CN114810020A - Fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of cracks and application - Google Patents
Fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of cracks and application Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/62—Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
- C09K8/66—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/68—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/84—Compositions based on water or polar solvents
- C09K8/86—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds
- C09K8/88—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
- C09K8/885—Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of cracks and application thereof. The fracturing method adopts shear thickening slick water large-displacement seam construction; the shear thickening slickwater is prepared by a method comprising the following steps: mixing ethyl silicate, alcohol, water and ammonia water to obtain a solution A; stirring and hydrolyzing amino polyethylene glycol and a silane coupling agent to obtain a solution B; and step three, slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, adding a catalyst, stirring, carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling to obtain the shear thickening slickwater. The method of the invention can promote the flowing of the fracturing fluid in the shaft to the maximum extent, improve the net pressure in the fracture to the maximum extent, and further promote the increase of the complexity and the modification volume of the fracture. Thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum drilling, in particular to a fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of fractures and application thereof.
Background
At present, a horizontal underground bridge plug multi-cluster perforation staged fracturing technology for casing cementing is popularized and applied in sandstone, shale and coal bed gas on a large scale.
However, when fracturing construction is carried out by multiple clusters of shooting holes, it is difficult to ensure uniform initiation and extension of each cluster because: 1) generally, the horizontal shaft has a high target point A and a low target point B, and sometimes the height difference between the two is more than 400m, so that the ground stress of each cluster at an out-of-control position is uneven due to the height difference, the lower the ground stress closer to the target point A is, the easier the ground stress is to be pressed open, and the closer the ground stress is to the target point B is, the harder the ground stress is to be pressed open; 2) the flowing pressure drop exists when the fracturing fluid flows in the horizontal well cylinder, and the larger the discharge capacity is, the larger the viscosity is, and the larger the flowing pressure drop is. Obviously, the wellbore pressure near target a is also highest, and target B is lowest, so the fracture opening and extension degree also decreases step by step from target a to target B. The higher the ascending discharge capacity and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid are, the greater the extension differentiation degree of each cluster of cracks is, the smaller the induced stress formed by mutual interference of the cracks is, the more difficult the complex cracks are formed, and the modification volume is increased; 3) in the sand adding process, because the density difference between the propping agent and the fracturing fluid is generally more than 2-3 times, in other words, the flowing following performance of the propping agent and the fracturing fluid is poor, although the extension of the fracture close to the target point A is large, the entering proportion of the propping agent is not much at the beginning. Most of the proppant enters the cracks near the target B, so that the proppant is accumulated in the cracks and at the seams, the follow-up proppant is prevented from entering continuously, and the final result is that a great amount of fracturing fluid and proppant enters the cracks near the target A. The final result is that the non-uniform extension of the multi-cluster perforation cracks is still caused, and the higher the ratio of the starting sand liquid is, the lower the viscosity of the slickwater is, and the greater the non-uniform extension degree of the multi-cluster cracks is.
The above-mentioned non-uniform extension is proved by a large amount of monitoring data at home and abroad. At present, methods for uniform extension of multiple clusters of fractures are almost blank.
Shear thickening refers to the rapid increase in viscosity of some fluids after the shear rate has increased to a certain value, and a rapid decrease in viscosity once the shear rate is removed. At present, conventional fracturing fluids are shear thinning fracturing fluids, and in the preparation technology of conventional shear thickening fluid, mainly utilize micro-nano particle monodispersion medium such as silica to dissolve and prepare shear thickening fluid in polar solvents such as polyethylene glycol, the shear thickening fluid prepared by this kind of mode can exist with very stable state, in specific shearing process, can form particle cluster because the interact of hydrogen bond between silicon hydroxyl on silica nanoparticle surface and the polyethylene glycol, thereby make the apparent viscosity of system increase in the twinkling of an eye demonstrate the action similar to the solid, reach shear thickening effect. However, the preparation method has the following problems: the system has solid-like behavior in a high-shear system, the viscosity is too high, so that the system can be applied to the fields of personal protection and the like, the fluid still has a fluid state under the condition of high shear rate, and only the viscosity meets the thickening requirement, so that the system can be applied to the fields of petroleum exploration and development such as drilling and completion, fracturing and the like. Furthermore, if highly efficient shear thickening fluids are to be prepared, it is desirable that the silica content be maintained at a higher level to form more and larger clusters; however, the high-concentration silica nanoparticle system not only causes the waste of raw materials, but also has low utilization rate of the raw materials, high fluid density and higher cost.
