CN113637464A - Anti-sloughing drilling fluid and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Anti-sloughing drilling fluid and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
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- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid for a breakable carbonate stratum and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of petroleum drilling. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid can comprise the following components in parts by weight: 1000 parts of water, 15-40 parts of drilling fluid bentonite, 5-35 parts of micro-nano plugging agent, 20-70 parts of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, 15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel and 0-1600 parts of inert weighting agent. The anti-collapse drilling fluid disclosed by the invention has good anti-collapse performance, rheological performance, temperature resistance and lubricating performance, can effectively reduce the borehole wall instability risk of a fractured carbonate rock stratum, reduces bit bouncing and blocking, ensures safe underground construction, and has a wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of petroleum drilling, in particular to an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Since 2007, exploration and development of carbonate rock strata of Shanxi sea facies gap slope group are made an important breakthrough, and the method has the resource potential of integrally submitting 3000-5000 hundred million square to prove reserves. However, the slope stratum of the river-west sea mine junction is broken, the stratum cementation is poor, the bedding and cracks develop, the instability of the well wall is prominent, and the complex conditions such as blockage, drill sticking, leakage and the like frequently occur in the drilling and coring processes, so that the underground safety is seriously threatened. According to statistics, 13 times of drilling sticking occur in the 6 completed wells in the early stage, and the loss time of the complex time effect is about 230 d; the drilling sticking probability of the fourth stage of thunder is 77.8 percent; and 7 times of block dropping and drill blocking are carried out, and the drill blocking probability is 77.8 percent. The YS1 well core drill assembly is drilled down to 5754.04m and meets a resistance card, the core drill is drilled to 5796m and meets the resistance card, and the reverse reaming is carried out at the well depth of 5799.63m and meets the resistance; the PZ1 well has 1-time card blocking event in the four sections of the mine, and the development progress of the western-style-in-the-Sichuan sea-phase oil-gas resources is restricted. And multiple wells in northwest China meet the fractured carbonate stratum, the conditions of serious drilling inhibition, serious block falling, blockage and the like occur to different degrees, the accidents of drilling blockage and drilling tool breakage occur seriously, the underground safety is threatened greatly, the damage to the drilling construction is large, and the great economic loss is caused, so that the problem which troubles the petroleum engineering boundary at home and abroad is solved.
Chinese patent with publication number CN103740343B (application number 201410021057.X) introduces Na2SiO3The invention relates to a-KCl anti-collapse drilling fluid and a preparation method thereof, and the drilling fluid is mainly used for reducing diameter, well collapse and drilling stuck of a strongly hydrated dispersed shale stratumHowever, the means for preventing collapse is Na2SiO3The plugging effect and the inhibition effect of KCl are relatively single in means and limited in effect. The KCl plugging anti-collapse drilling fluid provided by the Chinese patent with the publication number of CN104277803A (application number of 201410451916.9) mainly achieves the effects of plugging and preventing collapse by plugging and coating a well wall through modified asphalt and a film-forming wall-fixing material, but the method cannot achieve the effect of well wall solidification on the fractured carbonate rock. Similarly, chinese patents with publication numbers CN105038736A (application number 201510335511.3) and CN 104962257a (application number 201510335509.6) also respectively disclose positive electric polyol anti-collapse drilling fluid and friction-reducing silicon-based anti-collapse drilling fluid systems, which mainly use positive electric polyol, organosilicon and other materials to block rock cracks and microcracks in shale formations, but the blocking effect is not obvious, and the curing effect on the breakable formations cannot be formed. Zhujinzhi and the like (Zhujinzhi, Zhoushui, Tashen 1 well destructive dolomite stratum collapse prevention technology, oil drilling technology 1999.4.) through a series of indoor plugging tests, the plugging to stratum cracks and microcracks is strengthened by adopting drilling fluid with proper density and adding plugging materials with proper softening point and smaller granularity on site, but the effect of solidifying the wall of a well in a destructive stratum cannot be achieved only by asphalt plugging materials. Huangjie (Huangjie, Longshen 1 well broken zone stratum leak-proof leak-stopping technique and well wall stability, West prospecting engineering 2008) introduces the broken stratum drill jamming condition of Longshen 1 well mine mouth slope group, and provides the physicochemical sealing-hydration inhibition-chemical reverse osmosis-effective stress support and quaternary synergy drilling fluid anti-collapse technical theory, which has guiding significance for formulating the technical measures for stabilizing the broken carbonate rock stratum well wall, but does not provide concrete operation measures for the aspect of drilling fluid.
