CN113637464B - Anti-sloughing drilling fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Anti-sloughing drilling fluid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid for a breakable carbonate stratum and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of petroleum drilling. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid can comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of water, 15-40 parts of drilling fluid bentonite, 5-35 parts of micro-nano plugging agent, 20-70 parts of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, 15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel and 0-1600 parts of inert weighting agent. The anti-collapse drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has good anti-collapse performance, rheological performance, temperature resistance and lubricating performance, can effectively reduce the borehole wall instability risk of a fractured carbonate rock stratum, reduces bit bouncing and blocking, ensures underground safe construction, and has wide application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum drilling, in particular to an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Since 2007, the carbonate rock stratum exploration and development of the Xiang Leikou slope group of the West Sichuan sea is a major breakthrough, and the method has the resource potential of integrally submitting 3000-5000 hundred million square exploration reserves. However, the slope stratum of the Xiang Lei port of the western Sichuan sea is broken, the stratum cementation is poor, the bedding and fissure development are caused, the borehole wall instability condition is prominent, the complex conditions of blockage, drill sticking, leakage and the like frequently occur in the drilling and coring process, and the underground safety is seriously threatened. According to statistics, 13 times of drilling sticking occur in the 6 completed wells in the early stage, and the loss time of the complex time effect is about 230d; lei Siduan drill sticking probability 77.8%; and 7 times of block dropping and drill blocking are carried out, and the drill blocking probability is 77.8 percent. Wherein the YS1 well core drilling tool combination is drilled downwards to 5754.04m and meets a resistance card, the core drilling tool is drilled to 5796m and meets the resistance card, and the core drilling tool combination is reversely scratched to a hole at a well depth of 5799.63m and meets the resistance; the PZ1 well has 1 blocking event in the four stages of the mine, and the development progress of the western-Chuanxi sea-phase oil-gas resource is restricted. And multiple wells in northwest China meet the fractured carbonate stratum, the conditions of serious drilling inhibition, serious block falling, blockage and the like occur to different degrees, the accidents of drilling blockage and drilling tool breakage occur seriously, the underground safety is threatened greatly, the damage to the drilling construction is large, and the great economic loss is caused, so that the problem which troubles the petroleum engineering boundary at home and abroad is solved.
A Chinese patent with an authorization publication number of CN103740343B (application number of 201410021057. X) introduces Na 2 SiO 3 The invention relates to a-KCl anti-collapse drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof, which mainly aims at the problems of hole shrinkage, well collapse and drilling sticking of a strongly hydrated and dispersed mud shale stratum, but the anti-collapse means is Na 2 SiO 3 The plugging effect and the inhibition effect of KCl are relatively single in means and limited in effect. The Chinese patent with the publication number of CN104277803A (the application number of 201410451916.9) provides a KCl plugging anti-collapse drilling fluid which mainly achieves the effects of plugging and anti-collapse by plugging and coating a well wall through modified asphalt and a film-forming wall-fixing material, but the method cannot achieve the effect of well wall solidification on the fractured carbonate rock. Similarly, chinese patents with publication numbers CN105038736A (application number 201510335511.3) and CN 104962257A (application number 201510335509.6) respectively provide positive electric polyalcohol anti-collapse drilling fluid and antifriction silicon-based anti-collapse drilling fluid systems, and the two systems mainly aim at shale formations and apply materials such as positive electric polyalcohol and organic silicon to block rock cracks and microcracks, but the blocking effect is not obvious, and the curing effect on breakable formations cannot be formed. Zhu Jinzhi et al (Zhu Jinzhi, zou Chengli Tanshen 1 well fragmenting dolomite formation protectionCollapse technology, oil drilling technology 1999.4) through a series of indoor plugging tests, drilling fluid with proper density is adopted on site, plugging materials with proper softening points and smaller granularity are added to strengthen the plugging of formation cracks and microcracks, but only the asphalt plugging materials can not achieve the effect of curing the well wall of the fractured formation. Huang Xianjie (Huang Xianjie, longshen 1 well broken zone stratum leak-proof plugging technique and well wall stability, west prospecting engineering 2008) introduces the broken stratum drilling situation of Longshen 1 well Lei Kou slope group, and provides the technical theories of physicochemical sealing, hydration inhibition, chemical reverse osmosis, effective stress support and quaternary synergy drilling fluid collapse prevention, which has guiding significance for the formulation of broken carbonate rock stratum stabilizing technical measures, but does not provide concrete operation measures for the drilling fluid.
