CN114788509B

CN114788509B - Selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method

Info

Publication number: CN114788509B
Application number: CN202210440661.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 欧阳文逵; 许春兰; 梁景湛
Original assignee: Jiangxi Wangpi Tutaihe Wuji Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Jiangxi Wangpi Tutaihe Wuji Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-25
Filing date: 2022-04-25
Publication date: 2023-05-26
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-25
Also published as: CN114788509A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken breeding, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method, which comprises the following specific steps: hatching, chick breeding and adult chicken breeding, wherein the adult chicken foodstuff comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of pumpkin, 40-60 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5 part of natural vitamin E, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of additive; the additive is a mixture comprising a selenium source and an iron source, wherein the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 1-5:10-20. According to the breeding method, the internal environment of the black-bone chickens is controlled in each stage, so that the selenium absorption conversion rate is improved, the selenium-rich black-bone chickens are high in selenium content, the protein content is improved, and the nutritional value of the black-bone chickens is further improved.

Description

Selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of black-bone chicken breeding, and particularly relates to a selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method.

Background

Taihe black-bone chicken is a special product of Taihe county in Jiangxi province, is native to the foot of Wushan in Taihe county, is also called Wu Shanji according to the producing area, and is distinguished by ten characteristics, namely 'cluster crown, tassel head, green ear, beard, silk hair, hair foot, five paws, wu Pi, black-bone meat and black-bone', high nutritional value and medicinal value. The basic and precious ingredients of Taihe black-bone chicken are that the nutrition value of Taihe black-bone chicken is very rich, the protein contained in the Taihe black-bone chicken is much higher than that of common chicken, the amino acid content in the Taihe black-bone chicken can reach about 20 percent, the amino acid content in chicken, duck meat, fish meat and beef is higher than that in the Taihe black-bone chicken, the types of the amino acids are very complete, and the Taihe black-bone chicken contains 18 amino acids (especially amino acids necessary for human bodies), 8 microelements and a large amount of vitamins.

Selenium (Se) is one of trace elements necessary for human and animal organisms, participates in a plurality of metabolic reactions of the organisms, can improve the immunity of the organisms, remove lipid hydroperoxides, strengthen the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E, is used as a heavy metal antidote, inhibits the growth of cancer cells and the like, and has irreplaceable nutrition and physiology effects. When the organism lacks selenium, the organism often shows growth arrest and reproduction dysfunction, and some characteristic diseases are caused for some animals. When the selenium-containing product is eaten, the selenium-containing product is not absorbed by the organism due to the influence of the organism or the environment, but is mostly discharged through urine and feces, and the selenium-containing product is limited in storage.

The selenium-enriched product is a product enriched with trace element selenium, can be used as a source of selenium for eaters, and the requirement of human beings on selenium is mainly derived from foods. Selenium-enriched products are more and more paid attention to, and reports on selenium-enriched chickens, ducks, eggs, duck eggs and the like are numerous, and the main method is to achieve the purpose of selenium enrichment by increasing the selenium content in feed, but the effect is general; also known are active selenium biological feeds, selenium-enriched broilers and layers, such as CN105613421a, and their production methods, wherein inorganic selenium is first cultured and transformed onto microorganisms to obtain biological selenium powder, which is then formulated into active selenium by means of various enzymes, and then added as additives to the feeds to increase the selenium content in broilers and layers. The selenium-enriched chicken obtained by the method has high selenium content, but long-time microbial transformation culture test is needed in the early stage, and the method is complicated. At present, the report of selenium-enriched black-bone chickens is relatively less, the content of selenium is about 7.73 mug/100 g due to the nutrition value superiority of the black-bone chickens, the content is not high, and how to produce the selenium-enriched black-bone chickens through the improvement of a breeding method is a subject worthy of research, so that the added value of the black-bone chickens can be improved, and the market competitiveness can be further improved for the development of black-bone chicken industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method, which can effectively improve the selenium absorption conversion rate by regulating the internal environment of the black-bone chicken in each stage, such as regulating the proportion of selenium and iron, supplementing vitamin E, regulating the balance of intestinal microorganisms, pH value and the like, and the obtained selenium-rich black-bone chicken has high selenium content and protein content, and further improves the nutritional value of the black-bone chicken.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1, hatching: selecting new black-bone eggs within 7-10 days, sterilizing, placing into a manual incubator, and hatching for 20-25 days to break out chicks; specifically, the black-bone chicken eggs can be sprayed after being diluted by 100 times by adopting 5% benzalkonium bromide solution, so that the hatching rate can be improved, and the infection of new chick diseases can be reduced;