Therefore, if the drilling fluid for safe drilling of the fractured carbonate rock can be developed, the fractured carbonate rock is prevented from collapsing and falling into blocks, the problem of borehole instability can be solved, the time for processing complex conditions in a well is shortened, and the drilling fluid has extremely important social and economic significance for reducing the comprehensive drilling cost, improving the drilling efficiency and accelerating the exploration and development speed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-collapse drilling fluid, which aims to solve the problems that when a fractured carbonate rock stratum is drilled, the stratum is easy to collapse and fall blocks, so that the conditions of abnormal torque and complex blockage are caused, and the underground safe drilling is seriously influenced in the prior art. In particular to an anti-sloughing drilling fluid and a preparation method and application thereof. The drilling fluid has good anti-collapse capability and bonding wall-fixing effect, good lubricating property and excellent temperature resistance, can greatly improve the rock-carrying capability of the drilling fluid, is convenient to carry large dropping blocks, keeps a borehole smooth, prevents blockage and ensures the underground safety. Compared with other systems, the system can form bonding and curing on a breakable stratum, achieves the effect of strengthening and reinforcing the well wall, can effectively prevent the instability of the well wall, and has good field application effect.
One purpose of the invention is to provide an anti-sloughing drilling fluid which comprises the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water;
15-40 parts by weight of drilling fluid bentonite, preferably 15-30 parts by weight,
5-35 parts by weight of micro-nano plugging agent, preferably 10-20 parts by weight,
20-70 parts by weight of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, preferably 30-50 parts by weight,
15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel, preferably 20-30 parts;
0-1600 parts by weight of an inert weighting agent.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the drilling fluid bentonite can be used for adjusting the flow type and reducing the fluid loss, and can be specifically sodium bentonite.
The micro-nano plugging agent can be inorganic/polymer with a core-shell structure; the particle size of the inorganic/polymer of the core-shell structure can be 0.1-1.0 μm. The micro-nano plugging agent can be selected from a variable polymer plugging agent, and specifically can be an inorganic/polymer plugging agent with a core-shell structure. The micro-nano plugging agent is matched with superfine calcium carbonate, so that the plugging effect on the microcracks can be further enhanced. Specifically, the micro-nano plugging agent can be a deformable polymer plugging agent SMNP-1 developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical research institute and a deformable plugging particle FDFT-1 produced by Chengdu xi oil Hua Wei science and technology Limited company.
The using amount of the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent is 20-70 parts by weight, preferably 30-50 parts by weight, and more preferably 35-45 parts by weight; the anti-collapse agent can be an asphalt composite anti-collapse agent with different softening points, the softening point range is preferably 60-160 ℃, and the anti-collapse agent can meet the requirements of different well sections. The application adopts the temperature-sensitive asphaltene plugging anti-collapse agent to further fill and isolate well wall rocks and prevent the permeation of filtrate in the well. Specifically, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent can be at least one of SMNA-1 (softening point 80-160 ℃), SMShield-2 (softening point 60-150 ℃), SMLS-1 (softening point 140-160 ℃) or SMLS-2 (softening point 120-160 ℃) which are developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute and sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3 (produced by seventh chemical industry Co., Ltd., New rural area, softening point 120-140 ℃).
The graphene hydrogel can be compressed and assembled under the action of the pressure of a shaft, and is tightly arranged to form a whole, so that the crushed stratum is bonded and solidified, and the generation of falling blocks is prevented. The gel formed by the drilling fluid has higher compression strength and elasticity, and the components are dispersed in a drilling fluid system in micron-sized particles, can be plastically deformed under the action of pressure difference after contacting with a well wall, and are mutually bonded to form a whole, so that the effect of strengthening and reinforcing the well wall is achieved. Preferably, the particle size distribution range of the graphene hydrogel can be 0.1-20 μm, the variability degree can be 40-65%, and the compressive strength can be 35-55 MPa. Specifically, the graphene hydrogel can be SMCG-1 (the particle size distribution range in a system is 3-20 microns, the variability degree is 45%, and the compressive strength is 50MPa) and SMCG-2 (the particle size distribution range in the system is 0.1-10 microns, the variability degree is 60%, and the compressive strength is 40MPa) which are developed by the China petrochemical petroleum engineering institute.
Alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the graphene hydrogel can be prepared by the following method:
weighing 30-80 mg of graphene oxide, adding 0.2-0.4 g of urea and 0.1-0.4 g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, adding water, and uniformly mixing; and (3) putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle, heating for reaction to obtain a crude product, washing and drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel. The temperature can be raised to 120-160 ℃, and the reaction time can be 6-10 h.
Specifically, the preparation method of the graphene hydrogel can comprise the following steps:
weighing 30-80 mg (preferably 40-70 mg) of graphene oxide GO, adding 0.2-0.4 g (preferably 0.25-0.35 g) of urea and 0.2-0.4 g (0.25-0.35 g) of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, and then adding 10-50 mL (preferably 25-35 mL) of distilled water. Ultrasonically dispersing the mixed substances for 1-4 h (preferably 1.5-2.5 h), then putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 120-160 ℃, and reacting for 6-10 h to obtain a dark green graphene hydrogel crude product. And washing the obtained graphene hydrogel crude product with ethanol and deionized water for multiple times respectively, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel product for the anti-sloughing drilling fluid.