Therefore, if the drilling fluid for safe drilling of the fractured carbonate rock can be developed, the fractured carbonate rock is prevented from collapsing and falling into blocks, the problem of borehole instability can be solved, the time for processing complex conditions in a well is shortened, and the drilling fluid has extremely important social and economic significance for reducing the comprehensive drilling cost, improving the drilling efficiency and accelerating the exploration and development speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-collapse drilling fluid, which aims to solve the problems that when a fractured carbonate rock stratum is drilled, the stratum is easy to collapse and fall blocks, so that the conditions of abnormal torque and complex blockage are caused, and the underground safe drilling is seriously influenced in the prior art. In particular to an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a preparation method and application thereof. The drilling fluid has good anti-collapse capability and bonding wall-fixing effect, good lubricating property and excellent temperature resistance, can greatly improve the rock-carrying capability of the drilling fluid, is convenient to carry large dropping blocks, keeps a borehole smooth, prevents blockage and ensures the underground safety. Compared with other systems, the system can form bonding and curing on a breakable stratum, achieves the effect of strengthening and reinforcing the well wall, can effectively prevent the instability of the well wall, and has good field application effect.
One purpose of the invention is to provide an anti-sloughing drilling fluid which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water;
15 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 15 to 30 parts by weight of drilling fluid bentonite,
5-35 parts of micro-nano plugging agent, preferably 10-20 parts,
20 to 70 parts by weight of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight,
15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel, preferably 20-30 parts;
0 to 1600 portions of inert weighting agent.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the drilling fluid bentonite can be used for adjusting the flow type and reducing the fluid loss, and can be specifically sodium bentonite.
The micro-nano plugging agent can be inorganic/polymer with a core-shell structure; the particle size of the inorganic/polymer of the core-shell structure can be between 0.1 and 1.0 mu m. The micro-nano plugging agent can be selected from a variable polymer plugging agent, and specifically can be an inorganic/polymer plugging agent with a core-shell structure. The micro-nano plugging agent is matched with superfine calcium carbonate, so that the plugging effect on the microcracks can be further enhanced. Specifically, the micro-nano plugging agent can be a deformable polymer plugging agent SMNP-1 developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical research institute and a deformable plugging particle FDFT-1 produced by Chengdui oil Hua Wei science and technology Limited company.
The dosage of the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent is 20 to 70 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 50 parts by weight, and more preferably 35 to 45 parts by weight; the anti-collapse agent can be an asphalt composite anti-collapse agent with different softening points, the softening point range is preferably 60-160 ℃, and the anti-collapse agent can meet the requirements of different well sections. The application adopts the temperature-sensitive asphaltene plugging anti-collapse agent to further fill and isolate well wall rocks and prevent the permeation of filtrate in the well. Specifically, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent can be at least one of SMNA-1 (softening point 80-160 ℃), SMShield-2 (softening point 60-150 ℃), SMLS-1 (softening point 140-160 ℃) or SMLS-2 (softening point 120-160 ℃) which are developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute and sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3 (produced by seventh chemical industry Co., ltd., new rural area, softening point 120-140 ℃).
The graphene hydrogel can be compressed and assembled under the action of the pressure of a shaft, and is tightly arranged to form a whole, so that the crushed stratum is bonded and solidified, and the generation of falling blocks is prevented. The gel formed by the drilling fluid has higher compression strength and elasticity, and the components are dispersed in a drilling fluid system in micron-sized particles, can generate plastic deformation under the action of pressure difference after contacting with a well wall, and are mutually bonded to form a whole, so that the effect of strengthening and reinforcing the well wall is achieved. Preferably, the graphene hydrogel may have a particle size distribution ranging from 0.1 to 20 μm, a variability of 40 to 65%, and a compressive strength of 35 to 55MPa. Specifically, the graphene hydrogel can be SMCG-1 (the particle size distribution range in a system is 3-20 microns, the variability degree is 45%, and the compressive strength is 50 MPa) and SMCG-2 (the particle size distribution range in the system is 0.1-10 microns, the variability degree is 60%, and the compressive strength is 40 MPa) which are developed by the China petrochemical Petroleum engineering institute.
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the graphene hydrogel can be prepared by the following method:
weighing 30-80 mg of graphene oxide, adding 0.2-0.4 g of urea and 0.1-0.4 g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, adding water, and uniformly mixing; and (3) putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle, heating for reaction to obtain a crude product, washing and drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel. The temperature can be raised to 120-160 ℃, and the reaction time can be 6-10 h.