Chinese patent CN104327795A discloses a method for preparing shear thickening liquid, which comprises using nano particles as solid phase component of STF liquid, preparing mixed solution by using non-volatile liquid medium and volatile diluent solvent, dispersing nano particles into the mixed solution under the action of stirring and ultrasonic wave to form emulsion, and then removing the diluent solvent under vacuum condition to obtain uniform, transparent and stable STF liquid.
Chinese patent CN104047162A discloses a method for preparing a novel shear thickening fluid. Firstly, a mixed system of the tetrapod-shaped ZnO crystal whisker and polyethylene glycol is prepared, uniform dispersion of a medium is guaranteed through means of ultrasound, standing and the like, then SiO2 micro-nanospheres are added into the system, and a novel shear thickening fluid is finally obtained through processing modes of mechanical stirring, ball milling dispersion and the like.
Chinese patent CN107502288A discloses a preparation method of nano silicon dioxide shear thickening liquid. The method comprises the following steps: heating the dispersion medium to 80-140 ℃, adding the nano silicon dioxide microspheres into the dispersion medium, stirring and mixing for 5 min-1 h, adding the silane coupling agent into the dispersion medium, stirring and mixing, sealing and cooling to room temperature to obtain the silicon dioxide nano silicon dioxide composite material. The invention adopts a mode of directly heating the dispersion medium, mixes under stirring, can reduce the viscosity of the nano silicon dioxide shear thickening liquid, improves the dispersibility and stability of the liquid, improves the preparation efficiency, and does not introduce other impurities. The preparation method is simple to operate and convenient for large-scale production.
The above patents need a large amount of finished nano-silica materials, the cost is too high, and the over-large particle size (50-500nm) of the silica materials is not suitable for being used in slippery water and has too much damage.
Therefore, there is a need to research and provide a novel shear thickening fracturing fluid and a matched fracturing method.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of cracks and application thereof.
The invention starts from a dispersion medium and improves the effect of shear thickening and slick water. The shear thickening slickwater prepared by the method is used as a fracturing fluid, can show medium viscosity characteristic in a shaft, high viscosity characteristic in holes and low viscosity characteristic in cracks, and can be utilized even if the influence of a temperature field is not considered, so that the flowing of the fracturing fluid in the shaft is facilitated; secondly, the high viscosity characteristic at the perforation, especially the distribution of the discharge capacity in the multi-cluster perforation cracks, is the highest discharge capacity close to the target point A, and under the condition that the total number of the cluster holes is constant, the shearing rate of the perforation position near the target point A is the highest, and the shearing rate of the perforation position is lower towards the target point B. According to the shearing thickening characteristic of the novel slickwater and the glue solution, the closer to the A target point, the higher the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is, the closer to the B target point, the lower the viscosity is, therefore, even if the characteristic of non-uniform extension of the multi-cluster perforation cracks exists (the crack extension degree near the A target point is the maximum, and the crack extension degree near the B target point is the minimum), the fracturing fluid volume entering each cluster of cracks can be self-adaptively adjusted due to the special rheological property of the fracturing fluid, and the final result is that as long as the difference caused by the viscosity of the fracturing fluid along with the difference of the shearing rate is large enough, the fracturing fluid volume entering each cluster of cracks is equal or close to each other, and the uniform cracking and extending effects of each cluster of cracks can be finally ensured; and thirdly, the low-viscosity fracturing fluid in the cracks also has the capacity of communicating and extending more small-scale cracks, and is favorable for promoting the complexity of the cracks and greatly increasing the reconstruction volume.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a fracturing method in which a plurality of clusters of fractures extend uniformly.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises a series of steps of evaluation of key reservoir parameters, calculation of a geological engineering dessert in a horizontal section, optimization of section cluster positions, optimization of fracture parameters, optimization of fracture construction parameters, preparation of a shear thickening fracturing fluid system, combined operation of bridge plug setting and perforation, acid pretreatment operation, shear thickening slick water large-displacement fracture construction, 70-140-mesh proppant injection construction, 40-70-mesh proppant injection construction, 30-50-mesh proppant injection construction, displacement operation and the like, wherein the flow of fracturing fluid in a shaft is promoted to the maximum extent, the net pressure in a fracture is improved to the maximum extent, and further the complexity and the modification volume of the fracture can be increased. Thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the yield.
