CN114813319B - Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test - Google Patents
Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test Download PDFInfo
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- CN114813319B CN114813319B CN202210245240.2A CN202210245240A CN114813319B CN 114813319 B CN114813319 B CN 114813319B CN 202210245240 A CN202210245240 A CN 202210245240A CN 114813319 B CN114813319 B CN 114813319B
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 34
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/04—Chucks
Abstract
The invention relates to a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test. The technical proposal is as follows: 2 guide posts (10) are respectively arranged in guide holes (14) corresponding to the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), and two blade feet of the extensometer (8) are respectively fixed at the surface centers of the respective frosted areas (15) of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) through clamping springs (11); the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) are fixed on a workbench (23) and a movable cross beam (24) corresponding to the universal material testing machine, and a serial port terminal of an output signal line of the extensometer (8) is externally connected with a control port of the workbench of the universal material testing machine. During testing, the micro plate sample (25) to be tested is arranged in the sample positioning grooves (13) in the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), the compression springs (9) are respectively arranged, and the upper baffle plate (12) and the lower baffle plate (6) respectively block the corresponding compression springs (9). The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient maintenance, good test stability, strong universality and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clamping devices for tensile tests. In particular to a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test.
Background
With the rapid development of technology, the existing metal materials cannot meet the demands of the high-end field, so that technicians are enthusiastic for designing and developing advanced metal materials with higher strength, and tensile mechanical property test is one of effective methods for inspecting the advanced metal materials. The need for advanced metal materials such as metal matrix composites, high entropy alloys, and the like has led to the development of advanced forming methods such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, composite smelting, high precision forging and rolling, and the like. However, these preparation methods stay in laboratory test stage, and the raw materials and treatment process are expensive, so that many advanced metal materials have small size and small batch size, and cannot meet the national standard tensile test size requirement, and it is difficult to perform tensile mechanical property test. As reported in documents (Zhuwentang, cai Qingshan, wang Jianning, liu Wensheng, ma Yunzhu. Powder metallurgy co-sintering to prepare a 90W-7Ni-3Fe/30CrMnSiNi2A structural composite material, tissue and mechanical properties [ J ]. Chinese nonferrous metals journal, 2021, 31 (7): 1737-1746), when researching advanced materials prepared by a powder metallurgy process, the blank size is far smaller than the national standard requirements of tensile test, so that the tensile test is difficult to carry out when researching the material performance; as reported in literature (K.B.Nie, X.J.Wang, K.Wu, X.S.Hu, M.Y.Zheng, L.Xu.Microstructure and tensile properties ofmicro-SiC particles reinforced Magnesium matrix composites produced by semisolid stirring assisted ultrasonic vibration [ J ]. Materials Science and EngineeringA,2011, 528:8709-8714), the metal matrix composite prepared by the composite stirring casting method is difficult to detect the tensile property by adopting the size required by national standards when the mechanical property is tested; some advanced metal materials are prepared by a thermal simulation testing machine, the size of the obtained advanced metal materials is only a few millimeters, the size requirement of the advanced metal materials is very small compared with that of national standard tensile tests, and the tensile mechanical properties are difficult to test by adopting an accurate testing method, so that scientific and technical researches are influenced.
The first condition for successful tensile test is the need for a suitable clamping device, and how to design an effective clamping device is important for obtaining an accurate stress-strain curve of the tensile test of the test sample. At present, the national standard of tensile test is used as a reference to ensure measurement accuracy, and the method mainly comprises the steps of using a universal material tester to measure strain in an elastic deformation stage by using an extensometer, such as' GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test part 1: room temperature test method ", which requires the length dimension of the test specimen to be no less than 120mm, but conventional jigs are difficult to perform a tensile test for a micro-test specimen of about several millimeters; some expensive equipment such as a thermal simulation testing machine cannot meet the requirement of stretching size of a few millimeters even though the size of a sample to be tested is relatively small, and is mainly used for testing at high temperature although a precise deformation instrument is also arranged, so that the stretching test at normal temperature is difficult to realize and the equipment is easy to damage; some test devices can perform tensile mechanical property test, but the test is unstable, such as a metal material miniature tensile sample mechanical property test device (CN 201810252317.2), and the test device has no guide positioning structure in the working process and cannot guarantee the stability of a test sample; some testing devices also have the defect that the precision is difficult to ensure, such as the 'stretching for Al and Al alloy sheet-shaped miniature samples' (CN 201810769725.5) patent technology, and the testing range and the testing precision are reduced by not using an extensometer in the testing process.