s2, chicken breeding: inoculating the chicks after the shell is removed with vaccine, selecting healthy chicks, placing the healthy chicks into a brood house for breeding, and controlling the breeding temperature, humidity and illumination, wherein the breeding density is 25-35 chicks/m ² Feeding cold boiled water on day 1, then feeding chickens, taking the amount of 0.7-1g of each chicken as a standard, feeding the chickens with the feed for 5-7 times a day, feeding the chickens with the feed for 4-6 times a day after 3-4 days according to the amount of 1.6-1.8g of each chicken as a standard, and after two weeks, increasing to 30g of each feed every day in a mode of 2-3g per week until the total time is 9 weeks; specifically, the vaccine is Marek's disease vaccine, neck subcutaneous injection is carried out, the newly hatched black-bone chickens are easy to infect Marek's disease, and the vaccine should be inoculated as soon as possible, so that the survival rate of the chickens is improved;

s3, raising adult chickens: raising black-bone chickens in outdoor forest lands in daytime when the outdoor temperature reaches 15-25 ℃ and the humidity reaches 50-75% from week 10, feeding 3-4 times per mu of chickens per day with the raising density of 300-400 per mu, stopping growth of each black-bone chicken with 5g of feed per week till 80g, ensuring sufficient water supply, feeding selenium-rich tea water once per day, feeding water added with probiotics b once per week, and leaving the chickens for 18 weeks; the selenium-enriched tea water not only contains selenium, but also is slightly alkaline, and conditions the in-vivo environment to be slightly alkaline, so that the absorption of mineral elements such as selenium and the like can be promoted, and the conversion rate can be improved. The balance of intestinal microorganisms has great significance on the health and production performance of black-bone chickens, in the technical scheme, harmful microorganisms can be effectively inhibited by adding probiotics, the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the intestinal tract is promoted, the ecological balance of the intestinal tract is finally achieved, the health of the gastrointestinal tract is improved, meanwhile, nutrition such as digestion and absorption of selenium is facilitated, in addition, the intestinal tract serves as the largest immune organ of the organism to bear the important function of organism immunity, and is an important barrier for resisting pathogen invasion.

The chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of pumpkin, 40-60 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5 part of natural vitamin E, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of additive; crushing pumpkin, and mixing with other raw materials to eat;

the additive is a mixture comprising a selenium source and an iron source, wherein the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 1-5:10-20. The animal mainly absorbs selenium in food through intestinal wall cells, and relies on an amino acid transport system and a glutathione peroxidase metabolic system to complete selenium absorption. Under the condition of iron deficiency, the activity of a glutathione peroxidase metabolic system is reduced, and the absorption of selenium by an organism is directly affected; the selenium source and the iron source are unevenly mixed or the intake is too much or too little, which not only can affect the absorption of selenium, but also can directly affect the growth performance of black-bone chickens. According to the technical scheme, the proportion of the selenium source and the iron source is controlled, the additive is prepared into the microcapsule shape in advance, namely, the selenium source is arranged inside, the iron source is wrapped outside, after the selenium source enters the body, the body is subjected to iron supplementing to activate the activity of a glutathione peroxidase metabolic system, and then released selenium is absorbed more easily, so that waste is reduced.