The fracturing method adopts shear thickening slick water large-displacement seam construction;
the shear thickening slickwater is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
mixing ethyl silicate, alcohol, water and ammonia water to obtain a solution A;
stirring and hydrolyzing amino polyethylene glycol and a silane coupling agent to obtain a solution B;
and (III) slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, adding a catalyst, stirring, carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling to obtain the shear thickening slickwater.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step (one), the step (I),
the volume ratio of the ethyl silicate to the alcohol to the water to the ammonia water is as follows: 1: (1-1.6): (1-1.8): (0.02-0.1);
the alcohol is one or combination of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, n-butanol or ethylene glycol.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step (two), the first step is carried out,
the molecular weight of the amino polyethylene glycol is more than or equal to 50 ten thousand;
the mass ratio of the amino polyethylene glycol to the silane coupling agent is 1: (0.001-0.03);
the reaction temperature of the hydrolysis is 45-55 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step (three), the first step of the method,
the catalyst is acetic acid or alkali;
the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-3% of the sum of the mass of the solution A and the solution B;
the mass ratio of the solution A to the solution B is (0.2-1): 1;
the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 50-60 ℃; the hydrolysis reaction time is 2-6 h.
According to the shear thickening slickwater, the viscosity of the slickwater is increased along with the increase of the shear force; therefore, when the construction discharge capacity is low, the shearing force is low, and the viscosity of the slick water is low; when the construction discharge capacity is high, the shearing force is high, and the viscosity of the slickwater is high. This is also a substantial difference from the prior art slickwater which does not have shear thickening functionality.
The fracturing method comprises the following steps:
1) evaluating key reservoir parameters;
2) calculating a horizontal section geological engineering dessert and optimizing the position of the section cluster;
3) fracture parameter and fracturing construction parameter optimization
4) Preparing shear thickening slickwater;
5) performing combined operation of a lower bridge plug and a perforation;
6) acid pretreatment operation;
7) shearing thickening slick water large-displacement seam construction;
8) injecting 70-140 meshes of propping agent for construction;
9) injecting 40-70 mesh proppant for construction;
10) injecting 30-50 meshes of propping agent for construction;
11) and (5) replacing operation.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step 4), the step of processing the first and second images,
three shear thickening slicks were prepared: low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, medium-viscosity shear thickening slickwater and high-viscosity shear thickening slickwater; after shearing for 1 hour, the basic viscosity reaches 0.8-1.2 mPas, 1.5-2.5 mPas and 3.0-5.0 mPas respectively.
After being sheared by high displacement on site, the optimal viscosity required by construction can be achieved; respectively as follows: 1-3 mPas, 10-15 mPas and 30-45 mPas.
In the step 6), the step of the method comprises the following steps,
the dosage of the single-stage acid is 10-20m 3 (ii) a The acid injection row is 1-1.5m 3 /min；
After the acid is injected, the shear thickening slickwater is used for replacing the acid, and the displacement of the acid is 3-5m 3 And/min, after the acid enters the first perforation cluster close to the target point A, reducing the displacement of the acid to the previous displacement of the acid, and closing the well for 3-5min after all the acid is replaced.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step 7), the step of the method comprises the following steps,
adopting low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, wherein the liquid amount is 20-30% of the optimized fracturing liquid amount, the optimal maximum discharge amount is adopted, and the discharge amount is increased to the optimal maximum discharge amount within 1-2 min;
after the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater is sheared, the viscosity can reach 1-3 mPa.s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step 8), the step of processing the raw material,
carrying sand by using low-viscosity shearing slickwater according to a slug type sand adding procedure, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16%, and the specific volume of each sand-liquid is 20-30m 3 And taking the maximum displacement optimized in the step 4) as the displacement.
The viscosity of the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater can reach 1-3mPa.s after shearing.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step 9), the step (c) is carried out,
continuously adding sand by using a medium-viscosity shearing slickwater short slug, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 6-10 percent and 14-18 percent, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is 80-100m 3 (ii) a And (4) measuring the optimized highest displacement in the step 4).
After the medium-viscosity shear slickwater is sheared, the viscosity can reach 10-15 mPa.s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
in the step 10), the step of processing the image,
continuously adding sand by adopting high-viscosity shearing slickwater, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 16-20-24-28-32%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is 10-20m 3 (ii) a The displacement is taken to the optimum maximum displacement.
After the high-viscosity shearing slickwater is sheared, the viscosity can reach 30-45 mPa.s.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention,
taking 110-120% of the volume of the current section of the shaft instead of the low-viscosity shear slickwater, wherein the high-viscosity shear slickwater is adopted for the first 30-40%, and the low-viscosity shear slickwater is adopted for the second time; the displacement is taken to the optimum maximum displacement.