Specifically, the preparation method of the graphene hydrogel may include the following steps:
30-80 mg (preferably 40-70 mg) of graphene oxide GO is weighed, 0.2-0.4 g (preferably 0.25-0.35 g) of urea and 0.2-0.4 g (0.25-0.35 g) of sodium p-toluenesulfonate are added, and then 10-50 mL (preferably 25-35 mL) of distilled water is added. Ultrasonically dispersing the mixed substances for 1-4 h (preferably 1.5-2.5 h), then putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 120-160 ℃, and reacting for 6-10 h to obtain a dark green graphene hydrogel crude product. And washing the obtained graphene hydrogel crude product with ethanol and deionized water for multiple times respectively, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel product for the anti-sloughing drilling fluid.
The specific preparation method of the graphene oxide GO comprises the following steps:
putting 1.0-3.0 g of graphite powder into 8-20 g of mixed solution at 70-85 ℃ for reaction for 3-7 hours, and then cooling to room temperature; diluting with water, standing, washing, filtering and drying, and adding 60-100 ml H at 0-2 deg.C 2 SO 4 In the solution, 6 to 10g of KMnO is added 4 Then stirring at 30-40 deg.C, adding deionized water and 20-40% of 2 O 2 The mixture turns into bright yellow, and the product can be obtained after washing and filtering.
Specifically, the specific preparation method of graphene oxide GO may include the following steps: 1.0 to 3.0g (preferably 1.5 to 2.5 g) of graphite powder is put into 8 to 20g of mixed solution at the temperature of between 70 and 85 ℃ for 3 to 7 hours (preferably 4.5 to 5.5 hours), and cooled to room temperature; then diluting the mixture evenly by using 150 to 300ml (preferably 175 to 250 ml) of deionized water, and standing the mixture for 16 to 34 hours (preferably 20 to 30 hours); washing and filtering the mixture by using a Buchner funnel until the pH value is neutral, drying the mixture, and adding the dried mixture into 60-100 ml of H at the temperature of 0-2 DEG C 2 SO 4 (preferably 70 to 80 mL); slowly adding 6-10 g (preferably 7-8 g) of KMnO under stirring 4 . Stirring the mixture at 30-40 ℃ for 1-5 hours, adding 300-500 ml (preferably 350-450 ml) deionized water and 8-12 ml (preferably 9-11 ml) 20-40% H 2 O 2 Until the color of the mixture becomes bright yellow, and finally washing and filtering the mixture by using 10 to 30 percent of HCl aqueous solution. Wherein the mixed solution is selected from H 2 SO 4 、K 2 S 2 O 8 And P 2 O 5 The mixed solution of (1); wherein H 2 SO 4 ：K 2 S 2 O 8 ：P 2 O 5 The weight ratio of (A) to (B): (6-10), (0.5-1.2), preferably (8-10), (0.8-1.2).
The inert weighting agent may be selected from inert weighting agents commonly found in the art, such as barite weighting materials. The density of the barite weighting material can be 3.8-4.3 g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
the anti-sloughing drilling fluid may also comprise a polymer coating agent; the amount of the polymer coating agent may be 1.5 to 6 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 3 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymer coating agent can be selected from at least one of a zwitterionic polymer coating agent (specifically selected from FA367 and the like), a partially hydrolyzed potassium polyacrylamide (specifically selected from K-PAM and the like). The polymer coating agent is mainly used for preventing clay minerals existing in the stratum from hydrating and expanding to cause poor solid phase pollution.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise a polymer fluid loss additive; the polymer fluid loss additive can be used in an amount of 2 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 7 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymeric fluid loss additive may be selected from at least one of a low viscosity polyanionic cellulose (specifically selected from low viscosity modified polyanionic cellulose, such as PAC-LV), a sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additive; wherein the sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additive (specifically, SMPFL-L, SMPFL-M produced by China petrochemical engineering and technology research institute, DSP-2 produced by Shandong Shunyuan petroleum technology Co., ltd.) is at least one.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise sulfomethyl phenolic resin; the sulfomethyl phenolic resin can be used in an amount of 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water. The sulfomethyl phenolic resin and the lignite resin have the effects of improving the quality of mud cakes and reducing the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss of the drilling fluid, and have strong temperature resistance and salt resistance. The sulfomethyl phenolic resin can be used for reducing water loss at high temperature and high pressure.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise a polymer cutting agent; the amount of the polymer cutting agent can be 1 to 8 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 4 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymer shear strength improver is mainly used for adjusting the rheological form of drilling fluid and improving the shear strength of a system, the dynamic-plastic ratio of the system can reach 0.4-1.0, the polymer shear strength improver is convenient to carry, large in size and free from block falling, and the smoothness of a well bore is kept. The polymer extracting and cutting agent can be selected from at least one of modified xanthan gum polymers, hyperbranched acrylamides and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid (AMPS) polymers. Specifically, the modified xanthan gum can be selected from an efficient cutting-off agent SMTQ-1 which is produced by China petrochemical petroleum engineering institute and has low tackifying effect, the tackifying effect in a system is not obvious, and the dynamic-plastic ratio of the system can be effectively improved; the hyperbranched acrylamide and AMPS polymer can be selected from high-efficiency cutting-off agent SMTQ-2 produced by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical institute.
