CN114790758B - Prefabricated top plate and cushion layer for cover excavation construction and construction method - Google Patents
Prefabricated top plate and cushion layer for cover excavation construction and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114790758B CN114790758B CN202210286078.9A CN202210286078A CN114790758B CN 114790758 B CN114790758 B CN 114790758B CN 202210286078 A CN202210286078 A CN 202210286078A CN 114790758 B CN114790758 B CN 114790758B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000276425 Xiphophorus maculatus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011381 foam concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/045—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them
- E02D29/05—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench
- E02D29/055—Underground structures, e.g. tunnels or galleries, built in the open air or by methods involving disturbance of the ground surface all along the location line; Methods of making them at least part of the cross-section being constructed in an open excavation or from the ground surface, e.g. assembled in a trench further excavation of the cross-section proceeding underneath an already installed part of the structure, e.g. the roof of a tunnel
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/02—Foundation pits
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a prefabricated top plate, a cushion layer and a construction method for cover excavation construction, which comprise a plate body made of concrete, wherein the lower side of the plate body is arched with a certain pre-camber, a steel structure is embedded in the plate body, the steel structure comprises angle steel embedded at corners of the plate body, the steel structure comprises steel bars embedded in the upper layer and the lower layer of the plate body, the steel bars are arranged transversely and longitudinally and are in a grid shape, and the end parts of the steel bars are fixed on the corresponding angle steel. The precast slab body is used as a top plate for cover excavation construction, the steel structure is not only provided with the supporting performance, but also the bottom of the slab body is provided with a certain pre-camber, and the precast slab body has the attribute similar to a bridge.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of subway engineering construction, and particularly relates to a prefabricated top plate and cushion layer for cover excavation construction and a construction method.
Background
The cover excavation construction is a novel engineering construction method which needs to penetrate through barriers such as roads and buildings when underground engineering is constructed, the top is closed after the underground engineering is excavated downwards to a certain depth, and the rest lower engineering is constructed under the closed top cover. The main structure can be operated in sequence or in reverse. The horizontal displacement to the structure is little, and factor of safety is high, and is little to the influence on ground, only seals ground traffic in the short time, and the construction is little by the influence of external weather.
The cover digs the construction and needs prefabricated roof to support as ground, then excavates and the construction downwards at the roof, and the in-process of prefabricated roof excavates the certain degree of depth in ground earlier, then pours concrete cushion, and the cushion is used for pouring the bottom sprag when the roof, and the concrete material of cushion uses the cement volume less, and structural density is surmounted, and is more fragile, is convenient for break after the roof pours to accomplish, remains the roof.
The existing prefabricated top plate is a horizontal supporting plate, has a concrete and steel reinforcement framework structure, but is not enough in strength as a ground surface support, is low in safety, and particularly needs to normally pass vehicles under the condition of road traffic, and is easy to sink and deform under the condition of bearing pressure for a long time, and concrete cracks. Therefore, the invention mainly prepares the top plate with the pre-camber, and the top plate can not generate the problems of bottom cracking and deformation when the top plate bears high-strength pressure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a prefabricated top plate, a cushion layer and a construction method for cover excavation construction, which are used for solving the problems that the bottom of the top plate is not cracked or deformed when the top plate bears high-strength pressure by preparing the top plate with pre-camber.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
The prefabricated top plate for the cover excavation construction comprises a plate body made of concrete, wherein the side of the plate body is provided with a wall body extending to a stratum and used for supporting the plate body, and the lower side of the plate body is arched with a certain pre-camber;
The steel structure is embedded in the plate body and comprises angle steel embedded in the corner of the plate body, the section of the angle steel is L-shaped, and the end points corresponding to the angle steel are fixed;
the steel structure comprises a plurality of steel bars embedded in the upper layer and the lower layer of the plate body, wherein the steel bars are transversely and longitudinally arranged and are grid-shaped after being arranged, and the end parts of the steel bars are fixed on corresponding angle steels.
Further, the end part corresponding to the angle steel is provided with a perforation, after the end part of the angle steel is aligned, the perforation corresponding to the angle steel is aligned, and the angle steel is fixed through a bolt.
Further, the side of the angle steel of the end part of the steel bar is provided with a notch for accommodating the end part of the steel bar, and the notches are uniformly arranged along the side of the angle steel.
A bed course for covering dig prefabricated roof of construction, the bed course avris aligns with plate body bottom avris, the downside of bed course supports in the foundation ditch bottom, the upside of bed course be with plate body bottom pre-camber assorted arch, the bed course is inside to have the steelframe, adopts the concrete placement of easy broken disassembling to form.
