CN106968692B - Tunnel excavation supporting structure and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel excavation supporting structure and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106968692B CN106968692B CN201710390683.XA CN201710390683A CN106968692B CN 106968692 B CN106968692 B CN 106968692B CN 201710390683 A CN201710390683 A CN 201710390683A CN 106968692 B CN106968692 B CN 106968692B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/003—Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
- E21D20/021—Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
- E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel excavation supporting structure and a construction method. The concrete pile comprises rock-entering reinforcing steel bars driven in around a surrounding rock, hooks arranged at the end parts of non-rock-entering sections of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars, transverse bars transversely arranged at the non-rock-entering sections of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars, 1 vertical bar arranged at the intersection position of each rock-entering reinforcing steel bar and each transverse bar, and a template structure arranged outside a concrete layer; in the space formed by the template structure and the surrounding rock, a concrete layer is filled by taking a steel bar net piece formed by the rock-entering steel bars, the transverse bars and the vertical bars as a framework. The invention has simple structure and convenient operation, adopts the reinforced concrete structure to carry out integral support after the tunnel excavation is finished, and greatly ensures the safety of tunnel construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tunnel construction, in particular to a tunnel excavation supporting structure and a construction method.
Background
Along with the development of the domestic underground engineering technology, the current underground tunnel traffic construction is more and more popular, in the tunnel construction process, the tunnel support is the most important, the tunnel support plays a vital role on the safety of the tunnel, the existing tunnel support is mostly carried out in simple primary support and secondary lining subsection, thus, for the section with poor geology, the primary support is easy to deform and crack, the surrounding rock settlement can be caused when the secondary lining is not carried out, the water seepage is large, the rock mass collapse can be caused seriously, and in the process of the primary support and the secondary lining subsection construction, the joint of the primary support and the secondary lining subsection construction can be not compact, the whole instability of the support structure is caused, and the safety of constructors in the tunnel is threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the connection between the primary tunnel support and the secondary lining subsection is not compact, the structural safety is poor and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the technical scheme that:
a tunnel excavation supporting structure comprises rock-entering reinforcing steel bars driven in around a surrounding rock, hooks are arranged at the end parts of rock-entering reinforcing steel bar non-rock-entering sections, a plurality of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars are grouped along a tunnel direction, a row is vertically arranged between the groups, each group of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars is transversely provided with a transverse bar at the non-rock-entering section, 1 vertical bar is arranged at the intersection position of each rock-entering reinforcing steel bar and the transverse bar,
the tunnel vault structure comprises a tunnel vault, a concrete layer and a formwork structure, wherein the tunnel vault is provided with a tunnel vault arch, the concrete layer is arranged on the tunnel vault arch, the formwork structure comprises a first formwork, a second formwork and a third formwork, the third formwork is arranged at the bottom of the tunnel vault, the first formwork and the second formwork are respectively fixedly arranged at two sides of the third formwork, and the bottom ends of the first formwork and the second formwork are fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the tunnel;
in the space formed by the template structure and the surrounding rock, a concrete layer is filled by taking a steel bar net piece formed by the rock-entering steel bars, the transverse bars and the vertical bars as a framework.
Specifically, a waterproof layer is arranged around the surrounding rock.
Specifically, the length of a hook arranged at the end of a non-rock-entering section of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bar is 10d, d is the diameter of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bar, 5 transverse rock-entering reinforcing steel bars form a group, the distance between every two rock-entering reinforcing steel bars is 1m, and a row of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars is vertically arranged at 60cm intervals.
Specifically, be provided with the concrete cushion on the tunnel bottom surface, the bottom mounting of first template, second template sets up on the C15 concrete cushion.
Preferably, bolts are embedded in the two sides, close to the surrounding rock, of the C15 concrete cushion layer, and the third connecting plates at the bottom ends of the first template and the second template are connected with the embedded bolts arranged on the C15 concrete cushion layer.
Specifically, the two ends of the third template are provided with second connecting plates correspondingly connected with the first template and the second template, and the first connecting plates arranged on the upper parts of the first template and the second template are connected with the second connecting plates at the two ends of the bottom surface of the third template through bolts.
Preferably, a layer of gasket is arranged at the joint of the first template, the second template and the third template.
Specifically, the first template, the second template and the third template are all provided with strip-shaped holes, and the strip-shaped holes are all fixedly provided with blocking plates.
