CN114793717B - Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving cold resistance of camellia oleifera - Google Patents
Cultivation device and cultivation method for improving cold resistance of camellia oleifera Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793717B CN114793717B CN202210525203.7A CN202210525203A CN114793717B CN 114793717 B CN114793717 B CN 114793717B CN 202210525203 A CN202210525203 A CN 202210525203A CN 114793717 B CN114793717 B CN 114793717B
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation device and a cultivation method for improving the cold resistance of oil tea, which relate to the technical field of oil tea protection and comprise the following steps: the sponge sleeve is used for heat preservation and uniform freeze prevention of the plants; the liquid spraying assembly is used for spraying liquid to the surface of the sponge sleeve; the driving mechanism is used for driving the liquid spraying assembly to operate; and the transmission mechanism drives the liquid spraying assembly to perform fixed spraying on the surface of the sponge sleeve under the action of the transmission mechanism through the operation of the driving mechanism, and switches the liquid spraying assembly to perform reciprocating vertical movement and reciprocating swing movement under the action of the switching assembly. The method is matched with a cold-resistant cultivation method, the whole cultivation process of the camellia oleifera is further subjected to anti-freezing treatment, the anti-freezing solution is subjected to fixed spraying and swinging spraying on the surface of the plant, and the intelligent adjustment is performed in two spraying modes according to the temperature of the surface of the plant, so that the plant can be effectively protected from freezing, and the method has better practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil tea protection, in particular to a cultivation device and a cultivation method for improving the cold resistance of oil tea.
Background
The tea-oil tree is a evergreen broad-leaved tree species, the main product tea oil is complete in color, clear in taste and fragrant, has higher nutritional value, and is high-grade edible oil.
In the cultivation process of the camellia oleifera, attention needs to be paid to cold resistance protection of the camellia oleifera, and after the camellia oleifera seedlings are successfully bred and transplanted, the camellia oleifera needs to be further subjected to anti-freezing cultivation treatment.
The surface of plant is wrapped up to current anti-freezing mode adopts the parcel method more to reach heat retaining effect, but when in actual use, because of the frost resistant effect is general, the condition that the plant was frostbitten probably appears, causes the practicality not good.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation device for improving the cold resistance of oil tea and a cultivation method thereof, which are matched on the basis of the cold resistance cultivation method, further carry out anti-freezing treatment on the oil tea in the cultivation process, carry out fixed spraying and swinging spraying of anti-freezing liquid on the surfaces of plants, and carry out intelligent adjustment in two spraying modes according to the temperature of the surfaces of the plants, so that the plants can be effectively protected from freezing, the cultivation device has better practicability, and the problems in the background art are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation device for improving the cold resistance of oil tea, comprising:
the sponge sleeve is sleeved on the surface of the plant and used for heat preservation and uniform freezing prevention of the plant;
a housing for mounting components within the device and reducing leakage of liquid;
the liquid spraying assembly is arranged on the outer side of the sponge sleeve and is used for spraying liquid to the surface of the sponge sleeve;
the driving mechanism is arranged on the inner wall of the shell and used for driving the liquid spraying assembly to operate;
and the transmission mechanism drives the liquid spraying assembly to perform fixed spraying on the surface of the sponge sleeve under the action of the transmission mechanism through the operation of the driving mechanism, and switches the liquid spraying assembly to perform reciprocating vertical movement and reciprocating swing movement under the action of the switching assembly.
Optionally, the driving mechanism includes:
the surface of the first motor is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell, and a rotating part of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft.
Optionally, the transmission mechanism includes:
the surface of the limiting shell is fixedly connected with the surface of the rotating shaft, the inner wall of the limiting shell is connected with a sliding block in a sliding mode, and the movement of the sliding block is limited by the switching component;
the surface of the connecting rod is fixedly connected with a round ball, the surface of the sliding block is provided with a sliding groove, the round ball extends into the sliding groove and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove, and the surface of the connecting rod is connected with the liquid spraying assembly;
the liquid spray assembly further comprises a piston component used for conveying liquid into the liquid spray assembly.
Optionally, the liquid spray assembly includes:
the inner side of the limiting ring slides relative to the surface of the liquid outlet ring, and the surface of the liquid outlet ring is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting rod;
the surface of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell, and the surface of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the surface of the limiting ring;
a plurality of water outlets are formed in the inner side of the liquid outlet ring, and a water inlet is formed in the surface of the liquid outlet ring.
Optionally, the switching component includes:
a rotating part of the motor II is fixedly connected with a threaded rod, the surface of the threaded rod is in fixed-axis rotating connection with the inner wall of the limiting shell, and the surface of the limiting shell is provided with a first opening through which the threaded rod penetrates and is in fixed-axis rotating connection with the first opening;
the surface of the sliding block is provided with an inner thread groove, and the sliding block is in threaded connection with the threaded rod through the inner thread groove;
and the temperature detector is arranged on the surface of the sponge sleeve.
Optionally, the piston member comprises:
the surface of the cam is fixedly connected with the surface of the rotating shaft;
the surface of the piston shell is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell, the inner wall of the piston shell is connected with a connecting block and a piston head in a sliding mode, and a first return spring is fixedly connected between the connecting block and the piston head;
the surface of the abutting block is fixedly connected with a piston rod, the surface of the piston rod is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting block, and the opposite sides of the piston shell and the abutting block are fixedly connected with a second return spring;
the surface of the piston shell is fixedly communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet hose, the insides of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet hose are both provided with one-way valves, a first branch pipe on the water inlet pipe is fixedly communicated with a container, a second branch pipe on the water inlet pipe penetrates out of the surface of the shell, and the end part of the water outlet hose is fixedly communicated with a water outlet ring;
the surface of the water outlet ring is provided with a communication port, the inner side of the water outlet ring is in fixed-axis rotary connection with the surface of the liquid outlet ring, the caliber of the communication port is matched with that of the water inlet, and the water outlet ring limiting device further comprises a limiting assembly used for limiting the water outlet ring.
