CN114813319A - Clamping device for micro plate sample tensile test - Google Patents
Clamping device for micro plate sample tensile test Download PDFInfo
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- CN114813319A CN114813319A CN202210245240.2A CN202210245240A CN114813319A CN 114813319 A CN114813319 A CN 114813319A CN 202210245240 A CN202210245240 A CN 202210245240A CN 114813319 A CN114813319 A CN 114813319A
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- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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Abstract
The invention relates to a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test. The technical scheme is as follows: 2 guide columns (10) are respectively arranged in guide holes (14) corresponding to the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), and two cutter blade feet of the extensometer (8) are respectively fixed at the surface centers of respective frosting areas (15) of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) through clamping springs (11); the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) are fixed on a workbench (23) and a movable cross beam (24) corresponding to the universal material testing machine, and a serial port terminal of an output signal wire of the extensometer (8) is externally connected with a control port of the workbench of the universal material testing machine. During testing, a micro plate sample (25) to be tested is arranged in a sample positioning groove (13) in the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), and is respectively arranged in the compression springs (9), so that the upper baffle (12) and the lower baffle (6) are respectively blocked by the corresponding compression springs (9). The invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, convenient maintenance, good test stability, strong universality and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of clamping devices for tensile tests. In particular to a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, the existing metal materials have been unable to meet the requirements of high-end fields, so that technicians are keen in designing and developing advanced metal materials with higher strength, and the tensile mechanical property test is one of effective methods for inspecting the advanced metal materials. The demand of advanced metal materials such as metal matrix composite materials, high-entropy alloys and the like leads advanced forming methods such as powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, composite smelting, high-precision forging and rolling and the like to be generated. However, these preparation methods mostly stay in the laboratory test stage, and the raw material and treatment process costs are expensive, so that many advanced metal materials have small size and few batches and cannot meet the size requirement of the national standard tensile test, and the tensile mechanical property test is difficult to perform. As reported in the literature (Zhuwen Tan, Chua Qingshan, Wangjianning, Liuwensheng, Mayun column, organization and mechanical properties [ J ] of 90W-7Ni-3Fe/30CrMnSiNi2A structure composite material prepared by powder metallurgy co-sintering, Chinese non-ferrous metals academic report, 2021, 31 (7): 1737-; as reported in the literature (K.B.Nie, X.J.Wang, K.Wu, X.S.Hu, M.Y.Zheng, L.Xu.Microstructure and tension properties of micro-SiC partially reinforced Magnesium composite [ J ] Materials Science and engineering A,2011,528:8709-8714), the metal matrix composite prepared by the composite stirring and casting method is difficult to detect the tensile properties with the dimensions required by the national standards when testing the mechanical properties; some advanced metal materials are prepared by means of a thermal simulation testing machine, the size of the obtained advanced metal material is only a few millimeters, the size requirement of the obtained advanced metal material is very small compared with the size requirement of a national standard tensile test, an accurate testing method is difficult to test the tensile mechanical property, and scientific and technical research is influenced.
The primary condition for successfully performing the tensile test is that a proper clamping device is needed, and how to design an effective clamping device is very important for obtaining an accurate stress-strain curve of the tensile test of the sample to be tested. At present, the national standard of a tensile test is mostly used as reference to ensure the measurement accuracy, and the method mainly comprises the steps that a universal material testing machine is matched with an extensometer to measure the strain of an elastic deformation stage, for example, part 1 of the GB/T228.1-2010 metal material tensile test: room temperature test method ", it requires the length dimension of the sample to be measured to be not less than 120mm, but for the miniature sample of about several millimeters, the conventional clamp is difficult to accomplish the tensile test; some expensive devices such as a thermal simulation testing machine cannot meet the requirement of a tensile size of several millimeters although the size of a sample to be tested is relatively small, and are mainly used for testing at high temperature although a precise deformation instrument is also equipped, so that the tensile testing at normal temperature is difficult to realize and the devices are easy to damage; some testing devices can test the tensile mechanical property, but the test is unstable, for example, a testing device for the mechanical property of a metal material micro tensile sample (CN201810252317.2), the testing device has no guiding and positioning structure in the working process, and the stability of the sample to be tested cannot be guaranteed; some testing devices also have the defect that the precision is difficult to ensure, such as 'a drawing for Al and Al alloy sheet micro-samples' (CN201810769725.5) patent technology, and a extensometer is not used in the testing process to reduce the testing range and the testing precision.