The invention also provides a construction method of the tunnel excavation supporting structure, which comprises the following concrete construction steps:
a. tunnel excavation and confirmation of wall rock radian
Measuring the radian of surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, generating data after measurement, and providing the data to a template manufacturing factory to manufacture a sizing template, wherein the template is divided into a first template, a second template and a third template;
b. c15 concrete cushion layer is laid
After the tunnel is excavated, a C15 concrete cushion layer is laid on the bottom surface, the thickness of the C15 concrete cushion layer is 2cm, leveling is carried out manually, and bolts are embedded into the left side and the right side of the C15 concrete cushion layer to extend into the bottom of the C15 concrete cushion layer according to measurement data;
c. binding reinforcing bar net piece
The reinforcing steel bars are divided into vertical bars, transverse bars and rock-entering reinforcing steel bars, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars are firstly installed in a rock-entering reinforcing steel bar during construction, a surrounding rock is drilled through a machine, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars are inserted into the drilled holes after the drilling is finished, mortar is poured through a grouting machine, pressure is strictly controlled during the grouting process, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars are transversely arranged in a row along the tunnel direction, vertical upper and lower intervals of 5 pieces are arranged in a row, after the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars are constructed, the vertical bars are bound, the bending degree of the vertical bars is determined according to the radian of the surrounding rock after the tunnel is excavated during the blanking of the vertical bars, the vertical bars are transversely arranged in a group, the vertical bars are respectively arranged around the radian of the surrounding rock after the tunnel is excavated and bound with the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars through binding wires, the transverse bars are bound after the binding of the vertical bars is finished, one transverse bar is arranged along with each row of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars, so that a complete reinforcing steel bar framework is formed, and the overall stability of the supporting structure can be improved;
d. spray water-proof layer
Before the template structure is installed, a waterproof layer is sprayed, the waterproof layer is made of waterproof mortar, the thickness of the waterproof mortar is controlled to be 2-5cm, the waterproof layer is uniformly sprayed, the waterproof layer can protect the surrounding rock structure, the surrounding rock can be prevented from being corroded by internal water, and the stability of the surrounding rock is improved;
e. formwork structure installation
When the templates are installed, a first template and a second template are installed firstly, the bottoms of the first template and the second template are placed on a C15 concrete cushion layer, then a third connecting plate is fastened with a bolt, the third template is installed, the second connecting plates on the two sides of the bottom surface of the third template are respectively connected with the first connecting plates on the tops of the first template and the second template through bolts, and a layer of gasket is arranged at the joint of the first template, the second template and the third template, so that the problems of slurry leakage, rough surface of concrete after pouring and the like can be prevented, the templates can form a whole, and the overall stability of a supporting structure can be improved;
f. pouring concrete
The concrete is poured manually, firstly, the concrete is poured through the strip-shaped holes in the first template and the second template and vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is vibrated to be compact, the plugging plates are fixed on the first template and the second template through bolts, the concrete pouring is simultaneously carried out from two sides of the first template and the second template, finally, the concrete is poured through the strip-shaped holes in the third template and vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is vibrated to be compact, and the plugging plates are fixed on the third template through bolts;
g. form removal
And (4) dismantling the template structure after the concrete reaches the strength, and advancing along with the tunnel excavation. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has simple structure and convenient operation, adopts the reinforced concrete structure to support the tunnel integrally after the excavation is finished, and utilizes the compression resistance, the tensile resistance, the waterproof performance and the corrosion resistance of the reinforced concrete structure to improve the stability of the supporting structure, effectively control the deformation of surrounding rocks and greatly ensure the safety of the tunnel construction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the portion C in FIG. 1
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the portion D in FIG. 1
FIG. 4 isbase:Sub>A sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 1
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 1
The structure names in the drawings are:
1. the concrete block comprises rock entering reinforcing steel bars, 2, surrounding rocks, 3, vertical bars, 4, transverse bars, 5, a waterproof layer, 6, a first template, 7, a second template, 8, a third template, 9, a first connecting plate, 10, a second connecting plate, 11, a third connecting plate, 12, a third blocking plate, 13, a second blocking plate, 14, a first blocking plate, 15 and C15 concrete cushion layers, 16 and gaskets.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in the figure, the tunnel excavation supporting structure and the construction method comprise a steel bar structure and a template structure:
a tunnel excavation supporting structure comprises rock entering reinforcing steel bars 1 which are driven in around surrounding rocks 2, the length of a hook arranged at the end part of a rock entering section of the rock entering reinforcing steel bars 1 is 10d, d is the diameter of the rock entering reinforcing steel bars 1, 5 rock entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are arranged in a group in the transverse direction, the distance between every two rock entering reinforcing steel bars is 1m, and a row is arranged vertically at intervals of 60 cm. The end part of the non-rock-entering section of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bar 1 is provided with a hook, a plurality of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are arranged into a group along the tunnel direction, a row is vertically arranged between the groups, each group of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 is transversely provided with a transverse bar 4 at the non-rock-entering section, the intersection position of each rock-entering reinforcing steel bar 1 and the transverse bar 4 is provided with 1 vertical bar 3,
the tunnel arch crown structure comprises a tunnel arch crown, a first formwork 6, a second formwork 7 and a third formwork 8, wherein the first formwork 6 and the second formwork 7 are fixedly arranged on the two sides of the third formwork 8 respectively; and second connecting plates 10 correspondingly connected with the first template 6 and the second template 7 are arranged at two ends of the third template 8, and a first connecting plate 9 arranged at the upper parts of the first template 6 and the second template 7 is connected with the second connecting plates 10 at two ends of the bottom surface of the third template 8 through bolts. A layer of gasket 16 is arranged at the joint of the first template 6, the second template 7 and the third template 8.
In the space formed by the template structure and the surrounding rock 2, a concrete layer is filled by taking a steel bar net piece formed by the rock-entering steel bars 1, the transverse steel bars 4 and the vertical steel bars 3 as a framework.
A waterproof layer is arranged around the surrounding rock 2.
Be provided with the concrete cushion on the tunnel bottom surface, the bottom mounting of first template 6, second template 7 sets up on the C15 concrete cushion. Bolts are embedded in the two sides, close to the surrounding rock, of the C15 concrete cushion 15, and the third connecting plates 11 at the bottom ends of the first template 6 and the second template 7 are connected with the embedded bolts arranged on the C15 concrete cushion 15.
The first template 6, the second template 7 and the third template 8 are all provided with strip-shaped holes, and the strip-shaped holes are fixedly provided with blocking plates. In this embodiment, the first mold plate 6 is provided with a second blocking plate 13 and a first blocking plate 14, and the third mold plate 8 is provided with a third blocking plate 12.
A construction method of a tunnel excavation supporting structure comprises the following concrete construction steps:
a. tunnel excavation and confirmation of wall rock radian
Measuring the radian of surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, generating data after measurement, and providing the data to a template manufacturing factory to manufacture a sizing template, wherein the template is divided into a first template 6, a second template 7 and a third template 8;
b. c15 concrete cushion layer is laid
After the tunnel is excavated, paving a C15 concrete cushion 15 on the bottom surface, wherein the thickness of the C15 concrete cushion 15 is 2cm, manually leveling, and embedding bolts at the left side and the right side of the C15 concrete cushion 15 into the bottom of the C15 concrete cushion 15 according to measurement data;
c. binding reinforcing bar net piece
The reinforcing steel bars are divided into vertical bars 3, transverse bars 4 and rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are firstly installed in construction, surrounding rocks 2 are drilled through a machine, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are inserted into the drilled holes after the drilling is finished, mortar is poured through a grouting machine, the pressure is strictly controlled in the grouting process, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are transversely arranged in a row along the tunnel direction, the vertical upper part and the vertical lower part are vertically arranged in a row at intervals of 60cm, after the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 are constructed, the vertical bars 3 are bound, the bending degree of the vertical bars 3 is determined according to the radian of the surrounding rocks after the tunnel is excavated when the vertical bars 3 are blanked, the horizontal 5 vertical bars 3 are in one group, the vertical bars 3 are respectively arranged around the radian of the surrounding rocks after the tunnel is excavated and bound with the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1 through binding wires, the horizontal bars 4 are bound after the binding of the vertical bars 3 is finished, and one horizontal bar 4 is arranged along with each row of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars 1, so that a complete reinforcing steel bar framework is formed, and the whole stability of the supporting structure can be improved;