In summary, the existing tensile property testing equipment for advanced metal materials has the disadvantages of high cost, complex structure, complex maintenance, low precision and limited universality, and brings great inconvenience to the design and research and development of the advanced metal materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and aims to provide the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro plate sample, which has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, and is used for the tensile test of the micro plate sample, and the clamping device has good stability, strong universality and high precision.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the clamping device for the miniature plate sample tensile test (hereinafter referred to as a clamping device) consists of an upper clamping block, a positioning ruler, a recording paper tape, a recording pen, a paper tape compression screw, a lower baffle plate, a lower clamping block, an extensometer, 2 compression springs, 2 guide posts, 2 clamping springs and an upper baffle plate.
The upper clamping block is an integral body composed of a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod; the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are the same straight line; the horizontal rod piece is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod piece is flush with the lower end face of the small rectangular block.
The center of mass of the large rectangular block is provided with a clamping block positioning hole, and the lower right corner of the large rectangular block is provided with a positioning ruler fixing screw hole.
A sample positioning groove is arranged upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block, and is positioned at the middle position of the front side surface of the small rectangular block; the plane shape of the sample positioning groove is in a side view of the funnel, and the depth of the sample positioning groove is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block.
The two sides of the lower end face of the small rectangular block are symmetrically provided with guide holes, the depth of each guide hole is 0.65-0.75 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of each guide hole and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.6-0.7 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block.
And a grinding area is arranged above the sample positioning groove of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole is formed right above the grinding area.
A positioning datum line is arranged near the left end of the horizontal rod, a paper tape sliding groove is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal rod, the paper tape sliding groove is a rectangular groove, the groove width is 0.6-0.8 mm, and the groove depth is 5-10 mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole and a recording pen fixing screw hole are respectively arranged at the paper tape sliding groove of the upper clamping block; the recording pen positioning screw hole is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole is positioned between the paper tape sliding groove and the front side surface of the horizontal rod, and the central line of the recording pen fixing screw hole is intersected with and mutually perpendicular to the central line of the recording pen positioning screw hole.
The shape and structure of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are symmetrical.
The structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro plate sample is as follows: 2 guide posts are respectively arranged in the corresponding guide holes of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, and the outer diameter of the guide posts is the same as the nominal size of the inner diameter of the guide holes; the positioning ruler is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block through a screw and a positioning ruler fixing screw hole, and scale marks of the positioning ruler are parallel to a positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block; one end of the recording paper tape is fixed in the paper tape chute of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block through the paper tape compression screw.
Before the clamping device is subjected to tensile test, the compression springs are respectively arranged in the 2 sample positioning grooves, the outer ends of the 2 compression springs are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle plate and the corresponding lower baffle plate, and the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block and the corresponding lower clamping block through screws.
Two blade feet of the extensometer are fixed at the surface centers of the respective frosted areas of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block through clamping springs respectively; the serial terminal of the output signal line of the extensometer is externally connected with the control port of the workbench of the universal material testing machine.
The opening width H, the groove width length L and the inclination angle alpha of the sample positioning groove meet the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
10°≤α≤35°。
the opening width H of the sample positioning groove (13) is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the micro plate sample (25) to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 2-3 times of the thickness of the micro plate sample (25) to be measured;
the micro plate sample (25) to be tested: the length is 4.5-12 mm; the width of the waist is 1.1-1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.0-1.3 mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 5-10 KN.
The preloading load of the universal material testing machine is 10-20N when the clamping device is at the initial position.
The using method of the clamping device comprises the following steps:
step one, a serial terminal of an output signal wire of an extensometer in a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test is connected to a control port of a workbench of a universal material testing machine.
And step two, loading the micro plate sample to be measured into sample positioning grooves in the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, respectively loading the micro plate sample into the compression springs, respectively blocking the compression springs by the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate, and finally fixing the upper baffle plate and the lower baffle plate.
