CN114796358B - 一种缓解视疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种缓解视疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种缓解视疲劳的组合物,由如下重量份数的原料制成:菟丝子2‑15份、沙苑子2‑15份、枸杞子2‑15份、山茱萸2‑10份、白芍2‑10份、木瓜2‑10份、桑椹2‑15份、五味子2‑10份、肉苁蓉2‑10份。该组合物具有滋补肝肾,益精明目的功效,而且还具有一定的提升免疫力的功能,采用经典中医药理论配伍,原料为药食同源药材或可用于保健食品的药材,安全性高,无明显毒副作用,在制备缓解视疲劳、提升免疫功能的药物或保健食品中有很好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中医药、保健食品领域,具体涉及一种缓解视疲劳的中药组合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
视疲劳为眼科疾病中的常见慢性病,主要表现为眼部疲劳、眼睛干涩、异物感、眼皮沉重感、视物模糊、眼胀痛及充血等。视疲劳与眼部多种疾病具有紧密联系,尤其与近视、老花眼、白内障等疾病更为紧密。据统计,我国视疲劳患者约1.5亿人,近视人群已达到6亿人,目前仍在快速增长。视疲劳是一种全球性问题,大多由于用眼过度、用眼过近、电子产品辐射过度等原因造成。随着科技进度,人们使用手机、电脑等产品时间急剧增加,进入“屏幕时代”,长时间、高强度的用眼造成视疲劳患病率急剧上升。目前用于缓解视疲劳产品种类缺乏,大多采用西方疗法,利用叶黄素、胡萝卜素、蓝莓等进行预防保健,但作用不佳。例如专利申请CN113303471A,提出了一种具有缓解视疲劳作用的保健食品及其制备方法,使用越橘、β-胡萝卜素、维生素等成分制备,只是从单一成分进行组合,并且多为补充微量元素的作用,其实际对视疲劳的缓解效果不佳。
相比于西医疗法,中医学具有独特的优势,中医方剂不但毒副作用小,而且与西医纯粹的成分组合不同,中医方剂在辨证审因的基础上,结合中医理论,采用多种药味合理配伍成方,增强或改变各药味原有的功用,调其偏性,制其毒性,消除或减缓其对人体的不利因素,使各具特性的药物发挥综合作用,以达到相辅相成的治疗效果。中医认为,视疲劳是一种可恢复的慢性消耗性症候群,主要包括肝肾阴虚、肝郁气滞和气血亏虚3种中医证候,其中以肝肾阴虚证为主,肝开窍于目,肾为目之主,乙癸同源。若肝肾阴虚,目失所养,则眼目干涩、视物昏朦。然而,目前报道的改善视疲劳的中药组合物,仍存在辨证不明,复方配伍关系不清晰,进而导致疗效欠佳的问题。
综上所述,目前缓解视疲劳产品疗效仍有待提高,且尚缺乏在中医经典思维下合理配伍、疗效确切的缓解视疲劳的复方产品。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以中医理论为基础,配伍得当、效果确切且毒副作用小的缓解视疲劳的组合物。
本发明提供了一种缓解视疲劳的组合物,其特征在于,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:
菟丝子2-15份、沙苑子2-15份、枸杞子2-15份、山茱萸2-10份、白芍2-10份、木瓜2-10份、桑椹2-15份、五味子2-10份、肉苁蓉2-10份。
进一步地,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:
菟丝子4-10份、沙苑子4-10份、枸杞子4-10份、山茱萸3-8份、白芍3-8份、木瓜2-6份、桑椹3-10份、五味子2-7份、肉苁蓉2-7份。
更进一步地,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:
菟丝子6-8份、沙苑子6-8份、枸杞子6-8份、山茱萸4-6份、白芍4-6份、木瓜4-6份、桑椹6-8份、五味子2-4份、肉苁蓉2-4份。
更进一步地,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:
菟丝子7份、沙苑子7份、枸杞子7份、山茱萸5份、白芍5份、木瓜5份、桑椹7份、五味子3份、肉苁蓉3份。
进一步地,它是由所述原料的原生粉末、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的药物制剂,或加上食品辅料制备而成的保健食品。