d. spray water-proof layer
Before the template structure is installed, a waterproof layer 5 is sprayed, the waterproof layer 5 is made of waterproof mortar, the thickness of the waterproof layer 5 is controlled to be 2-5cm, the waterproof layer 5 is sprayed uniformly, the waterproof layer 5 can protect the surrounding rock structure, the surrounding rock can be prevented from being corroded by internal water, and the stability of the surrounding rock 2 is improved;
e. formwork structure installation
When the formworks are installed, a first formwork 6 and a second formwork 7 are installed firstly, the bottoms of the first formwork 6 and the second formwork 7 are placed on a C15 concrete cushion 15, then a third connecting plate 11 is fastened with bolts, a third formwork 8 is installed, second connecting plates 10 on two sides of the bottom surface of the third formwork 8 are respectively connected with a first connecting plate 9 on the top of the first formwork 6 and the top of the second formwork 7 through bolts, a layer of gasket 16 is arranged at the connecting positions of the first formwork 6, the second formwork 7 and the third formwork 8, the problems of slurry leakage, rough surface of poured concrete and the like can be prevented, the formworks can form a whole, and the overall stability of a supporting structure can be improved;
f. pouring concrete
The concrete adopts manual casting, firstly, the concrete is cast through the strip-shaped holes on the first template 6 and the second template 7, and is vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is vibrated to be compact, the plugging plates are fixed on the first template 6 and the second template 7 through bolts, the concrete is cast from two sides of the first template 6 and the second template 7 simultaneously, finally, the concrete is cast through the strip-shaped holes on the third template 8 and is vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is vibrated to be compact, and the plugging plates are fixed on the third template 8 through bolts;
g. form removal
And (4) dismantling the formwork structure after the concrete reaches the strength, and advancing along with the excavation of the tunnel.
Through the concrete construction steps, the construction method of the supporting structure is concise and clear, the whole supporting structure is densely connected, and the reinforced concrete integrated supporting structure can improve the stability of the whole surrounding rock of the tunnel, improve the safety during tunnel construction and enable the supporting structure to be more attractive.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A tunnel excavation supporting structure is characterized by comprising rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) driven into surrounding rocks (2), hooks are arranged at the end parts of non-rock-entering sections of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1), a plurality of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) are arranged into a group along the direction of a tunnel, a row is vertically arranged among the groups, a transverse bar (4) is transversely arranged at the non-rock-entering section of each group of rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1), 1 vertical bar (3) is arranged at the intersection position of each rock-entering reinforcing steel bar (1) and the transverse bar (4),
the tunnel arch crown formwork structure comprises a first formwork (6), a second formwork (7) and a third formwork (8), wherein the third formwork (8) is arranged at the bottom of the arch crown of the tunnel, the first formwork (6) and the second formwork (7) are fixedly arranged on two sides of the third formwork (8) respectively, and the bottom ends of the first formwork (6) and the second formwork (7) are fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the tunnel;
in the space formed by the template structure and the surrounding rock (2), a concrete layer is filled by taking a steel bar net piece formed by the rock-entering steel bar (1), the transverse steel bar (4) and the vertical steel bar (3) as a framework.
2. The tunnel excavation supporting structure according to claim 1, wherein a waterproof layer is provided around the surrounding rock (2).
3. The tunnel excavation supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the length of the hook arranged at the end of the non-entry section of the entry reinforcing steel bar (1) is 10d, d is the diameter of the entry reinforcing steel bar (1), 5 transverse entry reinforcing steel bars (1) are arranged in one group, each interval is 1m, and one row is vertically arranged at the interval of 60 cm.
4. The tunnel excavation supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a concrete cushion is arranged on the bottom surface of the tunnel, and the bottom ends of the first formwork (6) and the second formwork (7) are fixedly arranged on a C15 concrete cushion.
5. The tunnel excavation supporting structure of claim 2, characterized in that bolts are pre-buried in the C15 concrete cushion (15) near the two sides of the surrounding rock, and the third connecting plates (11) at the bottom ends of the first formwork (6) and the second formwork (7) are connected with the pre-buried bolts arranged on the C15 concrete cushion (15).
6. The tunnel excavation supporting structure of claim 1, characterized in that, the third template (8) is provided with second connecting plates (10) at two ends thereof, the second connecting plates are correspondingly connected with the first template (6) and the second template (7), and the first connecting plates (9) arranged at the upper parts of the first template (6) and the second template (7) are connected with the second connecting plates (10) at two ends of the bottom surface of the third template (8) through bolts.