And thirdly, sequentially loading a recording paper tape and a recording pen.
And fourthly, fixing the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block on a workbench and a movable cross beam corresponding to the universal material testing machine through respective clamping block positioning holes, and adjusting the initial position of the clamping device through the movable cross beam.
And fifthly, fixing two blade feet of the extensometer at the surface centers of the respective frosted areas of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block through clamping springs respectively, and then respectively perpendicular the positioning ruler with the positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block.
Step six, inputting tensile test parameters: the length, width and thickness of the micro plate sample to be measured are then set to the loading speed of the universal material testing machine and the deformation of the extensometer.
Starting the universal material testing machine, and taking down the extensometer when the extensometer reaches a set value of the deformation; and continuing the tensile test until the micro plate sample to be tested is damaged.
And step eight, data are stored, the clamping device is taken down, and the micro plate sample to be tested is taken out.
By adopting the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention adopts a split mechanical structure, the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam and the workbench corresponding to the universal material testing machine, and the invention has convenient installation and strong universality.
The upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are both provided with the guide holes, the guide holes are internally provided with the guide columns, and the guide columns and the guide holes are in transition fit, so that the structure is simple, and the stability is good.
The upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are respectively provided with the frosted areas so as to be connected with the blade feet of the extensometer, thereby ensuring that the extensometer cannot slip in the use process and improving the measurement precision; meanwhile, the gauge length interval of the extensometer covers the whole length of the micro plate sample to be measured, so that the deformation area of the micro plate sample to be measured in the test process can be completely monitored by the extensometer, and the extensometer has good stability and high measurement accuracy.
The sample positioning grooves of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are provided with the compression springs and the corresponding lower baffle and upper baffle, and the compression springs are adopted to position the micro plate sample to be measured, so that the stability is good and the measurement accuracy is high.
The positioning ruler is perpendicular to the positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block, the length change of the micro plate sample to be measured can be directly observed through the movement of the positioning datum line along with the loading of the micro plate sample to be measured in the test process, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The invention is provided with the recording pen, and the displacement change of the micro plate sample to be tested in the test process until the micro plate sample breaks can be marked through the recording paper tape, so that the structure is simple and the cost is low.
The two wings of the sample positioning groove adopt slope surfaces with a certain inclination angle alpha, so that the deflection generated by the tensile deformation of the sample clamping area of the miniature plate to be tested is reduced, and the stability of the sample clamping area of the miniature plate to be tested is enhanced; different inclination angles alpha can be properly selected for the micro plate samples to be measured with different thicknesses, and a self-locking phenomenon can be generated, so that the measurement precision of the micro plate samples to be measured is ensured.
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, and is used for the tensile test of the micro plate sample with good stability, strong universality and high precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the upper clamp block 1 in fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial schematic view of I in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the application state of FIG. 1;
the solid line in fig. 7 is a stress-strain curve measured using fig. 6;
the solid line in fig. 8 is another stress-strain curve measured using fig. 6;
the solid line in fig. 9 is yet another stress-strain curve measured using fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the drawings and the detailed description which follow, without limiting the scope thereof.