Preferably, the anti-collapse drilling fluid can also comprise a lubricant; in particular from extreme pressure lubricants; the extreme pressure lubricant may be used in an amount of 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 45 parts by weight, and more preferably 27 to 35 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water. The lubricant can adopt at least one of SMJH-1 developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical research institute and high temperature resistant and saturated salt resistant lubricants (such as RH220 and RH200 of Chengdui oil Hua Wei science and technology Limited).
Preferably, the anti-collapse drilling fluid can also comprise lignite resin; the lignite resin may be used in an amount of 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise an alkaline substance; the alkaline substance may be used in an amount of 4 to 9 parts by weight, preferably 5 to 6 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the alkaline substance may be selected from NaOH and/or KOH. The alkaline substance is used for adjusting the pH value of the system to 8-11.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise superfine calcium carbonate; the amount of the superfine calcium carbonate can be 20 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 30 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the superfine calcium carbonate is mainly used for plugging cracks and micro cracks existing in a large amount in a fractured stratum. The particle sizes are divided into 300 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes, 1250 meshes and 2500 meshes according to different particle sizes, and in the actual operation process, the components are compounded according to different sizes of stratum fractures to obtain the optimal particle size ratio.
The drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has excellent wall bonding and fixing capacity, and can effectively prevent the collapse and block falling of the breakable carbonate rock; the system has excellent lubricating performance, and can effectively reduce the friction resistance of highly deviated wells and horizontal wells; the system has strong rock-carrying capacity, effectively cleans and carries the falling blocks, and keeps the well smooth.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the anti-sloughing drilling fluid, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using the water and the bentonite for drilling fluid; and then adding components including the micro-nano plugging agent, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent and the graphene hydrogel into the hydrated bentonite slurry, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the bentonite slurry.
Preferably, the following steps may be included:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using water and drilling fluid bentonite (the concrete method is that a proper amount of drilling fluid bentonite is added into water, and the mixture is stirred for 24-48 h until the bentonite is fully hydrated); then adding a polymer fluid loss additive into the hydrated bentonite slurry; respectively adding sulfomethyl phenolic resin, lignite resin, alkaline substances, superfine calcium carbonate, a micro-nano plugging agent, a temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, graphene hydrogel and a lubricant after the materials are fully dissolved, then adding a polymer coating agent and a polymer cutting agent, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the composite material.
The reactor or the reaction apparatus used in the production method of the present invention is a reactor or a reaction apparatus which is generally used in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide the drilling fluid prepared by the preparation method.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the anti-collapse drilling fluid in the drilling of the fractured carbonate rock stratum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has extremely strong anti-collapse performance, is suitable for drilling in a common shale stratum, and has a remarkable effect on anti-collapse of a breakable carbonate stratum;
2. according to the invention, micro-nano plugging agents with different particle size grades are used for plugging fractured formation micro-cracks, and a temperature-sensitive asphaltene plugging anti-collapse agent is used for further filling and isolating well wall rocks to prevent filtrate in a shaft from permeating. In addition, the system further introduces graphene cement glue, can be assembled in a compressed mode under the action of the pressure of the shaft, is tightly arranged to form a whole, and plays a role in bonding and curing the fractured stratum.