Optionally, the limiting component includes:
the two ends of the telescopic rod are fixedly connected with the surface of the water outlet ring and the surface of the limiting shell respectively.
Optionally, a hot air blower is arranged on the surface of the housing, and a conveying end of the hot air blower extends into the housing;
the surface of the shell is fixedly communicated with an air outlet pipe and an air inlet pipe, and an air pump is arranged in the air outlet pipe;
the surface of the purifying shell is fixedly connected with the surface of the shell, and the surface of the air outlet pipe is fixedly communicated with the surface of the air inlet pipe.
A cultivation method for improving the cold resistance of oil tea comprises the following steps:
step S1: preliminary cultivation: firstly, carrying out sand storage cultivation on oil tea seeds in a cultivation area, taking oil tea scions in the last ten days of 5 months, and carrying out bud stock grafting, so that the oil tea scions are combined and grafted to survive to form new oil tea plants; step S2: and (3) antifreezing preparation: sleeving the sponge on the plant, and installing the device at the plant accessory;
and step S3: and (3) conventional antifreezing: the driving mechanism is controlled to operate, and the liquid spraying assembly is driven to perform fixed spraying of the anti-freezing solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant under the action of the transmission mechanism;
and step S4: extreme freeze prevention: the driving mechanism is operated by controlling the driving mechanism, and the switching assembly switches the driving mechanism to drive the liquid spraying assembly to perform swinging spraying of the antifreeze solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant;
step S5: centralized cultivation: after the camellia oleifera plants are cultivated to a certain degree, transplanting the camellia oleifera plants into camellia oleifera woodland for cultivation;
step S6: fertilization and cold resistance: applying decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, specifically cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, to the tea-oil tree inter-row space;
step S7: ridging and antifreezing: carrying out earthing up around the roots or among rows of the camellia oleifera, wherein the earthing up thickness is 5, 15 and 25 centimeters, and the earthing up area is 1 square meter;
step S8: trimming: the camellia oleifera is pruned, so that the tree body is properly dwarfed, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is larger, the crown is ventilated and transparent, and the upper and lower penetrability is stronger (namely, more snow flakes can penetrate through the crown and fall to the ground).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the first motor is controlled to operate, so that the liquid outlet ring cannot rotate or move, and in the first state of the mode, the fixed spraying effect is achieved under the action of the liquid spraying assembly through the immobility of the liquid outlet ring;
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: under a general condition, when the temperature detector detects that the temperature of the plant is lower, the effect of spraying the antifreeze solution on the sponge sleeve is achieved by driving the first state of the mode, and due to the characteristics of the sponge, the liquid sprayed on the sponge sleeve can be uniformly absorbed by the sponge, so that the sponge sleeve is uniformly soaked under the action of the fixed spraying, and the effect of performing antifreeze treatment on the surface of the plant is achieved;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the anti-freezing device has the advantages that the sponge sleeves are sleeved, so that all areas on the surface of the plant can be uniformly soaked, the anti-freezing effect is good, meanwhile, the anti-freezing device is different from the conventional mode of injecting anti-freezing liquid into the plant, the mode is poor in safety, and the anti-freezing liquid injected into the plant can damage the human body to a certain extent due to certain toxicity of the anti-freezing liquid, so that the safety is poor, and the mode has good safety and good anti-freezing effect.
2. According to the invention, the operation of the second rotating part of the motor is controlled, so that the sponge sleeve can swing under the cooperation of a subsequent liquid spraying assembly, which is the second state of the mode;
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: under special or severe conditions, when the temperature detector detects that the temperature of the plant is too low, if the plant is not subjected to rapid anti-freezing treatment, the plant is extremely easy to freeze and frost, the signal is transmitted to the controller through the temperature detector, and then the controller controls the motor II to operate, so that the first state of the method is switched to the second state, the liquid spraying component is in a reciprocating and vertical moving mode while swinging, and the liquid spraying component is in reciprocating and vertical moving mode while reciprocating and vertical moving, so that the contact area between the sprayed anti-freezing liquid and the sponge sleeve is increased, the speed of the anti-freezing liquid absorbed by the sponge sleeve is higher, and more time is possibly needed for the sponge sleeve to uniformly absorb the anti-freezing liquid during fixed spraying, but the swinging spraying of the method improves the absorption speed of the sponge sleeve, further quickly wets the surface of the plant, so that the plant is well protected, and meanwhile, the anti-freezing liquid is uniformly sprayed, and the uniformity of spraying can be expressed when the anti-freezing liquid is transmitted to the plant through the sponge sleeve, and the uniformity of the plant is improved;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: according to the mode, automatic temperature detection is carried out in a mode of the temperature detector, the mode is different from a mode of manually spraying anti-freezing solution, the situations that the anti-freezing solution cannot be sprayed in time, the anti-freezing solution is excessively sprayed and the spraying is too low can occur, the mode can adaptively drive the liquid spraying assembly to spray the anti-freezing solution through the temperature change detected by the temperature detector, the spraying range is adjustable, and then plants can be in faster contact with the anti-freezing solution, so that the effect of efficient protection is achieved, and the higher automation and integration effects are achieved.
