CN1148257C - 用于烷烃氨氧化反应的催化剂 - Google Patents

用于烷烃氨氧化反应的催化剂 Download PDF

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CN1148257C
CN1148257C CNB998169730A CN99816973A CN1148257C CN 1148257 C CN1148257 C CN 1148257C CN B998169730 A CNB998169730 A CN B998169730A CN 99816973 A CN99816973 A CN 99816973A CN 1148257 C CN1148257 C CN 1148257C
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约瑟夫·P·巴尔托克
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詹姆斯·F·布雷兹迪尔
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Abstract

一种由如下的经验式表征的氨氧化反应催化剂,包括:VSbaSnbTicFedOx;其中1≤a≤1.8,0≤b≤0.35,0≤c≤0.15,0<d≤0.8,0<b+c≤0.5,1≤a-d<1.8,及当a-d>1.2时,0<d≤0.5及0.3≤b+c≤0.5,及当a-d≤1.2时,0.2<d≤0.8及0<b+c<0.3,及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。优选催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。

Description

用于烷烃氨氧化反应的催化剂
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化剂及一种方法,该方法使用公开的催化剂由丙烷和异丁烷经催化氨氧化反应制备其对应的α,β-不饱和一腈,即丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈。
背景技术
由于丙烯和丙烷之间的价格差,因此出于经济方面的动机促使开发一种可行的催化剂及由丙烷转化为丙烯腈的催化方法。
在该领域中,早期所进行的努力是开发高效的丙烷氨氧化反应制丙烯腈的方法,因为要么所得到的丙烯腈产率不够高,要么所用的方法中必须在原料中加入卤素促进剂。后者不仅需要由特殊耐腐蚀材料制造的反应器,而且也需要回收大量的促进剂。为此,增加的成本抵消了丙烷/丙烯的价格差带来的优势。
目前,转让给本发明受让人的美国专利US 5,008,427和5,498,588涉及新颖的丙烷氨氧化反应催化剂,和使用这些催化剂从丙烷制丙烯腈的方法。本发明涉及这些催化剂的改进。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种链烷烃的氨氧化反应制不饱和一腈的改进的催化剂,特别是,丙烷和异丁烷的氨氧化反应制丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供一种从低级链烷烃制不饱和一腈的改进的催化氨氧化反应的方法,特别是,分别从丙烷和异丁烷生产丙烯腈和甲基丙烯腈的催化氨氧化反应的方法。
从伴随的公开和所附的权利要求的描述中,本发明的其它目的、特征和优点显而易见。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供一种催化剂,其含有如下的经验式表示的按比例组成的元素。
               VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.35
0≤c≤0.15
0<d≤0.8
0<b+c≤0.5
1≤a-d<1.8
及当a-d>1.2时,0<d<0.5及0.3≤b+c≤0.5
及当a-d≤1.2时,0.2<d≤0.8及0<b+c<0.3
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
在本发明的另一方面,制备α,β-不饱和一腈的方法包括,在催化剂存在下,在气相的一个反应区内,选自丙烷和异丁烷的链烷烃与氧和氨接触,反应区的气相组成中含有的链烷烃与氨的摩尔比为2.5~16,及链烷烃与氧的摩尔比约为1~10,所述的催化剂含有的元素和比例由如下的经验式表示:
             VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.35
0≤c≤0.15
0<d≤0.8
0<b+c≤0.5
1≤a-d<1.8
及当a-d>1.2时,0<d<0.5及0.3≤b+c≤0.5
及当a-d≤1.2时,0.2<d≤0.8及0<b+c<0.3
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
在本发明另外的优选实施方式中,催化剂含有如下的经验式表示的按比例分配的元素。
            VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1.3≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.2
0≤c≤0.1
0.2<d≤0.6
0<b+c<0.3
1≤a-d≤1.2
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
在本发明的又一个优选实施方式中,催化剂含有如下的经验式表示的按比例分配的元素。
              VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1.5≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.1
0≤c≤0.05
0.3≤d≤0.6
0<b+c≤0.15
1≤a-d≤1.2
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
在本发明的又一个优选实施方式中,催化剂制备时的烧结温度至少为780℃。也可使用高达1200℃的烧结温度。但烧结温度通常优选在790℃~1050℃的范围。根据组成的不同,优化的烧结温度也不同,但对于一个给定组成的催化剂,通过常规的试验可以很容易确定特定的、窄范围的、优化的烧结温度。
在本发明的氨氧化反应方法中,在反应区的气相条件下,使链烷烃、氨和分子氧的混合物接触进行反应。另外,惰性的稀释剂如氮、氦、二氧化碳和水可以在实施本发明时使用。
反应温度可以从350℃到700℃变化,但通常在430℃~520℃之间。后面的温度特别适合于丙烷氨氧化反应制丙烯腈的情况。
反应过程中的平均接触时间通常为0.01~10秒,但通常为0.02~10秒,最优选的为0.1~5秒。
反应区的压力通常为0.14-5.1个大气压(2~75psia),最优选为0.14-3.4个大气压(2~最大50psia)。
本发明优选的催化剂制备实施方式的详细描述参见转让于本发明受让人的美国专利US 5,008,427,在此引入作为参考。
本发明的详细描述
在此对本发明的催化剂和方法作更详细的描述。所提供的实施例的目的仅用来阐述本发明而不是限制本发明。
本发明的实施例(在表中的15psig相当于1.02个大气压)
                                                           表I
    原料比例
实施例编号 催化剂组成 WWH(hr1) 温度(℃) 压力(psig) C3H8 NH3 O2 N2 C3H8转化率(%) 丙烯腈选择性(%)
    1 VSb1.5Sn.05Ti.05Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.82   480     15  3.00  0.79  2.01  2.00  20.29     59.14
    2 VSb1.6Sn.02Ti.04Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.60   480     15  3.00  0.81  2.00  1.99  20.17     58.35
    3 VSb1.8Sn.05Ti.05Fe.60x+20%SiO2   1.23   480     15  3.00  0.79  2.00  2.01  20.63     57.86
    4 VSb1.61Sn.05Ti.05Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.36  480     15  3.00  0.80  1.99  1.99 20.57     57.42