The specific preparation method of the graphene oxide GO comprises the following steps:
putting 1.0-3.0 g of graphite powder into 8-20 g of mixed solution at 70-85 ℃ for reaction for 3-7 hours, and then cooling to room temperature; diluting with water, standing, washing, filtering and drying, and adding 60-100 ml of H at 0-2 DEG C2SO4In the preparation, 6-10 g of KMnO is added4Then stirring at 30-40 ℃, and then adding deionized water and 20-40% H2O2The mixture turns into bright yellow, and the product can be obtained after washing and filtering.
Specifically, the specific preparation method of graphene oxide GO may include the following steps: putting 1.0-3.0 g (preferably 1.5-2.5 g) of graphite powder into 8-20 g of mixed solution at 70-85 ℃ for 3-7 hours (preferably 4.5-5.5 hours), and cooling to room temperature; diluting the mixture evenly with 150-300 ml (preferably 175-250 ml) of deionized water, and standing the mixture for 16-34 hours (preferably 20-30 hours); washing and filtering the mixture by using a Buchner funnel until the pH value is neutral, drying the mixture, and adding the dried mixture into 60-100 ml of H at the temperature of 0-2 DEG C2SO4(preferably 70-80 mL); slowly adding 6-10 g (preferably 7-8 g) of KMnO under the stirring condition4. Stirring the mixture at 30-40 ℃ for 1-5 hours, and then adding 300-500 ml (preferably 350-450 ml)Deionized water and 8-12 ml (preferably 9-11 ml) of 20-40% H2O2And finally, washing and filtering the mixture by using 10-30% HCl aqueous solution until the color of the mixture becomes bright yellow. Wherein the mixed solution is selected from H2SO4、K2S2O8And P2O5The mixed solution of (1); wherein H2SO4：K2S2O8：P2O5The weight ratio of: (6-10), (0.5-1.2), preferably (8-10), (0.8-1.2).
The inert weighting agent may be selected from inert weighting agents commonly found in the art, such as barite weighting materials. The density of the barite weighting material can be 3.8-4.3 g/cm3。
Preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise a polymer coating agent; the amount of the polymer coating agent is 1.5-6 parts by weight, preferably 2-3 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymer coating agent can be selected from at least one of a zwitterionic polymer coating agent (specifically selected from FA367 and the like), a partially hydrolyzed potassium polyacrylamide (specifically selected from K-PAM and the like). The polymer coating agent is mainly used for preventing clay minerals existing in the stratum from hydration and expansion to cause poor solid phase pollution.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise a polymer fluid loss additive; the dosage of the polymer fluid loss additive is 2-8 parts by weight, preferably 3-7 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymeric fluid loss additive may be selected from at least one of low viscosity polyanionic cellulose (specifically selected from low viscosity modified polyanionic cellulose, such as PAC-LV), sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additives; wherein the sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additive (specifically, SMPFL-L, SMPFL-M produced by China petrochemical engineering and technology research institute, DSP-2 produced by Shandong Shunyuan petroleum technology Co., Ltd.) is at least one.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise sulfomethyl phenolic resin; the amount of the sulfomethyl phenolic resin is 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water. The sulfomethyl phenolic resin and the lignite resin have the effects of improving the quality of mud cakes and reducing the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss of the drilling fluid, and have strong temperature resistance and salt resistance. The sulfomethyl phenolic resin can be used for reducing water loss at high temperature and high pressure.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise a polymer cutting agent; the amount of the polymer cutting agent is 1-8 parts by weight, preferably 2-4 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the polymer shear strength improving agent is mainly used for adjusting the rheological form of drilling fluid and improving the shear force of a system, the dynamic-plastic ratio of the system can reach 0.4-1.0, the polymer shear strength improving agent is convenient to carry, large in size and free from chipping, and the smoothness of a well hole is kept. The polymer stripping and cutting agent can be selected from at least one of modified xanthan gum, hyperbranched acrylamides and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic Acid (AMPS) polymers. Specifically, the modified xanthan gum can be selected from an efficient cutting agent SMTQ-1 which is produced by China petrochemical petroleum engineering institute and has low tackifying effect, the tackifying effect in a system is not obvious, and the dynamic-plastic ratio of the system can be effectively improved; the hyperbranched acrylamide and AMPS polymer can be selected from high-efficiency cutting-off agent SMTQ-2 produced by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical institute.