In summary, the existing tensile property testing equipment for the advanced metal material has the disadvantages of high cost, complex structure, complex maintenance, low precision and limited universality, and brings great inconvenience to the design and research and development of the advanced metal material.
Disclosure of Invention
The clamping device for the micro plate sample tensile test is simple in structure, low in cost and convenient to maintain, and has good stability, strong universality and high precision when used for the micro plate sample tensile test.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the clamping device (hereinafter referred to as the clamping device) for the miniature plate sample tensile test is composed of an upper clamping block, a positioning ruler, a recording paper tape, a recording pen, a paper tape compression screw, a lower baffle, a lower clamping block, an extensometer, 2 compression springs, 2 guide columns, 2 clamping springs and an upper baffle.
The upper clamping block is an integral body consisting of a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod; the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are the same straight line; and the horizontal rod piece is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod piece is flush with the lower end face of the small rectangular block.
The mass center of the large rectangular block is provided with a clamping block positioning hole, and the lower right corner of the large rectangular block is provided with a positioning rule fixing screw hole.
A sample positioning groove is formed upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block and is positioned in the middle of the front side face of the small rectangular block; the planar shape of sample constant head tank is the funnel and looks the form, and the degree of depth of sample constant head tank is 0.3 ~ 0.4 times of last clamp splice thickness.
The lower end face of the small rectangular block is symmetrically provided with guide holes in two sides, the depth of each guide hole is 0.65-0.75 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the central line of each guide hole and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.6-0.7 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture of each guide hole is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block.
And a frosting area is arranged above the sample positioning groove of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole is formed right above the frosting area.
A positioning datum line is arranged at the left end close to the horizontal rod, a paper tape sliding groove is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal rod, the paper tape sliding groove is a rectangular groove, the groove width is 0.6-0.8 mm, and the groove depth is 5-10 mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole and a recording pen fixing screw hole are respectively formed in the paper tape sliding groove of the upper clamping block; the recording pen positioning screw hole is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole is positioned between the paper tape sliding groove and the front side face of the horizontal rod, and the center line of the recording pen fixing screw hole is intersected with and perpendicular to the center line of the recording pen positioning screw hole.
The shapes and the structures of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are mutually symmetrical.
The structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the miniature plate sample is as follows: 2 guide posts are respectively arranged in guide holes corresponding to the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, and the nominal sizes of the outer diameter of each guide post and the inner diameter of each guide hole are the same; the positioning ruler is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block through a screw and a positioning ruler fixing screw hole, and a scale mark of the positioning ruler is parallel to a positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block; one end of the recording paper tape is fixed in the paper tape sliding groove of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block through a paper tape compression screw.
Before the clamping device is used for a tensile test, 2 sample positioning grooves are respectively provided with a compression spring, the outer ends of the 2 compression springs are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle and the corresponding lower baffle, and the upper baffle and the lower baffle are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block and the corresponding lower clamping block through screws.
Two knife edge feet of the extensometer are respectively fixed at the center of the respective frosted area surfaces of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block through clamping springs; and a serial port terminal of an output signal wire of the extensometer is externally connected with a control port of a workbench of the universal material testing machine.
The opening width H, the groove width length L and the inclination angle alpha of the sample positioning groove satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
10°≤α≤35°。
the nominal size of the opening width H of the sample positioning groove (13) is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the miniature plate sample (25) to be detected, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 2-3 times of the thickness of the miniature plate sample (25) to be detected;
the miniature plate sample (25) to be detected: the length is 4.5-12 mm; the waist width is 1.1-1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.0 to 1.3 mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 5-10 KN.
The pre-loading load of the universal material testing machine is 10-20N when the clamping device is at the initial position.
The use method of the clamping device comprises the following steps:
step one, connecting a serial port terminal of an output signal wire of an extensometer in a clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test to a control port of a universal material testing machine workbench.
And step two, placing the micro plate sample to be detected into sample positioning grooves in the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block, then respectively placing the micro plate sample into the compression springs, respectively blocking the compression springs by the upper baffle and the lower baffle, and finally fixing the upper baffle and the lower baffle.
And step three, sequentially loading a recording paper tape and a recording pen.
And step four, fixing the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block on a workbench and a movable cross beam corresponding to the universal material testing machine through respective clamping block positioning holes, and adjusting the initial position of the clamping device through the movable cross beam.
And step five, fixing two cutter blade feet of the extensometer at the center of the surface of the respective frosted area of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block through clamping springs respectively, and then enabling the positioning ruler to be perpendicular to the positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block respectively.