Specifically, the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: adding acacia in the same amount as the selenium source into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to prepare a 20-30% solution, adding the selenium source in a stirring state, stirring for 20-30min, and performing spray drying to obtain the selenium source powder wrapped by the acacia; controlling the humidity in the stirrer to be 60-80%, rapidly adding selenium source powder and iron source into the stirrer, stirring and uniformly mixing, taking out, and vacuum drying to obtain the microcapsule-shaped additive.

The factors influencing selenium absorption are various, such as intestinal microorganism interference, vitamin, mineral element deficiency, etc. According to the technical scheme, through reasonable control of each stage, especially through regular eating of probiotics in the growth stage of the adult chickens, the growth of harmful bacteria can be inhibited, the balance of intestinal microorganisms is maintained, and the selenium absorption is facilitated; the additive is prepared into a microcapsule shape in advance, and the proportion of selenium and iron is controlled, so that excessive or too little ingestion of the selenium source and the iron source can be prevented, the iron source and the selenium source are released successively, the utilization rate of selenium can be improved, and the black-bone chicken can grow; by matching with a proper amount of vitamin E, the consumption of selenium by the organism can be reduced, and the utilization rate and conversion rate of selenium can be improved; by drinking the selenium-enriched tea water, the absorption conversion rate of the organism to selenium is improved, and the obtained selenium-enriched black-bone chicken has high selenium content, good quality and high nutritional value.

Further, in the above technical scheme S2, the chicken foodstuff is a mixture of cooked pork liver, cooked duck egg yolk and peanut flour, and the weight ratio of the cooked pork liver, the cooked duck egg yolk and the peanut flour in the mixture is 1-3:1-2:2-5. Pig liver, duck egg and peanut are rich in selenium substances, and can meet the growth requirement of chicks, iron is rich in pig liver, so that selenium absorption can be promoted, and the chick body is limited in material absorption.

Furthermore, in the technical scheme, 1-5%o of probiotics a are mixed in the chick foodstuff, wherein the probiotics a are any of lactobacillus reuteri, enterococcus urosus and micrococcus. According to the technical scheme, probiotics are added into the chick foodstuff, so that intestinal microbial flora is formed in the chick rapidly, the growth of pathogenic bacteria can be inhibited, the immunity is improved, the absorption of selenium is facilitated, and the chick foodstuff is beneficial to growth.

Further, in the above technical scheme S2, 0.4-0.6%o potassium permanganate solution is drunk before cold boiled water is fed on the first day; preferably, 0.5 per mill potassium permanganate solution is drunk first, so that chicken embryo manure can be effectively discharged, and foraging consciousness is promoted.

Further, in the above technical scheme S3, the mass-to-volume ratio (kg/L) of the selenium-enriched tea water to the selenium-enriched tea water is 1:300-500, and cooling after 1-2h of cooking. The selenium-enriched tea is slightly alkaline in water, so that the selenium supply can be provided, the alkalescence in the body can be regulated, the absorption of mineral elements such as selenium and the like can be promoted, and the conversion rate can be improved.

Furthermore, in the above technical scheme S3, the probiotic b is any one of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis, bifidobacterium, lactococcus lactis and bacillus subtilis, and the addition amount of the probiotic b is 2-5%.

Further, in the above technical scheme, the selenium source is organic selenium, including one or two of methionine selenium and seleno carrageenan. Selenium in the organic selenium can be synthesized into seleno-amino acid in protein to replace sulfur-containing amino acid and be combined into protein, so that the storage capacity of total selenium of the organism can be increased, and the utilization rate and the conversion rate are high.

Further, in the above technical scheme, the iron source is one or two of methionine iron and glycine iron. The activity of glutathione peroxidase is reduced when iron is deficient, and the glutathione peroxidase is taken as a reducing substance to improve liver function and complete selenium absorption, so that the amino acid iron used in the technical scheme cannot react with other mineral elements, has stable biochemical performance, good solubility in a human body, is easy to absorb and high in utilization rate, and can improve the selenium absorption rate by simultaneously supplementing iron to recover the activity of the glutathione peroxidase to a normal level; meanwhile, the multifunctional sterilizing and immunity-enhancing tea also has certain sterilizing and immunity-enhancing functions.