Example 1
A clamping device (hereinafter referred to as clamping device) for a miniature plate sample tensile test. The structure of the clamping device is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the clamping device consists of an upper clamping block 1, a positioning ruler 2, a recording paper tape 3, a recording pen 4, a paper tape compression screw 5, a lower baffle plate 6, a lower clamping block 7, an extensometer 8, 2 compression springs 9,2 guide posts 10, 2 clamping springs 11 and an upper baffle plate 12.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the upper clamping block 1 is an integral body composed of a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod, wherein the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are in the same straight line; the horizontal rod piece is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod piece is flush with the lower end face of the small rectangular block.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the center of mass of the large rectangular block is provided with a clamping block positioning hole 17, and the lower right corner of the large rectangular block is provided with a positioning ruler fixing screw hole 18.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a sample positioning groove 13 is arranged upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block, and the sample positioning groove 13 is positioned at the middle position of the front side surface of the small rectangular block; the plane shape of the sample positioning groove 13 is in a side view of a funnel, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.3 times the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4, the two sides of the lower end surface of the small rectangular block are symmetrically provided with guide holes 14, the depth of each guide hole 14 is 0.65 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of each guide hole 14 and the front side surface of the small rectangular block is 0.6 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.3 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a grinding area 15 is arranged above the sample positioning groove 13 of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole 16 is arranged right above the grinding area 15.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a positioning datum line 19 is arranged near the left end of the horizontal rod, a paper tape chute 20 is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal rod, the paper tape chute 20 is a rectangular groove, the groove width is 0.6mm, and the groove depth is 5mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole 21 and a recording pen fixing screw hole 22 are respectively arranged on the paper tape chute 20 of the upper clamping block 1; the recording pen positioning screw hole 21 is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole 22 is positioned between the paper tape chute 20 and the front side surface of the horizontal rod, and the central line of the recording pen fixing screw hole 22 is intersected with and mutually perpendicular to the central line of the recording pen positioning screw hole 21.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper and lower clamp blocks 1 and 7 are symmetrical in shape and structure to each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro plate sample has a structure that 2 guide posts 10 are respectively arranged in guide holes 14 corresponding to an upper clamping block 1 and a lower clamping block 7, and the nominal sizes of the outer diameters of the guide posts 10 and the inner diameters of the guide holes 14 are the same; the positioning ruler 2 is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7 through a screw and a positioning ruler fixing screw hole 18, and scale marks of the positioning ruler 2 are parallel to a positioning datum line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7; one end of the recording paper tape 3 is fixed in the paper tape sliding groove 20 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7 through the paper tape pressing screw 5.
As shown in fig. 2, before the tensile test is performed on the clamping device, the compression springs 9 are respectively installed in the 2 sample positioning grooves 13, the outer ends of the 2 compression springs 9 are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6, and the upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6 are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block 1 and the corresponding lower clamping block 7 through screws.
As shown in fig. 2 and 6, two blade feet of the extensometer 8 are respectively fixed at the surface center of the frosted area 15 of each of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 through clamping springs, and a serial port terminal of an output signal line of the extensometer 8 is externally connected with a control port of a workbench of the universal material testing machine.
As shown in fig. 5, the opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 15 deg..
The opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 2 times the thickness of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured.
The micro sheet material sample 25 to be measured has the following geometric dimensions: the length is 12mm; the width of the waist is 1.2mm; the thickness was 1.2mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 5KN.
The preload of the universal material testing machine is 10N when the clamping device is at the initial position.
The use state of the clamping device is shown in fig. 6, and the use method of the clamping device is as follows:
step one, a serial terminal of an output signal line of an extensometer 8 in a clamping device (hereinafter referred to as a clamping device) for a miniature plate sample tensile test is connected to a control port of a workbench 23 corresponding to a universal material testing machine.
And step two, loading the micro plate sample 25 to be measured into sample positioning grooves 13 in the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7, respectively loading the micro plate sample into the compression springs 9, respectively blocking the corresponding compression springs 9 by the upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6, and finally fixing the upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6.
The micro plate sample 25 to be measured in this embodiment is made of niobium-containing low carbon steel.
And thirdly, sequentially loading the recording paper tape 3 and the recording pen 4.
And fourthly, fixing the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 on a workbench 23 and a movable cross beam 24 corresponding to the universal material testing machine through respective clamping block positioning holes 17, and adjusting the initial position of the clamping device through the movable cross beam 24.
And fifthly, two blade feet of the extensometer 8 are respectively fixed at the center of the surface of the respective frosted areas 15 of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 through clamping springs, and then the positioning ruler 2 is respectively perpendicular to the positioning datum line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7.
Step six, inputting tensile test parameters: the length, width and thickness of the microplate sample 25 to be tested are then set to the loading speed of the universal material tester and the deflection of the extensometer 8.
Starting the universal material testing machine, and taking down the extensometer 8 when the extensometer 8 reaches a set value of the deformation; the tensile test is continued until the microplate sample 25 to be tested is destroyed.