3. According to the invention, through the operation of the rotating part of the motor, the mixed antifreeze can flow into the liquid outlet ring, and finally pressurized spraying can be carried out from a plurality of water outlets on the liquid outlet ring towards the surface of the sponge sleeve;
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the liquid is sprayed towards the sponge sleeve from the liquid outlet ring, so that the anti-freezing protection effect is achieved, the liquid outlet ring can completely cover the sponge sleeve, different areas on the surface of a plant can be uniformly moistened by the anti-freezing liquid, and the situation that a local area is not protected is avoided;
secondly, the method comprises the following steps: because the antifreeze is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol and distilled water according to a ratio, in the actual use process, the antifreeze can be evaporated under the condition of temperature change, so that the loss of the antifreeze is caused, the antifreeze is split initially, and when the antifreeze needs to be used, external distilled water can be timely introduced into the device and mixed and proportioned with ethylene glycol, so that the effect of timely preparing the antifreeze is achieved, and the antifreeze has high practical practicability;
thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: when the anti-freezing liquid is switched to a swing spraying state, the anti-freezing liquid flows into the liquid outlet ring when the anti-freezing liquid is opposite to the liquid outlet ring, the liquid outlet ring is not communicated with the liquid outlet ring when the anti-freezing liquid is not opposite to the liquid outlet ring, and water entering the liquid outlet ring can be quickly filled in the liquid outlet ring at the moment, so that the anti-freezing liquid can be uniformly conveyed towards the liquid outlet ring at different angles and directions when the water outlet ring is opposite to the liquid outlet ring next time, and the spraying uniformity is further improved when the anti-freezing liquid is sprayed on the sponge sleeve;
fourthly: when the water outlet ring is not communicated with the liquid outlet ring, the piston mechanism presses water in continuous operation at the moment, the first return spring is extruded, the piston rod drives the connecting block to continuously operate, therefore, the distance between the connecting block and the piston head is changed, when the water outlet ring is communicated with the liquid outlet ring, the return spring immediately releases elastic potential energy of the return spring, so that the antifreeze in the water outlet ring is further pressurized and conveyed into the liquid outlet ring, the pressurized antifreeze can be sprayed out more quickly and further, and the situation that the antifreeze is not sprayed onto the sponge sleeve and is sprayed onto the inner wall of the shell when the spraying pressure is insufficient is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first isometric view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 3 at B in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the configuration of the orb of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the structure at the piston housing of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the structure at the water exit ring of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the cultivation method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a sponge sleeve; 2. a housing; 3. a first motor; 4. a rotating shaft; 5. a limiting shell; 6. a slider; 7. a connecting rod; 8. a ball; 9. a chute; 10. a limiting ring; 11. a liquid outlet ring; 12. a support bar; 13. a water inlet; 14. a second motor; 15. a threaded rod; 16. a cam; 17. a piston housing; 18. connecting blocks; 19. a piston head; 20. a first return spring; 21. a resisting block; 22. a piston rod; 23. a second return spring; 24. a water inlet pipe; 25. a water outlet hose; 26. a container; 27. a water outlet ring; 28. a communication port; 29. a telescopic rod; 30. a hot air blower; 31. an air outlet pipe; 32. an air inlet pipe; 33. an air pump; 34. purifying the shell; 35. a water outlet; 36. and a temperature detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 8, the present invention provides a cultivation device for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera, comprising:
the sponge sleeve 1 is sleeved on the surface of the plant and used for heat preservation and uniform freezing prevention of the plant.
A housing 2, the housing 2 being adapted to house components inside the device and to reduce leakage of liquid.
And the liquid spraying assembly is arranged on the outer side of the sponge sleeve 1 and is used for spraying liquid to the surface of the sponge sleeve 1.
And the driving mechanism is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 2 and is used for driving the liquid spraying assembly to operate.
The transmission mechanism drives the liquid spraying assembly to perform fixed spraying to the surface of the sponge sleeve 1 under the action of the transmission mechanism through the operation of the driving mechanism, and switches the liquid spraying assembly to perform reciprocating vertical movement and reciprocating swing to perform movement under the action of the switching assembly, when the device is used, the sponge sleeve 1 is sleeved on the surface of a plant, the liquid spraying assembly is driven to operate under the action of the transmission mechanism through controlling the operation of the driving mechanism, the liquid spraying assembly is arranged on the outer side of the sponge sleeve 1 and is driven to perform fixed spraying to the surface of the sponge sleeve 1, and the liquid spraying assembly is switched to perform reciprocating vertical movement and reciprocating swing to perform movement under the action of the switching assembly, and the switching operation mode of the device comprises the following steps:
the first point is as follows: in general, by driving the first state of the method, the effect of spraying the antifreeze solution on the sponge sleeve 1 is achieved, so that the sponge sleeve 1 is uniformly soaked, and the effect of performing antifreeze treatment on the surface of the plant is achieved.
And a second point: under establishing the relation through 1 covers of sponge cover for can carry out even soaking in each region on the surface of the plant, consequently the good this mode of effect of preventing frostbite has the security preferred and good effect of preventing frostbite.
And a third point: under special or severe conditions, the first state of the spray head is switched to the second state, and the spray assembly rotates in a reciprocating manner while moving in a reciprocating manner, so that the contact area between the sprayed antifreezing solution and the sponge sleeve 1 is increased, and the antifreezing uniformity is improved.
Fourth step: according to the mode, the temperature detector 36 is adopted, the liquid spraying assembly is driven to spray the antifreeze liquid in a self-adaptive mode through detecting the temperature change on the temperature detector 36, the spraying range is adjustable, and then the plants can be in contact with the antifreeze liquid more quickly, so that the efficient protection effect is achieved, and the high automation and integration effects are achieved.
This liquid spray mode has possessed:
the first point is as follows: go out liquid ring 11 and can cover sponge cover 1 completely and pack into the row and spray antifreeze liquid in the circumference on the horizontal direction, evenly spray sponge cover 1 on vertical height for every position sprays more evenly all on sponge cover 1, avoids appearing the condition that local area is not protected.