Preferably, the anti-collapse drilling fluid can also comprise a lubricant; in particular from extreme pressure lubricants; the amount of the extreme pressure lubricant is 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 45 parts by weight, and more preferably 27 to 35 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water. The lubricant can adopt at least one of SMJH-1 developed by China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical research institute and high temperature resistant and saturated salt resistant lubricants (such as RH220 and RH200 of Chengdui oil Hua Wei science and technology Limited).
Preferably, the anti-collapse drilling fluid can also comprise lignite resin; the amount of the lignite resin may be 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 40 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise an alkaline substance; the amount of the alkaline substance is 4-9 parts by weight, preferably 5-6 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the alkaline substance may be selected from NaOH and/or KOH. The alkaline substance is used for adjusting the pH value of the system to 8-11.
Preferably, the anti-sloughing drilling fluid can also comprise superfine calcium carbonate; the amount of the superfine calcium carbonate is 20 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 30 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water; the superfine calcium carbonate is mainly used for plugging cracks and micro cracks existing in a large amount in a fractured stratum. The particle sizes are divided into 300 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes, 1250 meshes and 2500 meshes according to different particle sizes, and in the actual operation process, the components are compounded according to different sizes of stratum fractures to obtain the optimal particle size ratio.
The drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has excellent wall bonding and fixing capacity, and can effectively prevent the collapse and block falling of the breakable carbonate rock; the system has excellent lubricating performance, and can effectively reduce the friction resistance of highly deviated wells and horizontal wells; the system has strong rock-carrying capacity, effectively cleans and carries the falling blocks, and keeps the well smooth.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the anti-sloughing drilling fluid, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using the water and the bentonite for drilling fluid; and then adding components including the micro-nano plugging agent, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent and the graphene hydrogel into the hydrated bentonite slurry, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the bentonite slurry.
Preferably, the following steps may be included:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using water and drilling fluid bentonite (the specific method is that a proper amount of drilling fluid bentonite is added into water, and the mixture is stirred for 24-48 hours until the bentonite is fully hydrated); then adding a polymer fluid loss additive into the hydrated bentonite slurry; respectively adding sulfomethyl phenolic resin, lignite resin, alkaline substances, superfine calcium carbonate, a micro-nano plugging agent, a temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, graphene hydrogel and a lubricant after the materials are fully dissolved, then adding a polymer coating agent and a polymer cutting agent, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the composite material.
The reactor or the reaction apparatus used in the production method of the present invention is a reactor or a reaction apparatus which is generally used in the prior art.
The invention also aims to provide the drilling fluid prepared by the preparation method.
The fourth purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the anti-collapse drilling fluid in the drilling of the fractured carbonate stratum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has extremely strong anti-collapse performance, is suitable for drilling in a common shale stratum, and has a remarkable effect on anti-collapse of a breakable carbonate stratum;
2. according to the invention, micro-nano plugging agents with different particle size grades are used for plugging fractured formation micro-cracks, and a temperature-sensitive asphaltene plugging anti-collapse agent is used for further filling and isolating well wall rocks to prevent filtrate in a shaft from permeating. In addition, the system further introduces graphene cement glue, can be assembled in a compressed mode under the action of the pressure of the shaft, is tightly arranged to form a whole, and plays a role in bonding and curing the fractured stratum.
3. Compared with the conventional drilling fluid, the drilling fluid system disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of high shearing force and high dynamic-plastic ratio, is more convenient to carry, has larger size, falls into blocks, keeps a well smooth and ensures underground safety;
4. the drilling fluid system has strong temperature resistance which can reach 160 ℃; the lubricating property is good, and the drilling fluid is suitable for drilling a highly deviated well or a long horizontal well;
5. the anti-collapse drilling fluid system suitable for the fractured carbonate stratum has good anti-collapse performance, rheological performance, temperature resistance and lubricating performance, the plastic viscosity PV is 20-50 mPa & s, the dynamic shear force YP is 5.0-20.0 Pa, the primary/final cutting Gel is 1.0-30.0 Pa/5.0-60.0 Pa, the dynamic-plastic ratio is 0.4-1.0, the high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss at 160 ℃ is less than 6mL, the extreme pressure lubricating coefficient is less than 0.13, the borehole instability risk of the fractured carbonate stratum can be effectively reduced, drilling and blocking are reduced, underground safe construction is guaranteed, and the anti-collapse drilling fluid system has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the rock debris flowback of example 5;
FIG. 2 is example 5 drilling fluid loss, where FLHTHPFor high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss in three-throw drilling process, FLAPIMedium pressure filtration loss; the abscissa is depth (m) and the ordinate is fluid loss (mL);
FIG. 3 is the drilling fluid viscosity coefficient of example 5; the abscissa is depth (m) and the ordinate is viscosity coefficient.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
The endpoints of the ranges and any values disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and such ranges or values should be understood to encompass values close to those ranges or values. For ranges of values, between the endpoints of each of the ranges and the individual points, and between the individual points may be combined with each other to give one or more new ranges of values, and these ranges of values should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
The raw materials of the example are all commercial products.