After the high-viscosity shearing slickwater is sheared, the viscosity can reach 30-45 mPa.s; after the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater is sheared, the viscosity can reach 1-3 mPa.s.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the method in petroleum drilling.
The invention can adopt the following technical scheme:
(1) the main construction steps
1) Evaluation of key reservoir parameters
Including lithology of the target layer and the upper and lower 50m interlayers, the mineral content of the whole rock, physical property, sensitivity, rock mechanics, three-dimensional ground stress, natural cracks, temperature, pressure, underground fluid property and the like. The method can be used for testing and analyzing underground conditions by adopting earthquake, well logging, testing and pilot hole core simulation. And establishing dynamic and static conversion relation of each parameter based on the pilot hole.
The static parameter distribution of the horizontal section can be determined by the log parameter class comparison with the pilot hole well and the above dynamic and static conversion relation.
2) Horizontal segment geomatically engineered dessert calculation and segment cluster position optimization
And respectively calculating the geological dessert and the engineering dessert which take rice as units according to a conventional method, and calculating the comprehensive dessert index according to an equal weight method. The comprehensive dessert indexes at the positions of clusters in the sections are equivalent or have a difference of less than 20% according to the section length of 60-100m and the section spacing of 20-30 m. Thereby determining the position of each bridge plug.
3) Fracture parameter optimization
On the basis of the step 1), a common commercial software PETREL is applied to establish a fine geological model in the range of a horizontal section and a transverse 600-. And then, simulating the dynamic after-pressing yield under different crack lengths, flow conductivity and crack intervals according to an orthogonal design method, and determining the crack parameter corresponding to the maximum after-pressing yield or the maximum economic net present value, namely the optimal crack parameter.
4) Optimization of fracturing construction parameters
The method is characterized in that commercial simulation software commonly used for fracturing design, such as FracPro PT, Stimplan, Gofher and the like, is used for simulating the changes of the three-dimensional geometrical size and the flow conductivity of the fracture under different fracturing construction parameters (discharge capacity and change, volume of fracturing fluid, the ratio of fracturing fluid with different viscosity, volume of propping agent, the ratio of propping agent with different particle sizes, sand-liquid ratio, sand adding program and the like) according to an orthogonal design method, so that the fracturing construction parameters corresponding to the optimal fracture parameters are determined, and the optimal results are obtained.
5) Preparation of shear thickening slickwater
The method comprises the following specific steps:
mixing ethyl silicate, alcohol, water and ammonia water to obtain a solution A;
stirring and hydrolyzing amino polyethylene glycol and a silane coupling agent to obtain a solution B;
and step three, slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, adding a catalyst, stirring, carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling to obtain the shear thickening slick water.
The amino polyethylene glycol comprises one or more of single end and double end, and the molecular weight is more than or equal to 50 ten thousand, such as 50 ten thousand, 55 ten thousand, 60 ten thousand, 65 ten thousand, 70 ten thousand, 80 ten thousand, 100 ten thousand, 120 ten thousand, 150 ten thousand, 180 ten thousand, 200 ten thousand or even more.
The silane coupling agent comprises typical silane coupling agents, such as one or more of A151, A171, A172, KH560 and KH 561.
The mass ratio of the amino polyethylene glycol to the silane coupling agent is 1: (0.001-0.03).
The shear thickening slick water specially prepared by the invention has the shear thickening characteristic as a fracturing fluid, shows the medium viscosity characteristic in a shaft, shows the high viscosity characteristic in an eyelet and shows the low viscosity characteristic in a crack, and even if the influence of a temperature field is not considered, the characteristic can be utilized, so that the flowing of the fracturing fluid in the shaft is facilitated; secondly, the high viscosity characteristic at the perforation, especially the distribution of the discharge capacity in the multi-cluster perforation cracks, is the highest discharge capacity close to the target point A, and under the condition that the total number of the cluster holes is constant, the shearing rate of the perforation position near the target point A is the highest, and the shearing rate of the perforation position is lower towards the target point B. According to the shearing thickening characteristic of the novel slickwater and the glue solution, the closer to the target A, the higher the fracturing fluid viscosity is, the closer to the target B, the lower the fracturing fluid viscosity is, therefore, even if the characteristic of non-uniform extension of the multi-cluster perforation cracks exists (the crack extension degree near the target A is the maximum, and the crack extension degree near the target B is the minimum), the fracturing fluid has the function of self-adaptively adjusting the fracturing fluid volume entering each cluster of cracks due to the special rheological property of the fracturing fluid, and the final result is that as long as the difference of the fracturing fluid viscosity along with the difference of the shearing rate is large enough, the fracturing fluid volume entering each cluster of cracks is equivalent or close, and the uniform cracking and extending effects of each cluster of cracks can be finally ensured; and thirdly, the low-viscosity fracturing fluid in the cracks also has the capacity of communicating and extending more small-microscale cracks, and is favorable for promoting the complexity of the cracks and greatly increasing the modification volume.
