a simpler circuit and avoid the problems of large loss and incapability of preventing surge current when input voltage suddenly changes, which are caused by the conventional circuit scheme.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
an input anti-surge slow starting circuit with an overcurrent protection function,
the input anti-surge slow starting circuit with the overcurrent protection function comprises an overcurrent detection control circuit, a controlled switch, a rectification module and a pressure difference detection control circuit;
the rectification module is respectively connected with the controlled switch and the voltage difference detection control circuit and is used for completing AC-DC conversion;
the controlled switch is used for adjusting the resistance state of the line;
the overcurrent detection control circuit is connected with the controlled switch and used for acquiring and detecting a current signal in a line; when abnormal large current occurs in the circuit, the controlled switch is controlled to enter a semi-closed resistance working state, and the abnormal large current is restrained by increasing the circuit impedance;
and the voltage difference detection control circuit is connected with the overcurrent detection control circuit and is used for detecting the difference value between the input voltage and the large-capacitance voltage.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the rectifying module is a rectifier V5 composed of four rectifying diodes.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the controlled switch is a MOS transistor V1, and the drain of the MOS transistor V1 is connected with the voltage output end of the rectifier V5.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the over-current detection control circuit comprises a current transformer T1, a resistor R4, a diode V4 and a resistor R5, wherein one end of the current transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the resistor R4 and the anode of the diode V4, the cathode of the diode V4 is connected with the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with 12V voltage, and the other end of the current transformer T1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R4 and the grid of the MOS transistor V1.
As a further technical scheme of the invention: the voltage difference detection control circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a diode V2 and a triode V3, wherein one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a voltage output end of a rectifier V5, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a cathode of a diode V2 and a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a resistor R3 and a base of a triode V3, an emitter of the triode V3 is connected with a source of a MOS tube V1, the other end of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3, an anode of a diode V2, an output end BUS + and a resistor R7, the other end of the capacitor C7 is connected with a collector of the triode V7, the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 and a grid of the MOS tube V7, the other end of the resistor R7 is connected with 12V voltage, and an induction coil of the current transformer T7 is wound on a line between the source and the output end BUS + of the MOS tube V7.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the semiconductor device controlled switch is used to realize low conduction loss of normal operation of the power supply, and the controlled switch has the advantages of high switching speed and long service life.
2. By using the voltage difference detection control circuit, the detection of the charging state of the power capacitor is realized, the self-adaptive control of the time for closing the controlled switch is realized, and the problems that surge current still appears due to too early closing of the controlled switch and slow starting and charging time is too long due to too late closing of the controlled switch are solved, so that the whole power supply is started slowly.
3. By using the overcurrent detection control circuit, the problem that the conventional anti-surge circuit cannot complete the anti-surge function when the input main power grid is interrupted for a short time is solved. The ability to keep the circuit surge-proof function in the input abnormal state can be ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of prior art 1.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of prior art 2.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of prior art 3.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
referring to fig. 4, an input anti-surge slow start circuit with an overcurrent protection function includes an overcurrent detection control circuit, a controlled switch, a rectifier module and a voltage difference detection control circuit; the rectification module is respectively connected with the controlled switch and the voltage difference detection control circuit and is used for completing AC-DC conversion; the controlled switch is used for adjusting the resistance state of the line; the overcurrent detection control circuit is connected with the controlled switch and is used for acquiring and detecting a current signal in a line; when abnormal large current occurs in the circuit, the controlled switch is controlled to enter a semi-closed resistance working state, and the abnormal large current is restrained by increasing the circuit impedance; the voltage difference detection control circuit is connected with the overcurrent detection control circuit and used for detecting the difference value between the input voltage and the large-capacitance voltage.
The controlled switch has 3 working states, namely 1 closed state with low on-resistance, 2 open state without conduction and 3 semi-closed resistance working state with certain on-resistance. The overcurrent detection control circuit can detect the current of the line, and when abnormal large current is detected in the line, the controlled switch is controlled to enter a semi-closed resistance working state, and the abnormal large current is restrained by increasing the line impedance.
The design realizes the suppression of input surge current by arranging the three-state controlled switch and the corresponding detection control circuit, and can also avoid the problems of large loss and incapability of preventing surge current when the input voltage changes suddenly, which are caused by the common circuit scheme.