Example 1:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a breakable carbonate stratum, which comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 30 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymer filtrate reducer PAC-L V (Zhengzhou eastern auxiliary agent Co., Ltd.), 30 parts of lignite resin SPNH (Kunming Jinsida chemical Co., Ltd.), 30 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2 (Zhengzhou eastern auxiliary agent Co., Ltd.) for drilling fluid, 5 parts of NaOH, 20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1 (particle size of 0.1-10 μm, China petrochemical engineering institute of Petroleum engineering), 20 parts of SM-Shield-2 (China petrochemical engineering institute of Petroleum engineering), 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMCG-2 (China petrochemical engineering institute of Petroleum engineering), 4 parts of SMTQ-1 (China petrochemical engineering institute of Petroleum engineering), 3 parts of FA367 (Nanhao Feng chemical Co., Ltd.), 30 parts of SMJH-1 (China petrochemical petroleum engineering technical research institute) and 103 parts of barite (the density of the barite is 4.3 g/cm)3). The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 250 meshes0 mesh, three kinds of the components are mixed according to equal weight proportion.
The specific preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving 30 parts of sodium bentonite in 1000 parts of water, stirring at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, adding 4 parts of LV-PAC into soil slurry at 8000r/min after hydration to fully dissolve, then sequentially adding 30 parts of SPNH, 30 parts of SMP-2, 5 parts of NaOH, 20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SM-Shield-2, 20 parts of SMCG-2, 4 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of FA367 and 30 parts of SMJH-1, stirring uniformly, finally adding 103 parts of barite, and stirring uniformly to obtain the collapse-preventing drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8.5, and the system density is 1.20g/cm3The main properties are shown in table 1, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met. Each test item in Table 1 was performed according to the standard described in GB-T-167483.1-2006.
Table 1 example 1 drilling fluid properties
Example 2:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a fractured carbonate rock stratum, which comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 25 parts of sodium bentonite, 6 parts of SMPFL-L (China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute), 30 parts of SPNH, 30 parts of SMP-2, 6 parts of NaOH, 25 parts of ultrafine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1 (China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute), 20 parts of SMNA-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2, 3 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of FA, 30 parts of SMJH-1 and 630 parts of barite. The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of three types of 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 2500 meshes. All the components are commercial products.
The specific preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, 25 parts of sodium bentonite is dissolved in 1000 parts of water, stirred at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, 6 parts of SMPFL-L are added into soil slurry for full dissolution under the condition of 8000r/min after hydration, then 30 parts of SPNH, 30 parts of SMP-2, 6 parts of NaOH, 25 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2, 3 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of FA367 and 30 parts of SMJH-1 are sequentially added and stirred uniformly, and finally 630 parts of barite is added and stirred uniformly to prepare the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 9.0, and the system density is 1.50g/cm3The main properties are shown in table 2, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met.
Table 2 example 2 drilling fluid properties
Example 3:
the embodiment relates to an anti-collapse drilling fluid suitable for safe drilling of a fractured carbonate rock stratum, which comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 15 parts of sodium bentonite, 6 parts of SMPFL-L, 35 parts of SPNH, 35 parts of SMP-2, 6 parts of NaOH, 30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 10 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2, 4 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of KPAM, 30 parts of SMJH-1 and 1300 parts of barite. The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of 800 meshes and 2500 meshes. All the components are commercial products.
The specific preparation method of the embodiment comprises the following steps: firstly, 15 parts of sodium bentonite is dissolved in 1000 parts of water, the mixture is stirred at 500r/min for 24 hours to be fully hydrated, 6 parts of SMPFL-L is added into soil slurry to be fully dissolved under the condition of 8000r/min after the mixture is hydrated, then 35 parts of SPNH, 35 parts of SMP-2, 6 parts of NaOH, 30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 10 parts of SMNP-1, 20 parts of SMNA-1, 20 parts of SMLS-1, 25 parts of SMCG-2, 4 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of KPAM (produced by Zhengzhou Oriental auxiliary agent Co., Ltd.) and 30 parts of SMJH-1 are added and stirred uniformly, and finally 1300 parts of barite is added and stirred uniformly to prepare the collapse-preventing drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 9.0, and the system density is 1.81g/cm3The main properties are shown in table 3, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met.