And a second point: the mode separates the antifreeze solution initially, and because the ethylene glycol does not have the volatility, but the water can volatilize, so that the antifreeze solution can be separated, the loss of the antifreeze solution can be greatly reduced, and the effect of timely preparing the antifreeze solution is achieved.
And a third point: when the anti-freezing liquid is sprayed regularly, the anti-freezing liquid can be conveyed uniformly towards the liquid outlet ring 11 at different angles and directions, so that the uniform degree of the anti-freezing liquid in multiple directions is kept consistent when the anti-freezing liquid is sprayed on the sponge sleeve 1, and the spraying uniformity is improved.
Further, the drive mechanism includes:
the surface of the first motor 3 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 2, the rotating portion of the first motor 3 is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft 4, and the rotating portion of the first motor 3 can drive the rotating shaft 4 to rotate by controlling the operation of the first motor 3.
Further, the transmission mechanism includes:
spacing shell 5, the fixed surface connection of the surface of spacing shell 5 and pivot 4, 5 inner walls sliding connection of spacing shell have slider 6, and slider 6's removal is restricted by the switching component.
The surface of the connecting rod 7 is fixedly connected with a ball 8, the surface of the sliding block 6 is provided with a sliding groove 9, the ball 8 extends into the sliding groove 9 and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove 9, and the surface of the connecting rod 7 is connected with the liquid spraying assembly.
The liquid spraying device is characterized by further comprising a piston component, the piston component is used for conveying liquid into the liquid spraying component, the rotating shaft 4 rotates to drive the sliding block 6 to rotate, the sliding block 6 and the rotating shaft 4 are in the same horizontal plane at the beginning, as shown in the state of fig. 3, the rotating shaft 4 only can drive the rotating shaft 4 to rotate, and due to the sliding fit relation between the spherical ball 8 and the sliding groove 9 and the rotation of the sliding block 6, the liquid outlet ring 11 cannot rotate and move under the connection of the connecting rod 7.
Further, the spray assembly includes:
the inner side of the limiting ring 10 slides relative to the surface of the liquid outlet ring 11, and the surface of the liquid outlet ring 11 is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting rod 7.
The surface of the support rod 12 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 2, and the surface of the support rod 12 is fixedly connected with the surface of the limiting ring 10.
The inner side of the liquid outlet ring 11 is provided with a plurality of water outlets 35, and the surface of the liquid outlet ring 11 is provided with a water inlet 13.
Further, the switching assembly includes:
the second motor 14 and the rotating part of the second motor 14 are fixedly connected with a threaded rod 15, the surface of the threaded rod 15 is fixedly and rotatably connected with the inner wall of the limiting shell 5, and the surface of the limiting shell 5 is provided with a first opening through which the threaded rod 15 penetrates and is rotatably connected with the fixed shaft.
An inner thread groove is formed in the surface of the sliding block 6, and the sliding block 6 is in threaded connection with the threaded rod 15 through the inner thread groove.
Further, the piston member includes:
and a cam 16, wherein the surface of the cam 16 is fixedly connected with the surface of the rotating shaft 4.
The surface of the piston shell 17 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell 2, the inner wall of the piston shell 17 is connected with a connecting block 18 and a piston head 19 in a sliding mode, and a first return spring 20 is fixedly connected between the connecting block 18 and the piston head 19.
The surface of the abutting block 21 is fixedly connected with a piston rod 22, the surface of the piston rod 22 is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting block 18, and the opposite sides of the piston shell 17 and the abutting block 21 are fixedly connected with a second return spring 23.
The surface of the piston shell 17 is fixedly communicated with a water inlet pipe 24 and a water outlet hose 25, the insides of the water inlet pipe 24 and the water outlet hose 25 are respectively provided with a one-way valve, a first branch pipe on the water inlet pipe 24 is fixedly communicated with a container 26, a second branch pipe on the water inlet pipe 24 penetrates out of the surface of the shell 2, and the end part of the water outlet hose 25 is fixedly communicated with a water outlet ring 27.
The surface of the water outlet ring 27 is provided with a communication port 28, the inner side of the water outlet ring 27 is rotationally connected with the surface fixed shaft of the water outlet ring 11, the caliber of the communication port 28 is matched with the caliber of the water inlet 13, the water outlet ring 27 further comprises a limiting component for limiting the water outlet ring 27, the rotating part of the motor I3 rotates to drive the rotating shaft 4 and the cam 16 to rotate, the rotation of the cam 16 extrudes the abutting block 21, and the abutting block 21, the piston rod 22, the connecting block 18, the return spring II 23 and the piston head 19 move in a reciprocating manner under the elastic relationship of the return spring II 23, so that the pressure in the piston shell 17 changes, and the glycol stored in the container 26 and the external distilled water can be extracted through the water inlet pipe 24 and synchronously pumped into the piston shell 17, the liquid flowing into the piston shell 17 can mutually impact and mix together due to a specific impact force of the piston for extracting the liquid, then the liquid is discharged into the water outlet ring 27 through the water outlet hose 25, when the communication port 28 in the water outlet ring 27 is opposite to the water inlet 13 of the water outlet ring 11, the mixed antifreeze liquid can be introduced into the water outlet ring 11, and finally the antifreeze liquid is sprayed towards the surface of the sponge sleeve 1 through the water outlets 35 on the water outlet ring 11.
Further, the restricting assembly includes:
the telescopic rod 29, both ends of telescopic rod 29 respectively with go out the surface of water ring 27.
And the surface of the limiting shell 5 is fixedly connected, and under the action of the telescopic rod 29, the water outlet ring 27 and the water outlet ring 11 can synchronously move up and down, so that the normal conveying of the antifreezing solution is ensured, and meanwhile, the water outlet ring 27 can not rotate, and the conveying failure is avoided.
Further, a hot air blower 30 is provided on the surface of the housing 2, and a delivery end of the hot air blower 30 extends into the housing 2.