Embodiment 2, based on embodiment 1, the rectifying module is a rectifier V5 composed of four rectifying diodes, the controlled switch is a MOS transistor V1, and a drain of the MOS transistor V1 is connected to a voltage output terminal of the rectifier V5. The over-current detection control circuit comprises a current transformer T1, a resistor R4, a diode V4 and a resistor R5, wherein one end of the current transformer T1 is connected with the anode of the resistor R4 and the anode of the diode V4, the cathode of the diode V4 is connected with the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with 12V voltage, and the other end of the current transformer T1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R4 and the grid of the MOS transistor V1. The voltage difference detection control circuit comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a diode V2 and a triode V3, one end of a resistor R1 is connected with a voltage output end of a rectifier V5, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the cathode of a diode V2 and a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a resistor R3 and the base of a triode V3, the emitter of the triode V3 is connected with the source of a MOS tube V1, the other end of a capacitor C1 and a resistor R3, the anode of the diode V2, a capacitor C2, an output end BUS + and a resistor R7, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with the collector of a triode V3, the other end of the resistor R6 and the other end of the resistor R7 and the grid of an MOS tube V1, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with 12V voltage, the other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, the sensing coil of a current transformer T1 is wound on a line between the source of the MOS tube V1 and the output end BUS + of the triode V3. The MOS transistor V1 is a PMOS transistor.
The working principle is as follows:
at the initial stage of power supply input at the front stage of the power supply, the driving voltage of the gate of the MOS transistor V1 is shorted to 0V due to the conduction of the transistor V3, so that the MOS transistor V1 is cut off and is not conducted. At this time, the front-stage power supply is charged with a small current through the surge-prevention charging resistor R1, the resistor R2, the resistor R3 and the diode V2 as the large capacitor C2 of the rear stage.
Along with the slow rising of the voltage charge of the large capacitor, the voltage difference value between the input power supply voltage and the large capacitor is gradually reduced, namely the total voltage of a series loop of the resistor R1, the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 is gradually reduced, further, the voltage on the resistor R3 is reduced, when the voltage on the resistor R3 is reduced to be less than 0.7V, the triode V3 is cut off, the 12V + power supply charges the capacitor C1 through the resistor R6, the control stage of the MOS transistor V1 obtains the driving voltage and starts to be conducted, at the moment, the front-stage power supply supplies power for the rear-stage capacitor C2 through the MOS transistor V1, and the MOS transistor V1 has very low on-resistance and very low on-loss.
When the power supply normally works, if the input main power grid is interrupted briefly, the voltage on the capacitor C2 falls rapidly due to the work of the rear-stage load, and at the moment, if the input main power grid recovers, a large surge current is generated through the MOS transistor V1 due to the large difference between the input voltage and the voltage on the capacitor C2. The invention is provided with an overcurrent detection control circuit which is composed of a current transformer T1, a resistor R4, a resistor R5 and a diode V4. The coil of the current transformer T1 is connected in series in the power supply loop of the MOS tube V1, when a large surge current appears on the loop of the MOS tube V1 due to the transient interruption of the input main power grid, a large voltage can be generated on the output coil of the current transformer T1 through the electromagnetic induction of the current transformer T1 current transformer, the driving voltage of the control level of the MOS tube V1 is quickly released back to the F12V + power supply through the series loop of the diode V4 and the resistor R5 by utilizing the voltage, the driving voltage of the control level of the MOS tube V1 is reduced to be lower than the voltage required by the conduction of the MOS tube V1, the MOS tube V1 enters a semi-closed resistance working state, and the abnormal large current is restrained by the conduction resistance of the MOS tube V1 at the moment, so that the surge current is limited within a certain range. The surge limiting value is determined by the turn ratio of the current transformer T1 and the resistance values of the resistor R4 and the resistor R5.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. An input anti-surge slow starting circuit with an overcurrent protection function is characterized in that,
the input anti-surge slow starting circuit with the overcurrent protection function comprises an overcurrent detection control circuit, a controlled switch, a rectification module and a pressure difference detection control circuit;
the rectification module is respectively connected with the controlled switch and the voltage difference detection control circuit and is used for completing AC-DC conversion;
the controlled switch is used for adjusting the resistance state of the line;
the overcurrent detection control circuit is connected with the controlled switch and used for acquiring and detecting a current signal in a line; when abnormal large current occurs in the circuit, the controlled switch is controlled to enter a semi-closed resistance working state, and the abnormal large current is restrained by increasing the circuit impedance;
and the voltage difference detection control circuit is connected with the overcurrent detection control circuit and is used for detecting the difference value between the input voltage and the large-capacitance voltage.
2. The input anti-surge slow start circuit with the overcurrent protection function as recited in claim 1, wherein the rectifying module is a rectifier V5 composed of four rectifying diodes.