And (3) observing and recording the viscosity characteristic and the restorability of the mixture under the conditions of viscosity change and variable shearing under different shearing rates (shearing at a medium shearing rate of 2-6min in a shaft, shearing at a high shearing rate of 0.5-1min in an eyelet and then shearing at a low shearing rate of 2-4min in a crack). The shear tackifying fluid is prepared by introducing hydrophobic groups capable of interacting at a high shear rate or under high pressure on a macromolecular skeleton and grafting nanoparticles onto a macromolecular chain, wherein the viscosity of the fluid is improved by 10 times under the condition of 15001/s compared with 1701/s and is improved by 15 times under the condition of 18001/s.
6) Lower bridge plug and perforation combined operation
The first section of lower coiled tubing carries a perforating gun without lowering a bridge plug. The other section adopts a pumping mode to carry a perforating gun and a bridge plug combined tool. After the bridge plug is in place, the gun is seated and released, then the gun is lifted up step by step, and after the operation of each cluster of the gun is completed, the gun string is lifted up, and the acid is poured back.
7) Acid pretreatment operation
The dosage of the single-section acid is generally 10-20m3, and the acid type and the formula are determined based on the results of the compatibility and the acid rock corrosion rate of the pilot hole core in the step 1). The discharge capacity of the acid is generally 1-1.5m3/min, after the acid is injected, low-viscosity slickwater is used for replacing the acid, the discharge capacity of the acid is generally 3-5m3/min, and after the acid enters the first perforation cluster close to the target point A, the discharge capacity of the acid is reduced to the previous low discharge capacity of the acid, so that the acid rock corrosion time and the acid pressure reduction effect are increased. And (5) closing the well for 3-5min after all the acid is replaced.
8) Low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater large-displacement joint construction
Based on the preparation result of the shear thickening slickwater in the step 5), the viscosity is 1-3mPa.s after shearing for 1 hour at 1701/s, 25% of the optimized fracturing fluid amount in the step 4) is taken as the fluid amount, the optimized maximum displacement in the step 4) is taken as the displacement amount, and the designed maximum value is mentioned as soon as possible within 1-2 min. The principle that pressure limitation is not limited to the displacement is adopted, namely, the displacement is improved as much as possible on the premise that wellhead pressure limitation is allowed.
9)70-140 mesh proppant injection construction
On the basis of the step 8), adding 70-140 meshes of proppant into the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, and adding sand according to a slug type sand adding procedure, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is generally 2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16%, the specific volume of each sand-liquid is generally 20-30m3, and the blocking ratio of the spacer fluid to the proppant is generally 1: 1.
Given that proppants, once sanded prematurely, lead to a more non-uniform extension after being packed close to target B, and that such proppants are not easily swept or handled, the timing of the sanding should be appropriately delayed. In the conventional fracturing, sand is added after about 20% of the fracturing fluid, and the proppant can be added after about 25% of the fracturing fluid is injected. And the early sand-liquid ratio of the proppant is controlled well, so that the sand-liquid ratio is not suitable to be improved too quickly, and the phenomenon of non-uniform extension of cracks caused by sand addition is prevented.
If the non-uniform extension condition of the multi-cluster fracture caused by the early addition of the proppant is not considered, in order to promote the maximization of the viscosity difference of the clusters of fractures, the maximum value of the design can be mentioned at the highest speed at the beginning of construction. When the discharge capacity of the rheological fracturing fluid is increased, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid in the fracture is also increased, so that the net pressure in the fracture is favorably increased to the maximum extent, and the complexity and the modification volume of the fracture can be further increased. The viscosity of the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater is 1-3mPa.s after shearing, and the maximum discharge capacity optimized in the step 4) is selected. The strategy of limiting pressure and not limiting discharge capacity is still adopted, but the pressure window is more than 10 MPa.
