CN1147943C - 玻璃纤维增强的吸湿隔板 - Google Patents

玻璃纤维增强的吸湿隔板

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CN1147943C
CN1147943C CNB988102803A CN98810280A CN1147943C CN 1147943 C CN1147943 C CN 1147943C CN B988102803 A CNB988102803 A CN B988102803A CN 98810280 A CN98810280 A CN 98810280A CN 1147943 C CN1147943 C CN 1147943C
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dividing plate
thermosetting resin
glass fibre
band
average diameter
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CN1276920A (zh
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安东尼奥·L·德姆费雷拉
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Amer-Sil SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种吸湿隔板，用于由阀调节的铅酸蓄电池，包括一第一玻璃纤维层、一第二玻璃纤维层和一插在第一层和第二层之间的热固性树脂带。

Description

玻璃纤维增强的吸湿隔板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用纤维增强的吸湿隔板，用于包括由一个阀调节的铅酸蓄电池(lead-acid accumulator)在内的电池中。
背景技术
铅酸蓄电池用于以化学形式储存电能。
这种形式的蓄电池可以充电和放电多次；某些蓄电池在放电时输出的电能量变得太小之前，可以经受几百次，或甚至几千次充电-放电循环。正常情况下，在蓄电池容量达到其标称容量的80％时，这种蓄电池的电气性能达到其极限。
传统的铅酸蓄电池的维修包括补充因电解或蒸发损失的水，特别是在再充电循环时补充水。
为了取消这种维修保养工作，开发了一种由一个阀调节的蓄电池，又可称为气体复合蓄电池(Gas-recombination accumulator)。由于在再充电循环结束时，在蓄电池中产生氧的再化合作用，因此，这种形式的蓄电池中，水的损失大大减少。
在再充电过程结束时，通过在电解溶液中所含的水的电解作用，在正极上产生氧。这种气体充满蓄电池，并向着负极移动。这样，在所述负极表面上，氧被还原；然后，通过一系列的电化学反应，氧进入电解溶液中。
负极上氧可以被还原是因为，该蓄电池带有一个可防止氧从该蓄电池逸出，和可维持该蓄电池内的压力比大气压为稍高的阀。该蓄电池内的这个过剩压力，可防止大气进入蓄电池中。
只有在电解溶液不动，和气体有空间可以循环的情况下，氧才可能进行内部再循环。使电解溶液不动的二种方法是：
-使电解溶液与二氧化硅形成凝胶体；
-使用可以保持电解溶液的吸湿隔板。
由一个阀调节的蓄电池，具有放置在极性相反的二块电极板之间的多块挠性的多孔隔板。该隔板吸收和保持酸性液体的电解溶液，使得基本上全部电解溶液被吸收至该多块隔板的孔中；而在蓄电池电极板上，只有非常薄的一层电解溶液薄膜。不论该蓄电池的位置如何，这些隔板都可使电解溶液保持在电极板附近。
电解溶液充满该吸湿隔板微孔的饱和程度，不应超过95％；因为必需要有一些自由空间，使在正极上产生的氧，能通过该隔板，流动至负极上。在负极上氧通过还原被消耗掉，并通过一系列的电化学反应，重新进入电解溶液中。
吸湿隔板在氧的再循环中起着非常重要的作用。因为，使电解溶液在隔板的微孔中不流动，就可使氧到达负极的表面；并在负极表面上，通过电化学反应，使氧被还原。
传统上，吸湿隔板是用抗氧化性能好的玻璃微纤维制成的。当蓄电池充满电解溶液时，这种玻璃微纤维迅速和完全地被电解溶液(硫酸)所饱和。
过去曾使用过各种不同纤维的混合物，例如：使用带有有机纤维或不带有机纤维的粗玻璃纤维和细玻璃纤维的混合物。这些粗和细的玻璃纤维使用的比例是，它们应能保持足够量的电解溶液。美国专利4465748号公布了一种玻璃纤维制成的隔板，该隔板中5％～35％(按重量计)的玻璃纤维的直径小于1微米，其余的玻璃纤维的直径较大。
由玻璃微纤维制成的吸湿性纤维隔板的物理性质和机械性质，很大程度上决定于细的微纤维含量及这些细的微纤维的放置方法。