3. Compared with the conventional drilling fluid, the drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high shearing force and high dynamic-plastic ratio, is more convenient to carry, has larger size, falls into blocks, keeps a well smooth and ensures underground safety;
4. the drilling fluid system has strong temperature resistance which can reach 160 ℃; the lubricating property is good, and the drilling fluid is suitable for drilling a highly deviated well or a long horizontal well;
5. the anti-collapse drilling fluid system prepared by the invention is suitable for the fractured carbonate stratum, has good anti-collapse performance, rheological performance, temperature resistance and lubricating performance, the plastic viscosity PV is 20-50 mPa & s, the dynamic shear force YP is 5.0-20.0 Pa, the primary/final cutting Gel is 1.0-30.0 Pa/5.0-60.0 Pa, the dynamic-plastic ratio is 0.4-1.0, the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss at 160 ℃ is less than 6mL, the extreme pressure lubricating coefficient is less than 0.13, the borehole instability risk of the fractured carbonate stratum can be effectively reduced, the drilling and blocking resistance can be reduced, the underground safe construction can be ensured, and the anti-collapse drilling fluid system has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the rock debris flowback of example 5;
FIG. 2 is example 5 fluid loss on drilling fluid, where FL HTHP For high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss in three-throw drilling process, FL API Medium pressure filtration loss; the abscissa is depth (m) and the ordinate is fluid loss (mL);
FIG. 3 is the drilling fluid viscosity coefficient of example 5; the abscissa is depth (m) and the ordinate is viscosity coefficient.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The raw materials of the example are all commercial products.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a breakable carbonate rock stratum, which comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 30 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymer filtrate reducer PAC-L V (Zhengzhou east auxiliary limited company), 30 parts of lignite resin SPNH (Kunming Jin Sai Dachan chemical industry limited company), 30 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2 (Zhengzhou east auxiliary limited company), 5 parts of NaOH,20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1 (the particle size is 0.1-10 mu m, china petrochemical engineering technology institute), 20 parts of SM-Shield-2 (China petrochemical engineering technology institute), 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMCG-2 (China petrochemical engineering institute), 4 parts of SMNP-1 (China petrochemical engineering institute), 3 parts of FA367 (south China Fengyo chemical industry limited company), 30 parts of SMJH-1 (China petrochemical engineering institute TQg), and 4 parts of petrochemical engineering cryolite/TQg 3 ). The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of three types of 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 2500 meshes.
The specific preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving 30 parts of sodium bentonite in 1000 parts of water, stirring at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, adding 4 parts of LV-PAC into the soil slurry at 8000r/min after hydration for full dissolution, then sequentially adding 30 parts of SPNH,30 parts of SMP-2,5 parts of NaOH,20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SM-Shield-2, 20 parts of SMCG-2,4, SMTQ-1,3 parts of FA367 and 30 parts of SMJH-1, stirring uniformly, finally adding 103 parts of barite, and stirring uniformly to obtain the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8.5, and the system density is 1.20g/cm 3 The main properties are shown in table 1, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured stratum are met. Each test item in Table 1 was performed according to the standard described in GB-T-167483.1-2006.
Table 1 example 1 drilling fluid properties
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a fractured carbonate rock stratum, which comprises the following components, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 25 parts of sodium bentonite, 6 parts of SMPFL-L (China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute), 30 parts of SPNH,30 parts of SMP-2,6 parts of NaOH,25 parts of ultrafine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1 (China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute), 20 parts of SMNA-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2,3 parts of SMTQ-1,3 parts of FA367, 30 parts of SMJH-1 and 630 parts of barite. The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of three types of 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 2500 meshes. All the components are commercial products.
The concrete preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, 25 parts of sodium bentonite is dissolved in 1000 parts of water, stirred at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, 6 parts of SMPFL-L are added into soil slurry for full dissolution under 8000r/min after hydration, then 30 parts of SPNH,30 parts of SMP-2,6 parts of NaOH,25 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2,3 parts of SMTQ-1,3 parts of FA and 30 parts of SMJH-1 are sequentially added and stirred uniformly, and finally 630 parts of barite is added and stirred uniformly to prepare the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 9.0, and the system density is 1.50g/cm 3 The main properties are shown in table 2, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met.
Table 2 example 2 drilling fluid properties
Example 3:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a breakable carbonate rock stratum, which comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 15 parts of sodium bentonite, 6 parts of SMPFL-L,35 parts of SPNH,35 parts of SMP-2,6 parts of NaOH,30 parts of ultrafine calcium carbonate, 10 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2,4, SMTQ-1,3 parts of KPAM,30 parts of SMJH-1 and 1300 parts of barite. The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of 800 meshes and 2500 meshes. All the components are commercial products.
The specific preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, 15 parts of sodium bentonite is dissolved in 1000 parts of water, the mixture is stirred at 500r/min for 24 hours to be fully hydrated, 6 parts of SMPFL-L is added into soil slurry to be fully dissolved at 8000r/min after the mixture is hydrated, then 35 parts of SPNH,35 parts of SMP-2,6 parts of NaOH,30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 10 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2,4 parts of SMTQ-1,3 KPAM (produced by Zhengzhou Oriental auxiliary agent Co., ltd.) are sequentially added and stirred uniformly, 30 parts of SMJH-1 is added and stirred uniformly, and finally 1300 parts of barite is added and stirred uniformly to prepare the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 9.0, and the system density is 1.81g/cm 3 The main properties are shown in table 3, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured stratum are met.