An air outlet pipe 31 and an air inlet pipe 32 are fixedly communicated with the surface of the shell 2, and an air pump 33 is arranged in the air outlet pipe 31.
Purify shell 34, the fixed surface of purifying shell 34 is connected with the fixed surface of shell 2, the surface of outlet duct 31 and the surface of intake pipe 32 all communicate with the fixed surface of purifying shell 34, when detecting under the adverse circumstances, under the condition that the plant frostbite probably appears, through the operation of air heater 30, make to the inside steam of shell 2 of carrying, because of being provided with a plurality of air heaters 30, consequently, make the steam in the shell 2 more even and the speed of filling faster, be favorable to improving the temperature of plant, avoid the condition that the plant is frostbite appearing, in-process in the heating in order to avoid the inside air cleanliness of shell 2, under the drainage effect through air pump 33, make steam enter into outlet duct 31, and carry and purify gas in purifying shell 34, in order to keep gaseous cleanliness, can be carried again by intake pipe 32 after the processing in shell 2, the plant that this mode can be on the one hand carries out steam heating, and then improves its temperature and avoids its frostbite, on the other hand purifies gas, keep the inside gas of shell 2, be favorable to the growth of plant. Moreover through the purification and the emission to the steam, make the inside of shell 2 form one and circulate bad air flow path, and then make the plant blow by the steam all the time on the surface, improved the rate of heating and the heating effect of plant. And finally, after the gas is purified, the gas flows back into the shell 2, so that the effect of waste heat backflow is achieved, the loss of resources is reduced, and the heating cost is reduced.
A cultivation method for improving the cold resistance of oil tea comprises the following steps:
step S1: primary cultivation: firstly, performing sand storage cultivation on camellia seeds in a cultivation area, and taking camellia scions for bud seedling stock grafting in the last 5-month ten days to ensure that camellia plants become new camellia plants after the camellia stock scions are combined and grafted to survive; step S2: and (3) antifreezing preparation: the sponge cover 1 is sleeved on the plant, and the device is arranged near the plant.
And step S3: and (3) conventional antifreezing: the driving mechanism is controlled to operate, and the liquid spraying assembly is driven to perform fixed spraying of the anti-freezing solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant under the action of the transmission mechanism.
And step S4: extreme freeze protection: the driving mechanism is operated by controlling, and the switching assembly switches the driving mechanism to drive the liquid spraying assembly to perform swinging spraying of the antifreeze solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant.
Step S5: centralized cultivation: after the camellia oleifera plants are cultivated to a certain degree, transplanting the camellia oleifera plants into camellia oleifera woodland for cultivation.
Step S6: fertilization and cold resistance: decomposed organic fertilizers and compound fertilizers, particularly cake fertilizers and chemical fertilizers, are applied to the tea-oil tree inter-row spaces, and the fertilizing treatment can improve the soil temperature, protect the roots and promote the growth of the roots.
More specifically: through key technical measures such as applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, the physicochemical properties of soil can be improved by applying the organic fertilizer, so that the growth condition of the camellia oleifera is well improved, indexes such as the land diameter, the spring tip weight, the fresh fruit weight per mu of the camellia oleifera and the like are better than those of contrast treatment, and from the aspect that the indexes such as the thickness of sponge tissues of leaves, the relative water content, the relative conductivity and the like can reflect the cold resistance of the camellia oleifera, the treatment of the camellia oleifera by applying the organic fertilizer is coldest, and the treatment of applying the compound fertilizer is the second.
Step S7: ridging and antifreezing: the method is characterized in that the earth is earthed around the roots or among rows of the camellia oleifera, the earth thickness is 5cm, 15 cm and 25cm, the earth area is 1 square meter, the earth is earthed up and prevented from freezing, direct attack of wind and frost can be resisted, ground radiation at night can be prevented, the ground temperature rise of the camellia oleifera forest is promoted, and the cold resistance of the tree body is improved.
More specifically: the soil ridging of 25cm can obviously improve the soil water content and the soil temperature of the camellia oleifera woodland, reduce the soil volume weight and facilitate the camellia oleifera to better adapt to natural low temperature. When the camellia oleifera forest with the thickness of 15-25cm is earthed up and encounters natural low temperature, the camellia oleifera forest can better reduce the water content through regulation, improve the concentration of in vivo cell sap, reduce the possibility of cell icing, and has small damage degree of camellia oleifera cell membranes and less electrolyte extravasation, thereby improving the cold resistance of the camellia oleifera forest.
Step S8: trimming: the camellia oleifera is pruned, so that the camellia oleifera is moderately dwarfed, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is large, the interior of the crown is ventilated and transparent, the upper and lower penetrability is strong (namely more snow flakes can penetrate through the crown and fall to the ground), the lignification degree of new shoots is enhanced, the accumulation amount of the snow flakes on the crown is reduced, and the stress resistance is enhanced.
More specifically: through key technical measures such as dwarfing the height of the oil tea tree body, evacuating the inner space and the like, the growth condition of the oil tea is well improved, indexes such as the height of the tree, the crown width, the ground diameter, the length of spring tips, the fresh fruit weight per mu yield of the oil tea and the like are superior to those of contrast treatment, and the oil tea treated in the evacuating inner space is most cold-resistant from the indexes such as the thickness of sponge tissues of leaves, relative water content, relative conductivity and the like which can reflect the cold resistance of the oil tea. .