    5 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1Fe.3Ox+20%SiO2   0.94 475     15  3.00  0.79  2.00  2.01 19.91     57.33
    6 VSb1.6Sn.02Ti.02Fe.50x+20%SiO2   1.62  480     15  3.00  0.81  2.00  1.99 20.14     57.28
    7 VSb1.5Sn.2Ti.1Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   1.46   480     15  3.00  0.79  2.00  2.01 20.07     57.19
    8 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1Fe.3Ox+20%SiO2   1.07   480     15  3.00  0.79  2.00  2.01 20.27     57.16
    9 VSb1.4Ti.15Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.05   480     15  3.00  0.79  2.01  2.00 20.66     56.86
    10 VSb1.5Sn0.05Ti0.1Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.84   475     15  3.00  0.81  1.97  2.01 19.54     56.08
    11 VSb1.4Ti.15Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.05   475     15  3.00  0.79  2.01  2.00 19.65     56.05
对比例
                                               表II
    原料比例
对比例编号 催化剂组成 WWH(hr1) 温度(℃)   压力(psig) C3H8 NH3 O2 N2 C3H8转化率(%) 丙烯腈选择性(%)
    12 VSb1.38Ti.1Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.48   485     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.19     55.75
    13 VSb1.2Sn0.05Ti0.15Fe0.1Ox+2D%SiO2   0.67   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.96  2.06  19.59     55.70
    14 VSb1.3Ti0.15Fe0.2Ox+20%SiO2   0.59   480     15  3.00  0.80 2.01  2.00  19.61     54.33
    15 VSb1.6Fe0.5Ox+20%SiO2   0.67   480     15  3.00  1.02 2.02  1.99  20.10     53.80
    16 VSb1.8Sn0.05Ti0.15Fe0.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.37   480     15  3.00  0.81 1.96  2.02  20.24     53.42
下表提供了本发明另外的实施例和对比例。在实施例序号前面的“C”表示是对比例。
                                                          表III
                 原料比例
  实例编号 催化剂组成 WWH(hr1) 温度(℃)    压力(psig) C3H8 NH3 O2 N2  C3H8转化率(%)   丙烯腈选择性(%)
    17 VSb1.5Sn.05Ti.05Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.82   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.01  2.00  20.29     59.14
    18 VSb1.5Sn.05Ti.05Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.76   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.01  2.00  21.38     59.06
    19 VSb1.6Sn.02Ti.04Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.60   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.17     58.35
    20 VSb1.38Ti.1Fe.3Ox+20%SiO2   0.70   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.17     58.21
    C21 VSb1.5Sn.125Ti.05Fe.225Ox+20%SiO2   0.67   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.81     57.99
    C22 VSb1.2Sn0.05Ti0.05Fe0.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.53   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.97  2.09  19.64     57.89
    23 VSb1.8Sn.05Ti.05Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.23   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.63     57.86
    C24 VSb1.38Ti.1Fe.2Ox+20%SiO2   0.66   485     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.14     57.85
    25 VSb1.61Sn.05Ti.05Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.36   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.99  1.99  20.57     57.42
    26 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1Fe.3Ox+20%SiO2   0.94   475     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  19.91     57.33
    27 VSb1.6Sn.02Ti.02Fe.5Ox+20%SiO2   1.62   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.14     57.28
    28 VSb1.5Sn.2Ti.1Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   1.46   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.07     57.19
    29 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1F8.3Ox+20%SiO2   1.07   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.27     57.16
    C30 VSb1.2Sn.35Ti.05Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   1.71   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.00  20.13     56.94