更进一步地,上述药物制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、丸剂、膏剂或溶液剂。
更进一步地,上述药学上可接受的辅料包括淀粉、糊精、糖粉、薄膜包衣料。
本发明还提供了上述的组合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取各重量配比的原料,烘干后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末加水煮沸提取,过滤,得提取液,药渣再次加水煮沸提取2~3次得提取液,合并所有提取液得到煎液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的煎液减压浓缩得浸膏。
进一步地,步骤(1)所述粉末过100-200目筛进行筛分;
和/或,步骤(2)每次加水的量为粉末质量的8~15倍;所述煮沸提取时间为50~70分钟;
和/或,步骤(3)所述减压浓缩得浸膏的相对密度为1:1.2。
本发明还提供了上述的组合物在制备缓解视疲劳和/或增强免疫功能的药物或保健食品中的用途;
优选地,所述缓解视疲劳的药物或保健食品是缓解肝肾阴虚型视疲劳的药物或保健食品。
本发明的有益效果:本发明组合物配伍得当,各药味相辅相成,共奏滋补肝肾、益精明目之功,可有效缓解视疲劳,尤其是对肝肾阴虚视疲劳的缓解效果最佳,还可提高免疫功能,所用药味为药食同源药材或可用于保健食品的药材,安全性好,无明显毒副作用,在缓解视疲劳、增强免疫功能的药物或保健食品中有潜在应用价值。
本发明所用药味:菟丝子:辛、甘,平。归肝、肾、脾经。具有补益肝肾,固精缩尿,安胎,明目,止泻;外用消风祛斑的功效。用于肝肾不足,腰膝酸软,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,肾虚胎漏,胎动不安,目昏耳鸣,脾肾虚泻;外治白癜风。
沙苑子:甘,温。归肝、肾经。具有补肾助阳,固精缩尿,养肝明目的功效。用于肾虚腰痛,遗精早泄,遗尿尿频,白浊带下,眩晕,目暗昏花。
枸杞子:甘,平。归肝、肾经。滋补肝肾,益精明目。用于虚劳精亏,腰膝酸痛,眩晕耳鸣,阳萎遗精,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,目昏不明。
山茱萸:酸、涩,微温。归肝、肾经。补益肝肾,收涩固脱。用于眩晕耳鸣,腰膝酸痛,阳痿遗精,遗尿尿频,崩漏带下,大汗虚脱,内热消渴。
白芍:苦、酸,微寒。归肝、脾经。养血调经,敛阴止汗,柔肝止痛,平抑肝阳。用于血虚萎黄,月经不调,自汗,盗汗,胁痛,腹痛,四肢挛痛,头痛眩晕。
木瓜:酸,温。归肝、脾经。舒筋活络,和胃化湿。用于湿痹拘挛,腰膝关节酸重疼痛,暑湿吐泻,转筋挛痛,脚气水肿。
桑椹:甘、酸,寒。归心、肝、肾经。滋阴补血,生津润燥。用于肝肾阴虚,眩晕耳鸣,心悸失眠,须发早白,津伤口渴,内热消渴,肠燥便秘。
五味子:酸、甘,温。归肺、心、肾经。收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心。用于久嗽虚喘,梦遗滑精,遗尿尿频,久泻不止,自汗盗汗,津伤口渴,内热消渴,心悸失眠。
肉苁蓉:甘、咸,温。归肾、大肠经。补肾阳,益精血,润肠通便。用于肾阳不足,精血亏虚,阳痿不孕,腰膝酸软,筋骨无力,肠燥便秘。
君药:菟丝子辛味甘平,能补益肝肾、固精缩尿、明目;沙苑子可补肾助阳,固精缩尿,养肝明目。臣药:枸杞子、桑椹、山茱萸可滋补肝肾,益精明目、滋阴补血、生津润燥;君臣相协,增强补益肝肾,养肝明目作用。佐药:白芍可养血调经,平抑肝阳;肉苁蓉补肾阳,益精血。使药:五味子、可收敛固涩,益气生津,补肾宁心;木瓜舒筋活络,和胃化湿。
显然,根据本发明的上述内容,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,在不脱离本发明上述基本技术思想前提下,还可以做出其它多种形式的修改、替换或变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容再作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
附图说明
图1各组大鼠肝脏指数、肾脏指数比较(n=6);注:与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,△P<0.05。A.空白对照组;B.模型组;C.杞菊地黄丸对照组;D.实施例1组;E.实施例2组;F.实施例3组。