In conclusion, in the cultivation method for improving the cold resistance of the camellia oleifera, the thickness of the sponge tissue of the leaf, the relative water content and the relative conductivity are key index factors influencing the cold resistance of the camellia oleifera, and are negatively related to the cold resistance. By applying organic fertilizer, ridging for 15-25cm, evacuating internal space of the camellia oleifera and other key cultivation technical measures, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, the light transmittance of the camellia oleifera can be increased, the growth conditions of the camellia oleifera can be well improved, the yield is obviously improved, and the cold resistance is obviously enhanced. Therefore, in the subsequent tea-oil tree forestation process, a plurality of organic fertilizers are applied, the rhizosphere is earthed up by 15-25cm, and the tea-oil tree body is subjected to a composite cultivation measure of evacuating the interior, so that the yield of the tea-oil trees can be improved and the stress resistance of the tea-oil trees can be enhanced.
The working principle is as follows: when this breeding device who improves tea-oil camellia cold resistance uses, cover sponge cover 1 on the surface of plant, operate through controlling motor 3, the rotating part of motor 3 can drive pivot 4 and rotate, rotation through pivot 4, can drive slider 6 and rotate, because slider 6 and pivot 4 are on same horizontal plane at the beginning, as the state shown in fig. 3, consequently, pivot 4 only can drive pivot 4 and carry out the rotation, and because the sliding fit relation of ball 8 and spout 9, and the rotation of slider 6, consequently under connecting rod 7's connection, make and draw liquid ring 11 and can not take place to rotate and remove, this is the first state of this mode, the effect of regularly spouting has been reached under the effect of hydrojet subassembly through going out the motionless of liquid ring 11.
The threaded rod 15 is driven to rotate by controlling the operation of the rotating part of the second motor 14, and the limiting shell 5 limits the displacement direction of the slider 6 due to the threaded connection transmission relationship, so that the slider 6 is driven to move vertically, as shown in fig. 5, the upward movement is realized, so that the slider 6 and the rotating shaft 4 gradually move away from each other in the horizontal direction, when the slider 6 is positioned at the upper end of the inner wall of the limiting shell 5, the rotation of the second motor 14 is stopped, the position of the slider 6 is locked by the self-locking relationship of the threads, the rotating shaft 4 and the slider 6 are in the eccentric transmission relationship at the moment, the first motor 3 is controlled to operate again, the limiting shell 5 is driven to rotate under the rotation of the rotating shaft 4, the slider 6 is driven to revolve around the rotating shaft 4 by the rotation of the limiting shell 5, the displacement direction of the liquid outlet ring 11 is limited by the action of the limiting ring 10, so that the liquid outlet 8 slides in the sliding groove 9 in a reciprocating manner along with the rotation of the slider 6, the sliding distance does not exceed the length of the connecting rod 9, and the sponge transmission ring 7 rotates and is matched with the reciprocating effect of the sponge transmission of the rotating ring, so that the liquid outlet ring 11 moves in a reciprocating manner under the reciprocating manner, and the subsequent reciprocating movement of the sponge, and the sponge assembly, so that the liquid outlet ring can move.
The switching operation mode comprises the following steps:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: under general circumstances, when the temperature detector 36 detects that the temperature of the plant is low, under the condition that frostbite may occur, the effect of spraying the antifreeze solution to the sponge sleeve 1 is achieved by driving the first state of the mode, and due to the characteristics of the sponge, the liquid sprayed on the sponge sleeve can be uniformly absorbed by the sponge, so that the sponge sleeve 1 is uniformly wetted, and the effect of performing antifreeze treatment on the surface of the plant is achieved.
Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: under the relation of establishing through the cover of sponge cover 1 for can carry out even soaking in each region on plant surface, consequently the effect of preventing frostbite is good, is different from the current mode of injecting into the plant inside with anti-icing fluid simultaneously, and the security of this mode is not good, because anti-icing fluid has certain toxicity, injects into the anti-icing fluid of plant inside, probably causes certain damage to the human body, consequently the security is not good, and this mode has the effect that the security is preferred and good frostproofing.
Thirdly, the steps of: under special or abominable circumstances, when thermodetector 36 detects the temperature of plant and is low excessively, if do not carry out quick anti-freezing treatment to the plant this moment, the condition that the plant frostbite frozen out very easily appears, transmit this signal to the controller through thermodetector 36, control motor two 14 by the controller again and operate, thereby switch over the first state of this mode to the second state, the mode of reciprocating vertical migration is simultaneously swung, make the hydrojet subassembly reciprocal vertical migration while rotating, consequently, the contact area of the antifreeze that sprays and sponge cover 1 has been increased, consequently, the speed of the antifreeze that sponge cover 1 absorbs is faster, when regularly spraying, probably more time can make the even absorption antifreeze of sponge cover 1, but under the pendulum of this mode is sprayed, make the plant improve the absorption speed of sponge cover 1, and then quick surface to the plant wets, consequently, better protection has been played to the plant, simultaneously more even antifreeze sprays, make when permeating through sponge cover 1 and transmitting to the plant, the homogeneity of spraying can embody, and then the homogeneity of the improvement.
Fourthly: according to the mode, automatic temperature detection is carried out in a mode of the temperature detector 36, the mode is different from a mode of manually spraying anti-freezing solution, the situations that the anti-freezing solution cannot be sprayed in time, the spraying is excessive and the spraying is too low can occur, the mode can adaptively drive the liquid spraying assembly to spray the anti-freezing solution through the temperature change detected by the temperature detector 36, the spraying range is adjustable, and then plants can be in faster contact with the anti-freezing solution, so that the effect of efficient protection is achieved, and the high automation and integration effects are achieved.