And step eight, data are saved, the clamping device is taken down, and the micro plate sample 25 to be tested is taken out.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro sheet material sample 25 to be tested measured in this example is shown as a solid line in fig. 7 (the same niobium-containing low carbon steel material, the stress-strain curve obtained by tensile test according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010 is shown as a stippled line in fig. 7), and it can be seen from fig. 7: the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the micro plate sample 25 to be tested using the clamping device described in example 1 is more consistent with the result of the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the national standard sample, and the test result is accurate.
Example 2
A clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test. The structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro plate sample is the same as that of example 1 except for the following technical parameters:
the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.35 times the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The depth of the guide hole 14 is 0.7 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of the guide hole 14 and the front side surface of the small rectangular block is 0.65 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.35 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The paper tape chute 20 is a rectangular chute with a chute width of 0.7mm and a chute depth of 8mm.
The opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 20 deg..
The opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 3 times the thickness of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured.
The micro sheet material sample 25 to be measured has the following geometric dimensions: the length is 8mm; the width of the waist is 1.2mm; the thickness was 1.0mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 8KN.
The preload of the universal material testing machine is 15N when the clamping device is in the initial position.
This example was used in the same manner as in example 1, except that the microplate sample 25 to be tested was used:
the micro plate sample 25 to be measured is made of heat-treated austenitic stainless steel.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro sheet material sample 25 to be tested measured in this example is shown by a solid line in fig. 8 (the stress-strain curve obtained by performing a tensile test on the same heat treated austenitic stainless steel material according to the national standard requirements of GB/T228.1-2010 is shown by a stippled line in fig. 8), and it can be seen from fig. 8: the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the micro plate sample 25 to be tested using the clamping device described in example 2 is more consistent with the result of the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the national standard sample, and the test result is accurate.
Example 3
A clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test.
The structure for the tensile test of the micro sheet sample was the same as in example 1, except for the following technical parameters:
the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.4 times the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The depth of the guide hole 14 is 0.75 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of the guide hole 14 and the front side surface of the small rectangular block is 0.7 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The paper tape chute 20 is a rectangular chute with a chute width of 0.8mm and a chute depth of 10mm.
The opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 30 deg..
The opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 2-3 times of the thickness of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured.
The micro sheet material sample 25 to be measured has the following geometric dimensions: the length is 4.5mm; the width of the waist is 1.1mm; the thickness was 1.3mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 10KN.
The preload of the universal material testing machine is 20N when the clamping device is in the initial position.
This example was used in the same manner as in example 1, except that the microplate sample 25 to be tested was used:
the micro plate sample 25 to be tested is made of high manganese steel prepared on a thermal simulation testing machine.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro sheet material sample 25 to be tested measured in this example is shown as a solid line in fig. 9, which is similar to the solid line in fig. 7 and 8, and shows that the test result is accurate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention adopts a split mechanical structure, the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam 24 and the workbench 23 corresponding to the universal material testing machine, and the invention has convenient installation and strong universality.
The upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are provided with the guide holes 14, the guide columns 10 are arranged in the guide holes 14, and the guide columns 10 and the guide holes 14 are in transition fit, so that the structure is simple, and the stability is good.
The upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are respectively provided with the frosted areas 15 so as to be connected with the blade feet of the extensometer 8, thereby ensuring that the extensometer 8 cannot slip in the use process and improving the measurement precision; meanwhile, the gauge length interval of the extensometer 8 covers the whole length of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured, so that the deformation area of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured in the test process can be completely monitored by the extensometer 8, and the extensometer is good in stability and high in measurement accuracy.
The sample positioning grooves 13 of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are provided with the compression springs 9 and the corresponding lower baffle 6 and upper baffle 12, and the compression springs 9 are adopted to position the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured, so that the stability is good and the measurement precision is high.
The positioning ruler 2 is perpendicular to the positioning datum line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7, the micro plate sample 25 to be measured can be directly observed to change the length of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured through the movement of the positioning ruler 2 along with the loading in the test process, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The invention is provided with the recording pen 4, and the displacement change of the micro plate sample 25 to be detected in the test process until the micro plate sample breaks can be marked through the recording paper tape 3, so that the structure is simple and the cost is low.