Step six, inputting tensile test parameters: and (3) setting the length, the width and the thickness of the micro-plate sample to be tested, and then setting the loading speed of the universal material testing machine and the deformation of the extensometer.
Step seven, starting the universal material testing machine, and taking down the extensometer when the extensometer reaches a set value of the deformation; and continuing to perform the tensile test until the micro plate sample to be tested is damaged.
And step eight, storing the data, taking down the clamping device, and taking out the micro plate sample to be tested.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention adopts a split type mechanical structure, the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam and the workbench corresponding to the universal material testing machine, the installation is convenient, and the universality is strong.
The upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are provided with guide holes, guide columns are arranged in the guide holes, and the guide columns and the guide holes are in transition fit, so that the structure is simple, and the stability is good.
The upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are respectively provided with the frosted areas so as to be connected with the cutting edge foot of the extensometer, so that the extensometer is ensured not to slip in the use process, and the measurement precision is improved; meanwhile, the full length of the miniature plate sample to be measured is covered in the gauge length region of the extensometer, the deformation region of the miniature plate sample to be measured in the test process can be monitored by the extensometer, the stability is good, and the measurement precision is high.
The sample positioning grooves of the upper clamping block and the lower clamping block are provided with the compression springs and the corresponding lower baffle and upper baffle, and the compression springs are adopted to position the micro plate sample to be measured, so that the stability is good, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The positioning ruler is perpendicular to the positioning datum line of the upper clamping block or the lower clamping block, the length change of the micro plate sample to be measured can be directly observed through the movement of the positioning datum line along with the loading in the test process, and the measurement precision is high.
The test device is provided with the recording pen, displacement change of the micro plate sample to be tested until the micro plate sample is broken in the test process can be marked through the recording paper tape, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.
Two wings of the sample positioning groove adopt slopes with a certain inclination angle alpha, so that the deflection generated by the tensile deformation of the clamping area of the miniature plate sample to be detected is reduced, and the stability of the clamping area of the miniature plate sample to be detected can be enhanced; aiming at the micro plate samples to be measured with different thicknesses, different inclination angles alpha can be properly selected, and a self-locking phenomenon can be generated, so that the measurement precision of the micro plate samples to be measured is ensured.
Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, and has good stability, strong universality and high precision when being used for the tensile test of the miniature plate sample.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the upper clamping block 1 in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial schematic view of I of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the application state of FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph of stress versus strain taken from FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a solid line of another stress-strain curve measured using FIG. 6;
the solid line in fig. 9 is yet another stress-strain curve measured using fig. 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description, without limiting its scope.
Example 1
A clamping device (hereinafter referred to as clamping device) for a micro-sheet sample tensile test. The structure of the clamping device is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and the clamping device consists of an upper clamping block 1, a positioning ruler 2, a recording paper tape 3, a recording pen 4, a paper tape compression screw 5, a lower baffle 6, a lower clamping block 7, an extensometer 8, 2 compression springs 9, 2 guide posts 10, 2 clamping springs 11 and an upper baffle 12.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the upper clamping block 1 is an integral body consisting of a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod, the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are the same straight line; and the horizontal rod piece is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod piece is flush with the lower end face of the small rectangular block.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a clamping block positioning hole 17 is formed in the centroid of the large rectangular block, and a positioning rule fixing screw hole 18 is formed in the lower right corner of the large rectangular block.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a sample positioning groove 13 is formed upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block, and the sample positioning groove 13 is located in the middle of the front side surface of the small rectangular block; the planar shape of the sample positioning groove 13 is funnel-shaped side view, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.3 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the two sides of the lower end surface of the small rectangular block are symmetrically provided with guide holes 14, the depth of each guide hole 14 is 0.65 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of each guide hole 14 and the front side surface of the small rectangular block is 0.6 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.3 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a frosted area 15 is arranged above the sample positioning groove 13 of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole 16 is arranged right above the frosted area 15.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, a positioning reference line 19 is arranged at the left end close to the horizontal rod, a paper tape sliding groove 20 is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal rod, the paper tape sliding groove 20 is a rectangular groove, the groove width is 0.6mm, and the groove depth is 5 mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole 21 and a recording pen fixing screw hole 22 are respectively arranged at the paper tape sliding groove 20 of the upper clamping block 1; the recording pen positioning screw hole 21 is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole 22 is positioned between the paper tape sliding groove 20 and the front side surface of the horizontal rod, and the center line of the recording pen fixing screw hole 22 is intersected with and perpendicular to the center line of the recording pen positioning screw hole 21.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the upper and lower clamping blocks 1 and 7 are symmetrical in shape and structure to each other.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the clamping device for the micro-slab sample tensile test has a structure that 2 guide posts 10 are respectively arranged in guide holes 14 corresponding to an upper clamping block 1 and a lower clamping block 7, and the nominal sizes of the outer diameter of each guide post 10 and the inner diameter of each guide hole 14 are the same; the positioning rule 2 is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7 through a screw and a positioning rule fixing screw hole 18, and a scale mark of the positioning rule 2 is parallel to a positioning datum line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7; one end of the recording paper tape 3 is fixed in a paper tape sliding groove 20 of the upper clamp block 1 or the lower clamp block 7 through a paper tape compression screw 5.