The rotating part of the motor I3 drives the rotating shaft 4 and the cam 16 to rotate, the cam 16 rotates to extrude the abutting block 21, and the abutting block 21, the piston rod 22, the connecting block 18, the return spring II 23 and the piston head 19 move in a reciprocating manner under the elastic relationship of the return spring II 23, so that the pressure in the piston shell 17 changes, the ethylene glycol stored in the container 26 and the external distilled water can be extracted through the water inlet pipe 24 and simultaneously pumped into the piston shell 17, the liquid flowing into the piston shell 17 can mutually impact and mix together due to the specific impact force of the piston for extracting the liquid, then the liquid is discharged into the water outlet ring 27 through the water outlet hose 25, when the communication port 28 of the water outlet ring 27 is opposite to the water inlet 13 of the water outlet ring 11, the mixed antifreezing liquid can flow into the water outlet ring 11, and finally the liquid can be sprayed towards the surface of the sponge sleeve 1 through the water outlets 35 on the water outlet ring 11.
This liquid spray mode has possessed:
firstly, the method comprises the following steps: through going out liquid ring 11 and carrying out the hydrojet towards sponge cover 1 by going out, the effect of freeze protection has been reached, it can be complete cover sponge cover 1 and be the circumference on the transverse direction and put into and spray the antifreeze, spray sponge cover 1 on vertical not co-altitude, make the spraying at every position all more even on sponge cover 1, consequently under the prerequisite of 1 absorption rate of sponge cover with higher speed, the even degree of spraying has also been guaranteed, make plant different region departments on the surface can both be moistened by the antifreeze is even, avoid appearing the not protected condition of local area.
Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: because the antifreeze is prepared by mixing ethylene glycol and distilled water according to a ratio, in the actual use process, the antifreeze can be evaporated under the condition of temperature change, and further loss of the antifreeze is caused.
Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: when the anti-freezing liquid is sprayed on the sponge sleeve 1, the anti-freezing liquid is injected into the liquid outlet ring 11 through the communication port 28 and the water inlet 13, which is a fixed spraying state, but when the anti-freezing liquid is switched to a swing spraying state, the liquid outlet ring 11 rotates in a reciprocating manner, so that the water inlet 13 is intermittently aligned with the communication port 28, the anti-freezing liquid flows into the liquid outlet ring 11 when the anti-freezing liquid is aligned with the liquid outlet ring 11, the liquid outlet ring 27 is not communicated with the liquid outlet ring 11 when the anti-freezing liquid is not aligned with the liquid outlet ring, at the moment, the water entering the liquid outlet ring 27 can be quickly filled in the liquid outlet ring 27, so that the anti-freezing liquid can be uniformly conveyed towards the liquid outlet ring 11 at different angles and directions when the liquid outlet ring 27 is aligned with the liquid outlet ring 11 next time, and the uniform degree of the anti-freezing liquid in multiple directions can be kept consistent when the anti-freezing liquid is sprayed on the sponge sleeve 1, and the spraying uniformity degree is improved.
Fourthly: when the water outlet ring 27 is not communicated with the liquid outlet ring 11 and after the antifreeze in the water outlet ring 27 is filled, but at the same time, the piston mechanism is still pressing water in continuous operation, so that the first return spring 20 of the piston head 19 shown in fig. 6 does not deform during normal piston operation and transportation, but after the antifreeze in the water outlet ring 27 is filled, the piston head 19 cannot move upwards any more and can press the first return spring 20, but the piston rod 22 can drive the connecting block 18 to operate continuously, so that the distance from the connecting block 18 to the piston head 19 changes, and meanwhile, the first return spring 20 forms elastic potential energy, and when the water outlet ring 27 is communicated with the liquid outlet ring 11, the first reset spring 20 releases the elastic potential energy immediately, so that the piston head 19 is quickly reset, the antifreeze in the water outlet ring 27 is further pressurized and conveyed into the liquid outlet ring 11, the pressurized antifreeze can be sprayed out more quickly and further, and the situation that the antifreeze is not sprayed onto the inner wall of the shell 2 due to the fact that the antifreeze is not sprayed onto the sponge sleeve 1 when the spraying pressure is insufficient is avoided.
In the cultivation process, the thickness, the relative water content and the relative conductivity of the sponge tissue of the camellia oleifera leaf are key index factors influencing the cold resistance of the camellia oleifera and are negatively correlated with the cold resistance when the cultivation device is used for cultivating the camellia oleifera; by applying organic fertilizer, ridging for 15-25cm, evacuating internal space of the camellia oleifera and other key cultivation technical measures, the physical and chemical properties of the soil can be improved, the light transmittance of the camellia oleifera can be increased, the growth conditions of the camellia oleifera can be well improved, the yield is obviously improved, and the cold resistance is obviously enhanced. Therefore, in the subsequent tea-oil tree forestation process, a plurality of organic fertilizers are applied, the rhizosphere is earthed up by 15-25cm, and the tea-oil tree body is subjected to a composite cultivation measure of evacuating the interior, so that the yield of the tea-oil trees can be improved and the stress resistance of the tea-oil trees can be enhanced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an improve breeding device of tea-oil camellia cold resistance which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the sponge sleeve (1) is sleeved on the surface of the plant and is used for heat preservation and uniform freezing prevention of the plant;
a housing (2), said housing (2) being adapted to mount components inside the device and to reduce leakage of liquid;
the liquid spraying assembly is arranged on the outer side of the sponge sleeve (1) and is used for spraying liquid to the surface of the sponge sleeve (1);
the driving mechanism is arranged on the inner wall of the shell (2) and is used for driving the liquid spraying assembly to operate;
the transmission mechanism drives the liquid spraying assembly to perform fixed spraying on the surface of the sponge sleeve (1) under the action of the transmission mechanism through the operation of the driving mechanism, and switches the liquid spraying assembly to perform reciprocating vertical movement and reciprocating swing movement under the action of the switching assembly;
the drive mechanism includes:
the surface of the first motor (3) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell (2), and a rotating part of the first motor (3) is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft (4);
the transmission mechanism includes:
the surface of the limiting shell (5) is fixedly connected with the surface of the rotating shaft (4), a sliding block (6) is connected to the inner wall of the limiting shell (5) in a sliding manner, and the movement of the sliding block (6) is limited by the switching component;
the surface of the connecting rod (7) is fixedly connected with a ball (8), the surface of the sliding block (6) is provided with a sliding groove (9), the ball (8) extends into the sliding groove (9) and is in sliding connection with the sliding groove, and the surface of the connecting rod (7) is connected with the liquid spraying assembly;
the liquid spraying device also comprises a piston component used for conveying liquid into the liquid spraying assembly;
the switching assembly includes:
a rotating part of the second motor (14) is fixedly connected with a threaded rod (15), the surface of the threaded rod (15) is fixedly and rotatably connected with the inner wall of the limiting shell (5), and the surface of the limiting shell (5) is provided with a first opening through which the threaded rod (15) penetrates and is rotatably connected with the fixed shaft of the threaded rod;
an inner thread groove is formed in the surface of the sliding block (6), and the sliding block (6) is in threaded connection with the threaded rod (15) through the inner thread groove;
a temperature detector (36), wherein the temperature detector (36) is arranged on the surface of the sponge sleeve (1).