10)40-70 mesh proppant injection construction
On the basis of step 9), adding 40-70 mesh proppant into the medium viscosity shear thickening slickwater, and carrying out a short-section plug continuous sand adding procedure, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is generally 6-10% and 14-18%, the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 80-100m3, and the volume of the intermediate isolation liquid is generally 110-120% of the volume of the current section of the well bore.
And (4) measuring the discharge amount, namely optimizing the maximum discharge amount, wherein the medium-viscosity shear thickening slickwater has the pressure viscosity of 10-15mPa.s after shearing. The strategy of limiting pressure and not limiting discharge capacity is still adopted, but the pressure window is more than 10 MPa.
11)30-50 mesh proppant injection construction
On the basis of the step 10), adding 30-50 meshes of propping agent into the high-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, and adding sand according to a continuous sand adding procedure, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is generally 16-20-24-28-32%, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is generally 10-20m 3 。
And (4) measuring the maximum discharge capacity optimized in the step 4), wherein the fracturing fluid of the high-viscosity shear thickening slickwater after shearing is 30-45 mPa.s. The strategy of limiting pressure and not limiting discharge capacity is still adopted, but the pressure window is more than 5MPa.
12) Replacement work
The displacement amount is 110-120% of the volume of the equivalent section of the shaft, and the high-viscosity shear thickening slickwater is adopted for the first 30-40% so as to increase the cleaning effect on the propping agent in the horizontal shaft and prevent the sand setting effect of the horizontal shaft and the adverse effect on the construction of the lower bridge plug of the lower section. And then, replacing the low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, taking the maximum value optimized in the step 4) as the discharge capacity, adopting a pressure window of 1-2MPa to improve the discharge capacity to the maximum extent, and also improving the viscosity of the fracturing fluid in the horizontal shaft by using a machine.
13) And (5) constructing other sections, and repeating the steps 6) to 12) until all sections are constructed.
14) And operations such as drilling and plugging after fracturing, returning fracturing fluid, testing, normal production and the like are executed according to conventional processes and parameters.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
The invention has the following technical characteristics and excellent effects: the invention has reasonable design and high feasibility, prepares a novel fracturing fluid system with shearing and tackifying characteristics by the principle of physical winding and electrostatic adsorption double-track parallelism, has the characteristic that the viscosity change of the fracturing fluid is reversible under different shearing rates, promotes the flowing of the fracturing fluid in a shaft, ensures that the volume of the fracturing fluid entering each cluster of cracks is equal to or close to that of each cluster of cracks, finally can ensure the uniform cracking and extending effects of each cluster of cracks, is favorable for communicating and extending the capacity of more small microscale cracks, and is also favorable for promoting the complexity of the cracks and greatly increasing the modification volume, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the fracturing effect and increasing the yield.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, it should be understood that the following examples are illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Preparation of shear thickening slickwater:
example 1:
firstly, TEOS and ethanol are added to form a liquid a; deionized water and strong ammonia water to form solution b. And adding the solution b into the solution a under the condition of controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a solution A. The volume ratio of ethyl silicate to ethanol to deionized water to ammonia water is as follows: 1: 1: 1: 0.02;
② the solution B is obtained by hydrolyzing diamino polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 80 ten thousand) and silane coupling agent KH560 according to the mass ratio of 1:0.001 under the condition of stirring at 50 ℃.
Thirdly, slowly dripping the B into the A, wherein the mass ratio of the B to the A is 1:1, adding acetic acid as a catalyst, and the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1 percent of the sum of the mass of the solution A and the mass of the solution B; and (3) carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 4h at 50 ℃ to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling the system to room temperature to obtain the shear thickening slickwater 1. The viscosity was 1 mPas.
Example 2
Firstly, TEOS and ethanol are added to form a liquid a; deionized water and strong ammonia water to form solution b. And adding the solution b into the solution a under the condition of controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a solution A. The volume ratio of ethyl silicate to ethanol to deionized water to ammonia water is as follows: 1: 1.6: 1.8: 0.1;
② the solution B is obtained by hydrolyzing diamino polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 100 ten thousand) and silane coupling agent KH560 according to the mass ratio of 1:0.03 under the condition of stirring at 45 ℃.
Thirdly, slowly dripping the B into the A, adding acetic acid serving as a catalyst according to the mass ratio of 1:0.2 of the B to the A, carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 6 hours at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling the system to the room temperature to obtain the shear thickening slickwater 2. The viscosity was 2 mPas.