Table 3 example 3 drilling fluid properties
Example 4:
the preparation procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the SMCG-2 was replaced with graphene hydrogel GPH. The specific preparation method of the graphene hydrogel GPH comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing graphene oxide GO: 2g of graphite powder (SNO natural graphite powder from SEC of Japan) was placed in a volume of 80 ℃ H2SO4(5mL)、K2S2O8(1.0g) and P2O5(1.0g) the mixed solution was left for 5 hours and cooled to room temperature; then diluting the mixture evenly with 200ml of deionized water and standing the mixture for 24 hours; the mixture was washed with a Buchner funnel until the pH was neutral, dried and added to 80ml H at 0 deg.C2SO4(80 mL); slowly add 8g KMnO with stirring4. The mixture was stirred at 35 ℃ for 2 hours, after which 400ml of deionized water and 10ml of 30% H were added2O2And (3) washing and filtering the mixture by using a 10% HCl aqueous solution until the color of the mixture becomes bright yellow for later use.
And preparing graphene hydrogel GPH: 60mg of graphene oxide GO is weighed, 0.3g of urea and 0.3g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate are added, and then 30mL of distilled water is added. Ultrasonically dispersing the mixed substances for 2h, then putting the materials into a reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, heating to 160 ℃, and reacting for 8h to obtain a dark green graphene hydrogel crude product. And washing the obtained graphene hydrogel crude product with ethanol and deionized water for 3 times respectively, and freeze-drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel product for the anti-sloughing drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8-11, and the system density is 1.20g/cm3The main properties are shown in table 4, and the requirements of safe drilling and carrying of the fractured formation are met.
Table 4 example 4 drilling fluid properties
Comparative example 1:
the anti-collapse drilling fluid comprises, by weight, 1000 parts of water, 30 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymer filtrate reducer PAC-LV, 30 parts of lignite resin SPNH, 30 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2 for drilling fluid, 5 parts of NaOH, 20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of deformable plugging particles FDFT-1 produced by West oil Hua Wei, 40 parts of sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3 produced by Xinxiang Qihua, 3 parts of FA367, 20 parts of a commercially available liquid lubricant RH200, 10 parts of a commercially available solid lubricant RT-1 and 103 parts of barite (the density of the barite is 4.3 g/cm)3). The grain size of the superfine calcium carbonate is mixed according to the equal weight proportion of three types of 500 meshes, 800 meshes and 2500 meshes.
The specific preparation method of the comparative example comprises the following steps: firstly, dissolving 30 parts of sodium bentonite in 1000 parts of water, stirring at 500r/min for 24 hours for full hydration, adding 4 parts of PAC-LV into soil slurry at 8000r/min after hydration for full dissolution, then sequentially adding and uniformly stirring 30 parts of SPNH, 30 parts of SMP-2, 5 parts of NaOH, 20 parts of superfine calcium carbonate, 15 parts of FDFT-1, 40 parts of FT-3, 3 parts of FA367, 20 parts of RH200 and 10 parts of solid lubricant, finally adding and uniformly stirring 103 parts of barite, and preparing the anti-collapse drilling fluid.
The pH value of the high-density water-based drilling fluid is 8.5, and the system density is 1.20g/cm3The main properties are shown in Table 5, the system has large high-temperature and high-pressure filtration loss, cannot meet the requirement of safe drilling of a fractured stratum, has large viscosity coefficient and has increased drilling sticking risk.
TABLE 5 drilling fluid Performance of comparative example 1
Example 5:
the drilling fluid system described in this example was tested in situ in several wells in various blocks of Sinkiang, Sichuan, etc., wherein the PZ4-2H well was implemented as follows:
1. performance optimization
A PZ4-2H well slurry (comprising, in parts by weight, 1000 parts of water, 20 parts of sodium bentonite, 4 parts of a polymeric fluid loss additive PAC) was run on a wellLV, 20 parts of lignite resin SPNH, 20 parts of sulfomethyl phenolic resin SMP-2 for drilling fluid, 3 parts of NaOH, 10 parts of deformable plugging particles FDFT-1 produced by Xiyouhua Wei, 15 parts of sulfonated asphalt powder FT-3 produced by Xinxiang heptazation and 630 parts of barite; the density of the system is 1.50g/cm3(ii) a ) On the basis, after indoor experimental optimization, determining the addition of a treating agent: 3 parts of SMPFL-L, 20 parts of SPNH, 20 parts of SMP-2, 3 parts of NaOH, 30 parts of superfine calcium carbonate (prepared by compounding 800-mesh, 1250-mesh and 2500-mesh superfine calcium carbonate according to the weight ratio of 1:1: 1), 10 parts of SMNP-1, 15 parts of SMLS-1, 15 parts of SMNA-1 (China petrochemical petroleum engineering research institute), 25 parts of SMCG-2, 4 parts of SMTQ-1, 3 parts of K-PAM and 30 parts of SMJH-1 are added and uniformly stirred, and after rolling aging at 150 ℃ for 16h, the performances are as follows:
TABLE 6 in-situ optimization experiment of well slurry properties
Through the field indoor optimization experiment, the following results can be found: after optimization, the on-site drilling fluid filtration loss performance is obviously improved, the medium-pressure filtration loss is reduced to 1.5ml from 5.8ml, the high-temperature high-pressure filtration loss is reduced to 6.4ml from 26ml, and the addition of the micro-nano plugging agent, the deformation plugging agent and the sulfonated fluid loss reduction material has an obvious effect.