Table 3 example 3 drilling fluid properties
Example 4:
the preparation method steps are the same as in example 1, except that graphene hydrogel GPH is used instead of SMCG-2. The specific preparation method of the graphene hydrogel GPH comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing graphene oxide GO: 2g of graphite powder (SNO natural graphite powder from SEC of Japan) was placed in a volume of 80 ℃ H 2 SO 4 (5mL)、K 2 S 2 O 8 (1.0 g) and P 2 O 5 (1.0 g) the mixed solution was left for 5 hours and cooled to room temperature; then diluting the mixture evenly with 200ml of deionized water and standing the mixture for 24 hours; the mixture was washed with a Buchner funnel until the pH was neutral, dried and added to 80ml H at 0 deg.C 2 SO 4 (80 mL); slowly add 8g KMnO with stirring 4 . The mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 2 hours, after which 400ml of deionized water and 10ml of 30% H 2 O 2 Until the mixture becomes bright yellow, and washing with 10% HCl aqueous solution.
And preparing graphene hydrogel GPH: 60mg of graphene oxide GO is weighed, 0.3g of urea and 0.3g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate are added, and then 30mL of distilled water is added. Ultrasonically dispersing the mixed substances for 2h, then putting the materials into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 160 ℃, and reacting for 8h to obtain a dark green graphene hydrogel crude product. And washing the obtained graphene hydrogel crude product with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel product for the anti-sloughing drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8-11, and the system density is 1.20g/cm 3 The main properties are shown in table 4, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met.
Table 4 example 4 drilling fluid properties
Comparative example 1:
the anti-collapse drilling fluid comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 30 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymer filtrate reducer PAC-LV,30 parts of lignite resin SPNH,30 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2,5 parts of NaOH for drilling fluid, 20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of deformable plugging particles FDFT-1 produced by Xiyouhua Wei, 40 parts of sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3,3 parts of FA367 produced by Xinxiang Qihua Wei, 20 parts of a commercially available liquid lubricant RH200, 10 parts of a commercially available solid lubricant RT-1 and 103 parts of barite (the density of the barite is 4.3 g/cm) 3 ). The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of three types of 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 2500 meshes.
The specific preparation method of the comparative example comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving 30 parts of sodium bentonite in 1000 parts of water, stirring at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, adding 4 parts of PAC-LV into soil slurry at 8000r/min after hydration for full dissolution, then sequentially adding 30 parts of SPNH,30 parts of SMP-2,5 parts of NaOH,20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of FDFT-1, 40 parts of FT-3,3 parts of FA367, 20 parts of RH200 and 10 parts of solid lubricant, uniformly stirring, finally adding 103 parts of barite, and uniformly stirring to obtain the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8.5, and the system density is 1.20g/cm 3 The main properties are shown in Table 5, the system has large high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss, cannot meet the requirement of safe drilling of a fractured stratum, has large viscosity coefficient and has increased drilling sticking risk.
TABLE 5 drilling fluid Performance of comparative example 1
Example 5:
the drilling fluid system described in this example was tested in situ in several wells in various blocks of Sinkiang, sichuan, etc., wherein the PZ4-2H wells were implemented as follows:
1. performance optimization
The method comprises the steps of preparing secondary well slurry on a PZ4-2H well (by weight, the well slurry comprises 1000 parts of water, 20 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymer filtrate reducer PAC-LV,20 parts of lignite resin SPNH,20 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2,3 parts of NaOH for drilling fluid, 10 parts of deformable plugging particles FDFT-1 produced by Xiyouhua Wei, 15 parts of sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3 produced by Xinxiang heptation and 630 parts of barite, and the system density is 1.50g/cm 3 (ii) a ) On the basis, after indoor experimental optimization, determining the addition of a treating agent: 3 parts of SMPFL-L,20 parts of SPNH,20 parts of SMP-2,3 parts of NaOH,30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate (prepared by compounding superfine calcium carbonate of 800 meshes, 1250 meshes and 2500 meshes according to the weight ratio of 1:
TABLE 6 in-situ optimization experiment of well slurry properties
Through the field indoor optimization experiment, the following results can be found: after optimization, the filtration performance of the on-site drilling fluid is obviously improved, the medium-pressure filtration loss is reduced to 1.5ml from 5.8ml, and the high-temperature high-pressure filtration loss is reduced to 6.4ml from 26ml, and the addition of the micro-nano plugging agent, the deformation plugging agent and the sulfonated fluid loss control material has an obvious effect.