图2为各组大鼠免疫因子比较(n=6,g);注:与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,△P<0.05。A.空白对照组;B.模型组;C.杞菊地黄丸对照组;D.实施例1组;E.实施例2组;F.实施例3组。
图3为各组大鼠E2、T、E2/T比较(n=6,g)注:与空白组比较,*P<0.05;与模型组比较,△△P<0.01,△P<0.05。A.空白对照组;B.模型组;C.杞菊地黄丸对照组;D.实施例1组;E.实施例2组;F.实施例3组。
图4为各组大鼠眼球cAMP、cGMP含量比较(n=6,g);注:与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,△△P<0.01,△P<0.05。A.空白对照组;B.模型组;C.杞菊地黄丸对照组;D.实施例1组;E.实施例2组;F.实施例3组。
图5为各组大鼠血清氧化水平比较(n=6);注:与空白组比较,**P<0.01;与模型组比较,△△P<0.01,△P<0.05。A.空白对照组;B.模型组;C.杞菊地黄丸对照组;D.组合物高剂量组;E.组合物中剂量组;F.组合物低剂量组。
具体实施方式
本发明所用原料与设备均为已知产品,通过购买市售产品所得。
实施例1、本发明组合物的制备
处方:菟丝子7g、沙苑子7g、枸杞子7g、山茱萸5g、白芍5g、木瓜5g、桑椹7g、五味子3g、肉苁蓉3g。
称取各重量配比的原料;60℃烘干30min,直接打粉,粉碎后分别过100目筛进行筛分;将药粉投入提取罐中,中药组分和水按照质量比为1:12进行混合,保持沸腾状态60分钟后,200目筛网过滤药渣,得首煎液;取药渣再复煎2次,每次复煎时,加入干药原料总量12倍的水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态60分钟,过滤药渣,得复煎液;合并首煎液及复煎液,混匀并过滤,得到煎液;减压浓缩至浸膏相对密度1:1.2。
实施例2、本发明组合物的制备
处方:菟丝子10g、沙苑子5g、枸杞子5g、山茱萸8g、白芍8g、木瓜3g、桑椹10g、五味子3g、肉苁蓉5g。
称取各重量配比的原料;60℃烘干30min,直接打粉,粉碎后分别过100目筛进行筛分;将药粉投入提取罐中,中药组分和水按照质量比为1:8进行混合,保持沸腾状态60分钟后,200目筛网过滤药渣,得首煎液;取药渣再复煎1次,每次复煎时,加入干药原料总量8倍的水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态60分钟,过滤药渣,得复煎液;合并首煎液及复煎液,混匀并过滤,得到煎液;减压浓缩至浸膏相对密度1:1.2。
实施例3、本发明组合物的制备
处方:菟丝子5g、沙苑子10g、枸杞子10g、山茱萸4g、白芍4g、木瓜4g、桑椹5g、五味子5g、肉苁蓉3g。
称取各重量配比的原料;60℃烘干30min,直接打粉,粉碎后分别过100目筛进行筛分;将药粉投入提取罐中,中药组分和水按照质量比为1:10进行混合,保持沸腾状态60分钟后,200目筛网过滤药渣,得首煎液;取药渣再复煎2次,每次复煎时,加入干药原料总量10倍的水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态40分钟,过滤药渣,得复煎液;合并首煎液及复煎液,混匀并过滤,得到煎液;减压浓缩至浸膏相对密度1:1.2。
实施例4、本发明组合物的制备
处方:菟丝子7g、沙苑子10g、枸杞子7g、山茱萸5g、白芍5g、木瓜3g、桑椹5g、五味子3g、肉苁蓉3g。
称取各重量配比的原料;60℃烘干30min,直接打粉,粉碎后分别过100目筛进行筛分;将药粉投入提取罐中,中药组分和水按照质量比为1:15进行混合,保持沸腾状态60分钟后,200目筛网过滤药渣,得首煎液;取药渣再复煎2次,每次复煎时,加入干药原料总量15倍的水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态60分钟,过滤药渣,得复煎液;合并首煎液及复煎液,混匀并过滤,得到煎液;减压浓缩至浸膏相对密度1:1.2。
实施例5、本发明组合物的制备
处方:菟丝子7g、沙苑子7g、枸杞子7g、山茱萸5g、白芍5g、木瓜5g、桑椹7g、五味子3g、肉苁蓉3g。
称取各重量配比的原料;60℃烘干30min,直接打粉,粉碎后分别过100目筛进行筛分;将药粉投入提取罐中,中药组分和水按照质量比为1:12进行混合,保持沸腾状态60分钟后,200目筛网过滤药渣,得首煎液;取药渣再复煎1次,每次复煎时,加入干药原料总量12倍的水,煮沸,保持沸腾状态60分钟,过滤药渣,得复煎液;合并首煎液及复煎液,混匀并过滤,得到煎液;减压浓缩至浸膏相对密度1:1.2。