    C31 VSb1.5Sn.125Ti.05Fe.225Ox+20%SiO2   0.68   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.57     56.86
    32 VSb1.4Ti.15Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.05   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.01  2.00  20.66     56.86
    C33 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1Fe.2Ox+20%SiO2   0.64   485     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.23     56.79
    C34 VSb1.38Sn.05Ti.1Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.47   485     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  19.58     56.27
    35 VSb1.5Sn0.05Ti0.15Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.68   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.96  2.06  19.84     56.17
    36 VSb1.5Sn0.05Ti0.1Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.84   475     15  3.00  0.81 1.97  2.01  19.54     56.08
    37 VSb1.4Ti.15Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.05   475     15  3.00  0.79 2.01  2.00  19.65     56.05
    C38 VSb1.38Ti.1Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.48   485     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  20.19     55.75
    C39 VSb1.2Sn0.05Ti0.15Fe0.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.67   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.96  2.06  19.59     55.70
    40 VSb1.5Sn0.05Ti0.1Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   0.84   480     15  3.00  0.81 1.97  2.01  20.78     55.65
    C41 VSb1.5Sn.35Ti.1Fe.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.71   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.00  19.96     55.58
               原料比例
  实例编号 催化剂组成 WWH(hr1)  温度(℃) 压力(psig) C3H8 NH3 O2 N2  C3H8转化率(%)   丙烯腈选择性(%)
  C42 VSb1.2Sn.35Ti.15Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   1.79   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.00   20.04   55.39
   43 V1.0Sb1.5Sn0.2Ti0.05Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.30   480     15  3.00  0.82 1.97  2.04  20.96   55.35
  C44 VSb1.8Sn.04Ti.02Fe.5Ox+20%SiO2   1.56   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.29   54.92
   45 VSb1.8Sn.02Ti.02Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.28   480     15  3.00  0.82 2.01  2.00  20.09   54.81
  C46 VSb1.3Ti0.15Fe0.2Ox+20%SiO2   0.59   480     15  3.00  0.80 2.01  2.00  19.61   54.33
  C47 VSb1.5Sn0.2Ti0.15Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.29   480     15  3.00  0.82 1.97  2.04  19.99   54.00
  C48 VSb1.5Sn.125Ti.05Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.45   480     15  3.00  0.80 1.99  1.99  20.51   53.83
  C49 VSb1.6Fe0.5Ox+20%SiO2   0.67   480     15  3.00  1.02 2.02  1.99  20.10   53.80
  C50 VSb1.8Sn.35Ti.15Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   1.26   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.00  19.50   53.79
  C51 VSb1.5Sn.125Ti.05Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.44   485     15  3.00  0.80 1.99  1.99  21.03   53.72
  C52 VSb1.8Sn.04Ti.02Fe.5Ox+20%SiO2   1.59   480     15  3.00  0.81 2.00  1.99  20.09   53.67
  53 VSb1.7Ti0.1Fe0.6+20%SiO2   1.34   480     16  3.00  0.80 2.00  1.98  20.10   53.60
  C54 VSb1.8Sn0.05Ti0.15Fe0.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.37   480     15  3.00  0.81 1.96  2.02  20.24   53.42
  C55 VSb1.5Sn.125Ti.05Fe.1Ox+20%SiO2   0.44   488     15  3.00  0.80 1.99  1.99  21.36   53.28
  C56 VSb1.5Sn0.2Ti0.1Fe0.35Ox+20%SiO2   1.49   475     15  3.00  0.81 1.97  2.01  20.35   53.10
  57 VSb1.5Ti.15Fe.4Ox+20%SiO2   1.08   475     15  3.00  0.79 2.01  2.00  20.71   52.76
  58 VSb1.8Sn.02Ti.02Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   1.14   480     15  3.00  0.82 2.01  2.00  20.71   52.64
  C59 VSb1.8Sn.35Ti.05Fe.6Ox+20%SiO2   2.32   480     15  3.00  0.79 2.00  2.01  19.85   51.27
尽管结合具体的实施例对本发明进行了详细的描述,很明显,根据上面的描述对本领域的技术人员而言,本发明可有许多改变、修饰和变化。因此,所包括的所有这样的改变、修饰和变化应该在本发明的精神和所附的权利要求的范围之内。