Further, the concrete for cushion layer pouring comprises foam concrete materials with air holes, which are prepared by mixing cement, fly ash, fine sand, lime powder, air entrainment powder slag and foaming agent; wherein, the cement is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 150-180 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of fine sand, 100-120 parts of lime powder, 10-15 parts of air entrainment powder slag, 30-50 parts of foaming agent and 1-2 parts of foaming agent.
Further, the steel frame comprises profile steel embedded into two sides of the bottom of the cushion layer;
comprises a supporting frame embedded in the center of the cushion layer;
Including embedding in a plurality of steel bars of cushion upside arcuation face, the steel bar is rectangular platy, the central authorities of steel bar are fixed in the support frame, the tip of steel bar is fixed in the shaped steel at both ends, the steel bar is along shaped steel length direction evenly arranges in proper order.
Further, the section steel is L-shaped, including horizontal steel sheet and vertical steel sheet, imbed the bottom and the avris of bed course respectively, detachable panel is installed to the upside of vertical steel sheet, panel and vertical steel sheet are parallel and form the intermediate layer between, insert the intermediate layer after buckling of the tip of billet, the bolt that is used for fixed billet tip is installed to the intermediate layer, the vertical steel sheet corresponds the position of bolt, has seted up the bolt hole that supplies the bolt to pass and screw-thread fit.
Further, the side of the transverse steel plate is provided with a clamping groove, a tack is arranged in the clamping groove, and the tack penetrates through the clamping groove and is inserted into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit to be used for fixing the section steel.
Further, a through hole is formed in the center of the steel bar, and a screw penetrates through the through hole and is fixed to the supporting frame.
The construction method of the prefabricated top plate for the cover excavation construction comprises the following steps of,
(1) Excavation of a foundation pit: firstly excavating a foundation pit corresponding to a cover-excavation construction point according to the area of the cover-excavation construction, and calculating the size of a top plate and the pre-camber of the bottom;
(2) And (3) cushion layer construction: according to the pre-camber, a steel frame in a cushion layer is built, when the steel frame is built, profile steel is fixed on the side of a foundation pit, then a supporting frame is fixed, the height of the supporting frame is adjusted according to the pre-camber, steel bars are sequentially installed, the centers of the steel bars are fixed on the supporting frame, then the two sides of the steel bars are bent downwards, and the bending is carried out until the positions of the profile steel are fixed;
(3) Pouring a cushion layer: preparing a cushion layer concrete material, pouring the cushion layer concrete material on a steel frame, uniformly penetrating the cushion layer concrete material through vibration of a vibrating rod, then hanging excessive concrete material along the radian of a steel bar through a batten or a scraping plate to form an upward arc-shaped arched cushion layer, and standing for drying and forming of concrete;
(4) And (3) roof pouring: after the cushion layer is dried, paving a layer of geomembrane on the surface, then starting to pour a top plate, prefabricating a steel structure, reserving a side wall of the top plate, configuring concrete for top plate pouring, firstly installing the steel structure, pouring the concrete, uniformly mixing through vibration of a vibration rod, and standing until the top plate concrete is solidified and formed;
(5) Cushion rupture: after the top plate is dried and formed, the bottom cushion layer is broken, a manhole is excavated below the top plate, the cushion layer is broken through hammering, a steel frame is recovered, and top plate prefabrication is completed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The precast slab body is used as a top plate for cover excavation construction, the steel structure is not only provided with the supporting performance, but also the bottom of the slab body is provided with a certain pre-camber, and the precast slab body has the attribute similar to a bridge.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly described, and it is possible for a person skilled in the art to obtain other drawings from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1: the top plate of the invention is provided with a cut-away structural diagram.
Fig. 2: the steel structure of the invention is shown in a structural diagram.
Fig. 3: the plate body and the cushion layer are matched with a structural diagram.
Fig. 4: the cushion layer of the invention is provided with a cut-away structural diagram.
Fig. 5: the structure of the steel frame of the invention.
Fig. 6: the invention relates to a steel frame and a partial enlarged structure diagram.
Fig. 7: the invention relates to a steel frame and a partial enlarged structure diagram.
In the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:
plate body 1, wall 11, steel structure 2, angle steel 21, reinforcing steel 23, notch 22, bedding 3, steelframe 4, shaped steel 41, support frame 42, steel bar 43, panel 44, intermediate layer 45, draw-in groove 46, tack 47.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, where the embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
In the present invention, it is to be understood that: references to orientation or positional relationship such as "open", "upper", "lower", "thickness", "top", "middle", "length", "inner", "peripheral", etc. are merely for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components referred to must have a particular orientation.