As shown in fig. 2, before the clamping device is subjected to a tensile test, 2 sample positioning grooves 13 are respectively provided with a compression spring 9, the outer ends of 2 compression springs 9 are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle 12 and the corresponding lower baffle 6, and the upper baffle 12 and the lower baffle 6 are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block 1 and the corresponding lower clamping block 7 through screws.
As shown in fig. 2 and 6, two blade legs of the extensometer 8 are respectively fixed at the center of the surface of the respective frosted area 15 of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 through clamping springs, and a serial port terminal of an output signal wire of the extensometer 8 is externally connected with a control port of a universal material tester workbench.
As shown in fig. 5, the opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following equation:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 15 deg..
The nominal size of the opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the miniature plate sample 25 to be measured, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 2 times of the thickness of the miniature plate sample 25 to be measured.
The geometric dimension of the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured is as follows: the length is 12 mm; the waist width is 1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.2 mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 5 KN.
The preloading load of the universal material testing machine is 10N when the clamping device is in the initial position.
The using state of the clamping device is shown in fig. 6, and the using method of the clamping device comprises the following steps:
step one, a serial port terminal of an output signal wire of an extensometer 8 in a clamping device (hereinafter referred to as a clamping device) for a miniature plate sample tensile test is connected to a control port of a workbench 23 corresponding to the universal material testing machine.
And step two, the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected is arranged in the sample positioning groove 13 in the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7, then the miniature plate sample is respectively arranged in the compression springs 9, then the upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6 respectively block the corresponding compression springs 9, and finally the upper baffle plate 12 and the lower baffle plate 6 are fixed.
The material of the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured in this embodiment is low carbon steel containing niobium.
And step three, sequentially loading the recording paper tape 3 and the recording pen 4.
And step four, fixing the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 on a workbench 23 and a movable cross beam 24 corresponding to the universal material testing machine through respective clamping block positioning holes 17, and adjusting the initial position of the clamping device through the movable cross beam 24.
And step five, fixing two blade feet of the extensometer 8 at the center of the surface of the respective frosted area 15 of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 through clamping springs respectively, and then enabling the positioning ruler 2 to be perpendicular to the positioning reference line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7 respectively.
Step six, inputting tensile test parameters: the length, width and thickness of the micro-plate sample 25 to be tested are then set, and the loading speed of the universal material testing machine and the deformation of the extensometer 8 are set.
Step seven, starting the universal material testing machine, and taking down the extensometer 8 when the extensometer 8 reaches the set value of the deformation; the tensile test is continued until the micro-slab sample 25 to be tested is destroyed.
And step eight, storing the data, taking down the clamping device, and taking out the micro plate sample 25 to be tested.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro-plate sample 25 to be tested measured in this example is shown by the solid line in fig. 7 (the stress-strain curve obtained by performing the tensile test according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010 for the same niobium-containing low-carbon steel material is shown by the dotted line in fig. 7), and it can be seen from fig. 7 that: the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the micro-plate sample 25 to be tested by using the clamping device in the embodiment 1 is more consistent with the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the national standard sample, and the test result is accurate.
Example 2
A clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test. The structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the micro-slab sample is the same as that of the embodiment 1 except for the following technical parameters:
the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.35 times the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The depth of the guide hole 14 is 0.7 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of the guide hole 14 and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.65 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.35 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The paper tape sliding groove 20 is a rectangular groove, the width of the groove is 0.7mm, and the depth of the groove is 8 mm.
The opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following equation:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 20 deg..
The nominal size of the opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 3 times of the thickness of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected.
The geometric dimension of the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured is as follows: the length is 8 mm; the waist width is 1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.0 mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 8 KN.
The preloading load of the universal material testing machine is 15N when the clamping device is in the initial position.