Further, in the above technical scheme S1, the temperature of the incubator is set to 37.5-38.0 ℃, the humidity is 62-78%, and sufficient ventilation is maintained. According to the technical scheme, the temperature of the incubator is set to be proper, the shell-forming time and the hatching rate can be effectively controlled, the management level is improved, oxygen is supplemented through ventilation, specifically, the incubator can be opened for 30-60 minutes in noon or evening every day, a large amount of heat generated by embryo development can be dissipated, the embryo development is stimulated, the resistance of embryos is increased, eggs are turned every 2-4 hours after hatching, the influence of temperature difference in the incubator on the eggs is reduced, the embryo movement is facilitated, and meanwhile, the adhesion of the embryo and the eggshells can be avoided, so that the hatching rate is reduced.

Further, in the above technical solution S2, the condition control of the brooding house includes: the whole light with the intensity of 55-65lx is used for illumination in the first 3 days, the temperature is 32-34 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70 ℃; the temperature is 31-33 ℃ on days 4-7, the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 18-20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 40-50lx from day 4 to the end of the second week, 19-22h per day, the illumination time is reduced by 2h every day after the second week, and the illumination intensity is 20-30lx until no illumination is performed. The requirements of the black-bone chicken on temperature, humidity and illumination are relatively high, and the immunity of the black-bone chicken can be improved by strictly controlling the conditions, so that the survival rate is high and the growth is uniform.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the selenium source is introduced into the black-bone chicken during each development stage, so that the immunity of the body can be improved, the early growth environment is controllable, the survival rate is improved, the later movement is sufficient, the meat quality is delicious, and the quality is high by combining the early housing culture and the later free culture.

2. The black-bone chicken foodstuff disclosed by the invention can promote the absorption of selenium by adjusting the environments such as intestinal microorganisms, acidity and alkalinity in vivo and the like while adding the organic selenium, and can effectively improve the utilization rate and the storage rate of selenium by adding the vitamin E and the iron source, so that the obtained black-bone chicken foodstuff has high selenium content.

3. The cultivation method is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, the cultivation method can be used for feeding the seeds only by mixing according to requirements, microorganism bacteria do not need to be cultivated in advance, and the operation is convenient.

Detailed Description

The experimental methods in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The raw materials used in the following examples are all commercially available and commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to examples:

example 1

A selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method comprises the following specific steps:

s1, hatching: selecting new black-bone chicken eggs within 7-10 days, diluting with 5% benzalkonium bromide solution for 100 times, spraying for sterilization, placing into an artificial incubator, setting the temperature of the incubator to 37.5-38.0 ℃ and the humidity to 62-78%, keeping full ventilation, and hatching for 20-25 days to break out chicks;

s2, chicken breeding: inoculating Marek's disease vaccine to the chicks after the chicks are taken out of the shell, selecting healthy chicks to be placed into a brooding house for breeding, and controlling the conditions of the brooding house to be good includes: the whole body of light with the intensity of 55lx is irradiated in the first 3 days, the temperature is 32 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70 ℃; on days 4-7, the temperature is 31 ℃, the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until 18 ℃, the illumination intensity is 40lx from day 4 to the end of the second week, the illumination time is reduced by 2 hours every day after the second week, and the illumination intensity is 20lx until no illumination is performed. The feeding density is 25-35/m ² Taking 0.4 per mill potassium permanganate solution firstly on day 1, then feeding cold boiled water, then feeding chickens, taking the amount of 0.7g of each chicken as a standard, adding chicken feed and adding 1 per mill probiotics a, wherein the probiotics a are a mixture of lactobacillus reuteri and enterococcus urosus in any proportion, feeding 7 times per day, feeding 4-6 times per day according to the amount of 1.6g of each chicken after 3-4 days, and after two weeks, increasing to 30g in a mode of 2-3g each week until the growth is stopped, and stopping until the period is full of 9 weeks;

the chicken foodstuff is a mixture of cooked pork liver, cooked duck egg yolk and peanut flour, wherein the weight ratio of the cooked pork liver to the cooked duck egg yolk to the peanut flour in the mixture is 1:1:2.