3. The input surge protection soft start circuit with the overcurrent protection function as recited in claim 2, wherein the controlled switch is a MOS transistor V1, and a drain of the MOS transistor V1 is connected to a voltage output terminal of the rectifier V5.
4. The input surge protection slow start circuit with the overcurrent protection function as claimed in claim 3, wherein the overcurrent detection control circuit comprises a current transformer T1, a resistor R4, a diode V4 and a resistor R5, one end of the current transformer T1 is connected with a resistor R4 and an anode of the diode V4, a cathode of the diode V4 is connected with the resistor R5, the other end of the resistor R5 is connected with 12V voltage, and the other end of the current transformer T1 is connected with the other end of the resistor R4 and a gate of the MOS transistor V1.
5. An input anti-surge slow start circuit with an overcurrent protection function according to claim 4, the voltage difference detection control circuit is characterized by comprising a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a diode V2 and a triode V3, wherein one end of the resistor R1 is connected with a voltage output end of the rectifier V5, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with a cathode of the diode V2 and a resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R2 is connected with a resistor R3 and a base of the triode V3, an emitter of the triode V3 is connected with a source of the MOS tube V1, a capacitor C1, the other end of the resistor R3, an anode of the diode V2, an output end BUS + and a resistor R7, the other end of the capacitor C1 is connected with a collector of the triode V3, the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R7 and a gate of the MOS tube V1, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected with 12V voltage, and an induction coil of a current transformer T1 is wound on a line between the source of the MOS tube V1 and the output end BUS +.
6. The input anti-surge slow start circuit with the overcurrent protection function as recited in claim 5, wherein the transistor V3 is an NPN transistor.
7. The input anti-surge slow start circuit with the overcurrent protection function as recited in claim 5, wherein the MOS transistor V1 is a PMOS transistor.
CN202210732125.8A 2022-06-27 2022-06-27 Input anti-surge slow starting circuit with overcurrent protection function Active CN114825895B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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CN106301023A (en) * 2016-08-27 2017-01-04 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 The skew controllable electric power that a kind of anode electrolytic cell current measuring device surge limits
CN106300307A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-04 苏州佳世达光电有限公司 A kind of anti-surge circuit and the Switching Power Supply of Anti-surging
CN206148935U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-05-03 四川升华电源科技有限公司 Prevent surge relay
CN107211499A (en) * 2015-02-03 2017-09-26 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 The drive circuit used of surge protection arrangement can be monitored
CN108879591A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-23 深圳市沃特沃德股份有限公司 High current power supply protection circuit
CN111193389A (en) * 2020-02-05 2020-05-22 海南星宇智控科技有限公司 Input surge impact prevention circuit and method
CN212183788U (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-12-18 江阴乐华电器有限公司 LED surge protection circuit
CN112968616A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-15 北京泰力控科技有限公司 AC-DC converter and AC-DC conversion system
CN214256123U (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-09-21 湖南工程学院 Surge current suppression circuit
CN216819699U (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-06-24 深圳市众恒世讯科技股份有限公司 Surge current suppression circuit with direct current input

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107211499A (en) * 2015-02-03 2017-09-26 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 The drive circuit used of surge protection arrangement can be monitored
CN204858705U (en) * 2015-08-13 2015-12-09 深圳市龙威盛电子科技有限公司 Mobile phone charger
CN106301023A (en) * 2016-08-27 2017-01-04 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 The skew controllable electric power that a kind of anode electrolytic cell current measuring device surge limits
CN106300307A (en) * 2016-08-30 2017-01-04 苏州佳世达光电有限公司 A kind of anti-surge circuit and the Switching Power Supply of Anti-surging
CN206148935U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-05-03 四川升华电源科技有限公司 Prevent surge relay
CN108879591A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-11-23 深圳市沃特沃德股份有限公司 High current power supply protection circuit
CN111193389A (en) * 2020-02-05 2020-05-22 海南星宇智控科技有限公司 Input surge impact prevention circuit and method
CN212183788U (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-12-18 江阴乐华电器有限公司 LED surge protection circuit
CN214256123U (en) * 2021-02-04 2021-09-21 湖南工程学院 Surge current suppression circuit
CN112968616A (en) * 2021-02-19 2021-06-15 北京泰力控科技有限公司 AC-DC converter and AC-DC conversion system
CN216819699U (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-06-24 深圳市众恒世讯科技股份有限公司 Surge current suppression circuit with direct current input

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