Example 3
Firstly, TEOS and ethanol are added to form a liquid a; deionized water and strong ammonia water to form solution b. Adding the solution b into the solution a under the condition of controlling the temperature to be 50 ℃, and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a solution A; the volume ratio of ethyl silicate to ethanol to deionized water to ammonia water is as follows: 1: 1.2: 1.5: 0.08;
② the solution B is obtained by hydrolyzing diamino polyethylene glycol (molecular weight is 120 ten thousand) and silane coupling agent KH560 according to the mass ratio of 1:0.01 under the condition of stirring at 55 ℃.
Thirdly, slowly dripping the B into the A, wherein the mass ratio of the B to the A is 1:0.5, and adding acetic acid as a catalyst, wherein the dosage of the catalyst is 2% of the sum of the mass of the solution A and the mass of the solution B; and (3) carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 5h at 55 ℃ to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling the system to room temperature to obtain the shear thickening slickwater 3. The viscosity was 5 mPas.
Example 4:
in a certain well in the south of Chuandong, the vertical depth of the well is 3892m, the depth measurement is 4985m, and the horizontal section is 1280 m. The method provided by the invention is used for carrying out optimization design, and the steps and the results are as follows:
(1) the evaluation of the shale key reservoir parameters considers that the well has good shale development quality, good static indexes and medium brittleness.
(2) The dual dessert zones (integrated dessert >0.65) of the geological dessert and the engineered dessert are determined as perforation cluster locations, with segment lengths of 80-95m and segment spacings of 23-28 m.
(3) And optimizing by using gas reservoir numerical simulation software to obtain the fracturing parameters of the optimal post-fracturing long-term yield as follows: the optimal gap distance between the 15 sections of the fracturing is 15-22m, the half length of the fracture is 250-280m, and the flow conductivity is 20-45 mD.m.
(4) Through the simulation and optimization of the dynamic crack propagation numerical value, the following fracture construction parameters are obtained: the discharge capacity is 14-16m 3 Min, single-stage fracturing fluid dosage 1800- 3 Single stage supported dose of 65m 3 -80m 3 The particle size of the propping agent is 70-140 meshes, 40-70 meshes and 30-50 meshes, and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 1-3mPa & s, 10-15mPa & s and 30-45mPa & s.
(5) The shear thickening slickwater prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 is adopted, the basic viscosity of the slickwater after 1 hour of shearing reaches 1mPa & s, 2mPa & s and 5mPa & s respectively, and the optimal maximum discharge capacity of 16m is achieved according to the shear thickening characteristics 3 And at/min, the viscosity of the on-site fracturing fluid can reach the design value in the step (4).
(6) And performing conventional operation on the lower bridge plug and perforation combined operation according to the industry standard.
(7) The first stage fracturing construction pump injection procedure is shown in table 1. The dosage of the single-stage acid is 10m 3 The discharge capacity of acid injection is 1m 3 Min, then at 3m 3 Permin displacement injection shear thickening slickwater 40m 3 Then 1m 3 Permin displacement injection shear thickening slickwater 10m 3 And the discharge capacity is increased to 16m after the well is closed for 5min 3 Permin, injection of shear thickening slickwater 400m 3 . 70-140 meshes of propping agent is pumped according to a slug type, the sand-liquid ratio is 2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16%, and the volume of the sand-liquid slug is 30-50m 3 In total, 590m shear thickening slickwater was injected 3 (viscosity is 1-3mPa.s), injecting 40-70 mesh proppant by a slug type pump, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 6-8-10% and 14-16-18%, and the sand-liquid slug volume is 120m 3 In total, shear thickening slickwater 400m is injected 3 (viscosity is 10-15mPa.s), injecting 30-50 mesh proppant by a continuous pump, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 16-20-24-28-32%, and injecting shear thickening slickwater of 80m 3 (viscosity of 30-45mPa.s), and finally displacing 80m 3 Shear thickening slick water. And finishing the construction.
The subsequent stage pumping program can be finely adjusted on the basis, and 15 stages of fracturing construction are sequentially completed.
(8) And operations such as drilling and plugging after fracturing, returning fracturing fluid, testing, normal production and the like are executed according to conventional processes and parameters.
By implementing the invention, the well pressure has no resistance flow rate of 28.6 multiplied by 10 4 m 3 Compared with the yield of an adjacent well, the gas production rate is improved by 1 time.