这种形式的隔板的一个理想性质是：可以粘接隔板，并可以形成包封电极的袋。通过使用合成纤维与玻璃微纤维混合，可以粘接这种隔板。一般，使用5～40％的合成纤维；这些合成纤维可以熔化，将隔板粘接在一起。另一种将二块隔板粘接起来的方法是，在一些地方，将该二块隔板压紧，使它们互相粘接在一起。这种隔板一般含有5～40重量％的合成纤维；通过加热，这些合成纤维可以熔化；或者在压缩时，这些合成纤维可以变形。
这种方法可以通过法国专利FR2677672号了解。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要提供一种机械性质比传统的蓄电池用的玻璃微纤维隔板的机械性质好的、蓄电池用的玻璃微纤维隔板。
为达到这个目的，本发明提供了一种用于由一个阀调节的铅酸蓄电池的吸湿隔板，该隔板包括第一层、第二层、和放置在该第一层和第二层之间的一条热固性树脂制成的带。
由于该热固性树脂带覆盖着该第一层的全部表面或部分表面，该隔板的强度提高。这种吸湿隔板的抗拉强度，比传统的、用成分与本发明的隔板所用玻璃纤维相同的单层玻璃纤维制成的隔板的抗拉强度大。已经看到，该隔板的抗拉强度提高相当多。对于成分相同的玻璃微纤维制成的隔板，测量表明，本发明的隔板的抗拉强度，比传统的隔板抗拉强度提高了三倍，即从0.5KN/m提高至1.5KN/m。另外，热固性树脂的带，使该隔板的伸长率达到4％；而不舍该热固性树脂带的同样的隔板的伸长率只有1％。因此，可以将由较脆弱的材料制成的隔板，用在要求抗拉强度较高的地方，例如，用在包封蓄电池的电极的自动机中。
在大约100℃的温度下，使该隔板干燥后，该热固性树脂即失去水分，并形成可使隔板的二个层粘接在一起的一层非常坚固的塑性薄膜。另外，这种热凝成形树脂可将二块互相放在一起的、不同的隔板粘接在一起，形成可将电极插入其中的一个袋。可以利用(例如)机械的方法，加热的方法等，将上述二块不同的隔板粘接在一起。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，该热固性树脂带包括丙烯酸树脂，最好为丙烯酸丁酯。
该热固性树脂带，最好包括由被热固性树脂饱和的玻璃微纤维组成的纤维。
该热固性树脂带的厚度可在0.01～1mm之间变化，最好为0.05～0.15mm。
该热固性树脂带的宽度，可根据隔板宽度的变化来选择。一般，该热固性树脂带的宽度，比该隔板的总宽度小。通常，该热固性树脂带的宽度为1～20mm，最好为3～10mm。
该热固性树脂带可以是单独一条带，或将其长度细分，形成二条或多条带。一般，该热固性树脂带的宽度为1～20mm，最好为3～10mm。
上述玻璃微纤维制成的二个层，可以是相同的或不同的。隔板的二个层可以包括平均直径为0.2～13微米的玻璃纤维。每一个层的典型组成成分如下：0～60％的平均直径小于1微米(0.2～0.8微米)的玻璃纤维，0～70％的平均直径为1～10微米(2～4微米)的玻璃纤维，和5～10％的平均直径为10～13微米的玻璃纤维。
根据隔板所希望的特性的不同，每一层的组成成分可以改变。二个层可以相同或不同。
根据另一个优选实施例，该隔板的第一层包括多于50％的、平均直径小于1微米的玻璃纤维。
最好，第一层的玻璃纤维的平均直径大于0.4微米。
该第一层的厚度最好为该隔板总厚度的20～50％。细纤维和粗纤维的重量比可在该隔板总重量的20～50％之间变化。
该隔板的第二层，最好包括多于50％的、平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维。最理想是，该隔板的第二层包括多于90％的、平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中，所述第二层也可包括平均直径大于5微米的玻璃纤维。
根据本发明的另一个方面，本发明提出了制造用于包括由一个阀调节的铅酸蓄电池在内的电池中的吸湿隔板的方法。该方法是：先将一个下层放在一个支承上；再在该下层上放置由热固性树脂制成的带；然后再将一个上层放在所述热固性树脂带上；最后压缩该上层和下层，使上层和下层互相粘接在一起。
根据本发明的一个优选实施例，所述下层基本上包括平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维；而所述上层基本上包括平均直径小于1微米的玻璃纤维。
因为包括平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维的层的孔隙较大，因此，该热固性树脂带的粘接可以改善。
最好，接着将与水混合的玻璃纤维，放在一张可透水的席子上。在放上第二个玻璃纤维层后，压缩该隔板，使叠放在一起的二个层粘接起来，然后再进行干燥。
附图说明
本发明的其他特点，通过结合附图，对下面的一个非限制性例子的说明，将可理解。其中：
图1表示包括二条热固性树脂带的一块隔板；
图2为表示用放置丙烯酸树脂覆盖层增强的一种多层隔板的制造方法的图。
具体实施方式