s3, raising adult chickens: raising black-bone chickens in outdoor forest lands in daytime when the outdoor temperature reaches 15-25 ℃ and the humidity reaches 50-75% from week 10, feeding 3-4 times per mu of chickens per day with the raising density of 300-400 per mu, stopping growth of each black-bone chicken with 5g of feed per week till 80g, ensuring sufficient water supply, feeding selenium-rich tea water once per day, feeding water added with probiotics b once per week, and leaving the chickens for 18 weeks;

the chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of pumpkin, 60 parts of corn, 20 parts of soybean meal, 0.3 part of natural vitamin E, 0.5 part of salt and 0.8 part of additive;

the additive is a mixture of a selenium source and an iron source, and the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 1:10;

the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: adding acacia in the same amount as the selenium source into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to prepare a 20% solution, adding the selenium source in a stirring state, stirring for 20min, and performing spray drying to obtain selenium source powder wrapped by the acacia; and controlling the humidity in the stirrer to be 60%, rapidly adding selenium source powder and an iron source into the stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, taking out, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the microcapsule-shaped additive.

The selenium source is selenized carrageenan; the iron source is iron glycinate;

the selenium-enriched tea water is prepared from selenium-enriched tea and water in a mass volume ratio (kg/L) of 1:300, and cooling after 2h of cooking;

the probiotics b are mixed with lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis and bacillus subtilis in any proportion, and the adding amount of the probiotics b is 2 per mill.

Example 2

s2, chicken breeding: inoculating Marek's disease vaccine to the chicks after the chicks are taken out of the shell, selecting healthy chicks to be placed into a brooding house for breeding, and controlling the conditions of the brooding house to be good includes: the whole body of light with the intensity of 60lx is irradiated in the first 3 days, the temperature is 33 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70 ℃; day 4-7, warmThe temperature is 32 ℃, the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 19 ℃ and the illumination intensity is 45lx before the end of the second week from the 4 th day, 20 hours every day, and the illumination time is reduced by 2 hours every day after the second week until the illumination is not performed. The feeding density is 25-35/m ² Taking 0.5 per mill potassium permanganate solution firstly on day 1, then feeding cold boiled water, then feeding chickens, taking the amount of 0.8g of each chicken as a standard, adding chicken feed and adding 3 per mill probiotics a, wherein the probiotics a are a mixture of lactobacillus reuteri and micrococcus in any proportion, feeding 6 times per day, feeding 4-6 times per day according to the amount of 1.7g of each chicken as a standard after 3-4 days, and after two weeks, increasing to 30g in a mode of 2-3g each week until the chickens stop increasing;

the chicken foodstuff is a mixture of cooked pork liver, cooked duck egg yolk and peanut flour, wherein the weight ratio of the cooked pork liver to the cooked duck egg yolk to the peanut flour in the mixture is 2:1:4.

the chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of pumpkin, 50 parts of corn, 25 parts of soybean meal, 0.4 part of natural vitamin E, 0.8 part of salt and 0.6 part of additive;

the additive is a mixture of a selenium source and an iron source, and the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 3:15;

the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: adding acacia in the same amount as the selenium source into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to prepare a 25% solution, adding the selenium source in a stirring state, stirring for 25min, and performing spray drying to obtain selenium source powder wrapped by the acacia; and controlling the humidity in the stirrer to be 70%, rapidly adding selenium source powder and an iron source into the stirrer, uniformly stirring and mixing, taking out, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the microcapsule-shaped additive.