2. A culture device for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein: the spray assembly comprises:
the inner side of the limiting ring (10) slides relative to the surface of the liquid outlet ring (11), and the surface of the liquid outlet ring (11) is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting rod (7);
the surface of the supporting rod (12) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell (2), and the surface of the supporting rod (12) is fixedly connected with the surface of the limiting ring (10);
a plurality of water outlets (35) are formed in the inner side of the liquid outlet ring (11), and a water inlet (13) is formed in the surface of the liquid outlet ring (11).
3. A culture device for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera according to claim 2, wherein: the piston member includes:
the surface of the cam (16) is fixedly connected with the surface of the rotating shaft (4);
the surface of the piston shell (17) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the shell (2), the inner wall of the piston shell (17) is connected with a connecting block (18) and a piston head (19) in a sliding mode, and a first return spring (20) is fixedly connected between the connecting block (18) and the piston head (19) together;
the surface of the abutting block (21) is fixedly connected with a piston rod (22), the surface of the piston rod (22) is fixedly connected with the surface of the connecting block (18), and the opposite sides of the piston shell (17) and the abutting block (21) are fixedly connected with a second return spring (23) together;
a water inlet pipe (24) and a water outlet hose (25) are fixedly communicated with the surface of the piston shell (17), one-way valves are arranged inside the water inlet pipe (24) and the water outlet hose (25), a first branch pipe on the water inlet pipe (24) is fixedly communicated with a container (26), a second branch pipe on the water inlet pipe (24) penetrates out of the surface of the shell (2), and a water outlet ring (27) is fixedly communicated with the end part of the water outlet hose (25);
the surface of the water outlet ring (27) is provided with a communication port (28), the inner side of the water outlet ring (27) is in fixed-axis rotation connection with the surface of the liquid outlet ring (11), the caliber of the communication port (28) is matched with the caliber of the water inlet (13), and the water outlet ring limiting device further comprises a limiting assembly used for limiting the water outlet ring (27).
4. A culture device for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera according to claim 3, wherein: the restraint assembly includes:
a telescopic rod (29), wherein two ends of the telescopic rod (29) are respectively connected with the surface of the water outlet ring (27)
And the surface of the limiting shell (5) is fixedly connected.
5. A culture device for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera according to claim 1, wherein: the surface of the shell (2) is provided with a hot air blower (30), and the conveying end of the hot air blower (30) extends into the shell (2);
an air outlet pipe (31) and an air inlet pipe (32) are fixedly communicated with the surface of the shell (2), and an air pump (33) is arranged in the air outlet pipe (31);
the surface of the purifying shell (34) is fixedly connected with the surface of the shell (2), and the surface of the air outlet pipe (31) is fixedly communicated with the surface of the air inlet pipe (32) on the surface of the purifying shell (34).
6. A cultivation method using the cultivation apparatus for improving the cold resistance of camellia oleifera as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step S1, primary cultivation: firstly, performing sand storage cultivation on camellia seeds in a cultivation area, and taking camellia scions for bud seedling stock grafting in the last 5-month ten days to ensure that camellia plants become new camellia plants after the camellia stock scions are combined and grafted to survive;
s2, antifreezing preparation: the sponge sleeve (1) is sleeved on the plant, and the device is arranged at the plant accessory;
and S3, conventional antifreezing: the driving mechanism is operated through control, and the liquid spraying assembly is driven to perform fixed spraying of the anti-freezing solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant under the action of the transmission mechanism;
s4, extreme antifreezing: the driving mechanism is operated by controlling the driving mechanism, and the switching assembly switches the driving mechanism to drive the liquid spraying assembly to perform swinging spraying of the antifreeze solution on the surface of the camellia oleifera plant;
step S5, centralized cultivation: after the camellia oleifera plants are cultivated to a certain degree, transferring the camellia oleifera plants to a camellia oleifera woodland for cultivation;
step S6, fertilizing and cold resistance: applying decomposed organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, specifically cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, to the tea-oil tree inter-row space;
step S7, ridging and antifreezing: carrying out earthing up around the roots or among rows of the camellia oleifera, wherein the earthing up thickness is 5, 15 and 25 centimeters, and the earthing up area is 1 square meter;
step S8, trimming: the camellia oleifera is pruned, so that the camellia oleifera is moderately dwarfed, the included angle between the main branch and the trunk is large, and the crown is ventilated and transparent and has strong upper and lower penetrability.
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| US3575349A (en) * | 1968-03-20 | 1971-04-20 | Stahl Karl Heinz | Spraying apparatus |
| JPH05193590A (en) * | 1992-01-22 | 1993-08-03 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Crawler type freeze preventing liquid spraying device |
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| CN114793717A (en) | 2022-07-29 |
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