图1表示一块多层的隔板10。该隔板10包括：主要含有平均直径小于1微米的玻璃纤维的第一层；主要含有平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维的第二层；和放在该第一层和第二层之间的、由热固性树脂制成的二条带12。在图1所示的情况下，该二条带12放在隔板10的二个侧边，以增强所述隔板的侧边缘。该二条带12的厚度均为大约0.1mm，其宽度均为3～10mm。该二条带由丙烯酸树脂制成，可以增强该隔板10。
图2为表示一块多层隔板的制造方法的示意图。
主要包括平均直径为0.2～13微米的玻璃纤维的下层14，放在一个支承(没有示出)上。利用分配器16，将粘性液体形式的热固性树脂，涂覆在所述下层14的一部分上，形成至少一条热固性树脂带12。然后，在该下层14和该热固性树脂带12上，放置主要包括平均直径为0.2～13微米的玻璃纤维的第二层18。
使这些纤维与水混合，然后放置在一张可透水的席子(mat)上。在放置好二个玻璃纤维层和热固性树脂带之后，利用一个滚子(没有示出)压缩该隔板，以将多余的水排出，并使该二个玻璃纤维层和一条热固性树脂带或多条热固性树脂带粘接在一起。利用热固性树脂带来增强隔板，还可使隔板的抗拉强度进一步提高；该抗拉强度可从大约0.5KN/m提高至1.5KN/m。
该隔板的伸长率也可大大提高，可从1％提高至大约4％。
该抗拉强度的值，是利用在隔板制造工业和造纸工业中众所周知的方法确定的。本发明是利用BCI(国际电池协会)制定的测试方法进行测量的参见Tappi T495。简要地说，这种测试方法是在互相隔开102mm(4英寸)的二个夹爪之间，放置一条宽度为25mm，长度为150mm的热固性树脂带。在测试过程中，以25±5mm/min的速率，拉伸该带。断裂力以牛顿(N.)表示，确定该带的断裂点和断裂点处的伸长率。
不带热固性树脂带的被测试的隔板样件的断裂力为5N；而包括根据本发明的一条热固性树脂带的被测试的隔板样件的断裂力达到37.5N。由于被测试的本发明的隔板所带的热固性树脂带的宽度为25mm，因此，上述37.5N的断裂力，相当于抗拉强度为1.5KN/m。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于由一个阀调节的铅酸蓄电池的吸湿隔板，其特征为，该隔板包括由玻璃纤维制成的第一层、由玻璃纤维制成的第二层、和放置在该第一层和第二层之间的一条热固性树脂制成的带。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带包括丙烯酸丁酯。
3.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带包括用所述热固性树脂饱和的玻璃纤维。
4.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带的厚度为0.01～1mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带的厚度为0.05～O.15mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带的宽度为1～20mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该热固性树脂带的宽度为3～10mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该第一层包括多于50％的平均直径小于1微米的玻璃纤维。
9.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该第一层的玻璃纤维的平均直径，大于0.4微米。
10.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该第一层的厚度占该隔板总厚度的20～50％。
11.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该第二层包括多于50％、平均直径大于1微米的玻璃纤维。
12.如权利要求1所述的隔板，其特征为，该第二层还包括平均直径大于5微米的玻璃纤维。
13.一种制造如权利要求1所述的隔板的方法，其特征为，将包括玻璃纤维的一个下层放在一个支承上；再将至少一条由热固性树脂制成的带，放在所述的下层上；然后，再将包括玻璃纤维的一个上层，放在所述的热固性树脂制成的带上；并压缩该上层和下层，使上层和下层互相粘接在一起。
14.如权利要求13所述的制造隔板的方法，其特征为，该热固性树脂带，是由粘性液体形式的热固性树脂涂覆在该玻璃纤维制的下层上形成的。
15.如权利要求13或14所述的制造隔板的方法，其特征为，所有该玻璃纤维预先与水混合，并且该支承为一块可透水的席子。
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