Claims (16)

1.一种由如下的经验式表征的氨氧化反应催化剂,包括:
           VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.35
0≤c≤0.15
0.1≤d≤0.8
0<b+c≤0.5
1≤a-d<1.8
及当a-d>1.2时,0.1≤d<0.5及0.3≤b+c≤0.5
及当a-d≤1.2时,0.2<d≤0.8及0<b+c<0.3
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
2.权利要求1的催化剂,其中1.3≤a≤1.8。
3.权利要求2的催化剂,其中0.2<d≤0.6。
4.权利要求3的催化剂,其中1≤a-d≤1.2。
5.权利要求1的催化剂,其中1.5≤a≤1.8。
6.权利要求3的催化剂,其中0.3≤d≤0.6。
7.权利要求1的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
8.权利要求2的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
9.权利要求3的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
10.权利要求4的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
11.权利要求5的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
12.权利要求6的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
13.一种由如下经验式表征的氨氧化反应催化剂,包括:
              VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1.3≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.2
0≤c≤0.1
0.2<d≤0.6
0<b+c<0.3
1≤a-d≤1.2
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
14.权利要求13的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
15.一种由如下的经验式表征的氨氧化反应催化剂,包括:
             VSbaSnbTicFedOx
其中
1.5≤a≤1.8
0≤b≤0.1
0≤c≤0.05
0.3≤d≤0.6
0<b+c≤0.15
1≤a-d≤1.2
及x由催化剂中阳离子的氧化态决定。
16.权利要求15的催化剂,其中催化剂在至少780℃的温度下烧结。
CNB998169730A 1999-10-26 1999-10-26 用于烷烃氨氧化反应的催化剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1148257C (zh)

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