The method of use of this example is the same as example 1 except for the microplate sample 25 to be tested:
the material of the miniature plate sample 25 to be measured is austenitic stainless steel after heat treatment.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro-plate sample 25 to be tested measured in this example is shown by the solid line in fig. 8 (the stress-strain curve obtained by performing the tensile test according to the national standard of GB/T228.1-2010 on the same heat-treated austenitic stainless steel material is shown by the dotted line in fig. 8), and it can be seen from fig. 8 that: the results of the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the to-be-tested miniature plate sample 25 by using the clamping device in the embodiment 2 are more consistent with the results of the stress-strain curve measured by the tensile test of the national standard sample, and the test results are accurate.
Example 3
A clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test.
The structure for the tensile test of the micro-slab specimens was identical to that of example 1, except for the following technical parameters:
the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 0.4 times the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The depth of the guide hole 14 is 0.75 times of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of the guide hole 14 and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.7 times of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block 1.
The paper tape sliding groove 20 is a rectangular groove, the width of the groove is 0.8mm, and the depth of the groove is 10 mm.
The opening width H, the groove width length L, and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove 13 satisfy the following equation:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)；
alpha is 30 deg..
The nominal size of the opening width H of the sample positioning groove 13 is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected, and the depth of the sample positioning groove 13 is 2-3 times of the thickness of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected.
The geometric dimension of the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured is as follows: the length is 4.5 mm; the waist width is 1.1 mm; the thickness is 1.3 mm.
The load capacity of the universal material testing machine is 10 KN.
The preloading load of the universal material testing machine when the clamping device is at the initial position is 20N.
The method of use of this example is the same as example 1 except for the microplate sample 25 to be tested:
the material of the miniature plate sample 25 to be tested is high manganese steel prepared on a thermal simulation testing machine.
The tensile stress-strain curve of the micro-slab sample 25 to be tested measured in this embodiment is shown by the solid line in fig. 9, and the tensile stress-strain curve is similar to the solid lines in fig. 7 and 8, which indicates that the test result is accurate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following positive effects:
the invention adopts a split type mechanical structure, the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are fixedly connected with the movable cross beam 24 and the workbench 23 corresponding to the universal material testing machine, the installation is convenient, and the universality is strong.
The upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are provided with the guide holes 14, the guide columns 10 are arranged in the guide holes 14, and the guide columns 10 and the guide holes 14 are in transition fit, so that the structure is simple and the stability is good.
The upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are respectively provided with the frosted areas 15 so as to be connected with the cutting edge feet of the extensometer 8, so that the extensometer 8 is prevented from slipping in the use process, and the measurement precision is improved; meanwhile, the gauge length interval of the extensometer 8 covers the full length of the miniature plate sample 25 to be measured, so that the deformation area of the miniature plate sample 25 to be measured in the test process can be monitored by the extensometer 8, the stability is good, and the measurement precision is high.
The sample positioning grooves 13 of the upper clamping block 1 and the lower clamping block 7 are provided with the compression springs 9 and the corresponding lower baffle 6 and upper baffle 12, the compression springs 9 are adopted to position the micro-plate sample 25 to be measured, and the micro-plate sample positioning device is good in stability and high in measurement accuracy.
The positioning ruler 2 is perpendicular to the positioning datum line 19 of the upper clamping block 1 or the lower clamping block 7, the length change of the micro plate sample 25 to be measured can be directly observed through the movement of the positioning ruler 2 along with the loading in the test process, and the measurement accuracy is high.
The test paper tape 3 is provided with the recording pen 4, can mark the displacement change of the micro plate sample 25 to be tested until the micro plate sample is broken in the test process, and has simple structure and low cost.
Two wings of the sample positioning groove 13 adopt slopes with a certain inclination angle alpha, so that the deflection generated by the tensile deformation of the clamping area of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected is reduced, and the stability of the clamping area of the miniature plate sample 25 to be detected can be enhanced; aiming at the micro plate samples 25 to be measured with different thicknesses, different inclination angles alpha can be properly selected, and a self-locking phenomenon can be generated, so that the measurement precision of the micro plate samples 25 to be measured is ensured. Therefore, the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost and convenient maintenance, and has good stability, strong universality and high precision when being used for the tensile test of the miniature plate sample.