As shown in fig. 1-3: the utility model provides a cover digs construction prefabricated roof, includes the plate body 1 of concrete, and the plate body is the rectangle, and thickness is 30-40cm, and the size is according to subway station cover digs construction point actual. The side of the plate body 1 is provided with a wall body 11 extending towards a stratum, the wall body is used for supporting the side of the plate body, the wall body is formed by pouring concrete and is used for supporting the plate body, and the lower side of the plate body 1 is arched with a certain pre-camber; the optimal pre-camber requirement is calculated according to the size of the top plate.
The steel structure 2 is embedded in the plate body 1, the steel structure 2 comprises angle steel 21 embedded in the corner of the plate body 1, the section of the angle steel 21 is L-shaped, and the end points corresponding to the angle steel 21 are fixed; the plate body is cuboid shape, corresponds to have twelve corners, corresponds to have twelve angle steel, and angle steel length is different, and the extreme point department is fixed, constitutes frame construction.
The steel structure 2 comprises a plurality of steel bars 23 embedded in the upper surface layer and the lower surface layer of the plate body 1, wherein the steel bars 23 are transversely and longitudinally arranged, the transverse and longitudinal steel bars 23 are arranged to form a grid shape, and the end parts of the steel bars 23 are fixed on corresponding angle steels 21. The intersection of the transverse reinforcing steel bars and the longitudinal reinforcing steel bars can be bundled by binding wires, and the steel structure is used for improving the supporting strength of the plate body.
In the invention, the precast slab body is used as a top plate for cover excavation construction, not only has a steel structure to improve the supporting performance, but also has a certain pre-camber at the bottom of the slab body, and has the property similar to a bridge.
As shown in fig. 2: perforations are formed in the corresponding end portions of the angle steel 21, and after the end portions of the angle steel are aligned, the corresponding perforations are aligned and fixed through bolts. Accurate installation of angle steel of being convenient for avoids the welding, is convenient for temporarily adjust.
As shown in fig. 2: the side of the angle steel 21 at the end part of the steel bar 23 is provided with a notch 22 for accommodating the end part of the steel bar 23, and the notches 22 are uniformly arranged along the side of the angle steel 21. The steel structures at the corresponding positions of the plate body are relatively uniform, so that the strength of the plate body is improved.
As shown in fig. 3-5: the side of the cushion layer 3 is aligned with the side of the bottom of the plate body 1, the lower side of the cushion layer 3 is supported at the bottom of a foundation pit, the upper side of the cushion layer 3 is arched matched with the pre-camber of the bottom of the plate body 1, a steel frame 4 is arranged in the cushion layer 3, and concrete casting which is easy to crush and disassemble is adopted to form the cushion layer. The thickness of the cushion layer is about 15cm, the sand content in the concrete is high, the texture is softer, the concrete is used for forming a layer of cushion layer at the bottom of the plate body, then the concrete for the plate body is poured, after the concrete of the upper plate body is solidified, the cushion layer at the bottom is broken, the arch at the top of the cushion layer is used for forming the pre-arch degree of the bottom of the plate body.
The concrete for pouring the cushion layer 3 comprises foam concrete materials with air holes, which are prepared by mixing cement, fly ash, fine sand, lime powder, air entrainment powder slag and foaming agent; wherein, the cement is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 150-180 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of fine sand, 100-120 parts of lime powder, 10-15 parts of air entrainment powder slag, 30-50 parts of foaming agent and 1-2 parts of foaming agent. The cement is ordinary Portland cement 32.5 grade or 42.5 grade. The foaming agent is a foaming agent special for YX series foaming bricks, and specifically is one of MNC-FP or SDS. The novel plastic has the characteristics of certain supporting performance, softer texture and easy breaking.
As shown in fig. 6: the steel frame 4 comprises profile steel 41 embedded in two sides of the bottom of the cushion layer 3;
Including a support frame 42 embedded in the center of the mat;
Including embedding in the a plurality of steel bars 43 of cushion 3 upside arcuation face, steel bar 43 is rectangular platy, the central authorities of steel bar 43 are fixed in support frame 42, the tip of steel bar 43 is fixed in the shaped steel 41 at both ends, steel bar 43 is evenly arranged in proper order along shaped steel length direction. Wherein the support frame is wooden and builds, disposable, can be according to the crooked radian demand height-adjusting of billet, the billet is thinner, has certain bending capacity, the radian of billet bending is the radian of bed course upside arch, the bed course installs the steelframe earlier before pouring, then pours the concrete, scrape the unnecessary concrete of brush bed course upside through batten or chi strip, scrape the brush along the billet radian when scraping the brush for form certain camber in the upside of bed course, the camber is precalculated, then changes the height of support frame, makes the billet reach certain crooked purpose. The cushion layer prepared by the method not only can be used for manufacturing the cushion layer with regular shape, but also can be used for adjusting the height of the supporting frame according to the requirement and changing the arch degree.