TABLE 1 st stage fracturing construction pump main program
Claims (13)
1. A fracturing method for uniformly extending multiple clusters of cracks is characterized in that:
the fracturing method adopts shear thickening slick water large-displacement seam construction;
the shear thickening slickwater is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
mixing ethyl silicate, alcohol, water and ammonia water to obtain a solution A;
stirring and hydrolyzing amino polyethylene glycol and a silane coupling agent to obtain a solution B;
and (III) slowly dripping the solution B into the solution A, adding a catalyst, stirring, carrying out hydrolysis reaction to obtain a viscous solution, and cooling to obtain the shear thickening slickwater.
2. The fracturing method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (one), the step (I),
the volume ratio of the ethyl silicate to the alcohol to the water to the ammonia water is as follows: 1: (1-1.6): (1-1.8): (0.02-0.1);
the alcohol is one or combination of ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, n-butanol or ethylene glycol.
3. The fracturing method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (two), the first step is carried out,
the molecular weight of the amino polyethylene glycol is more than or equal to 50 ten thousand;
the mass ratio of the amino polyethylene glycol to the silane coupling agent is 1: (0.001-0.03);
the reaction temperature of the hydrolysis is 45-55 ℃.
4. The fracturing method of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (three), the first step of the method,
the catalyst is acetic acid or alkali;
the dosage of the catalyst is 0.1-3% of the sum of the mass of the solution A and the solution B;
the mass ratio of the solution A to the solution B is (0.2-1): 1;
the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 50-60 ℃; the hydrolysis reaction time is 2-6 h.
5. A method of fracturing according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
1) evaluating key reservoir parameters;
2) calculating a horizontal section geological engineering dessert and optimizing the position of the section cluster;
3) optimizing fracture parameters and fracturing construction parameters;
4) preparing shear thickening slickwater;
5) performing combined operation of a lower bridge plug and a perforation;
6) acid pretreatment operation;
7) shearing, thickening, sliding and large-displacement joint making construction;
8) injecting 70-140 meshes of propping agent for construction;
9) injecting 40-70 mesh proppant for construction;
10) injecting 30-50 meshes of propping agent for construction;
11) and (5) replacing operation.
6. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 4), the step of processing the first and second images,
three shear thickening slicks were prepared: low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, medium-viscosity shear thickening slickwater and high-viscosity shear thickening slickwater; after shearing for 1 hour, the basic viscosity reaches 0.8-1.2 mPas, 1.5-2.5 mPas and 3.0-5.0 mPas respectively.
7. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 6), the step of the method comprises the following steps,
the dosage of the single-stage acid is 10-20m 3 (ii) a The acid injection row is 1-1.5m 3 /min；
After the acid is injected, the shear thickening slickwater is used for replacing the acid, and the displacement of the acid is 3-5m 3 And/min, after the acid enters the first perforation cluster close to the target point A, reducing the displacement of the acid to the previous displacement of the acid, and closing the well for 3-5min after all the acid is replaced.
8. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 7), the step of the method comprises the following steps,
adopting low-viscosity shear thickening slickwater, taking the liquid amount to be 20% -30% of the optimized fracturing liquid amount, taking the optimized maximum discharge amount, and increasing the discharge amount to the optimized maximum discharge amount within 1-2 min.
9. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 8), the step of processing the raw material,
carrying sand by using low-viscosity shearing slickwater according to a slug type sand adding procedure, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 2-4-6-8-10-12-14-16%, and the specific volume of each sand-liquid is 20-30m 3 And taking the maximum displacement optimized in the step 4) as the displacement.
10. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 9), the step of processing the first and second images,
continuously adding sand by using a medium-viscosity shearing slickwater short slug, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 6-10 percent and 14-18 percent, and the volume of each sand-liquid ratio is 80-100m 3 (ii) a And (4) measuring the optimized highest displacement in the step 4).
11. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
in the step 10), the step of processing the image,
continuously adding sand by using high-viscosity shearing slickwater, wherein the sand-liquid ratio is 16-20-24-28-32%, and the specific volume of each sand-liquid is 10-20m 3 (ii) a The displacement is taken to the optimum maximum displacement.
12. The fracturing method of claim 5, wherein:
taking 110-120% of the equivalent section of the well bore volume by displacement, and adopting high-viscosity shear slickwater for the first 30-40%; and then, the low-viscosity shear slickwater is used instead, and the discharge capacity is the optimized maximum discharge capacity.
13. Use of a method according to any one of claims 1 to 12 in drilling a well.
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