2. System maintenance
(1) According to the performance of the drilling fluid to be tested, high-temperature resistant treating agents SPNH, SMP-2, SMPFL-L and the like are selected to be compounded into gel liquid for maintenance treatment, so that the drilling fluid system is ensured to have good high-temperature resistant stability.
(2) KPAM and the like are used to improve the inhibitive performance of the drilling fluid; the shear dilution characteristic of the drilling fluid is enhanced, and the pump power is favorably improved, so that the aim of improving the mechanical drilling speed is fulfilled.
(3) And (3) maintaining strong plugging property of the drilling fluid by using SMNP-1, SMLS-1, SMCG-2 and the like, and strictly controlling the API (American Petroleum institute) filtration loss to be less than or equal to 3mL and the HTHP filtration loss to be less than or equal to 10 mL.
(4) The wear prevention measures of the drilling tool and the casing are as follows: adding enough lubricant into the drilling fluid, keeping the content of the lubricant in the system to be not less than 4 percent, and timely supplementing according to the consumption. By observing the change of friction resistance and torque in the drilling and tripping processes, the dosage of the lubricant is increased according to the situation.
(5) And (4) observing the rock debris returning amount in the well drilling process, judging whether rock debris deposition occurs underground or not, and preventing and removing a rock debris bed by using machinery and water power. The drilling fluid has good rheological property and rock carrying capacity during drilling, the dynamic-plastic ratio is controlled to be 0.4-0.6, and the viscosity value under the condition of low rotating speed is properly increased so as to enhance the rock carrying capacity;
(6) and (3) using good solid control equipment to strictly control the content of poor solid phase and low-density solid phase in the drilling fluid. According to the requirement, a centrifugal machine is used discontinuously, and a deaerator is used when meeting air invasion.
3. Effects of the implementation
And in 9 months in 2019, after construction for 19.5 days, the PZ4-2H well is smoothly drilled to the drilling completion well depth of 6573m, and the total three-cut footage is 690 m. The torque is stable in the rotary guide drilling process, and complex conditions such as blockage and the like do not exist; the returned sand is normal and has no block falling; the drilling fluid has stable performance, which shows that the adopted drilling fluid system better solves the problem of borehole instability of the karst carbonate rock of the Rauqiang slope.
(1) The plugging performance is outstanding, and the well wall stability of the fractured formation is effectively ensured
On the basis of ensuring the content of polymer and sulfonated fluid loss materials in the system, the plugging and consolidation of the drilling fluid system on the micro-cracks of the fractured formation are strengthened. In the implementation process, a good plugging effect is achieved by adopting a mode of compounding a nano material and a micron material and the synergistic action of a particle plugging material and a variable material. In the aspect of physical plugging, according to crack width data obtained by scanning an electron microscope, 800-mesh, 1250-mesh and 2500-mesh ultrafine calcium carbonate is compounded according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1, and materials such as SMNP-1 are combined, so that good particle size distribution is formed, the crack width is well matched, and a good physical plugging effect is achieved. In addition, the system adopts variable plugging materials with different softening points, such as SMLS-1, SMNA-1 and the like, so that the formation of compact mud cakes with low permeability can be promoted, and the pressure penetration effect of the drilling fluid in the stratum is reduced. In addition, the addition of the SMCG-2 can be compressed and assembled under the action of the pressure of the shaft and tightly arranged to form a whole, thereby playing the roles of bonding and curing the fractured stratum. By the technical measures, the plugging performance of the system is greatly improved, the filtration loss under pressure in the system is 1.6-3.0 mL, the filtration loss under high temperature and high pressure is 8-10 mL at 150 ℃ (see FIG. 2) in the drilling process, the high-temperature and high-pressure mud cake is compact, the toughness is strong, the thickness is less than 1.5mm, the well wall stability of the breakable well section is ensured, and the returned sand does not fall (see FIG. 1 for the specific rock debris return condition).
As can be seen from figure 1, the returned rock debris is regular and uniform in size, and has no falling blocks, which shows that the system has a good well wall stabilizing effect.
(2) The lubricating property is good, and the good friction reducing and drag reducing effects are achieved.
The addition of the lubricant effectively reduces the lubrication coefficient of the drilling fluid system, and the viscosity coefficient K of the system in the whole three-throw drilling processf0.08-0.10 (see figure 3), the good lubricating property effectively ensures the normal drilling of the rotary guide, the smooth process of tripping and the maximum friction resistance of 15 t.