As shown in fig. 6: the section steel 41 is L-shaped, including horizontal steel sheet and vertical steel sheet, imbed the bottom and the avris of bed course 3 respectively, detachable panel 44 is installed to the upside of vertical steel sheet, panel 44 is parallel and form intermediate layer 45 with vertical steel sheet between, insert intermediate layer 45 after buckling of the tip of billet 43, the bolt that is used for fixed billet tip is installed to intermediate layer 45, the vertical steel sheet corresponds the position of bolt, has seted up the bolt hole that supplies the bolt to pass and screw-thread fit. The bolt hole is a tapping threaded hole and is positioned on one side of the interlayer, the end part of the steel bar is bent and then provided with a vertical folded edge, the interlayer is vertically inserted, and the corresponding bolt is rotated and the end part of the steel bar is extruded, so that the steel bar is fixed. The section steel and the steel bar can be repeatedly used, when the cushion layer is broken, the steel frame can be recovered, the panel is a straight steel plate and can be detachably mounted, and the section steel and the steel bar are used for removing concrete in the interlayer during recovery.
As shown in fig. 7: the side of the transverse steel plate is provided with a clamping groove 46, a tack 47 is arranged in the clamping groove 46, and the tack 47 penetrates through the clamping groove 46 and is inserted into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit to fix the section steel 41. The tack has tip clamp plate and toper nail portion, and fixed shaped steel prevents that the billet from kick-backing under the toughness effect, pulls the shaped steel to take place the displacement.
As shown in fig. 6: the steel bar 43 is provided with a through hole at the center thereof, and is fixed to the supporting frame 42 by passing a screw through the through hole. For fixing the center of the steel bar.
The construction method for the prefabricated top plate for the cover excavation construction comprises the following steps of,
(1) Excavation of a foundation pit: firstly excavating a foundation pit corresponding to a cover-excavation construction point according to the area of the cover-excavation construction, and calculating the size of a top plate and the pre-camber of the bottom;
(2) And (3) cushion layer construction: according to the pre-camber, a steel frame in a cushion layer is built, when the steel frame is built, profile steel is fixed on the side of a foundation pit, then a supporting frame is fixed, the height of the supporting frame is adjusted according to the pre-camber, steel bars are sequentially installed, the centers of the steel bars are fixed on the supporting frame, then the two sides of the steel bars are bent downwards, and the bending is carried out until the positions of the profile steel are fixed;
(3) Pouring a cushion layer: preparing a cushion layer concrete material, pouring the cushion layer concrete material on a steel frame, uniformly penetrating the cushion layer concrete material through vibration of a vibrating rod, then hanging excessive concrete material along the radian of a steel bar through a batten or a scraping plate to form an upward arc-shaped arched cushion layer, and standing for drying and forming of concrete;
(4) And (3) roof pouring: after the cushion layer is dried, paving a layer of geomembrane on the surface, then starting to pour a top plate, prefabricating a steel structure, reserving a side wall of the top plate, configuring concrete for top plate pouring, firstly installing the steel structure, pouring the concrete, uniformly mixing through vibration of a vibration rod, and standing until the top plate concrete is solidified and formed;
(5) Cushion rupture: after the top plate is dried and formed, the bottom cushion layer is broken, a manhole is excavated below the top plate, the cushion layer is broken through hammering, a steel frame is recovered, and top plate prefabrication is completed.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended only to assist in the explanation of the invention. The preferred embodiments are not exhaustive of all details. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand and utilize the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a lid digs prefabricated roof of construction which characterized in that:
the concrete-made plate comprises a concrete-made plate body (1), wherein a wall body (11) extending towards a stratum is arranged on the side of the plate body (1) and is used for supporting the plate body, and the lower side of the plate body (1) is arched with a certain pre-camber;
The steel structure (2) is embedded in the plate body (1), the steel structure (2) comprises angle steel (21) embedded in the corner of the plate body (1), the section of the angle steel (21) is L-shaped, and the corresponding end points of the angle steel (21) are fixed;
the steel structure (2) comprises a plurality of steel bars (23) embedded in the upper layer and the lower layer of the plate body (1), wherein the steel bars (23) are transversely and longitudinally arranged, the transverse and longitudinal steel bars (23) are arranged to form a grid shape, and the end parts of the steel bars (23) are fixed on corresponding angle steels (21);
The method comprises the steps of covering and digging a cushion layer of a prefabricated top plate, wherein the side of the cushion layer (3) is aligned with the side of the bottom of a plate body (1), the lower side of the cushion layer (3) is supported at the bottom of a foundation pit, the upper side of the cushion layer (3) is arched matched with the pre-camber of the bottom of the plate body (1), a steel frame (4) is arranged in the cushion layer (3), and concrete which is easy to crush and disassemble is poured;