2. System maintenance
(1) According to the performance of the drilling fluid to be tested, high-temperature resistant treating agents SPNH, SMP-2, SMPFL-L and the like are selected to be compounded into gel liquid for maintenance treatment, so that the drilling fluid system is ensured to have good high-temperature resistant stability.
(2) KPAM and the like are used to improve the inhibitive performance of the drilling fluid; the shear dilution characteristic of the drilling fluid is enhanced, and the pump power is favorably improved, so that the aim of improving the mechanical drilling speed is fulfilled.
(3) And (3) maintaining strong plugging property of the drilling fluid by using SMNP-1, SMLS-1, SMCG-2 and the like, strictly controlling the API (American Petroleum institute) filtration loss to be less than or equal to 3mL and the HTHP filtration loss to be less than or equal to 10mL.
(4) The wear prevention measures of the drilling tool and the casing are as follows: and adding enough lubricant into the drilling fluid, keeping the content of the lubricant in the system to be not lower than 4%, and timely supplementing according to the consumption. By observing the change of friction resistance and torque in the drilling and tripping processes, the dosage of the lubricant is increased according to the situation.
(5) And (4) observing the rock debris returning amount in the well drilling process, judging whether rock debris deposition occurs underground or not, and preventing and removing a rock debris bed by using machinery and water power. The maintenance drilling fluid has good rheological property and rock carrying capacity during drilling, the dynamic-plastic ratio is controlled to be between 0.4 and 0.6, and the viscosity value under the condition of low rotating speed is properly increased so as to enhance the rock carrying capacity;
(6) And (3) using good solid control equipment to strictly control the content of poor solid phase and low-density solid phase in the drilling fluid. According to the requirements, a centrifugal machine is used discontinuously, and a deaerator is used when meeting air invasion.
3. Effects of the implementation
In 9 months in 2019, after construction for 19.5 days, the PZ4-2H well is smoothly drilled to the drilling completion well depth 6573m, and the total three-cut footage is 690m. The torque is stable in the rotary guide drilling process, and complex conditions such as blockage and the like do not exist; the returned sand is normal and has no block falling; the drilling fluid has stable performance, which shows that the adopted drilling fluid system better solves the problem of borehole instability of the karst carbonate rock of the Rauqiang slope.
(1) The plugging performance is outstanding, and the well wall stability of the fractured formation is effectively ensured
On the basis of ensuring the content of polymer and sulfonated fluid loss materials in the system, the plugging and consolidation of the drilling fluid system on the micro-cracks of the fractured formation are strengthened. In the implementation process, a better plugging effect is achieved by adopting a mode of compounding a nano material and a micron material and the synergistic action of a particle plugging material and a variable material. In the aspect of physical plugging, according to crack width data obtained by scanning an electron microscope, 800-mesh, 1250-mesh and 2500-mesh ultrafine calcium carbonate is compounded according to the weight ratio of 1. In addition, the system adopts variable plugging materials with different softening points such as SMLS-1 and SMNA-1, which can promote the formation of compact mud cakes with low permeability and reduce the pressure penetration of the drilling fluid in the stratum. In addition, the SMCG-2 can be compressed and assembled under the pressure action of the shaft and is tightly arranged to form a whole, thereby playing the roles of bonding and curing the fractured stratum. By the technical measures, the plugging performance of the system is greatly improved, the filtration loss at the high temperature of 150 ℃ is 1.6-3.0 mL, the filtration loss at the high temperature and the high pressure of 150 ℃ is 8-10 mL (see figure 2) in the system in the drilling process, the high-temperature and high-pressure mud cakes are compact, the toughness is strong, the thickness is less than 1.5mm, the stability of the well wall of a fragmentized well section is ensured, and the returned sand does not fall (the specific rock debris returning condition is shown in figure 1).
As can be seen from figure 1, the returned rock debris is regular and uniform in size, and has no falling blocks, which shows that the system has a good well wall stabilizing effect.
(2) The lubricating property is good, and the good friction reducing and drag reducing effects are achieved.
The addition of the lubricant effectively reduces the lubrication coefficient of the drilling fluid system, and the viscosity coefficient K of the system in the whole three-throw drilling process f 0.08-0.10 (see figure 3), and good lubricating property effectively ensures the rotationThe normal drilling of the steering is realized, the tripping process is smooth, and the maximum friction is 15t.