以下采用肝肾阴虚证复合蓝光照射视疲劳大鼠模型,证明本发明组合物缓解视疲劳和增强免疫力的作用。
实验例1、本发明组合物缓解视疲劳和增强免疫力的作用
1、实验方法
动物分组造模:
SD大鼠适应性喂养7d后随机分为6组,即空白组、肝肾阴虚复合蓝光照射模型组(简称模型组)、阳性对照杞菊地黄丸组、实施例1、2、3组,每组6只。
造模与给药:
实验第1天开始,大鼠造模和给药同步进行,即每日上午各给药组大鼠灌胃生药剂量为2g·kg-1·d-1的药物,空白组和模型组大鼠灌胃等量蒸馏水;除空白组外,其余各组大鼠每日下午灌胃给予左甲状腺素钠片溶液90μg/kg,给药体积为0.01mL/g,并进行夹尾情志刺激,用夹子夹尾(距尾尖约3cm处)5min,每日1次、连续14d。第14天灌胃结束后,用150000Lux的蓝光灯照射大鼠眼球2h。第15天腹主静脉取血,取大鼠胸腺、脾脏称重,计算脏器指数,取大鼠眼球匀浆备用。
指标测定及方法:
一般状况及体质量变化;②大鼠腹主静脉取血,离心15min,吸取上层血清,酶免方法测定cAMP、cGMP、E2、T、CORT、MDA、SOD指标;③大鼠左侧眼球组织匀浆,吸取上层清液,测定cAMP、cGMP、MDA、SOD指标。
2、实验结果
1、对大鼠一般情况的影响与空白组相比,模型组大鼠出现形体瘦削、饮水,摄食减少、毛发偏黄缺少光泽、躁动不安、大便干结、小便黄数等肝肾阴虚症状。与模型组比较,阳性对照组及实施例各组对上述情况均有改善。
2、对大鼠体重的影响第7天、第14天,与空白组比较,各组大鼠体重质量显著减轻(**P<0.01)。与模型组比较,杞菊地黄丸对照组,实施例、1、
2、3组体重显著升高(△△P<0.01,△P<0.05),第14天,尤其是实施例1大鼠体重升高最显著。详见表1。
表1各组大鼠不同时间点体重比较(n=6,g)
组别 | 第1天 | 第7天 | 第14天 |
空白对照组 | 222.05±1.75 | 293.75±2.62 | 359.75±9.87 |
模型组 | 218.81±4.53 | 267.33±7.15** | 313.17±7.13** |
杞菊地黄丸对照组 | 217.83±6.55 | 283.83±11.65△△ | 331.67±17.68△ |
实施例1 | 220.83±4.02 | 279.17±12.35△ | 348.17±15.84△△ |
实施例2 | 219.92±1.91 | 273.5±10.86△ | 333.33±21.67△ |
实施例3 | 218.33±2.58 | 280.05±9.67 | 330.83±21.67△ |
3、肝脏、肾脏脏器指数测定实验动物脏器系数(脏器重量/体重*100%)可以反映实验动物的功能状态,与空白组相比,模型组大鼠的肝脏指数、肾脏指数均增大,具有显著性统计学差异(*P<0.05)。与模型组相比,实施例的组合物对肝脏、肾脏功能有改善作用,其中,实施例1大鼠的肾脏指数显著减小(△P<0.05),说明实施例1的药物对肾脏功能的改善显著。详见图1。
4、对大鼠免疫因子水平的影响与空白组比较,模型组大鼠胸腺指数显著降低(*P<0.05)。与空白组比较,实施例1组胸腺指数显著升高(△P<0.05),杞菊地黄丸对照组脾脏指数显著升高(△P<0.05)。结果表明本实验模型组大鼠胸腺指数显著降低,与肝肾阴虚常伴有免疫力低下一致。
且实施例1组具有提高免疫力功能。详见图2。
5、对肝肾阴虚复合蓝光照射大鼠性激素水平的影响,与空白组比较,模型组T含量显著降低(*P<0.05),E2/T显著升高(*P<0.05)。与模型组比较,杞菊地黄丸对照组、实施例1组E2显著降低(△P<0.05),各给药组T含量显著升高((△△P<0.01,△P<0.05),杞菊地黄丸对照组、实施例1、2组E2/T显著降低(△△P<0.01,△P<0.05)。详见图3。
研究显示,肾虚与体内性激素水平异常关系密切,体内性激素异常是肾虚发生发展的重要物质基础,血清性激素的不同水平可反映肾虚证的不同程度,且E2/T值的变化比单纯E2或T量的变化更有价值,可作为肾虚证的指标。临床与实验研究表明,肾阴虚者E2水平偏高,T水平偏低,因此E2、T以及E2/T的检测可以评价肾阴虚证模型是否成功。根据图3结果,提示本实验肾阴虚证模型制备成功。
杞菊地黄丸对照组与实施例1、2、3组均能不同程度的抑制或调节模型大鼠上述指标变化,发挥滋补肝肾的功效,其中杞菊地黄丸对照组、实施例1组滋补肝肾效最为显著。