The selenium source is selenium methionine; the iron source is methionine iron;

the selenium-enriched tea water is prepared from selenium-enriched tea and water in a mass volume ratio (kg/L) of 1:400, and cooling after 1.5h of cooking;

the probiotics b are mixed with lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis, bifidobacterium and bacillus subtilis in any proportion, and the adding amount of the probiotics b is 3 per mill

Example 3

s2, chicken breeding: inoculating Marek's disease vaccine to the chicks after the chicks are taken out of the shell, selecting healthy chicks to be placed into a brooding house for breeding, and controlling the conditions of the brooding house to be good includes: the whole light with the intensity of 65lx is used for the first 3 days, the temperature is 34 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70 ℃; on days 4-7, the temperature is 33 ℃, the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 50lx from day 4 to the end of the second week, 19 hours every day, and the illumination time is reduced by 2 hours every day after the second week, and the illumination intensity is 30lx until no illumination is performed. The feeding density is 25-35/m ² Taking 0.6 per mill potassium permanganate solution firstly on day 1, then feeding cold boiled water, then feeding chickens, taking 1g of each chicken as a standard, adding chicken feed and adding 5 per mill probiotics a, wherein the probiotics a are a mixture of lactobacillus reuteri, enterococcus urosus and micrococcus in any proportion, feeding 5 times per day, feeding 4-6 times per day according to 1.8g of each chicken as a standard after 3-4 days, and stopping adding until each chicken feed reaches 30g in a mode of 2-3g per week after two weeks, and stopping adding until the chicken feed is full of 9 weeks;

the chicken foodstuff is a mixture of cooked pork liver, cooked duck egg yolk and peanut flour, wherein the weight ratio of the cooked pork liver to the cooked duck egg yolk to the peanut flour in the mixture is 3:2:5.

the chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25 parts of pumpkin, 40 parts of corn, 30 parts of bean pulp, 0.5 part of natural vitamin E, 1 part of salt and 0.5 part of additive;

the additive is a mixture of a selenium source and an iron source, and the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 5:20, a step of;

the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: adding acacia in the same amount as the selenium source into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to prepare a 30% solution, adding the selenium source in a stirring state, stirring for 30min, and performing spray drying to obtain selenium source powder wrapped by the acacia; and controlling the humidity in the stirrer to be 80%, rapidly adding selenium source powder and an iron source into the stirrer, stirring and uniformly mixing, taking out, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the microcapsule-shaped additive.

The selenium source is a mixture of methionine selenium and seleno carrageenan in any proportion; the iron source is a mixture of methionine iron and glycine iron in any proportion;

the selenium-enriched tea water is prepared from selenium-enriched tea and water in a mass volume ratio (kg/L) of 1:500, and cooling after 1h of cooking;

the probiotics b are mixed with lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis, bifidobacterium, lactococcus lactis and bacillus subtilis in any proportion, and the addition amount of the probiotics b is 5 per mill.

Comparative example 1

The selenium source of the chicken foodstuff in S3 is inorganic selenium powder, and the rest method is the same as that in example 2.

Comparative example 2

The procedure of example 2 was repeated except that the feed for chicken in S3 was not added with an iron source.

Comparative example 3

The procedure of example 2 was repeated except that vitamin E was not added to the chicken diet of S3.

Comparative example 4

In S3, the iron source and the selenium source of the chicken feed additive are directly added into the chicken feed for mixing, and the rest method is the same as in the example 2.

Comparative example 5

The procedure of example 2 is followed except that no probiotic b is added to S3.

Comparative example 6

S3, selenium-enriched tea water is not added, and the rest method is the same as that of the example 2.

Comparative example 7

The chick diet in S2 was free of probiotic a and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 8

The chick diet in S2 was supplemented with no pork liver and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 9

The procedure of example 2 was repeated except that the feed for the normal chicks was used instead of the feed for chicks and the feed for the normal adult chickens was used instead of the feed for adult chickens in S3. The common chick feed comprises 64.5% of corn, 33% of bean pulp, 1% of lard, 1.3% of bone meal and 0.2% of salt; the common chicken feed comprises 64.7% of corn, 22% of bean pulp, 13% of bran and 0.3% of salt.