Claims (3)
1. A clamping device for a miniature plate sample tensile test is characterized by consisting of an upper clamping block (1), a positioning ruler (2), a recording paper tape (3), a recording pen (4), a paper tape compression screw (5), a lower baffle (6), a lower clamping block (7), an extensometer (8), 2 compression springs (9), 2 guide posts (10), 2 clamping springs (11) and an upper baffle (12);
the upper clamping block (1) is an integral body consisting of a large rectangular block, a small rectangular block and a horizontal rod, the small rectangular block is positioned at the lower end of the large rectangular block, and the central lines of the large rectangular block and the small rectangular block are the same straight line; the horizontal rod piece is positioned on the right side of the small rectangular block, and the lower plane of the horizontal rod piece is flush with the lower end face of the small rectangular block;
a clamping block positioning hole (17) is formed in the mass center of the large rectangular block, and a positioning rule fixing screw hole (18) is formed in the lower right corner of the large rectangular block;
a sample positioning groove (13) is arranged upwards along the lower edge of the small rectangular block, and the sample positioning groove (13) is positioned in the middle of the front side surface of the small rectangular block; the plane shape of the sample positioning groove (13) is funnel-shaped side view, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 0.3-0.4 times of the thickness of the upper clamping block (1);
guide holes (14) are symmetrically formed in two sides of the lower end face of the small rectangular block, the depth of each guide hole (14) is 0.65-0.75 time of the height of the small rectangular block, the distance between the center line of each guide hole (14) and the front side face of the small rectangular block is 0.6-0.7 time of the thickness of the small rectangular block, and the aperture is 0.3-0.4 time of the thickness of the upper clamping block (1);
a frosting area (15) is arranged above the sample positioning groove (13) of the small rectangular block, and a baffle fixing screw hole (16) is formed right above the frosting area (15);
a positioning datum line (19) is arranged at the left end close to the horizontal rod, a paper tape sliding groove (20) is arranged at the tail end of the horizontal rod, the paper tape sliding groove (20) is a rectangular groove, the groove width is 0.6-0.8 mm, and the groove depth is 5-10 mm; a recording pen positioning screw hole (21) and a recording pen fixing screw hole (22) are respectively arranged at the paper tape sliding groove (20) of the upper clamping block (1); the recording pen positioning screw hole (21) is a through hole, the recording pen fixing screw hole (22) is positioned between the paper tape sliding groove (20) and the front side surface of the horizontal rod, and the center line of the recording pen fixing screw hole (22) is intersected with the center line of the recording pen positioning screw hole (21) and is mutually vertical;
the shapes and the structures of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) are mutually symmetrical;
the structure of the clamping device for the tensile test of the miniature plate sample is as follows: 2 guide posts (10) are respectively arranged in guide holes (14) corresponding to the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7), and the nominal sizes of the outer diameter of each guide post (10) and the inner diameter of each guide hole (14) are the same; the positioning ruler (2) is fixed on the front side surface of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7) through a screw and a positioning ruler fixing screw hole (18), and a scale mark of the positioning ruler (2) is parallel to a positioning reference line (19) of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7); one end of the recording paper tape (3) is fixed in a paper tape sliding groove (20) of the upper clamping block (1) or the lower clamping block (7) through a paper tape compression screw (5);
the 2 sample positioning grooves (13) are respectively provided with a compression spring (9), the outer ends of the 2 compression springs (9) are respectively contacted with the corresponding upper baffle (12) and the lower baffle (6), and the upper baffle (12) and the lower baffle (6) are respectively fixedly connected with the corresponding upper clamping block (1) and the corresponding lower clamping block (7) through screws;
two cutter blade feet of the extensometer (8) are respectively fixed at the surface centers of the respective frosting areas (15) of the upper clamping block (1) and the lower clamping block (7) through clamping springs (11).
2. The clamping device for the micro-slab sample tensile test according to claim 1, wherein the opening width H, the groove width length L and the inclination angle α of the sample positioning groove (13) satisfy the following formula:
L＞H·(5+3tanα)，
10°≤α≤35°；
the nominal size of the opening width H of the sample positioning groove (13) is the same as the nominal size of the waist width of the miniature plate sample (25) to be detected, and the depth of the sample positioning groove (13) is 2-3 times of the thickness of the miniature plate sample (25) to be detected.
3. The clamping device for the tensile test of a micro slab sample according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the micro slab sample (25): the length is 4.5-12 mm; the waist width is 1.1-1.2 mm; the thickness is 1.0 to 1.3 mm.
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| CN202210245240.2A CN114813319B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210245240.2A CN114813319B (en) | 2022-03-14 | 2022-03-14 | Clamping device for miniature plate sample tensile test |
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| CN114813319B CN114813319B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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| CN114813319B (en) | 2024-04-12 |
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