6、对肝肾阴虚复合蓝光照射大鼠眼球环核苷酸水平的影响,与空白组比较,模型组cAMP含量显著降低(**P<0.01),与模型组比较,实施例1、2组cAMP含量显著升高(△△P<0.01),且实施例1、3组cGMP含量显著降低(△△P<0.01,△P<0.05)。详见图4。
环核苷酸是一类重要的生物活性物质,广泛存在于人体细胞内,由cAMP、cGMP组成。可调节免疫、细胞增殖分化,维持平滑肌舒缩平衡和血管内环境稳定,参与神经活动,调控基因表达等。研究表明过用目力或久视等均能使睫状肌痉挛收缩,组织中cAMP含量下降,而cGMP含量增加。本实验结果表明,实施例1、2、3缓解视疲劳均有调节大鼠眼视疲劳模型睫状肌组织中cAMP与cGMP含量的作用,说明本发明组合物具有很好的缓解视疲劳的作用,且实施例1组最为显著。
7、对大鼠血清氧化水平的影响与空白组比较,模型组MDA含量显著升高(**P<0.01);与模型组比较,杞菊地黄丸对照组、实施例1、2、3组MDA显著降低(△△P<0.01,△P<0.05)详见图5。
正常生理代谢下机体产生的自由基不会造成组织损伤,但受到化学试剂、缺氧等外界因素影响时,机体SOD等抗氧化酶含量降低,脂质过氧化产物MDA等增加,超过机体清除能力,自由基堆积,进而肌肉的工作能力下降。研究发现视疲劳患者的视疲劳程度与自由基在体内的堆积程度呈正相关。本实验大鼠血清氧化因子水平检测结果模型组MDA含量显著升高,杞菊地黄丸对照组及实施例1、2、3组对模型动物相关氧化指标有所改善,起到了缓解视疲劳作用。
综上,本发明通过建立肝肾阴虚复合视疲劳大鼠模型对本发明组合物缓解视疲劳的功效进行评价。结果表明该组合物具有滋补肝肾,益精明目的功效,而且还具有一定的提升免疫力的功能。尤其是实施例1的组方缓解肝肾阴虚视疲劳和提高免疫功能的效果最佳,在制备缓解视疲劳、提升免疫功能的药物或保健食品中有很好的应用前景。
Claims (8)
1.一种缓解肝肾阴虚型视疲劳的组合物,其特征在于,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:
菟丝子6-8份、沙苑子6-8份、枸杞子6-8份、山茱萸4-6份、白芍4-6份、木瓜4-6份、桑椹6-8份、五味子2-4份、肉苁蓉2-4份。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,它由如下重量份数的原料制成:菟丝子7份、沙苑子7份、枸杞子7份、山茱萸5份、白芍5份、木瓜5份、桑椹7份、五味子3份、肉苁蓉3份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,它是由所述原料的原生粉末、水或有机溶剂提取物为活性成分,加上药学上可接受的辅料制备而成的药物制剂,或加上食品辅料制备而成的保健食品。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述药物制剂是片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂、丸剂、膏剂或溶液剂。
5.如权利要求3所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料包括淀粉、糊精、糖粉、薄膜包衣料。
6.权利要求1或2所述的组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)称取各重量配比的原料,烘干后粉碎成粉末;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的粉末加水煮沸提取,过滤,得提取液,药渣再次加水煮沸提取2~3次得提取液,合并所有提取液得到煎液;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的煎液减压浓缩得浸膏。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述粉末过100-200目筛进行筛分;和/或,步骤(2)每次加水的量为粉末质量的8~15倍;所述煮沸提取时间为50~70分钟;和/或,步骤(3)所述减压浓缩得浸膏的相对密度为1:1.2。
8.权利要求1或2所述的组合物在制备缓解肝肾阴虚型视疲劳和/或增强免疫功能的药物或保健食品中的用途。
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