According to the invention, the two wings of the sample positioning groove 13 adopt slope surfaces with a certain inclination angle alpha, so that the deflection generated by the tensile deformation of the clamping area of the micro plate sample 25 to be tested is reduced, and the stability of the clamping area of the micro plate sample 25 to be tested is enhanced; different inclination angles alpha can be properly selected for the micro plate samples 25 to be measured with different thicknesses, and a self-locking phenomenon can be generated, so that the measurement precision of the micro plate samples 25 to be measured is ensured. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, and is used for the stability, the strong universality and the high precision of the tensile test of the micro plate sample.
Claims (3)
1. The clamping device for the miniature plate sample tensile test is characterized by comprising an upper clamping block (1), a positioning ruler (2), a recording paper tape (3), a recording pen (4), a paper tape compression screw (5), a lower baffle plate (6), a lower clamping block (7), an extensometer (8), 2 compression springs (9), 2 guide posts (10), 2 clamping springs (11) and an upper baffle plate (12);
the upper clamping block (1) is an integral body formed by a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod, the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are the same straight line; the horizontal rod is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod is flush with the lower end surface of the small rectangular block;
the center of mass of the large rectangular block is provided with a clamping block positioning hole (17), and the lower right corner of the large rectangular block is provided with a positioning ruler fixing screw hole (18);
a sample positioning groove (13) is arranged upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block, and the sample positioning groove (13) is positioned at the middle position of the front side surface of the small rectangular block; the plane shape of the sample positioning groove (13) is in a side view of a funnel, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block (1);
guide holes (14) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the lower end face of the small rectangular block, the depth of each guide hole (14) is 0.65-0.75 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of each guide hole (14) and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.6-0.7 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block (1);
a grinding area (15) is arranged above the sample positioning groove (13) of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole (16) is formed right above the grinding area (15);
a positioning datum line (19) is arranged near the left end of the horizontal rod，The tail end of the horizontal rod is provided with a paper tape chute (20), the paper tape chute (20) is a rectangular groove, the width of the groove is 0.6-0.8 mm, and the depth of the groove is 5-10 mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole (21) and a recording pen fixing screw hole (22) are respectively arranged on the paper tape chute (20) of the upper clamping block (1); the recording pen positioning screw hole (21) is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole (22) is positioned between the paper tape chute (20) and the front side surface of the horizontal rod, and the central line of the recording pen fixing screw hole (22) is intersected with and mutually perpendicular to the central line of the recording pen positioning screw hole (21);
the shape and the structure of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) are symmetrical;
the structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro plate sample is as follows: 2 guide posts (10) are respectively arranged in guide holes (14) corresponding to the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), and the nominal sizes of the outer diameter of the guide posts (10) and the inner diameter of the guide holes (14) are the same; the positioning ruler (2) is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7) through a screw and a positioning ruler fixing screw hole (18), and scale marks of the positioning ruler (2) are parallel to positioning datum lines (19) of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7); one end of the recording paper tape (3) is fixed in a paper tape chute (20) of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7) through a paper tape compression screw (5);
the 2 sample positioning grooves (13) are respectively provided with compression springs (9), the outer ends of the 2 compression springs (9) are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle plate (12) and the lower baffle plate (6), and the upper baffle plate (12) and the lower baffle plate (6) are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block (1) and the corresponding lower clamping block (7) through screws;
two blade feet of the extensometer (8) are respectively fixed at the surface centers of the respective frosted areas (15) of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) through clamping springs (11).
2. The clamping device for a tensile test of a micro sheet material specimen according to claim 1, wherein the opening width H, the groove width length L and the inclination angle α of the specimen positioning groove (13) satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)，
10°≤α≤35°；
the opening width H of the sample positioning groove (13) is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the micro plate sample (25) to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 2-3 times of the thickness of the micro plate sample (25) to be measured.
3. Clamping device for the tensile test of micro-panel samples according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the micro-panel samples (25): the length is 4.5-12 mm; the width of the waist is 1.1-1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.0-1.3 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210245240.2A CN114813319B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210245240.2A CN114813319B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test |
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| CN114813319B true CN114813319B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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| CN114813319A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
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