1200 black-bone eggs with the same batch and equivalent size are randomly selected and randomly divided into 12 groups, 100 black-bone eggs are cultivated according to the cultivation methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-9, the other management methods are the same, the survival rate of cultivation indexes, the protein content and the selenium content are shown in table 1, and the detection data of harmful bacteria in intestinal tracts of chicks and adult chickens are shown in table 2. Wherein, the protein and selenium content is measured by black-bone chicken drumsticks, 10 chicken drumsticks are killed randomly, and the average value is obtained. Harmful bacteria detection, namely taking 3-week and 6-week chicks and 12-week and 15-week chicks, detecting intestinal contents according to the detection method of GB4789.2-2016, killing 5 chicks in each group, and taking an average value of results.

TABLE 1 survival rate of cultivation index, and results of detection of protein and selenium content

Group of	Survival rate is%	Protein%	Selenium content μg/100g
				Example 1	97	27.35	25.13
Example 2	98	27.51	25.43
				Example 3	95	26.96	25.09
Comparative example 1	90	23.74	15.97
				Comparative example 2	91	24.19	17.59
Comparative example 3	90	23.91	16.25
				Comparative example 4	91	24.43	19.46
Comparative example 5	87	22.17	14.64
				Comparative example 6	91	24.39	17.94
Comparative example 7	78	24.63	20.13
				Comparative example 8	82	24.34	21.29
Comparative example 9	72	20.41	7.61

As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the black-bone chickens raised by the breeding method of the embodiments 1-3 of the invention have high survival rate, high protein content, and selenium content up to 25.43 mug/100 g, which is more than 3 times that of the common breeding method of the comparative example 9, and the selenium-rich effect is good and the quality is high.

As can be seen from the results of example 2 and comparative examples 1-3, the effect of using inorganic selenium, without adding iron source and vitamin E on survival rate and protein content is reduced, but the effect is relatively small, and the effect on selenium enrichment is large, which means that the absorption and conversion rate of inorganic selenium by the organism is relatively low, and simultaneously, the iron source and vitamin E can influence the absorption of selenium by the organism;

from the results of the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 4, the preparation method of the additive has a certain influence on the selenium absorption, and influences other growth performance indexes of black-bone chickens, which proves that the method of the invention prepares the additive into microgel in advance, can effectively control the intake of an iron source and a selenium source and promote the selenium absorption;

from the results of example 2 and comparative example 5, in the breeding stage, the intestinal tracts of the black-bone chickens are not regulated by probiotics b, the survival rate is obviously reduced, and meanwhile, the contents of protein and selenium are also obviously reduced, which indicates that harmful bacteria exist in the black-bone chickens and seriously influence the absorption of selenium by organisms and the growth of chickens;

as can be seen from the results of example 2 and comparative example 6, the effect on the survival rate and the protein content is relatively small, but the effect on the selenium enrichment is large, which indicates that the selenium-enriched tea water can influence the selenium absorption during the breeding stage;

from the results of example 2 and comparative examples 7-8, it can be seen that the absence of added probiotic a and pork liver has a greater effect on the survival rate of black-bone chickens during the brooding stage, while having a relatively smaller effect on the protein and selenium content, mainly because the accumulation of protein and selenium is mainly during the brooding stage.

TABLE 2 detection results of harmful bacteria

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As can be seen from the results of Table 2 and the performance indexes of Table 1, the breeding methods of examples 1-3 of the present invention can effectively inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria, and black-bone chickens have good growth performance and can improve the conversion rate of selenium. The number of harmful bacteria is significantly increased in comparative example 5, in which no beneficial bacteria are added in the breeding stage, which also affects the absorption and conversion of selenium, and in comparative example 7, in which no beneficial bacteria are added in the brooding stage, which affects the survival rate of chickens; in contrast, in comparative example 9, the conventional breeding method was used, and the number of harmful bacteria in the black-bone chickens was large, and the survival rate and the growth performance were poor.