Claims (16)
1. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight:
1000 parts by weight of water;
15-40 parts by weight of drilling fluid bentonite, preferably 15-30 parts by weight,
5-35 parts by weight of micro-nano plugging agent, preferably 10-20 parts by weight,
20-70 parts by weight of temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent, preferably 30-50 parts by weight,
15-30 parts of graphene hydrogel, preferably 20-30 parts;
0-1600 parts by weight of an inert weighting agent.
2. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a polymer coating agent;
based on 1000 parts by weight of water, the amount of the polymer coating agent is 1.5-6 parts by weight, preferably 2-3 parts by weight;
the polymer coating agent is selected from at least one of a zwitterionic polymer coating agent and a partially hydrolyzed potassium polyacrylamide salt.
3. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a polymeric fluid loss additive;
the dosage of the polymer fluid loss additive is 2-8 parts by weight, preferably 3-7 parts by weight, calculated by the dosage of the water being 1000 parts by weight;
the polymer fluid loss additive is selected from at least one of low-viscosity polyanionic cellulose and sulfonate copolymer fluid loss additives.
4. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, characterized by comprising a sulfometyl phenol-formaldehyde resin:
the amount of the sulfomethyl phenolic resin is 20-45 parts by weight, preferably 30-40 parts by weight, calculated by the amount of the water being 1000 parts by weight.
5. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a polymer shear-enhancing agent;
the amount of the polymer cutting agent is 1-8 parts by weight, preferably 2-4 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water;
the polymer stripping and cutting agent is at least one of modified xanthan gum, hyperbranched acrylamides and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid polymers.
6. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the micro-nano plugging agent is a deformable polymer plugging agent; the deformable polymer plugging agent is selected from inorganic/polymer plugging agents with a core-shell structure; the particle size of the micro-nano plugging agent is 0.1-1.0 mu m.
7. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, wherein:
the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent is an asphalt composite anti-collapse agent with different softening points, and the softening point range is 60-160 ℃.
8. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a lubricant;
the lubricant is selected from extreme pressure lubricants;
the amount of the lubricant is 20 to 45 parts by weight, preferably 25 to 45 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water.
9. The anti-sloughing drilling fluid of claim 1, characterized by comprising a lignite resin;
the lignite resin is prepared from 20-45 parts by weight of lignite resin, preferably 30-40 parts by weight of lignite resin, wherein the amount of water is 1000 parts by weight.
10. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an alkaline substance;
the amount of the alkaline substance is 4-9 parts by weight, preferably 5-6 parts by weight, based on 1000 parts by weight of the water;
the alkaline substance is selected from NaOH and/or KOH.
11. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 1, characterized by comprising ultra-fine calcium carbonate;
the amount of the superfine calcium carbonate is 20-40 parts by weight, preferably 25-30 parts by weight, calculated by the amount of the water being 1000 parts by weight;
the particle size of the superfine calcium carbonate is at least one of 300 meshes, 500 meshes, 800 meshes, 1250 meshes and 2500 meshes;
the inert weighting agent is selected from barite.
12. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein:
the particle size distribution range of the graphene hydrogel is 0.1-20 mu m, the variability degree is 40-65%, and the compression strength is 35-55 MPa.
13. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein:
the graphene hydrogel is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
weighing 30-80 mg of graphene oxide, adding 0.2-0.4 g of urea and 0.1-0.4 g of sodium p-toluenesulfonate, adding water, and uniformly mixing; putting the mixed substances into a reaction kettle, heating for reaction to obtain a crude product, washing and drying to obtain the graphene hydrogel; wherein the temperature is raised to 120-160 ℃.
14. An anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to claim 13, wherein:
the graphene oxide is prepared by a method comprising the following steps:
putting 1.0-3.0 g of graphite powder into 8-20 g of mixed solution at 70-85 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature; diluting with water, standing, washing, filtering and drying, and adding 60-100 ml of H at 0-2 DEG C2SO4In the preparation, 6-10 g of KMnO is added4Then stirring at 30-40 ℃, and then adding deionized water and 20-40% H2O2The mixture is washed and filtered until the color of the mixture becomes bright yellow;
the mixed solution is selected from H2SO4、K2S2O8And P2O5The mixed solution of (1); wherein H2SO4：K2S2O8：P2O5The weight ratio of: (6 to 10), (0.5 to 1.2) and (0.5 to 1.2).
15. A method for preparing an anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, preparing bentonite slurry for drilling fluid by using the water and the bentonite for drilling fluid; and then adding components including the micro-nano plugging agent, the temperature-sensitive plugging anti-collapse agent and the graphene hydrogel into the bentonite slurry, and finally adding an inert weighting agent for weighting to obtain the composite material.
16. Use of an anti-sloughing drilling fluid according to any of claims 1-14 or a drilling fluid prepared by the method according to claim 15 in drilling of fractured carbonate formations.
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