The construction method for the cover-excavation construction of the prefabricated top plate comprises the following steps:
(1) Excavation of a foundation pit: firstly excavating a foundation pit corresponding to a cover-excavation construction point according to the area of the cover-excavation construction, and calculating the size of a top plate and the pre-camber of the bottom;
(2) And (3) cushion layer construction: according to the pre-camber, a steel frame in a cushion layer is built, when the steel frame is built, profile steel is fixed on the side of a foundation pit, then a supporting frame is fixed, the height of the supporting frame is adjusted according to the pre-camber, steel bars are sequentially installed, the centers of the steel bars are fixed on the supporting frame, then the two sides of the steel bars are bent downwards, and the bending is carried out until the positions of the profile steel are fixed;
(3) Pouring a cushion layer: preparing a cushion layer concrete material, pouring the cushion layer concrete material on a steel frame, uniformly penetrating the cushion layer concrete material through vibration of a vibrating rod, then hanging excessive concrete material along the radian of a steel bar through a batten or a scraping plate to form an upward arc-shaped arched cushion layer, and standing for drying and forming of concrete;
(4) And (3) roof pouring: after the cushion layer is dried, paving a layer of geomembrane on the surface, then starting to pour a top plate, prefabricating a steel structure, reserving a side wall of the top plate, configuring concrete for top plate pouring, firstly installing the steel structure, pouring the concrete, uniformly mixing through vibration of a vibration rod, and standing until the top plate concrete is solidified and formed;
(5) Cushion rupture: after the top plate is dried and formed, the bottom cushion layer is broken, a manhole is excavated below the top plate, the cushion layer is broken through hammering, a steel frame is recovered, and top plate prefabrication is completed.
2. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 1, wherein: perforations are formed in the corresponding end portions of the angle steel (21), and after the end portions of the angle steel are aligned, the corresponding perforations are aligned and fixed through bolts.
3. The cover-excavation construction prefabricated roof according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the steel bar is characterized in that the side of the angle steel (21) at the end part of the steel bar (23) is provided with notches (22) for accommodating the end part of the steel bar (23), and the notches (22) are uniformly arranged along the side of the angle steel (21).
4. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete for pouring the cushion layer (3) comprises foamed concrete materials with air holes, which are prepared by mixing cement, fly ash, fine sand, lime powder, air entrainment powder slag and foaming agent; wherein, the cement is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 150-180 parts of fly ash, 30-40 parts of fine sand, 100-120 parts of lime powder, 10-15 parts of air entrainment powder slag, 30-50 parts of foaming agent and 1-2 parts of foaming agent.
5. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 1, wherein: the steel frame (4) comprises profile steel (41) embedded in two sides of the bottom of the cushion layer (3);
comprises a supporting frame (42) embedded in the center of the cushion layer (3);
Including embedding in a plurality of billet (43) of bed course (3) upside arcuation face, billet (43) are rectangular platy, the central authorities of billet (43) are fixed in support frame (42), the tip of billet (43) is fixed in shaped steel (41) at both ends, the billet (43) are along shaped steel length direction evenly arranges in proper order.
6. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 5, wherein: the section steel (41) is L-shaped, comprises a transverse steel plate and a longitudinal steel plate, wherein the bottom and the side of the cushion layer (3) are respectively embedded in the transverse steel plate, a detachable panel (44) is arranged on the upper side of the longitudinal steel plate, an interlayer (45) is formed between the panel (44) and the longitudinal steel plate in parallel, the end part of the steel bar (43) is bent, the interlayer (45) is inserted into the end part of the steel bar, a bolt for fixing the end part of the steel bar is arranged in the interlayer (45), and a bolt hole for the bolt to penetrate through and be in threaded fit is formed in the position of the longitudinal steel plate corresponding to the bolt.
7. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 6, wherein: the side of the transverse steel plate is provided with a clamping groove (46), a tack (47) is arranged in the clamping groove (46), and the tack (47) penetrates through the clamping groove (46) and is inserted into the soil layer at the bottom of the foundation pit to fix the profile steel (41).
8. The prefabricated roof for cover excavation construction according to claim 5 or 6, wherein: a through hole is formed in the center of the steel bar (43), and a screw penetrates through the through hole and is fixed to the supporting frame (42).
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