In conclusion, the breeding method of the invention not only can improve the survival rate of the black-bone chickens and improve the protein content and the selenium content of meat, but also can effectively regulate the internal environment of the black-bone chickens by adding organic selenium, an iron source, vitamin E, beneficial bacteria and the like, thereby creating conditions for absorbing and storing selenium, and obtaining the selenium-rich black-bone chickens with high nutritive value.

Finally, it should be emphasized that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and any such modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The selenium-rich Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

s1, hatching: selecting new black-bone eggs within 10 days, sterilizing, placing into an artificial incubator, and hatching for 20-25 days to break out chicks;

s2, chicken breeding: inoculating the chicks after the shell is removed with vaccine, and selecting healthy chicks to be placed in a brood houseCulturing, controlling the raising temperature, humidity and illumination, and raising density to 25-35 animals/m ² Feeding cold boiled water on day 1, then feeding chickens, taking the amount of 0.7-1g of each chicken as a standard, feeding the chickens with the feed for 5-7 times a day, feeding the chickens with the feed for 4-6 times a day according to the amount of 1.6-1.8g of each chicken as a standard after 3-4 days, and stopping growing to 30g in a mode of 2-3g each week after two weeks until the period is full of 9 weeks;

the chicken feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of pumpkin, 40-60 parts of corn, 20-30 parts of soybean meal, 0.3-0.5 part of natural vitamin E, 0.5-1 part of salt and 0.5-0.8 part of additive;

the additive is a mixture comprising a selenium source and an iron source, wherein the mass ratio of the selenium source to the iron source is 1-5:10-20 parts of a base;

the preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps: adding acacia in the same amount as the selenium source into a stirrer, adding a proper amount of water, stirring to prepare a 20-30% solution, adding the selenium source in a stirring state, stirring for 20-30min, and performing spray drying to obtain the selenium source powder wrapped by the acacia; controlling the humidity in the stirrer to be 60-80%, rapidly adding selenium source powder and iron source into the stirrer, stirring and uniformly mixing, taking out, and vacuum drying to obtain the microcapsule-shaped additive.

2. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the chicken foodstuff is a mixture of cooked pork liver, cooked duck egg yolk and peanut flour, and the weight ratio of the cooked pork liver, the cooked duck egg yolk and the peanut flour in the mixture is 1-3:1-2:2-5.

3. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 2, wherein 1-5 per mill of probiotics a are mixed in the chicken feed, and the probiotics a are any of lactobacillus reuteri, enterococcus urococcus and micrococcus.

4. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in S2, 0.4-0.6 per mill potassium permanganate solution is drunk before cold boiled water is fed on the first day.

5. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 4, wherein the potassium permanganate solution is drunk 0.5 per mill before the first day of feeding cold boiled water.

6. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the selenium-enriched tea water is the mass volume ratio kg/L of the selenium-enriched tea to the water is 1:300-500, and cooling after 1-2h of cooking.

7. The selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in S3, the probiotics b are any one of lactobacillus plantarum, saccharomycetes, enterococcus faecalis, bifidobacterium, lactococcus lactis and bacillus subtilis, and the addition amount of the probiotics b is 2-5 per mill.

8. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein the selenium source is organic selenium, and comprises one or two of methionine selenium and selenocysteine carrageenan.

9. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein the iron source is one or two of methionine iron and glycine iron.

10. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the temperature of the artificial incubator is set to be 37.5-38.0 ℃, the humidity is 62-78%, and the air is kept to be fully ventilated.

11. The method for raising selenium-enriched Taihe black-bone chicken according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the condition control of the brood house comprises: the whole light with the intensity of 55-65lx is used for illumination in the first 3 days, the temperature is 32-34 ℃, and the humidity is 60-70 ℃; the temperature is 31-33 ℃ on days 4-7, the temperature is reduced by 2-3 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 18-20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 40-50lx from day 4 to the end of the second week, 19-22h per day, the illumination time is reduced by 2h every day after the second week, and the illumination intensity is 20-30lx until no illumination is performed.