7. The support structure for tunnel excavation according to claim 6, characterized in that the joints of the first formwork (6), the second formwork (7) and the third formwork (8) are provided with a layer of gasket (16).
8. The tunnel excavation supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the first formwork (6), the second formwork (7), and the third formwork (8) are provided with strip-shaped holes, and the strip-shaped holes are fixedly provided with blocking plates.
9. The construction method of the tunnel excavation supporting structure according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following concrete construction steps:
a. tunnel excavation and confirmation of wall rock radian
Measuring the radian of surrounding rock after tunnel excavation, generating data after measurement, and providing the data to a template manufacturing factory to manufacture a sizing template, wherein the template is divided into a first template (6), a second template (7) and a third template (8);
b. c15 concrete cushion layer is laid
After tunnel excavation is finished, a C15 concrete cushion (15) is laid on the bottom surface, the thickness of the C15 concrete cushion (15) is 2cm, leveling is performed manually, and bolts are embedded into the left side and the right side of the C15 concrete cushion (15) to stretch into the bottom of the C15 concrete cushion (15) according to measurement data;
c. binding reinforcing bar net piece
The reinforcing steel bars are divided into vertical bars (3), transverse bars (4) and rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1), the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) are firstly installed during construction, surrounding rocks (2) are drilled through a machine, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) are inserted into the drilled holes after the drilling is finished, mortar is poured through a grouting machine, pressure is strictly controlled during grouting, the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) are transversely arranged in a row along a tunnel direction, the vertical upper part and the lower part are arranged in a row at an interval of 60cm, after the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) are constructed, the vertical bars (3) begin to be bound, the bending degree of the vertical bars (3) is determined according to the radian of the surrounding rocks after tunnel excavation during blanking of the vertical bars (3), the transverse 5 vertical bars (3) form a group, the vertical bars (3) are respectively arranged around the radian of the surrounding rocks after the tunnel excavation and are bound with the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1) through binding wires, the binding of the vertical bars (3) begins to be bound, the transverse bars (4) begin to be bound together with the arrangement of each row of the rock-entering reinforcing steel bars (1), so that a complete reinforcing steel bar is formed, and the overall stability of a supporting framework can be improved;
d. spray water-proof layer
Before the template structure is installed, a waterproof layer (5) is sprayed, the waterproof layer (5) is made of waterproof mortar, the thickness is controlled to be 2-5cm, the waterproof layer (5) is uniformly sprayed, the surrounding rock structure can be protected by the waterproof layer (5), the surrounding rock can be prevented from being corroded by water inside the surrounding rock, and the stability of the surrounding rock (2) is improved;
e. formwork structure installation
When the templates are installed, a first template (6) and a second template (7) are installed firstly, the bottoms of the first template (6) and the second template (7) are placed on a C15 concrete cushion layer (15), then a third connecting plate (11) is fastened with bolts, a third template (8) is installed, second connecting plates (10) on two sides of the bottom surface of the third template (8) are respectively connected with a first connecting plate (9) on the tops of the first template (6) and the second template (7) through bolts, a layer of gasket (16) is arranged at the connecting positions of the first template (6), the second template (7) and the third template (8), the problems of slurry leakage, rough surface of poured concrete and the like can be prevented, the templates can form a whole, and the overall stability of a supporting structure can be improved;
f. pouring concrete
The concrete is poured manually, firstly, the concrete is poured through the strip-shaped holes in the first template (6) and the second template (7) and vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is compacted, the plugging plates are fixed on the first template (6) and the second template (7) through bolts, the concrete is poured from two sides of the first template (6) and the second template (7) simultaneously, finally, the concrete is poured through the strip-shaped holes in the third template (8) and vibrated, the strip-shaped holes are plugged through the plugging plates after the concrete is compacted, and the plugging plates are fixed on the third template (8) through bolts;
g. form removal
And (4) dismantling the template structure after the concrete reaches the strength, and advancing along with the tunnel excavation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN108798684B (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2019-12-03 | 中电建十一局工程有限公司 | A kind of method of completely decomposed fine sand stratum tunnel excavation |
| CN110043279B (en) * | 2019-05-06 | 2024-05-14 | 中国水利电力对外有限公司 | Tunnel mould spraying concrete support construction device and method |
| CN113417670B (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2023-11-14 | 西华大学 | Device for tunnel maintenance and reinforcement |
| CN113969795B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2023-03-21 | 山东大学 | Excavation supporting structure and construction method of tunnel |
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