Claims (21)
1. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water;
15 to 40 parts by weight of drilling fluid bentonite,
5 to 35 parts of micro-nano plugging agent by weight,
20 to 70 parts of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent,
15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel;
polymer cutting agent 1~8 weight portion,
0 to 1600 parts by weight of inert weighting agent;
1.5 to 6 parts by weight of a polymer coating agent;
polymer filtrate reducer 2~8 parts by weight;
20-45 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin;
20 to 45 parts by weight of lignite resin;
5363 parts by weight of alkaline substance 4~9;
20 to 40 parts by weight of superfine calcium carbonate;
the particle size distribution range of the graphene hydrogel is 0.1-20 mu m, and the compression strength is 35-55MPa;
the polymer fluid loss additive is selected from at least one of low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose and sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additives;
the micro-nano plugging agent is a deformable polymer plugging agent; the deformable polymer plugging agent is selected from inorganic/polymer plugging agents with a core-shell structure;
the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent is an asphalt composite anti-collapse agent with different softening points;
the grade of the graphene hydrogel is selected from SMCG-1 and/or SMCG-2;
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the graphene hydrogel is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
weighing 30 to 80mg of graphene oxide, adding 0.2 to 0.4g of urea and 0.1 to 0.4g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, adding water, and uniformly mixing; and (3) putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle, heating for reaction to obtain a crude product, washing and drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel.
2. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water;
15 to 30 parts by weight of drilling fluid bentonite,
10 to 20 parts of micro-nano plugging agent by weight,
30 to 50 weight portions of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent,
20-30 parts of graphene hydrogel;
polymer cutting agent 1~8 weight portion,
and 0-1600 parts by weight of inert weighting agent.
3. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1 or 2, wherein the polymer coating agent is selected from at least one of a zwitterionic polymer coating agent and a partially hydrolyzed potassium polyacrylamide salt.
4. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
based on 1000 parts by weight of water, the amount of the polymer coating agent is 2~3 parts by weight.
5. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the dosage of the polymer fluid loss additive is 3~7 weight parts based on 1000 weight parts of the water.
6. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the dosage of the sulfomethyl phenolic resin is 30 to 40 parts by weight calculated by 1000 parts by weight of the water.
7. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
based on 1000 parts by weight of water, the amount of the polymer cutting agent is 2~4 parts by weight;
the polymer extracting and cutting agent is at least one of modified xanthan gum, hyperbranched acrylamides and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid polymers.
8. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the particle size of the micro-nano plugging agent is 0.1-1.0 mu m.
9. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the softening point range of the asphalt composite anti-collapse agent is 60-160 ℃.
10. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising a lubricant;
the lubricant is selected from extreme pressure lubricants;
the dosage of the lubricant is 20 to 45 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
11. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 10, wherein:
the dosage of the lubricant is 25 to 45 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
12. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the lignite resin is 30-40 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
13. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the alkaline substance is selected from NaOH and/or KOH.
14. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the amount of the alkaline substance is 5~6 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
15. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the particle size of the superfine calcium carbonate is at least one of 300 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes, 1250 meshes and 2500 meshes;
the inert weighting agent is selected from barite.
16. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the dosage of the superfine calcium carbonate is 25 to 30 parts by weight calculated by 1000 parts by weight of the water.
17. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the variability degree of the graphene hydrogel is 40-65%.
18. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein:
in the preparation method of the graphene hydrogel,
the temperature is increased to 120-160 ℃.
19. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the graphene oxide is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
putting 1.0-3.0 g of graphite powder into 8-20 g of mixed solution at 70-85 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature; diluting with water, standing, washing, filtering, drying, and adding into 60-100ml H at 0~2 deg.C 2 SO 4 Adding 6 to 10gKMnO 4 Stirring at 30 to 40 ℃, adding deionized water and 20 to 40% 2 O 2 The mixture is washed and filtered until the color of the mixture becomes bright yellow;
the mixed solution is selected from H 2 SO 4 、K 2 S 2 O 8 And P 2 O 5 The mixed solution of (1); wherein H 2 SO 4 ：K 2 S 2 O 8 ：P 2 O 5 The weight ratio of: (6) - (10): (0.5) - (1.2): 0.5) - (1.2).
20. The preparation method of the anti-collapse drilling fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 19, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using the water and the bentonite for drilling fluid; and then adding components including the micro-nano plugging agent, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, the graphene hydrogel, the polymer shear strength improving agent, the polymer coating agent, the polymer filtrate loss reducer, the sulfomethyl phenolic resin, the lignite resin, the alkaline substance and the superfine calcium carbonate into the bentonite slurry, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the bentonite slurry.
21. Use of an anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any of claims 1-19 or a drilling fluid prepared by the method according to claim 20 in drilling of fractured carbonate formations.
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